400 lines
49 KiB
XML
400 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A657DB648A6CDD136F9908812BE602DA">Biofouling hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a Tropical Eastern Pacific island, with remarks on their biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A28EE4FFA1380F65E417C826767D2AE9">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="826A7D2B057F34A4288555B1E25C1BCD">Carlton, James T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA43A69A2D18FF96CE49C52368514C65">Keith, Inti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0A0593E2A58E3FF1D169FAAB8DE0C16A">Ashton, Gail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CAA8DD60479E1485E305C9BC8B3D0F7">Larson, Kristen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0C20EE768CDA6F30FCE0A64830B7313">Ruiz, Gregory M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19F093770D2924FA27FA189041369F3E">Herrera, Esteban</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B719F366B2F75FD3F9651BC67FC36F7">Golfin, Geiner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FB98777C6FD32E23F04FFC922413FD4A">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="248AB7F16C3AD8C3FE0FE10606785C77">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="705612A140AA0AFFF74026C2F2931B57">2022-07-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="44B9BC5B1244E07A5092F4FD4A65B1DC">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BE4041BF41DE93B791FDF69B7CBFC66A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2068387</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7015846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199549852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7015846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8987FBD3143CFBC8" blockId="27.[402,914,955,1087]" box="[423,892,1025,1052]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D0FFBB4EFFC5FFAE8987FBD3143CFBC8" box="[423,892,1025,1052]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8987FBD3143CFBC8" bold="true" box="[423,892,1025,1052]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8987FBD315EBFBC8" bold="true" box="[423,683,1025,1052]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC5FFAE8A9BFBD31432FBC8" author="Nutting CC" box="[699,882,1025,1052]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref22235" refString="Nutting CC. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Inst U S Natl Mus Spec Bull. 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3125FA9FFC5FFAE8A19FBF615A9FBEB" box="[569,745,1060,1087]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8A19FBF615A9FBEB" blockId="27.[402,914,955,1087]" box="[569,745,1060,1087]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<heading id="D0FFBB4EFFC5FFAE8A19FBF615A9FBEB" box="[569,745,1060,1087]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8A19FBF615A9FBEB" bold="true" box="[569,745,1060,1087]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133310A7FFC5FFAE8A63FBF615A1FBEB" box="[579,737,1060,1087]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,1094,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-289@24.[163,1153,1093,1556]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 7. Leptothecata: Halopterididae and Aglaopheniidae. (a) Halopteris alternata: part of hydrocaulus with a hydrotheca (stippled), nematothecae and base of a cladium, #240555. (b) Halopteris alternata: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae and nematothecae, #240555. (c) Macrorhynchia philippina: part of a cladium with two hydrothecae and nematothecae, #266335. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012504/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Figure 7a, b</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3125FA9FFC5FFAE8880FB8B15B1FBA6" box="[160,753,1113,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880FB8B15B1FBA6" blockId="27.[160,753,1113,1138]" box="[160,753,1113,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB182B0CFFC5FFAE8880FB8B15B1FBA6" box="[160,753,1113,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA92A33FFC5FFAE8880FB8B150DFBA6" author="Nutting CC" box="[160,589,1113,1138]" page="62" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC5FFAE8880FB8B150DFBA6" authority="Nutting, 1900: 62" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1900" box="[160,589,1113,1138]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8880FB8B16C0FBA6" box="[160,384,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC5FFAE89A8FB8B150DFBA6" author="Nutting CC" box="[392,589,1113,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref22235" refString="Nutting CC. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Inst U S Natl Mus Spec Bull. 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900: 62</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs 1, 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3125FA9FFC5FFAE8880FB4C1479F9C7" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880FB4C1676FB6C" blockId="27.[160,1155,1182,1277]" box="[160,310,1182,1208]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8880FB4C1676FB6C" bold="true" box="[160,310,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<typeStatus id="54B3B280FFC5FFAE8880FB4C1798FB6C" box="[160,216,1182,1208]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880FB131650FB29" blockId="27.[160,1155,1182,1277]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC5FFAE8880FB131558FB0E" box="[160,536,1217,1242]" name="Bahamas" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Commonwealth of the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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: Barracuda Rocks (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC5FFAE8AD4FB1314CEFB0E" author="Nutting CC" box="[756,910,1217,1242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref22235" refString="Nutting CC. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Inst U S Natl Mus Spec Bull. 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting 1900</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 62, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC5FFAE8C2DFB131643FB29" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8C2DFB131643FB29" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880FAFB163FFA97" blockId="27.[160,1156,1321,1555]" box="[160,383,1321,1347]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8880FAFB163FFA97" bold="true" box="[160,383,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880FA9E1479F9C7" blockId="27.[160,1156,1321,1555]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
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<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8880FA9E1687FA5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616411" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8880FA9E167BFAB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8880FA9E167BFAB1" box="[160,315,1356,1381]" latitude="5.55318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" name="Chatham Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Chatham Bay</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8967FA9E16E1FAB1" box="[327,417,1356,1381]" degrees="5.55318" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="5.55318">5.55318</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE898EFA9E1566FAB1" box="[430,550,1356,1381]" degrees="87.03996" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="-87.03996">−87.03996</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 colony fragment in poor condition,
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<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFC5FFAE8BCAFA9E1301FAB1" box="[1002,1089,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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high, without gonothecae, coll
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE89E7FABD16AAFA5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616322" box="[455,490,1391,1416]" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">. G</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE89C9FABD15FDFA5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616348" box="[489,701,1391,1416]" location="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
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.
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<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE89D8FABD150BFA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE89D8FABD150BFA5C" box="[504,587,1391,1416]" name="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Ashton</location>
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, #240556
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</materialsCitation>
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. –
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<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8AF7FABD142BFA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616329" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8AF7FABD1436FA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8AF7FABD1436FA5C" box="[727,886,1391,1416]" latitude="5.55318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" name="Chatham Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Chatham Bay</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8BA4FABD149FFA5C" box="[900,991,1391,1416]" degrees="5.55318" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="5.55318">5.55318</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8BCEFABD1327FA5C" box="[1006,1127,1391,1416]" degrees="87.03996" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="-87.03996">−87.03996</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 colony fragments, to
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|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8B4BFA4014CFFA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616358" box="[875,911,1426,1451]" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">. G</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8BAFFA401327FA7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616330" box="[911,1127,1426,1451]" location="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8BBEFA4014B3FA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8BBEFA4014B3FA7F" box="[926,1011,1426,1451]" name="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Ashton</location>
|
||
, #179805
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8880FA6617BFFA24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616378" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8880FA661679FA19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8880FA661679FA19" box="[160,313,1460,1485]" latitude="5.55318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" name="Chatham Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Chatham Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8963FA6616DDFA19" box="[323,413,1460,1485]" degrees="5.55318" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="5.55318">5.55318</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8988FA661560FA19" box="[424,544,1460,1485]" degrees="87.03996" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="-87.03996">−87.03996</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 7 colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFC5FFAE8B11FA661433FA19" box="[817,883,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE88DEFA051651FA24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616324" box="[254,273,1495,1520]" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">. I</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8930FA051689FA24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616301" box="[272,457,1495,1520]" location="Keith" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8900FA05161CFA24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8900FA05161CFA24" box="[288,348,1495,1520]" name="Keith" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Keith</location>
|
||
, #307699
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE89C1FA05150EF9C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616421" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE89C1FA05153DFA24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE89C1FA05153DFA24" box="[481,637,1495,1520]" latitude="5.55318" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" name="Chatham Bay" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Chatham Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8AA9FA0515A3FA24" box="[649,739,1495,1520]" degrees="5.55318" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="5.55318">5.55318</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFC5FFAE8ACFFA051427FA24" box="[751,871,1495,1520]" degrees="87.03996" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" precision="1" value="-87.03996">−87.03996</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFC5FFAE8880FA2817AAF9C7" box="[160,234,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8A6EFA28152CF9C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616426" box="[590,620,1530,1555]" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.55318" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03996" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">. G</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFC5FFAE8A4CFA281475F9C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616340" box="[620,821,1530,1555]" location="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" specimenCount="1">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8A56FA281589F9C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFC5FFA98987FBD314C4FA96:8ED75AF9FFC5FFAE8A56FA281589F9C7" box="[630,713,1530,1555]" name="Ashton" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Ashton</location>
|
||
, #240555
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3125FA9FFC5FFA98880F9EC14C4FA96" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFAE8880F9EC1646F98C" blockId="27.[159,1155,1598,1728]" box="[160,262,1598,1624]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8880F9EC1646F98C" bold="true" box="[160,262,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC5FFA98880F9B01338FEE6" blockId="27.[159,1155,1598,1728]" lastBlockId="28.[159,1156,142,1103]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">
|
||
Hydroids from Cocos Island correspond with accounts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC5FFAE8B27F9B013C0F9AF" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[775,1152,1634,1659]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC5FFAE8B27F9B01497F9AF" box="[775,983,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC5FFAE8BC2F9B01336F9AF" author="Nutting CC" box="[994,1142,1634,1659]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref22235" refString="Nutting CC. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Inst U S Natl Mus Spec Bull. 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC5FFAE8999F9571509F94A" box="[441,585,1669,1694]" name="Bahamas" pageId="27" pageNumber="592">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species is widespread in shallow waters of the warm western Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC5FFAE8A24F97515A0F914" author="Oliveira OMP & Miranda TP & Araujo EM & Ayon P & Cedeno-Posso CM & Cepeda-Mercado AA & Cordova P & Cunha AF & Genzano GN & Haddad MA" box="[516,736,1703,1728]" pageId="27" pageNumber="592" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref22291" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, Cordova P, Cunha AF, Genzano GN, Haddad MA, et al. 2016. Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa. 4194 (1): 1 - 256. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Oliveira et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Calder 2019), although it was long included in the synonymy of the predominantly European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98B72FF5C13C0FF73" authority="(Heller, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[850,1152,142,167]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98B72FF5C149BFF73" box="[850,987,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
||
(Heller, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98880FF631618FF1E" author="Schuchert P" box="[160,344,177,202]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref23113" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zool Verhandelingen. 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished the two on the basis of morphological characters, and their separation as distinct species has been confirmed by DNA barcoding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98B9DFF06133DFF39" author="Galea HR & Di Camillo DG & Maggioni D & Montano D & Schuchert P" box="[957,1149,212,237]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="21 - 59" refId="ref19797" refString="Galea HR, Di Camillo DG, Maggioni D, Montano D, Schuchert P 2018. A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 125: 21 - 59." type="journal article" year="2018">Galea et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA988BFFF24161EFEDB" author="Moura CJ & Lessios H & Cortes J & Nizinski MS & Reed J & Santos RS & Collins AG" box="[159,350,246,271]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="14" refId="ref22104" refString="Moura CJ, Lessios H, Cortes J, Nizinski MS, Reed J, Santos RS, Collins AG. 2018. Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Sci Rep. Article 17986, 8: 14. doi: 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">Moura et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Differences distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98AB1FF24144EFEDB" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[657,782,246,271]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98AB1FF24144EFEDB" box="[657,782,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from related species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA988BFFECB16DEFEE6" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[159,414,281,306]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA988BFFECB1648FEE6" box="[159,264,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98930FECB16DEFEE6" author="Allman GJ" box="[272,414,281,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref16603" refString="Allman GJ. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Mem Mus Comp Zool Harvard Coll. 5 (2): 1 - 66. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A95FECB142EFEE6" author="Schuchert P" box="[693,878,281,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref23113" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zool Verhandelingen. 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98B86FECB1334FEE6" author="Calder DR & Carlton JT & Larson K & Mallinson JJ & Choong HHC & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[934,1140,281,306]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref17698" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquat Invasions. 14: 21 - 58. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA988E0FEEE1495FDD6" blockId="28.[159,1156,142,1103]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">
|
||
While separated geographically by a significant biogeographic barrier, hydroids identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA988CCFE8C16C8FEA3" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[236,392,350,375]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA988CCFE8C17BDFEA3" box="[236,253,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98907FE8C16C8FEA3" box="[295,392,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage 5 (one of five lineages recognised under the name) from both Atlantic and Pacific sides of Central America were found by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98B6DFE531364FE4E" author="Moura CJ & Collins AG & Santos RS & Lessios H" box="[845,1060,385,410]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref22177" refString="Moura CJ, Collins AG, Santos RS, Lessios H. 2019. Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecol Evol. 9: 13001 - 13016. doi: 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">Moura et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to have corresponding 16S haplotypes. Occurrence of the species in the Tropical Eastern Pacific has thereby been confirmed. In concert with its introduced status on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CCC2C0FFC2FFA98B9BFE1413C3FE0B" box="[955,1155,454,479]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98885FE3B1632FDD6" author="Carlton JT & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[165,370,489,514]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref18224" refString="Carlton JT, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Assessing marine bioinvasions in the Galapagos Islands: implications for conservation biology and marine protected areas. Aquat Invasions. 14: 1 - 20. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.01" type="journal article" year="2019">Carlton et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we recognised it here as introduced on Cocos Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA988E0FDDE14F6FC11" blockId="28.[159,1156,142,1103]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA988E0FDDE16D7FDF1" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[192,407,524,549]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA988E0FDDE16D7FDF1" box="[192,407,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Halopteris alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from the region by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98B6EFDDE14A3FDF1" author="Fraser CM" box="[846,995,524,549]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref19533" refString="Fraser CM. 1938 a. Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Allan Hancock Pac Expeditions. 4 (1): 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser (1938a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98C2DFDDE1643FD93" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98C2DFDDE1643FD93" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98974FDFC16E4FD93" box="[340,420,558,583]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Revillagegedo Islands; east of islands off Navidad Head; Isabel Island),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA988D7FD831612FDBE" box="[247,338,593,618]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CCC2C0FFC2FFA9897FFD83156EFDBE" box="[351,558,593,618]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Santa Elena Bay),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98B20FD83142CFDBE" box="[768,876,593,618]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Port Utria) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98C09FD8313C3FDBE" box="[1065,1155,593,618]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Jicarita Island; Pacora Island); by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A10FDA6158BFD59" author="Fraser CM" box="[560,715,628,653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="129 - 153" refId="ref19593" refString="Fraser CM. 1938 c. Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pac Expeditions. 4 (3): 129 - 153." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser (1938c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98ADFFDA614C2FD59" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[767,898,628,653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98ADFFDA614C2FD59" box="[767,898,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98BF7FDA61371FD59" box="[983,1073,628,653]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Secas Islands) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98910FD4416C0FD7B" box="[304,384,662,687]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Isabel Island); by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A76FD44146DFD7B" author="Moura CJ & Lessios H & Cortes J & Nizinski MS & Reed J & Santos RS & Collins AG" box="[598,813,662,687]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="14" refId="ref22104" refString="Moura CJ, Lessios H, Cortes J, Nizinski MS, Reed J, Santos RS, Collins AG. 2018. Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Sci Rep. Article 17986, 8: 14. doi: 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">Moura et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98B54FD44148EFD7B" box="[884,974,662,687]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Coiba); and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98880FD6B1635FD06" author="Calder DR & Carlton JT & Larson K & Mallinson JJ & Choong HHC & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[160,373,697,722]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref17698" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquat Invasions. 14: 21 - 58. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021) from mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98AA1FD6B159CFD06" box="[641,732,697,722]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Salinas) and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CCC2C0FFC2FFA98B91FD6B13C0FD06" box="[945,1152,697,722]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Elsewhere in the Pacific it occurs in Hawaii (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98AB8FD0E1460FD21" author="Cooke WJ" box="[664,800,732,757]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref18686" refString="Cooke WJ 1977. Order Hydroida. Devaney DM, Eldredge LG, editors. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: protozoa through Ctenophora. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication. Vol. 64 (1); 71 - 104" type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98B6FFD0E1496FD21" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[847,982,732,757]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98B6FFD0E1496FD21" box="[847,982,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H. diaphana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), including the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A31FD2C1461FCC3" author="Calder DR & Faucci A" box="[529,801,766,791]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17862" refString="Calder DR, Faucci A. 2021. Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Zootaxa. 5085: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2021">Calder and Faucci 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As for Fraser’s reports of the species from the eastern Pacific, at least some appear to have been based on misidentifications (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA9892AFC9616FAFC89" author="Schuchert P" box="[266,442,836,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref23113" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zool Verhandelingen. 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98AACFC961461FC89" author="Fraser CM" box="[652,801,836,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref19533" refString="Fraser CM. 1938 a. Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Allan Hancock Pac Expeditions. 4 (1): 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser (1938a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 14, fig. 71b) shows a colony with cornucopia-shaped rather than spindle-shaped gonothecae as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98BF2FCB41315FCAB" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[978,1109,870,895]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98BF2FCB41315FCAB" box="[978,1109,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; no indication was given of its collection location. Records from the Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98C22FC5B133EFC76" author="Jarvis FE" box="[1026,1150,905,930]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref20535" refString="Jarvis FE. 1922. The hydroids from the Chagos, Seychelles and other islands and from the coasts of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Trans Linn Soc London Zool. 18: 331 - 360. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Jarvis 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA9889FFC7E167DFC11" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[191,317,940,965]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA9889FFC7E167DFC11" box="[191,317,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">P. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA9896AFC7E169CFC11" author="Gravely FH" box="[330,476,940,965]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="7 - 20" refId="ref20006" refString="Gravely FH. 1927. Coelenterata. Class Hydrozoa. Orders Gymnoblastea and Calyptoblastea, and Gravely FH, editor. The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, new series, natural history section. Vol. 1. Madras, India; p. 7 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1927">Gravely 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98A28FC7E1556FC11" box="[520,534,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">P</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98A4EFC7E1591FC11" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[622,721,940,965]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98A4EFC7E1591FC11" box="[622,721,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) need confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA988E0FC1C155CFB9B" blockId="28.[159,1156,142,1103]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">
|
||
The known range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98995FC1C1578FC33" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[437,568,974,999]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98995FC1C1578FC33" box="[437,568,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">H. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Tropical Eastern Pacific extends from Isabel Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA988D0FC231603FBDE" box="[240,323,1009,1034]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southwards to Salinas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFC2FFA98A75FC2315F0FBDE" box="[597,688,1009,1034]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A9EFC23140FFBDE" author="Fraser CM" box="[702,847,1009,1034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref19533" refString="Fraser CM. 1938 a. Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Allan Hancock Pac Expeditions. 4 (1): 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser 1938a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98B7EFC2314E1FBDE" author="Fraser CM" box="[862,929,1009,1034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="129 - 153" refId="ref19593" refString="Fraser CM. 1938 c. Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pac Expeditions. 4 (3): 129 - 153." type="journal article" year="1938">1938c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Calder et al. 2021). The species was found in four of the samples examined here from Cocos Island. All of the examined specimens were sterile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA98880FBA916DCFB41" blockId="28.[160,1156,1147,1346]" box="[160,412,1147,1173]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98880FBA916DCFB41" bold="true" box="[160,412,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Reported distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA98880FB4D16FAFB6C" blockId="28.[160,1156,1147,1346]" box="[160,442,1183,1208]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Cocos Island: first record.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFC2FFA988E0FB1314C4FA96" blockId="28.[160,1156,1147,1346]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">
|
||
Elsewhere: Western Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A27FB13159BFB0E" author="Oliveira OMP & Miranda TP & Araujo EM & Ayon P & Cedeno-Posso CM & Cepeda-Mercado AA & Cordova P & Cunha AF & Genzano GN & Haddad MA" box="[519,731,1217,1242]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref22291" refString="Oliveira OMP, Miranda TP, Araujo EM, Ayon P, Cedeno-Posso CM, Cepeda-Mercado AA, Cordova P, Cunha AF, Genzano GN, Haddad MA, et al. 2016. Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa. 4194 (1): 1 - 256. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Oliveira et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Calder 2019); eastern Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98C63FB13160DFB29" author="Ansin Agis J & Ramil F & Vervoort W" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref16659" refString="Ansin Agis J, Ramil F, Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zool Verhandelingen. 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Ansín Agís et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); eastern Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98A30FB361596FB29" author="Calder DR & Carlton JT & Larson K & Mallinson JJ & Choong HHC & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[528,726,1252,1277]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref17698" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquat Invasions. 14: 21 - 58. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021); central Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98BF8FB36131FFB29" author="Cooke WJ" box="[984,1119,1252,1277]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref18686" refString="Cooke WJ 1977. Order Hydroida. Devaney DM, Eldredge LG, editors. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: protozoa through Ctenophora. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication. Vol. 64 (1); 71 - 104" type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98880FAD516C4FAF4" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[160,388,1287,1312]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98880FAD516C4FAF4" box="[160,388,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Halopteris diaphana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA989B5FAD515EBFAF4" author="Calder DR & Faucci A" box="[405,683,1287,1312]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref17862" refString="Calder DR, Faucci A. 2021. Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Zootaxa. 5085: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2021">Calder and Faucci 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); possibly Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA98BF7FAD5131AFAF4" author="Jarvis FE" box="[983,1114,1287,1312]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref20535" refString="Jarvis FE. 1922. The hydroids from the Chagos, Seychelles and other islands and from the coasts of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Trans Linn Soc London Zool. 18: 331 - 360. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Jarvis 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98880FAFB16C0FA96" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[160,384,1321,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98880FAFB16C0FA96" box="[160,384,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Plumularia alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFC2FFA989AEFAFB1560FA96" author="Gravely FH" box="[398,544,1321,1346]" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" pagination="7 - 20" refId="ref20006" refString="Gravely FH. 1927. Coelenterata. Class Hydrozoa. Orders Gymnoblastea and Calyptoblastea, and Gravely FH, editor. The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, new series, natural history section. Vol. 1. Madras, India; p. 7 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1927">Gravely 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98A6BFAFB15A9FA96" box="[587,745,1321,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98A6BFAFB1581FA96" box="[587,705,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">Plumularia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFC2FFA98B34FAFB1437FA96" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[788,887,1321,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="593" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFC2FFA98B34FAFB1437FA96" box="[788,887,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="593">alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |