193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="077F7795B6AF43BA117E9B35201CF675" ID-CLB-Dataset="67690" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6623649" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5be7e52f-9b9c-4c03-99ed-f346bbcde1d0" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623649" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654607780702" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03C5A071FFCBFFFFFFD759A85A8AF32A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Echimyidae_0552.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Diplomys labilis Bangs 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="590" masterDocId="FFFCD809FFEDFFD9FFBC58095A61FF94" masterDocTitle="Echimyidae" masterLastPageNumber="604" masterPageNumber="552" pageNumber="590" updateTime="1699339014676" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="2CA15DAA6D022058DEFEF5A0ACC20872" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5E67B9108B9FA883EB383CE581AB3A1A">
|
||
<mods:title id="1B211ADFC7A69BE334785E5C2B7F0C09">Echimyidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E9DED715005D6A0AFB6FC4AA753CCF8F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3C80F819213C579D9D6AFE775A1AD55A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="66209353402DB27032EF36F367EA50B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4E7BA57FC391EDC325A63652449BF141">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="217816987BE6BB12AA9A6DC7EDDDE41D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="57ECE66E850D9713D053C7A8760A44D7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1D47CC3E739ACDD69A5691CB75D205AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="43C0C4F2CAA3AC3575EEDD3A2652FDD9">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AF2724DDF7006FEA2E6A1BD71B961C0E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5C89C30514F58B13692E998FE3A5B24C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F32FBD6295A2FAF39C30AC2662966FBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="19BC26A871CDC52863D219CEA064E449">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A064A76DF7D129BC1733440FE16358E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="EF8DBDD46ACDBBBE7C5119A54E935F08" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="1046D00A995B5D4A87B4AF622747B8C2">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="1270B7364A690F27256AA54671C3221A">2016</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="8A84C1B9DF039F70238B2A4664D413FC" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="5F436CC7D02085E4789C867B508ACFD4">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="25D73ED0BFC4A7D14A7390BCA082E270">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="D9153D33AD0450C24C8559CCAE81D3F3">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CEFA712D7ACF685646B6A4AC8043E9DC">
|
||
<mods:title id="6D91D1166177D0EED81978B737BAB776">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="46CEAC3C1358E61BD33A378BF128B82C">
|
||
<mods:extent id="F119690E553744F7E3CE25FE06C956A0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="289AFE528B1863CE87FF448D3602927A">552</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="8373119F42AB01CAC99DA90AEE42EE41">604</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="49780E5C14A222818DEF4878260A6DCF">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CE28D9ED4E741C9CC4EE45606ECB351E" type="CLB-Dataset">67690</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="01DC02E2B6743DF33B216401A48FC685" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6623649</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CD806A45643EAAD2536A3B2C82A1F69E" type="GBIF-Dataset">5be7e52f-9b9c-4c03-99ed-f346bbcde1d0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="32476F5D17CD694C787715BC9AA06B71" type="ISBN">978-84-941892-3-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="15279783B1DCFCCCA7AA3DDDA7B1E3A2" type="Zenodo-Dep">6623649</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C5A071FFCBFFFFFFD759A85A8AF32A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624679" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624679" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFCBFFFFFFD759A85A8AF32A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFCBFFFFFFD759A85A8AF32A" lastPageNumber="590" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFD759A85AC5FE5B" box="[107,164,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFD759A85AC5FE5B" blockId="38.[105,1265,417,543]" box="[107,164,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFCBFFFFFFD759A85AC5FE5B" box="[107,164,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFCBFFFFFFD759A85AC5FE5B" box="[107,164,417,463]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">71.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFF0A59A8591AFE5B" box="[182,891,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFF0A59A8591AFE5B" blockId="38.[105,1265,417,543]" box="[182,891,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFCBFFFFFF0A59A8591AFE5B" box="[182,891,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFF0A59A8591AFE5B" box="[182,891,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Central American Rufous Tree-rat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFC0259A85EB2FE5B" box="[958,1235,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFC0259A85EB2FE5B" blockId="38.[105,1265,417,543]" box="[958,1235,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFCBFFFFFC0259A85EB2FE5B" box="[958,1235,417,463]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFC0259A85EB2FE5B" ID-CoL="36M6J" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1901" box="[958,1235,417,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFC0259A85EB2FE5B" box="[958,1235,417,463]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Diplomys labilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFD659E85945FD8A" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFD659E85E91FE62" blockId="38.[105,1265,417,543]" box="[106,1264,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFCBFFFFFFD659E85E91FE62" box="[106,1264,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFD659E85AD7FE62" bold="true" box="[106,182,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFF7C59E85BCAFE62" box="[192,427,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Rat-épineux du Panama</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFE7C59E8587BFE62" bold="true" box="[448,538,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFD9959E85948FE62" box="[549,809,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Panama-Baumstachelratte</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFC8259E859F8FE62" bold="true" box="[830,921,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFC1F59E85E91FE62" box="[931,1264,481,502]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Rata arboricola de Centroamérica</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFD65A005945FD8A" blockId="38.[105,1265,417,543]" box="[106,804,521,542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFCBFFFFFFD65A005945FD8A" box="[106,804,521,542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFD65A005B00FD8A" bold="true" box="[106,353,521,542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFED05A0058E0FD8A" box="[364,641,521,542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Rufous Soft-furred Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFCBFFFFFD2C5A005945FD8A" box="[656,804,521,542]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Rufous Tree-rat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFD725A435F7DFDFF" box="[718,1308,586,619]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFD725A435F7DFDFF" blockId="38.[718,1312,586,1013]" box="[718,1308,586,619]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFD725A435908FDFF" bold="true" box="[718,873,586,619]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFCC35A435F76FDFF" authority="Bangs, 1901" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1901" box="[895,1303,586,619]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Loncheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labilis">Loncheres labilis Bangs, 1901</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFD6C5A7B59A6FD2E" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFD6C5A7B59A6FD2E" blockId="38.[718,1312,586,1013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFCBFFFFFD6C5A7B59A6FD2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303344" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">“San Miguel Island, [Archipiélago de las Perlas], Panama.”</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFD735AC95924FCEB" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFD735AC95924FCEB" blockId="38.[718,1312,586,1013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFD735AC959FDFD75" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1901" box="[719,924,704,737]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labilis">Diplomys labilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been variously placed in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFC2B5AE2599FFC9C" authorityName="G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1809" box="[919,1022,747,776]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Echimys</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFB935AE25ECAFC9C" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1839" box="[1071,1195,747,776]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Phyllomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
by early authors; O. Thomas in 1916 was the first to assign it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFC315B3F5E63FCC3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[909,1026,822,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diplomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFD6C5B8C5988FBD1" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="DF1341EFFFCBFFFFFD6C5B8C5988FBD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623830/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" startId="38.[108,132,1020,1053]" targetBox="[107,696,595,1007]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFD6C5B8C5E01FC32" blockId="38.[718,1312,586,1013]" box="[720,1120,901,934]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFD6C5B8C5E01FC32" bold="true" box="[720,1120,901,934]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFD6C5BAD5E53FC61" blockId="38.[718,1312,586,1013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFD6C5BAD5E45FC5A" authority="Bangs, 1901" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1901" box="[720,1060,932,974]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labilis">D. I. labilis Bangs, 1901</taxonomicName>
|
||
— San Miguel I, Pearl Is (off SC Panama).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFD05BF55988FBD1" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFFD05BF55861FB89" authority="Goldman, 1912" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1912" box="[108,512,1020,1053]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="labilis" subSpecies="darlingi">D. l. darlingi Goldman, 1912</taxonomicName>
|
||
— from C Panama to the Choco and Antioquia departments of W Colombia and S along Pacific coast to NW Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFD05C425BCBF898" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFD05C425BCBF898" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFD05C425B17FBF8" bold="true" box="[108,374,1099,1132]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 340 mm, tail 200 mm; weight up to 492 g. The Central American Rufous Tree-rat is larger than the Colombian Rufous Tree-rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFFC65C935B7EFB2F" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[122,287,1178,1211]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caniceps">D. caniceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Its fur is stiff but soft, without bristles or spines. Upper parts are ocherous buff to bright rusty, with some black-tipped hairs. Face has grayish mask. Vibrissae are streaked at bases by distinctive white vertical stripes. Whitish stripe of hairs is present around edge of pinnae and behind ears. Ears are otherwise dark, rounded, and short, divided by large anterior lobe and smaller posterior lobe, edged by small fringe of longer hairs. Vibrissae are long, extending toward shoulders. Ventral colors are quite variable, ranging from dark to pale rufous. Face is marked with small pale spots above eyes, contrasting a black eye ring. Tail is robust, 70-100% of head-body length, unicolored brownish, and covered by short hairs that become longer toward tip. The Central American Rufous Tree-rat has distinct short tuft of hair at tip of tail. Like in the Colombian Rufous Tree-rat,tail scales are not visible beneath hair cover. Hindfeet and front feet are silvery gray above. Skull and teeth of the Central American Rufous Tree-rat are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFB965E7A5EC3F900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1916" box="[1066,1186,1651,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Diplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diplomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with three major differences compared with the Colombian Rufous Tree-rat: narrower palate, premaxilla sometimes extending anteriorly beyond the nasals, and tooth rows that are parallel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCC5F195E56F7F9" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCC5F195E56F7F9" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCC5F195A81F8A5" bold="true" box="[112,224,1808,1841]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Evergreen and deciduous forests, mangroves, cultivated plantations, and second-growth forests at elevations of 300-1500 m. The arboreal Central American Rufous Tree-rat occurs in lowland primary and secondary rainforests of north-western Colombia, southern Panama and northern Ecuador. A study of ectoparasites based on 77 captured specimens indicated preference for disturbed forests near agricultural plots of corn, yucca, coffee, and citrus fruits. It was mainly captured in trees preserved to provide shade for crops. All individuals were obtained from tree holes well above the ground and in trees mainly near rivers and covered with epiphytes that otherwise housed a large arboreal mammal community.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCD507A5B1EF771" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCD507A5B1EF771" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCD507A5B1CF700" bold="true" box="[113,381,2163,2196]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Captive Central America Rufous Tree-rats in Panama have been reported to feed on leaves, seeds, and fruits, thus suggesting a generalized frugivorous and folivorous diet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCE50E059DFF63C" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCE50E059DFF63C" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCE50E05A99F69E" bold="true" box="[114,248,2281,2314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Central American Rufous Tree-rats give birth to precocial large, fully haired, and well-developed young of 30-40 g. One female was found with a near term fetus, weighting 59-5 g, or 12% of her 492g body weight. Pregnant females have been collected in January, March-May, August-September, and November. Recorded litter sizes are 1-2 young (mean 1-2). Nests are built in tree holes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCD51BB5E83F662" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCD51BB5E83F662" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCD51BB5B3FF65B" bold="true" box="[113,350,2482,2511]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Central American Rufous Tree-ratis strictly nocturnal. During the day, individuals sleep individually or in pairs of adults in their tree hole nests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCF51F45B3BF4CF" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCF51F45B3BF4CF" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCF51F45934F58A" bold="true" box="[115,853,2557,2590]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Central American Rufous Tree-rat has been reported to move slowly and avoid detection by remaining motionless for long time periods. Itis an agile climber. Local people comment that individuals may stick out their heads from their tree holes when disturbed. Central American Rufous Tree-rats have been reported to live in pairs that might travel and forage together at night. Captive individuals have been reported to be very aggressive, especially compared with their more gentle terrestrial and sympatric echimyid relatives,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFFCA531D5A95F4A5" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[118,244,2836,2865]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Hoplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hoplomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFCBFFFFFE82531D5BAAF4A5" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" box="[318,459,2836,2865]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proechimys</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Central American Rufous Tree-rats emit high-pitched calls when disturbed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFC953565948F38A" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFC953565948F38A" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFC953565BB4F414" bold="true" box="[117,469,2911,2944]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Parasitological surveys in Panama suggest that the Central American Rufous Tree-rat is abundant near disturbed habitat. Because much of its distribution has been logged, additional ecological studies of the Central American Rufous Tree-rat are needed because of its rarity in collections and lack offield studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFCBFFFFFFCB54385A8AF32A" pageId="38" pageNumber="590" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFCBFFFFFFCB54385A8AF32A" blockId="38.[108,1321,1020,3262]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFCBFFFFFFCB54385B73F3D2" bold="true" box="[119,274,3121,3142]" pageId="38" pageNumber="590">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alberico et al. (2000), Allen (1916b), Bangs (1901), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons (1990, 1997a, 2005), Goldman (1912a, 1912b), Hall (1981), Handley (1966), Méndez (1967), Patton et al. (2015), Paynter (1993), Tesh (1970), Thomas (1916a, 1916b), Tirira (2007), Trouessart (1904), Woods (1993), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |