182 lines
20 KiB
XML
182 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="5B8EA5CAF2ACF1A435F637FE50767C0E">
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<mods:title id="23916B0635A33CA82D1ED07EEE56700B">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FE8EDF133D2E8CCBDB41AB5FF926FCBE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4527A7F9191DAB0950FD7325ED0B5290">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BCA672F07F4E0C4891582A9D3E4305EC">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="76CCC201A6572EFA1A6C78FD3AEEC9BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="241C2E45E7727B36DD16AE0AC17BBD73">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D04F4B07348D1CC97F336B58F542F2E6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="13FB3BA3749F66105BAFA0C7CF241E6E">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="135AABACDCB8D670DF201058876ED374" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="A3ECDCF7927FD2FD2A93393A4FAED55B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="8B6B446E4A1049FFCFF78364258D2092">
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<mods:placeTerm id="8396DF5E9716526713D4115AE51B189F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8BC6C209832FBF402DAD44478ABCDBA6">
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<mods:title id="E168CEEB85AD50EA2EF9807FF354A5A1">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACD5B5A5FC6FC15" box="[1393,1447,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACD5B5A5FC6FC15" blockId="10.[1388,2509,851,979]" box="[1393,1447,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE7FFD3FACD5B5A5FC6FC15" box="[1393,1447,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFE7FFD3FACD5B5A5FC6FC15" box="[1393,1447,851,897]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">18.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FA045B5A5203FC15" box="[1464,2146,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FA045B5A5203FC15" blockId="10.[1388,2509,851,979]" box="[1464,2146,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE7FFD3FA045B5A5203FC15" box="[1464,2146,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3FA045B5A5203FC15" box="[1464,2146,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3F7105B5A53ADFC15" box="[2220,2508,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F7105B5A53ADFC15" blockId="10.[1388,2509,851,979]" box="[2220,2508,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE7FFD3F7105B5A53ADFC15" box="[2220,2508,851,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3F7105B5A53ADFC15" ID-CoL="58VMK" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[2220,2508,851,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3F7105B5A53ADFC15" box="[2220,2508,851,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Trinomys setosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FAD25B9D5D91FC45" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAD25B9D5321FC3D" blockId="10.[1388,2509,851,979]" box="[1390,2368,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE7FFD3FAD25B9D5321FC3D" box="[1390,2368,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FAD25B9D5FD8FC3D" bold="true" box="[1390,1465,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3FA7F5B9D5C06FC3D" box="[1475,1639,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Rat-épineux velu</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3F9C15B9D5CB6FC3D" bold="true" box="[1661,1751,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3F95D5B9D5D93FC3D" box="[1761,2034,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Haarige Atlantikstachelratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3F7BB5B9D5203FC3D" bold="true" box="[2055,2146,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3F7D05B9D5321FC3D" box="[2156,2368,916,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Rata espinosa peluda</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAD15BB55D91FC45" blockId="10.[1388,2509,851,979]" box="[1389,2032,956,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE7FFD3FAD15BB55D91FC45" box="[1389,2032,956,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FAD15BB55C05FC45" bold="true" box="[1389,1636,956,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3F9D35BB55D33FC45" box="[1647,1874,956,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Hairy Atlantic Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE7FFD3F8DC5BB55D91FC45" box="[1888,2032,956,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Hairy Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3F86D5C09527AFBD0" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F86D5C09527AFBD0" blockId="10.[2001,2597,1024,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3F86D5C09520DFB89" bold="true" box="[2001,2156,1024,1053]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3F7325C095277FBD0" ID-CoL="58VMK" authority="Desmarest, 1817" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">Echimys setosus Desmarest, 1817</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3F79A5C2A538BFBF8" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F79A5C2A538BFBF8" blockId="10.[2001,2597,1024,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFE7FFD3F79A5C2A538BFBF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303309" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">“Amérique.” Restricted byJ. Moojen in 1948 to “(southern?) Bahia,” Brazil.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3F86F5C7B5247FACD" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F86F5C7B5247FACD" blockId="10.[2001,2597,1024,1447]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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Nomenclatural history of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3F6EC5C7B5042FB07" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[2384,2595,1138,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">Trinomys setosus</taxonomicName>
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is complex, with many names used in earlier literature, now listed in synonymies of myosurus, leptosoma, cinnamomeus, Sfuliginosus, and denigratus. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3F8685D565FA0F9B6" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFE7FFD3F8685D565FA0F9B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623693/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" targetBox="[1388,1978,1035,1448]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F8685D565305FA14" blockId="10.[2001,2597,1024,1447]" box="[2004,2404,1375,1408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3F8685D565305FA14" bold="true" box="[2004,2404,1375,1408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3F8645D83529EFA45" blockId="10.[2001,2597,1024,1447]" lastBlockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3F8645D835040FA33" authority="Desmarest, 1817" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[2008,2593,1418,1447]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="setosus" subSpecies="setosus">T. s. setosusDesmarest, 1817 — EBrazil,</taxonomicName>
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coastalBahiaandEspiritoSantostates, andEMinasGeraisState.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAC85DD65FA0F9B6" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3FAC85DD65CDEFA6C" authority="Lund, 1839" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[1396,1727,1503,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="setosus" subSpecies="elegans">T. s. elegans Lund, 1839</taxonomicName>
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— SE Brazil, interior SE Minas Gerais and N Rio de Janeiro states.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACC5E2C52D3F5D3" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACC5E2C52D3F5D3" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FACC5E2C5C07F9D2" bold="true" box="[1392,1638,1573,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 180-226 mm,tail 168-230 mm; weight 113-235 g. Dorsum of the Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat varies from brownish olive to cinnamon, gradually changing to olive or pale cinnamon on sides and outer thighs, and contrasting with white venter. Tail is slightly longer than head-body length;it is bicolored, brownish above and white below, and terminates in conspicuous whitish or cinnamon hairy pencil at its tip. In northernmost part ofits distribution, individuals tend to have very spiny appearance, but those in more southerly localities have softer pelage. Aristiform hairs on mid-dorsum are long (17-22 mm), wide in sefosus (mean 1-1 mm) but narrowerin elegans (mean 0-7 mm). Setiform hairs on mid-dorsum are gray basally, gradually blackening to tips but interrupted by middle cinnamon zone. Skull is large (average length 51-3 mm) and lacks conspicuous ridges. Incisive foramina are lyreshaped, long, and narrow (length averages c.44% of diastema), usually lacking conspicuous constriction at posterior end; septum is complete, with elongated premaxillary part that touches maxillary part, which is reduced to a small process. Post-orbital processes of zygoma are well developed, markedly spiniform but slender, and formed only by jugal. Auditory bullae are large and inflated. Upper premolars have two counterfolds; upper molars have 1-3 counterfolds. Bacular morphology varies within and between subspecies. Baculum of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE7FFD3FA6750CB5C4CF777" box="[1499,1581,2242,2275]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setosus">setosus</taxonomicName>
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may have dorso-ventrally curved shaft on proximal one-third, with lateral indentation near middle, broadening near proximal end and around tip, with concave distal end without either median depression or apical wings; others have narrow shaft that lacks any curvature or lateral indentations, rounded proximal end, and thin and concave distal end. In elegans, shaftis straight with any curvature or lateral indentations and has straight proximal end withoutlateral expansions and distal end without median depression or wings. Karyotype is variable, with differences apportioned between the two subspecies: sefosus is characterized by 2n = 56, FN = 108 and elegans by 2n = 56, FN = 104. X-chromosome in both subspecies is large acrocentric, and Y-chromosome is also acrocentric but one of the smallest elements in the complement.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACA525C5DFFF571" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACA525C5DFFF571" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FACA525C5F84F5FA" bold="true" box="[1398,1509,2645,2670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Atlantic Forest in coastal evergreen forests to interior, semideciduous forests at southern margins of Cerrado ecoregion and nearly always near water bodies. The Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat is reportedly a good swimmer and is known to construct nests in grass along lake margins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACB52E352E4F4A7" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACB52E352E4F4A7" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FACB52E35C1CF49F" bold="true" box="[1399,1661,2794,2827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Elegantspined Atlantic Spiny-rat is primarily frugivorous, but it also opportunistically feeds on both insects and seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACB53305233F46D" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACB53305233F46D" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FACB53305F9FF4CE" bold="true" box="[1399,1534,2873,2906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In coastal forests of Bahia State, a single female Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat captured in January gave birth to two young, weighing 27-8 g at birth; youngof-the-year have been captured in January-May, suggesting that breeding continues at least throughout those months. Breeding in semideciduous, interior forests is yearround, with peaks in mid-dry and mid-rainy seasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FACB540B5308F3D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FACB540B5308F3D2" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FACB540B5C04F38B" bold="true" box="[1399,1637,3074,3103]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat is presumed to be primarily nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FAC554455C2CF30C" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAC554455C2CF30C" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FAC554455221F3F9" bold="true" box="[1401,2112,3148,3181]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FAC55496520CF2A7" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAC55496520CF2A7" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FAC554965CBBF328" bold="true" box="[1401,1754,3231,3260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat has a wide distribution;it is locally abundant across a variety of habitats from savanna edge to forests. There are no known major conservation threats, and it occurs in multiple protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE7FFD3FAC755485366F217" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE7FFD3FAC755485366F217" blockId="10.[1392,2605,1464,3459]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE7FFD3FAC755485C72F2CE" bold="true" box="[1403,1555,3393,3418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Brants (1827), Desmarest (1817), da Fonseca & Kierulff (1989), Lichtenstein (1820, 1830), Moojen (1948, 1952b), Pessoa, Tavares, de Oliveira & Patton (2015), Wagner (1843).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |