plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/B4/87/03B487DF1222A77EF99C6C9DABCAB5A8.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

320 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="9C36BDD51A72053E6CB4C2DFF5D5370C" ID-CLB-Dataset="5247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4948908" ID-ZooBank="11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702158138" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Meesters, Erik H. W. G. &amp; Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2014" docId="03B487DF1222A77EF99C6C9DABCAB5A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03878p443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3878 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plakinastrella stinapa Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="406" masterDocId="FF8DFFA71226A77BF90B6821AB2FB758" masterDocTitle="Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="405" updateTime="1699015317828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="0F3883FAD7ECB61CD82AD6064AF075E1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B6282716B39BA2C51F381228E41AAC3E">
<mods:title id="6C27CCF3FC69A29B44ECB4F30AE80D8A">Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="99762876AAFDEE5851B818E6F69C26D3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="26064B9C7465334F6071A02903988888">
<mods:roleTerm id="08A06486FAC7F486C8845B46EB2EE118">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C0AC9BE882240EC54A04844169895CAA">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FFE41148788504F04B81D09BFCAFB254">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="687E3FE0F23C522E8CD78F2E0CCC2390" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8B91ED1CF3FE5FC22D4E80FFDB49D6D8">
<mods:roleTerm id="42C31FFB0603E49986CA5E6B0B63629E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="178D86CE147264E72AE4044F74421210">Meesters, Erik H. W. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A99C1F2412CE4066421E570D31BF6966">Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="ED11E9CF311F3E01A8A003949665B392" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A8BFF361B308CC06671A68C0B653EFA4">
<mods:roleTerm id="D395FF88A2203C2B91C91DCAC0034839">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4FDCB41BA6191AFC2AAFBC983D375BB6">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="09F436D846A5627C5F88D10FA3790040">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl &amp; University of California Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management (ESPM), 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 3114, USA. E-mail: lebecking @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AFBACF0DBC23B01D5F0610DA50E8DA98">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0CC242B53D74D6480C5349322F5D1360" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="970854D36A941A1E0B03C299BD0DB266">
<mods:title id="DED400F00CC82E32F8CA34A62730ABF7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="63DFCE25E68A835D2DC3C63F785F7863">
<mods:date id="C903DA18B67DD8F5070D00E399AC222B">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7EFE0AB0E20C0DF593080FF80AA01381" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C61A2B90759214F971821F1BC1A69018">2014-10-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="55B39A904916950DDD972D009B9DB46E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0FFE8CB7220531AB2211325E1E7D0801">3878</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E77DE3779B7CAC772C910EDB18562C29" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8308003C77F913938ED2481FD124F581">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="3C5F0270C09BF78800BC49621B264A15" unit="page">
<mods:start id="CC96629BBF36343661337C1E8ABF72C4">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="58EBEB4971E7303A46BF44C984112A90">443</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="99C8A6B88FFB96BA6C8BA8B499D39AC1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="84FB76A499437792AB522477EE199F17" type="CLB-Dataset">5247</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B79B19BB2296A47B92B0484E307217C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA244FA74033C8449E6763CD6EAD18E2" type="GBIF-Dataset">5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="746DE65653B75338A8D8CE91D27EBB47" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4ED7F251ECE6A4A7AA4169C84C2BBF0B" type="Zenodo-Dep">4948908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="66A7B3121388940479C169B592C31C0C" type="ZooBank">11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B487DF1222A77EF99C6C9DABCAB5A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949098" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183823260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949098" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487DF1222A77EF99C6C9DABCAB5A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487DF1222A77EF99C6C9DABCAB5A8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<subSubSection id="C30765421222A77FF99C6C9DA919B38E" box="[151,566,1212,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF99C6C9DA919B38E" blockId="4.[151,566,1212,1271]" box="[151,566,1212,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<heading id="D0EA81A51222A77FF99C6C9DA919B38E" bold="true" box="[151,566,1212,1238]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF99C6C9DA919B38E" bold="true" box="[151,566,1212,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1222A77FF99C6C9DAAB0B38E" ID-CoL="4JHZH" authority="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking, 2014" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Meesters &amp; Becking" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,415,1212,1238]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stinapa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF99C6C9DAAB0B38E" bold="true" box="[151,415,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Plakinastrella stinapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A57A01222A77FF8AC6C9DA919B38E" box="[423,566,1212,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421222A77FF99C6CFFAA45B3AF" box="[151,362,1246,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF99C6CFFAA45B3AF" blockId="4.[151,566,1212,1271]" box="[151,362,1246,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF99C6CFFAA05B3AF" box="[151,298,1246,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-353@5.[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, a. habit of holotype in situ on limestone rockwall W of Bonaire, b. preserved fragments, c. light microscope image of surface skeleton, d. light microscope overview of the spicule complement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figures 2a–e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF83E6CFFAA45B3AF" box="[309,362,1246,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-113@6.[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, SEM images of the spicules, a. overview, b. calthrops, c. large diods, d. small diods, d1. enlarged small diod, e. triods, e1. enlarged triod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">3a–e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421222A77FF99C6D07AA8AB2DF" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF99C6D07AA8AB2DF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF99C6D07AAABB266" box="[151,388,1318,1343]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF99C6D07AA52B267" bold="true" box="[151,381,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B753C941222A77FF8856D07AA8AB2DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3328559317" collectingDate="2013-05-31" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="L. E. Becking &amp; E. Meesters" country="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" elevation="242" latitude="12.08" location="Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-68.2938" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" specimenCode="BDR049" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A6886B1222A77FF8856D07AAD4B267" box="[398,507,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE0C1222A77FFB026D06A972B266" box="[521,605,1319,1342]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26E8531F1222A77FFB636D06A9BAB266" box="[616,661,1319,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Por.</collectorName>
9252,
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591222A77FFBE26D07AF74B267" box="[745,1115,1318,1343]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Caribbean Netherlands, Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, locality ‘
<collectorName id="26E8531F1222A77FFDC66D07AE06B267" box="[1229,1321,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Cargill’</collectorName>
(Dive 4),
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1222A77FF99C6D6BABDAB23B" box="[151,245,1354,1379]" degrees="12.08" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" precision="555" value="12.08">12.08°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE29500E1222A77FF9F46D6BAA50B23B" box="[255,383,1354,1379]" degrees="68.2938" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" precision="5" value="-68.2938">68.2938°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FF8DD6D6BA90EB23A" box="[470,545,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="242.0">
<elevation id="0030D1FA1222A77FF8DD6D6BA90EB23A" box="[470,545,1354,1379]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="m" value="242.0">242 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on a limestone rockwall, coll.
<collectorName id="26E8531F1222A77FFA9B6D6AAF08B23B" box="[912,1063,1354,1379]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">L.E. Becking</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E8531F1222A77FFD5B6D6AAFF5B23A" box="[1104,1242,1355,1378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">E. Meesters</collectorName>
, field nr. BON4/
<specimenCode id="DBBB9EB21222A77FF99C6D4FABD2B2DF" box="[151,253,1390,1415]" collectionCode="BDR" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">BDR049</specimenCode>
,
<date id="FFA310091222A77FF8036D4FAA8DB2DF" box="[264,418,1390,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2013-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9E11222A77FF8036D4FAA8DB2DF" box="[264,418,1390,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" value="2013-05-31">31 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421222A77FF9CC6DB3A822B0FB" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6DB3AEBAB2AB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6DB3AA77B2F3" bold="true" box="[199,344,1426,1451]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
Encrusting (
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FF8FE6DB3A960B2F2" box="[501,591,1426,1451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
thick) with 30–35 slightly elevated oscules scattered over the smooth surface. In situ size approximately 15 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFB536D97A98FB296" box="[600,672,1462,1487]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
, of which 7 small fragments were collected the largest of which is 5 x 2.5 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FF9E06DFBAA0DB2AA" box="[235,290,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF83A6DFBAA8CB2AB" box="[305,419,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-353@5.[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, a. habit of holotype in situ on limestone rockwall W of Bonaire, b. preserved fragments, c. light microscope image of surface skeleton, d. light microscope overview of the spicule complement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Figs. 2a,b</figureCitation>
). Color green-grey alive, chocolate-brown in preservation. Consistency firm and crumbly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6DDFAF2BB1FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6DDFAA1BB14E" box="[199,308,1534,1559]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6DDFAA02B14F" bold="true" box="[199,301,1534,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Skeleton</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
A dense mass of diods and triods arranged around the aquiferous system. At the surface the skeleton is alveolar consisting of rounded meshes of approximately
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFA4C6E03A893B163" box="[839,956,1570,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 µm</quantity>
diameter surrounded by a dense mass of small diods (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF82E6E67AA58B107" box="[293,375,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-353@5.[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, a. habit of holotype in situ on limestone rockwall W of Bonaire, b. preserved fragments, c. light microscope image of surface skeleton, d. light microscope overview of the spicule complement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
). Choanosome densely packed with bundles of diods mixed with triods and calthrops, the latter of which carry the tangential crust. There are some small subdermal cavities. In the overall spiculation diods dominate, but there is a relatively large proportion of large calthrops (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FFAA86EAFA8D8B1FF" box="[931,1015,1678,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-353@5.[151,1436,831,1738]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, a. habit of holotype in situ on limestone rockwall W of Bonaire, b. preserved fragments, c. light microscope image of surface skeleton, d. light microscope overview of the spicule complement." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6E93A96BB193" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" box="[199,580,1714,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6E93AA1FB192" box="[199,304,1714,1739]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6E93AA06B193" bold="true" box="[199,297,1714,1739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Spicules</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Calthrops, diods, triods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6EF7A8B9B04B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Calthrops (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF84C6EF7AA93B1B7" box="[327,444,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-113@6.[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, SEM images of the spicules, a. overview, b. calthrops, c. large diods, d. small diods, d1. enlarged small diod, e. triods, e1. enlarged triod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 3a, b</figureCitation>
) are abundant and large, 200–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFA2F6EF7A861B1B7" box="[804,846,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">457</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFA576EF7A899B1B7" box="[860,950,1750,1775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 µm</quantity>
in overall diameter of the cladome, with actines 110–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF8286EDBAA62B04B" box="[291,333,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">299</emphasis>
–500 x 15–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF8C06EDBAAC8B04B" box="[459,487,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">35</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FF8FE6EDBA911B04B" box="[501,574,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
, usually slightly inequiactinal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6F3FAFF9B003" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Diods centrotylote, some crooked in the middle, arbitrarily divisible in two size classes (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FFDB76F3FAE02B06F" box="[1212,1325,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-113@6.[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, SEM images of the spicules, a. overview, b. calthrops, c. large diods, d. small diods, d1. enlarged small diod, e. triods, e1. enlarged triod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 3c, d</figureCitation>
): smaller, generally angularly curved, 20–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF8F06F63A938B003" box="[507,535,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">36</emphasis>
–72 x 1.5–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFB856F63A990B003" box="[654,703,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">2.65</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFBC56F63A831B003" box="[718,798,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 µm</quantity>
, and larger, 75–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFADA6F63A8D4B003" box="[977,1019,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">123</emphasis>
–170 x 3–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFD606F63AF56B003" box="[1131,1145,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">8</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFD836F63AFFDB003" box="[1160,1234,1858,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6F47A822B0FB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
Triods (
<figureCitation id="13262A4C1222A77FF8156F47AA41B027" box="[286,366,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1447,1469]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-113@6.[151,1436,193,1422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakinastrella stinapa n. sp., holotype RMNH Por. 9252, SEM images of the spicules, a. overview, b. calthrops, c. large diods, d. small diods, d1. enlarged small diod, e. triods, e1. enlarged triod." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4948916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4948916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
) 15–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF8AC6F47AAECB027" box="[423,451,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">68</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FF8D96F47A908B027" box="[466,551,1894,1919]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 µm</quantity>
in overall diameter of the cladome, with conical actines 5–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFDB76F47AFF7B027" box="[1212,1240,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">35</emphasis>
–70 x 2.5–
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FFC446F47AE5DB027" box="[1359,1394,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">4.5</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1222A77FFC8A6F47AB91B0FB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
, either equiactinal or with one relatively long actine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421222A77FF9CC6F8FABD8B0B3" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91222A77FF9CC6F8FABD8B0B3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1318,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1222A77FF9CC6F8FAAD2B09F" bold="true" box="[199,509,1966,1991]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" reason="1">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
One specimen collected on carbonate rock wall in the upper dysphotic zone at
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591222A77FF99C6FF3ABDCB0B3" box="[151,243,2002,2027]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421223A77EF9CC68B6AF64B78D" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91223A77EF9CC68B6AF64B78D" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF9CC68B6AA62B7F7" box="[199,333,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF9CC68B6AA69B7E8" bold="true" box="[199,326,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Named after STINAPA (
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFB6468B6A9A1B7E8" bold="true" box="[623,654,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Sti</emphasis>
chting
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFBD768B6A9D1B7E8" bold="true" box="[732,766,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Na</emphasis>
tionale
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFA5868B6A85DB7E8" bold="true" box="[851,882,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Pa</emphasis>
rken)
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591223A77EFABE68B6AF3FB7E8" box="[949,1040,151,176]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, a non-governmental not-for-profit organization that manages and actively conserves the
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591223A77EFBFA689DA865B78D" box="[753,842,188,213]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
National Marine Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30765421223A77EF9CC68FEABCAB5A8" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA236C91223A77EF9CC68FEA902B688" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF9CC68FEAA14B7AF" box="[199,315,223,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF9CC68FEAA1BB7A0" bold="true" box="[199,308,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Of the twelve accepted species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFBC368FEA849B7A0" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[712,870,223,248]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFBC368FEA849B7A0" box="[712,870,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Plakinastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFADB68C1AFEAB7A0" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; De Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez de Glasby, B. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Schoenberg, C. &amp; Janussen, D. &amp; Tabachnick, K. R. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Picton, B. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. &amp; Cardenas, P." box="[976,1221,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref26218" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., De Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C. &amp; Cardenas, P. (2014) World Porifera database. Accessed at http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 27 June 2014)." type="url" year="2014">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFD4268C0AFADB7A0" box="[1097,1154,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
, only three species are recorded from the whole of the Central West Atlantic, including the Greater Caribbean, Carolinian and Brazilian waters. These are
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EF8C66906A85CB618" authority="Uliczka, 1929" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[461,883,295,320]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="onkodes">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF8C66906A9E1B618" box="[461,718,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Plakinastrella onkodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFBDF6906A85CB618" author="Uliczka, E." box="[724,883,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="35 - 62" refId="ref25769" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, Supplement 16, 35 - 62." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFA756908AE46B618" authority="Moraes &amp; Muricy, 2003" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2003" box="[894,1385,295,320]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microspiculifera">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFA756908AF7DB618" box="[894,1106,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. microspiculifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFD536909AE46B618" author="Moraes, F. C. &amp; Muricy, G." box="[1112,1385,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="385 - 397" refId="ref24463" refString="Moraes, F. C. &amp; Muricy, G. (2003) Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands off north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (2), 385 - 397." type="journal article" year="2003">Moraes &amp; Muricy, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EF99C696CA907B63D" authority="Domingos et al., 2013" authorityName="Domingos" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,552,332,357]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globularis">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF99C696CAA0AB63D" box="[151,293,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. globularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EF827696DA907B63D" author="Domingos, C. &amp; Moraes, F. &amp; Muricy, G." box="[300,552,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="530 - 544" refId="ref23236" refString="Domingos, C., Moraes, F. &amp; Muricy, G. (2013) Four new species of Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3718 (6), 530 - 544. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.6.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Domingos
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF8AC696CAAF0B63D" box="[423,479,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Our new species differs from all three by the relatively giant calthrops: actines up to 500 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EF83F694EAAACB6D0" box="[308,387,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
against up to 152 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFB82694EA9F7B6D0" box="[649,728,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFA0C6950A8AAB6D0" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[775,901,367,392]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="onkodes">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFA0C6950A8AAB6D0" box="[775,901,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. onkodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFACF6951AF1BB6D0" author="Zea, S." box="[964,1076,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refId="ref26709" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
) only up to 45 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFC1C694EAE77B6D0" box="[1303,1368,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFC8C6950AA60B6F5" authorityName="Moraes &amp; Muricy" authorityYear="2003" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microspiculifera">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFC8C6950AA60B6F5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. microspiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EF88C69B5AAD4B6F4" box="[391,507,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="24.0">24–53 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFB2B69B4A980B6F5" box="[544,687,404,429]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globularis">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFB2B69B4A980B6F5" box="[544,687,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. globularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species is from approximately the same depth (
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFC4C69B5AB80B697" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="130.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="90.0">90–170 m</quantity>
, off the northeast coast of
<collectingCountry id="F30A76591223A77EF8DC6996A90FB688" box="[471,544,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236C91223A77EF9CC69FDABCAB5A8" blockId="5.[151,1440,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Elsewhere, only Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFB2569FCA867B6AD" authority="Schulze, 1880" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[558,840,476,501]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFB2569FCA98EB6AC" box="[558,673,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. copiosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFBA269FDA867B6AD" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[681,840,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="407 - 451" refId="ref25394" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1880) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Neunte Mittheilung. Die Plakiniden. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 34 (2), 407 - 451." type="journal article" year="1880">Schulze, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has rather similar large calthrops, up to 320 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFC5D69FDAB92B540" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 µm</quantity>
(measurements by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EF8936A21A91CB540" author="Topsent, E." box="[408,563,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="493 - 590" refId="ref25662" refString="Topsent, E. (1895) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France. II. Carnosa. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, Series 3, 3, 493 - 590." type="journal article" year="1895">Topsent 1895</bibRefCitation>
). This species also has ‘giant’ diods up to 600–700 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFD8569DEAE2CB540" box="[1166,1283,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="30.0">30–33 µm</quantity>
, which sets it clearly apart from our new species. Its colour is indicated as white or pale yellow. Another species with the combination of giant calthrops (200–400 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFB806A66A82DB538" box="[651,770,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 µm</quantity>
) and giant diods (800–1100 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFD6C6A66AFF2B538" box="[1127,1245,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="15.0">15–40 µm</quantity>
) is Philippine
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EFC8C6A68AAC8B5DD" authority="Levi &amp; Levi, 1989" authorityName="Levi &amp; Levi" authorityYear="1989" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="polysclera">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EFC8C6A68AA23B5DD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. polysclera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EF8186A4DAAC8B5DD" author="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P." box="[275,487,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="25 - 103" refId="ref24169" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P. (1989) Spongiaires (MUSORSTOM 1 &amp; 2). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie), 143, 25 - 103." type="journal article" year="1989">Lévi &amp; Lévi, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but this has also giant triods with actines up to 900 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFD476A4DAFB6B5DC" box="[1100,1177,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
. Its colour is described as rosy-ochraceous. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D4A1223A77EF8DC6AB0A830B5F0" authority="Topsent, 1927" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" box="[471,799,655,680]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakinastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trunculifera">
<emphasis id="B969EADB1223A77EF8DC6AB0A956B5F0" box="[471,633,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">P. trunculifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B381223A77EFB8B6AB1A830B5F0" author="Topsent, E." box="[640,799,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25696" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1927">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has calthrops actines up to 190 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EFD956AAEAFC8B5F0" box="[1182,1255,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
and diods up to 455 x
<quantity id="4CE59B2C1223A77EF9EB6A95AA02B594" box="[224,301,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
, and thus differs clearly in these dimensions from our new species, while it is white-pale yellow in colour.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink