512 lines
90 KiB
XML
512 lines
90 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0E03CC0B1310BFFBF4FEDCC313D950F9">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9F31FB45B90C4D20EACAC4BB17D00B8">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21667AB1B641DAF1B45154610734CC1C">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A88CFBBF75C2AB54142E9549FAB6BFFB">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BBEADE5D752158F69B54C24C54A3D3E">Kuklinski, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A615BFCB84278B35D07DABEB1FB0FA62">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="89A93D660910E75DA9F17E3EA5CF8A1B">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6520701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209285931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6520701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B723378FF73ADAA1BD1FD76" ID-CoL="4S3HD" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,678,715,742]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF73ADAA1BD1FD76" bold="true" box="[151,678,715,742]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF73ADAA1882FD76" bold="true" box="[151,501,715,742]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Rhamphostomella townsendi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B723378FE18ADAD1BD1FD76" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[508,678,716,742]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF73AD91198DFC9A" blockId="69.[151,678,715,778]" box="[151,250,752,778]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FF44AD911986FC9A" box="[160,241,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B723378FF73AC551BEEFCDD" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[151,665,820,845]" page="430" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1952">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B723378FF73AC551BEEFCDD" ID-CoL="4S3HD" authority="Osburn, 1952, p. 430" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="430" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,665,820,845]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF73AC5518CCFCDC" box="[151,443,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Rhamphostomella townsendi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B723378FE26AC551B39FCDC" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[450,590,820,844]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 430
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, pl. 51, figs 2, 3.
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B723378FF73AC1B18F7FAB1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF73AC1B18FFFC04" bold="true" box="[151,392,890,916]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B723378FE72AC1A1A03FC4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405439" collectingDate="1911-04-26" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="Che" elevation="977" latitude="33.55" location="RV Albatross" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="-120.28333" municipality="Fish Commission Collection" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="USNM 11032" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B723378FE72AC1A188AFC05" box="[406,509,891,917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB863A190B723378FDF7AC1A1BCCFC05" box="[531,699,891,917]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USNM 11032</specimenCode>
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, record name Che981–2, colony encrusting sponge,
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<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B723378FADEAC1A1C29FC05" box="[1338,1374,891,917]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">US</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B723378FA88AC1A18D5FC29" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fish Commission Collection</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FE4FACFE1B49FC29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FE4FACFE1B49FC29" box="[427,574,927,953]" country="United States of America" county="Che" latitude="33.55" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="-120.28333" municipality="Fish Commission Collection" name="RV Albatross" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="California">
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RV
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FE30ACFE1B49FC29" box="[468,574,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Albatross</emphasis>
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, Stn 5695,
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<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B723378FD5DACFE1A25FC29" box="[697,850,927,953]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1911-04-26">26 April 1911</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FCB9ACFE1D53FC29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FCB9ACFE1D53FC29" box="[861,1060,927,953]" country="United States of America" county="Che" latitude="33.55" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="-120.28333" municipality="Fish Commission Collection" name="Santa Rosa Island" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="California">Santa Rosa Island</location>
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, SW of
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, Southern
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, Pacific Ocean,
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,
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, depth
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF23AC8618F7FAB1" blockId="69.[151,1437,890,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B723378FF23AC861C1EFB91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405420" box="[199,1385,998,1025]" collectionCode="ZIRAS, PIBOC" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="1/50117" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B723378FF23AC86186FFB91" box="[199,280,999,1025]" collectionName="ZIRAS" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B723378FEC0AC8718F6FB91" box="[292,385,998,1025]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1/50117</specimenCode>
|
||
, colony encrusting branch of erect bryozoan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B723378FC7EAC861D92FB91" authority=", PIBOC" authorityName="PIBOC" box="[922,1253,999,1025]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Microporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="okadai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FC7EAC861DF7FB91" box="[922,1152,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Microporina okadai</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B723378FB77AC861D92FB91" box="[1171,1253,999,1025]" collectionName="PIBOC" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Collection
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B723378FA9CAC861D3CFBD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405455" collectingDate="1991-08-02" collectingMethod="Sigsbee trawl" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="A. V. Smirnov" county="Medny Island" elevation="569" latitude="54.2" location="RV Akademik Oparin" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FA9CAC86182AFBB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FA9CAC86182AFBB5" county="Medny Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" name="RV Akademik Oparin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF73AB6A182AFBB5" box="[151,349,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Akademik Oparin</emphasis>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 14th Expedition, Stn 5,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B723378FD90AB6A1A6FFBB5" box="[628,792,1035,1061]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1991-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B723378FD90AB6A1A6FFBB5" box="[628,792,1035,1061]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1991-08-02">2 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, southeast off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B723378FC5EAB6A1D20FBB5" box="[954,1111,1035,1061]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Medny Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B723378FB86AB6A1C32FBB5" box="[1122,1349,1035,1061]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FAB4AB6A19B5FBD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FAB4AB6A19B5FBD9" county="Medny Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Bering Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bering Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FF34AB511838FBD9" box="[208,335,1071,1099]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="12.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="54.2">54°12.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FEB9AB511891FBD9" box="[349,486,1071,1099]" degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="37.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="168.62167">168°37.3ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B723378FDD9AB4F1BFEFBD9" box="[573,649,1070,1097]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="569.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B723378FDD9AB4F1BFEFBD9" box="[573,649,1070,1097]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="569.0">569 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B723378FD73AB4E1A43FBD9" box="[663,820,1071,1097]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sigsbee trawl</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B723378FC48AB4E1D3CFBD9" box="[940,1099,1071,1097]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A.V. Smirnov</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B723378FBBCAB4E1989FB25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405357" collectingDate="1991-08-02" collectingMethod="Sigsbee trawl" collectionCode="ZIRAS, PIBOC" collectorName="A. V. Smirnov" county="Medny Island" elevation="569" latitude="54.2" location="RV Akademik Oparin" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="2/50118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B723378FBBCAB4E1DDEFBD9" box="[1112,1193,1071,1097]" collectionName="ZIRAS" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B723378FB56AB4F1C67FBD9" box="[1202,1296,1070,1097]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">2/50118</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony encrusting sponge,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B723378FE95AB3218B4FBFD" box="[369,451,1107,1133]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">PIBOC</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FDAAAB321A37FBFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FDAAAB321A37FBFD" box="[590,832,1107,1133]" county="Medny Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" name="RV Akademik Oparin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
RV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FD9DAB321A37FBFD" box="[633,832,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Akademik Oparin</emphasis>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 14th Expedition, Stn 5,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B723378FBBEAB321C77FBFD" box="[1114,1280,1107,1133]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1991-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B723378FBBEAB321C77FBFD" box="[1114,1280,1107,1133]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1991-08-02">2 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, southeast off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B723378FF73AB161844FB01" box="[151,307,1143,1169]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Medny Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B723378FEDAAB161B57FB01" box="[318,544,1143,1169]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Commander Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FDCFAB161BDFFB01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FDCFAB161BDFFB01" box="[555,680,1143,1169]" county="Medny Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Commander Islands" name="Bering Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">Bering Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FD56AB191A59FB01" box="[690,814,1143,1171]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="12.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="54.2">54°12.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FCDCAB191ACAFB01" box="[824,957,1143,1171]" degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="37.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="168.62167">168°37.3ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B723378FBE8AB171D23FB01" box="[1036,1108,1142,1169]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="569.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B723378FBE8AB171D23FB01" box="[1036,1108,1142,1169]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="569.0">569 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B723378FBBBAB161D8FFB01" box="[1119,1272,1143,1169]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sigsbee trawl</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B723378FA8DAB16198EFB25" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A.V. Smirnov</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B723378FEE1ABFA18F7FAB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405305" collectingDate="2004-07-23" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="M. H. Dick." county="Amchitka Island" elevation="0" latitude="54.2" location="M. H. Dick Collection" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Rat Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCode="AL-WP-0019-0022" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B723378FE9EABFA1B11FB25" box="[378,614,1179,1205]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">AL–WP–0019–0022</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FD96ABFA1A1CFB25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FD96ABFA1A1CFB25" box="[626,875,1179,1205]" county="Amchitka Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Rat Islands" name="M. H. Dick Collection" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">M.H. Dick Collection</location>
|
||
, one colony,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FC1BABFA1C1BFB25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FC1BABFA1C1BFB25" box="[1023,1388,1179,1205]" county="Amchitka Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Rat Islands" name="Alaska Fisheries Science Center" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">Alaska Fisheries Science Center</location>
|
||
and National Marine Fisheries Service Collection, FV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FD35ABDE1A32FB49" box="[721,837,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sea Storm</emphasis>
|
||
, Haul 190, Stn 114–21,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B723378FBBFABDE1D86FB49" box="[1115,1265,1215,1241]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2004-07-23">
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B723378FBBFABDE1D86FB49" box="[1115,1265,1215,1241]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2021-07-23">23 July 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, coastal waters of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B723378FF50AB821806FB6D" box="[180,369,1251,1277]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Amchitka Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B723378FE99AB82188AFB6D" box="[381,509,1251,1277]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Rat Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FDEDAB821A68FB6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FDEDAB821A68FB6D" box="[521,799,1251,1277]" county="Amchitka Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Rat Islands" name="western Aleutian Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">western Aleutian Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B723378FCCFAB821ADDFB6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B72337AFF73ADAA1BC7F8B9:8EFFC4B90B723378FCCFAB821ADDFB6D" box="[811,938,1251,1277]" county="Amchitka Island" latitude="54.2" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="168.62167" municipality="Rat Islands" name="Bering Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alaska">Bering Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FC51AB851D45FB6D" box="[949,1074,1251,1279]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="51.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="51.86">51°51.6ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B723378FBDAAB851DB3FB6D" box="[1086,1220,1251,1279]" degrees="178" direction="east" minutes="27.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="92" value="178.46333">178°27.8ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth 224–
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B723378FAABAB831CEFFB6D" box="[1359,1432,1250,1277]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B723378FAABAB831CEFFB6D" box="[1359,1432,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.295" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.2399999999999998" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="229.5" valueMax="235.0" valueMin="224.0">235 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B723378FEE4AA6618F7FAB1" box="[256,384,1287,1313]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">M.H. Dick.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B72337AFF23AA4A1BCFFBA5" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF23AA4A199DFA46" blockId="69.[151,1437,890,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF23AA4A1809FAD5" bold="true" box="[199,382,1323,1349]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
ZIRAS 1/50117, Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FB93AA4A1C29FAD5" box="[1143,1374,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21C, F, H, I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.63–0.98 (0.76 ± 0.07) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FE49AA2E18CCFAF8" box="[429,443,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). ZW, 0.45–0.65 (0.53 ± 0.06) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FCB0AA2E1A15FAF8" box="[852,866,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20). ZD, 0.35–0.38 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FB86AA2E1D07FAF8" box="[1122,1136,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.18–0.22 (0.20 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF1FAA12187EFA1C" box="[251,265,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). OrW, 0.20–0.25 (0.22 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FD24AA121BB9FA1C" box="[704,718,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). OeL, 0.22–0.30 (0.26 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FB66AA121DE7FA1C" box="[1154,1168,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). OeW, 0.35–0.40 (0.37 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FED8AAF6183DFA20" box="[316,330,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). Av(s)L, 0.12–0.17 (0.14 ± 0.02) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FCF1AAF61A54FA20" box="[789,803,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). P(m)N, 12–19 (16) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FBBBAAF61D1AFA20" box="[1119,1133,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). P(oe)N, 24–41 (34) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF45AADA19D8FA44" box="[161,175,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF23AABF1B6EF9F5" blockId="69.[151,1437,890,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B723378FF23AABF182EFA68" bold="true" box="[199,345,1502,1528]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FC84AABE1ABFFA69" box="[864,968,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
), small, irregular in form, attaining about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B723378FF73A96319AEF98D" box="[151,217,1538,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension, light-brown to beige when dry. Zooids of medium size, rhombic, hexagonal to oval, sometimes tapering proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FDE8A9461BCFF9D1" box="[524,696,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21D, G, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), arranged in quincunx, demarcated by fine interzooidal sutures recognisable in all parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF23A90E1C60F8AD" blockId="69.[151,1437,890,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FDE7A90E1BC4F919" box="[515,691,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21A, D–K</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, strongly convex, tessellated, with oval and circular areolae along margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FEAEA9F218A0F93D" box="[330,471,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interareolar ridges lacking or indistinct in young zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FB9FA9F21D88F93D" box="[1147,1279,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21D, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), short ridges appearing in zooids and areolae becoming angular in older parts of colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FC3EA9D61D17F941" box="[986,1120,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
); reticulate pattern of frontal shield becoming coarser with age. Umbonuloid component occupying about 60% of length of frontal shield (61% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FC1DA99E1D00F889" box="[1017,1143,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ring scar indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FA8BA99E19BCF8AD" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
|
||
), with uneven boundary between exterior-wall microstructure and extra-umbonuloid calcification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B723378FF23A8261A83F861" blockId="69.[151,1437,890,2033]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FE60A8261B79F8F1" box="[388,526,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly submerged, transversely oval or trapezoidal; distal and lateral margins formed by upper part of distal transverse wall. Distal margin of orifice more or less straight; proximal margin bisinuate, with median bifurcate lyrula and pair of triangular lateral processes with rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FB5EA8EE1C57F839" box="[1210,1312,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Condyles absent. Pair of articulated oral spines sometimes present in distolateral corners of orifice in young, non-ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FF14A8B618E7F861" box="[240,400,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21B, D, J</figureCitation>
|
||
); oral spines absent in ovicellate zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B723378FCB9A8B61A9FF861" box="[861,1000,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21A, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B71337BFF73A9F2199BF87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" startId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" targetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B71337BFF73A9F2199BF87F" blockId="70.[151,1437,1683,2031]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B71337BFF73A9F21868F93B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1683,1707]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B71337BFEC1A9F21BACF93B" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[293,731,1683,1707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B71337BFEC1A9F21B3EF93B" box="[293,585,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Rhamphostomella townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B71337BFDAAA9F21BACF93B" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[590,731,1683,1707]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, E, G.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B71337BFCDFA9F21AEFF93B" box="[827,920,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AFF61C7EFE19" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFE7BAFF61B5EFF21" box="[415,553,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal to irregularly oval and triangular, entirely formed by low tubular peristome; distal curvature formed by vertical extension of distal zooidal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFBEEAFDA1D04FF45" box="[1034,1139,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laterally and proximally restricted by two lappets of slightly elevated peristome, one incorporating cystid of suboral avicularium on left or right side; lappets low in non-ovicellate zooids, angular in ovicellate zooids. In ovicellate zooids, lappets defining U- to V-shaped, slightly asymmetrical pseudosinus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFD11AE461A0AFED1" box="[757,893,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) but not fusing with proximolateral corners of ooecium; extensions of lateral walls of contiguous distolateral zooids connecting proximolateral corners of ooecia with corresponding peristomial lappet, conferring irregular outline to secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFB90AE0E1D8AFE19" box="[1140,1277,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AEF21B70FD15" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium relatively small, with tessellated surface and one or two minute communication pores, asymmetrically situated proximal to orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFD2EAED61AE6FE41" box="[714,913,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21B–D, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal surface (rostral/postmandibular areas) of avicularium gently concave, normally crossing zooidal midline, facing obliquely proximally to proximolaterally. Rostrum elongate triangular, pointed, extending slightly across and overhanging proximal margin of orifice, gently curved, directed obliquely medially to laterally and upwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFC80AD421D42FDAD" box="[868,1077,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21B–D, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible elongate triangular, with rounded or pointed tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFE3DAD261BF6FDF1" box="[473,641,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21C, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Palate and palatal foramen triangular, with rounded distal end; opesia semicircular. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23ADEE1881FD39" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" box="[199,502,655,681]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23ADD21B13FCA9" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFE34ADD21B2DFD5D" box="[464,602,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid; ooecial fold developing at colony periphery concurrently with frontal shield of distal zooid. Ooecium with straight proximal margin and smooth ectooecium with numerous circular and oval pseudopores. Fully formed ovicells remaining prominent, with ooecia not embedded in secondary calcification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AC221B77FC11" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFBC5AC221DF4FCCD" box="[1057,1155,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
|
||
) and multiporous septula in basal half of transverse walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23ACEA180EFB81" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Basal wall of zooids fully calcified (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFD8BACEA1A6FFC35" box="[623,792,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21A, J, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), smooth. Sparse white spots (presumably less-calcified areas) visible in semitransparent basal wall by light microscopy. Basal surface with sporadic small, tubular protuberances about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B70337AFE63ACB21898FC7D" box="[391,495,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B70337AFD1BACB21A10FC7D" box="[767,871,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Boundaries between zooids visible as fine meandering sutures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AB7A1BCFFBA5" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" box="[199,696,1051,1077]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B70337AFF23AB5E1A08F9BD" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AB5E1A86FA0D" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFF23AB5E184CFBC9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1113]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFEA7AB5E18A1FBC9" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[323,470,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFEA7AB5E1823FBC8" box="[323,340,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFE80AB5E18A1FBC9" box="[356,470,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFDB2AB5E1A7DFBC8" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" box="[598,778,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFDB2AB5E1B10FBC8" box="[598,615,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFD93AB5E1A7DFBC8" box="[631,778,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing: 1) a tessellated frontal shield; 2) a primary orifice with a bisinuate proximal margin, median bifurcate lyrula and pair of triangular lateral processes; 3) an asymmetrically set suboral avicularium with a triangular rostrum that partly overhangs the proximal orificial margin; and 4) an ooecium with uniformly scattered pseudopores. At the same time,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFBE7ABCA1DE1FB55" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1027,1174,1195,1221]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBE7ABCA1D63FB54" box="[1027,1044,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBC0ABCA1DE1FB55" box="[1060,1174,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFA60ABCA185DFB78" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFA60ABCA1CE2FB54" box="[1412,1429,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFF73ABAE185DFB78" box="[151,298,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that 1) the suboral avicularium is rather short and overhangs the proximal orificial margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFA60ABAE187EFA9D" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFA60ABAE1CE2FB78" box="[1412,1429,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFF73AB92187EFA9D" box="[151,265,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is strongly elongate, extending across and overhanging the entire orifice in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFB73AB921C3DFA9C" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" box="[1175,1354,1267,1293]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFB73AB921DDFFA9C" box="[1175,1192,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFB53AB921C3DFA9C" box="[1207,1354,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2) the marginal areolae are separated by short, sometimes reduced ridges in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFC48AA761D49FAA1" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[940,1086,1303,1329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFC48AA761ACAFAA0" box="[940,957,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFC28AA761D49FAA1" box="[972,1086,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but by moderately to strongly elongate ridges in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFE83AA5A1B6EFAC4" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" box="[359,537,1339,1365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFE83AA5A180FFAC4" box="[359,376,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFE62AA5A1B6EFAC4" box="[390,537,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) fully-formed ovicells remain prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFBCEAA5A1DCCFAC5" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1066,1211,1339,1365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBCEAA5A1D4CFAC4" box="[1066,1083,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBADAA5A1DCCFAC5" box="[1097,1211,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but ooecia become embedded in the frontal shield of the distal zooid by secondary calcification in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFBC6AA3E1DA2FAE8" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" box="[1058,1237,1375,1401]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBC6AA3E1D44FAE8" box="[1058,1075,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFBA6AA3E1DA2FAE8" box="[1090,1237,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 4) all major measurements are generally smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFDA9AAE21BA9FA0D" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[589,734,1411,1437]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFDA9AAE21B29FA0C" box="[589,606,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFD88AAE21BA9FA0D" box="[620,734,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFCDDAAE21A9CFA0C" authorityName=": Kubanin" authorityYear="1997" box="[825,1003,1411,1437]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="curvirostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFCDDAAE21A3DFA0C" box="[825,842,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFCBCAAE21A9CFA0C" box="[856,1003,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">curvirostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23AAC61A08F9BD" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
While the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B70337AFEA5AAC618D4FA51" box="[321,419,1447,1473]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (USNM 11032) from the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B70337AFCADAAC61D6DFA51" box="[841,1050,1447,1473]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Santa Rosa Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
, California, is clearly conspecific with our specimens from the Commander and western Aleutian Islands, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B70337AFBE5AAAA1D14FA75" box="[1025,1123,1483,1509]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
appears to lack oral spines altogether. Furthermore, there appears to be intercolony variation in tessellation, with some specimens (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFA94AA8E187FF9BD" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21A, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) more coarsely tesselated than others (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B70337AFD08A9721A05F9BD" box="[748,882,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-20@70.[198,1388,181,1659]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 21. Rhamphostomella townsendi Osburn, 1952. A, E, G. Holotype, USNM 11032 (Santa Rosa Island, Pacific Ocean). B, D. Specimen AL–WP–0019–0022, M.H. Dick Collection (Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea). C, F, H, I, K. ZIRAS 1/50117, J, L. ZIRAS 2/50118 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Orifice of non-ovicellate zooid, showing lyrula, lateral denticles and bases of oral spines. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Zooid with developing ovicell. F, H. Ovicellate zooids in older parts of colony. G. Zooids with developing and broken ooecia. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar around umbonuloid component. J. General view of colony encrusting a sponge. K. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred undulating ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. L. Zooid with broken frontal shield, showing areolae and lateral zooidal wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, J, 500 μm; B, H, I, 100 μm; C, K, 50 μm; E, F, 250 μm; L, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544570/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 21D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B70337AFF23A9561AD6F9E5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23A9561AD6F9E5" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFF23A956185BF9C1" bold="true" box="[199,300,1591,1617]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFEDCA9561BF6F9C1" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[312,641,1591,1617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFEDCA9561BF6F9C1" box="[312,641,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Rhamphostomella townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B70337AFC26A9561D31F9C1" box="[962,1094,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.005" metricValueMax="9.77" metricValueMin="2.2399999999999998" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="600.5" valueMax="977.0" valueMin="224.0">224–977 m</quantity>
|
||
on sandy and silty bottoms, encrusting glass sponges and the erect bryozoan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFD5CA93A1AEEF9E5" box="[696,921,1627,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporidae" genus="Microporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="okadai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFD5CA93A1AEEF9E5" box="[696,921,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Microporina okadai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B70337AFF23A91F1BC7F8B9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B70337AFF23A91F1BC7F8B9" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1833]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFF23A91F1816F908" bold="true" box="[199,353,1662,1688]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFE8FA91E1BC6F909" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[363,689,1663,1689]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFE8FA91E1BC6F909" box="[363,689,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Rhamphostomella townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a little-known species originally described from southwest of the Channel Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B70337AFE6FA9C21888F92D" box="[395,511,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B70337AFDE9A9C21B3EF92D" box="[525,585,1699,1725]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is now also known from two northwestern Pacific localities, including the Pacific slope of Medny Island, Commander Islands, and the Beringian slope of Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, western Aleutian Islands. Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B70337AFDE5A98A1BE3F895" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[513,660,1771,1797]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="townsendi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFDE5A98A1B65F894" box="[513,530,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B70337AFDC6A98A1BE3F895" box="[546,660,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">townsendi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an Eastern Pacifc boreal, sublittoral to upper bathyal species, extending to the edge of the subtropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |