181 lines
19 KiB
XML
181 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CC1C5E8F033B0335ACF4718129E39BC6">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7097CDCEB2C49F17FD63CE681CF93442">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EC182D619A53E56694502B903E99016">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52FA04CCD7DB2BE18A2FD33A3E10EB3A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="967D6008CB43BE9080BC83602A78C670">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="0624FBA5E4D7447F129D569F811191AC" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="2E0E531E3FDB2B6C781AC43BF40AC611">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="F19E182E80A8A9CF08E88F0758125889">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="D46BBC9C955045BCED80AA3B129CC9BD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C5A071FFC5FFF0FAE2535359D2F9FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFC5FFF0FAE2535359D2F9FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFC5FFF0FAE2535359D2F9FB" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FAE253535FF6F410" box="[1374,1431,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FAE253535FF6F410" blockId="40.[1371,2244,2906,3026]" box="[1374,1431,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFC5FFF1FAE253535FF6F410" box="[1374,1431,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFC5FFF1FAE253535FF6F410" box="[1374,1431,2906,2948]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">79.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FA1B53535CAFF410" box="[1447,1742,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FA1B53535CAFF410" blockId="40.[1371,2244,2906,3026]" box="[1447,1742,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFC5FFF1FA1B53535CAFF410" box="[1447,1742,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1FA1B53535CAFF410" box="[1447,1742,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Peruvian Toro</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1F8A653535210F410" box="[1818,2161,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1F8A653535210F410" blockId="40.[1371,2244,2906,3026]" box="[1818,2161,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFC5FFF1F8A653535210F410" box="[1818,2161,2906,2948]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1F8A653535210F410" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1818,2161,2906,2948]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipidurus">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1F8A653535210F410" box="[1818,2161,2906,2948]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Toromys rhipidurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FAE1539C526EF446" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FAE1539C52A2F43E" blockId="40.[1371,2244,2906,3026]" box="[1373,2243,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFC5FFF1FAE1539C52A2F43E" box="[1373,2243,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1FAE1539C5FC9F43E" bold="true" box="[1373,1448,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1FA11539C5C00F43E" box="[1453,1633,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Toromys du Pérou</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1F9CA539C5CB0F43E" bold="true" box="[1654,1745,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1F967539C5D05F43E" box="[1755,1892,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Peru-Tororatte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1F8C5539C5DB5F43E" bold="true" box="[1913,2004,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1F862539C52A2F43E" box="[2014,2243,2965,2986]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Rata arboricola de Peru</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FAE053B4526EF446" blockId="40.[1371,2244,2906,3026]" box="[1372,2063,3005,3026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFC5FFF1FAE053B4526EF446" box="[1372,2063,3005,3026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1FAE053B45C32F446" bold="true" box="[1372,1619,3005,3026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1F9E153B45D3EF446" box="[1629,1887,3005,3026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Peruvian Armored Tree-rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFC5FFF1F8D153B4526EF446" box="[1901,2063,3005,3026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Peruvian Tree-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FAE0540E5DACF3B4" box="[1372,1997,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FAE0540E5DACF3B4" blockId="40.[1371,2577,3075,3464]" box="[1372,1997,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1FAE0540E5F96F3B4" bold="true" box="[1372,1527,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1F9BE540E5DA8F3B4" ID-CoL="38FMY" authority="Thomas, 1928" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1928" box="[1538,1993,3079,3104]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipidurus">Echimys rhipidurus Thomas, 1928</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1F865540E53BCF3B4" box="[2009,2525,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1F865540E53BCF3B4" blockId="40.[1371,2577,3075,3464]" box="[2009,2525,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFC5FFF1F865540E53B8F3B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303359" box="[2009,2521,3079,3104]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">“Pebas, 300° [= 92 m],” Loreto, Peru</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FADC542C5FC5F3E4" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FADC542C5FC5F3E4" blockId="40.[1371,2577,3075,3464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1FADC542C5C37F3D2" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1376,1622,3109,3142]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipidurus">Toromys rhipidurus</taxonomicName>
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was formerly classified in the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1F7CE542C52B8F3D2" authorityName="G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1809" box="[2162,2265,3109,3142]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Echimys</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1F699542C53C2F3D2" authorityName="Husson" authorityYear="1978" box="[2341,2467,3109,3142]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Makalata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Makalata</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF1FAE0547D53EAF301" box="[1372,2443,3188,3221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFC5FFF1FAE0547D53EAF301" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623858" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623858" box="[1372,2443,3188,3221]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623858/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" startId="40.[1372,1544,3188,3221]" targetBox="[206,797,278,692]" targetPageId="41">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF1FAE0547D53EAF301" blockId="40.[1371,2577,3075,3464]" box="[1372,2443,3188,3221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1FAE0547D5C6DF301" bold="true" box="[1372,1548,3188,3221]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W Amazonia in Peru. An unconfirmed record from E Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC5FFF0FAE0549559B2FB01" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC5FFF0FAE0549559B2FB01" blockId="40.[1371,2577,3075,3464]" lastBlockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC5FFF1FAE054955C3EF329" bold="true" box="[1372,1631,3228,3261]" pageId="40" pageNumber="592">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 210-260 mm, tail 180-215 mm; weight 315 g. The Peruvian Toro is the smallest species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC5FFF1F81354CA5274F370" authorityName="Iack-Ximenes, De Vivo & Percequillo" authorityYear="2005" box="[1967,2069,3267,3300]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="40" pageNumber="592" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Toromys</taxonomicName>
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. Dorsum and flanks have uniform blending of reddish and yellowish brown pelt, abundantly streaked with black hairs. Forequarters and head are grayish or yellowish and slightly contrast with dorsum. Dorsal pelt is glossy and mix of narrow, flexible, and stiff bristles (aristiforms and setiforms), with tips drawn out into hair-like processes. These sharp and flat bristles are lacking from flank and side of body. Rump is sometimes lightly sprinkled with few white speckles and white tipped spines, but it usually lacks white or pale tip spines as seen on species of Pattonomys. Venter is yellowish gold, sometimes with median yellowish gold midline and bicolored hairs, light brown at bases, and golden or yellow at tips. Robust tail is 7095% of head—body length. Tail is covered with short reddish and yellowish brown hairs on first 35 mm ofits length, and glossy black dark brown or grayish bristly hairs subsequently cover it, and tail scales are visible. Hindfeet are short and broad and have stout claws. Dorsal surfaces of forefeet and hindfeet are dark brown or black and sprinkled with gold bicolored hairs. There are two pairs of lateral mammae. Ventral surface of tail base and thighs are bright rust-red to dull. Dorsal surfaces of forefeet, hindfeet, and limbs are rusty or reddish compared with dorsum. Plantar and palmar surfaces between pads are covered with tubercular rugosities. Rounded ears are small and naked. Crania of the Peruvian Toro is similar to that of the Black Toro (1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFC4FFF0FEEF5C0E5BDAFBB4" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[339,443,1031,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">grandis</taxonomicName>
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), differing by its smaller size, broader rostrum, shorter tooth rows, less inflated and smaller auditory bulla, narrower zygomatic arches, smaller basicranium, and wider incisor blade. Additionally, the Peruvian Toro has a petrosal wedge separating the auditory meatus from squamosal bone.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735CA95EB0FB29" box="[207,1233,1184,1213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735CA95EB0FB29" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" box="[207,1233,1184,1213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735CA95B5CFB29" bold="true" box="[207,317,1184,1213]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[Lowland riverine rainforests at elevations from c. 90 m to 160 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735CCA588BFA9F" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735CCA588BFA9F" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735CCA5BB7FB70" bold="true" box="[207,470,1219,1252]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but the Peruvian Toro is reportedly folivorous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735D1B5E72FAA7" box="[207,1043,1298,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735D1B5E72FAA7" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" box="[207,1043,1298,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735D1B5B35FAA7" bold="true" box="[207,340,1298,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF715D335EDBFACF" box="[205,1210,1338,1371]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF715D335EDBFACF" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" box="[205,1210,1338,1371]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF715D335BD9FACF" bold="true" box="[205,440,1338,1371]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Thereis specific information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735D6C5E69FA3D" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735D6C5E69FA3D" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735D6C59FFFA16" bold="true" box="[207,926,1381,1410]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Peruvian Toro is arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735DB95822F98B" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735DB95822F98B" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735DB9584BFA45" bold="true" box="[207,554,1456,1489]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Additional studies on distribution, habitat, ecology, abundance, and conservation threats to the Peruvian Toro are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFC4FFF0FF735E2659D2F9FB" pageId="41" pageNumber="593" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFC4FFF0FF735E2659D2F9FB" blockId="41.[205,1414,707,1647]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFC4FFF0FF735E265B06F9DC" bold="true" box="[207,359,1583,1608]" pageId="41" pageNumber="593">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Emmons (1990, 1997a, 2005), Emmons, Leite & Patton (2015b, 2015d), Sanborn (1949), Thomas (1928b), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |