treatments-xml/data/E3/37/87/E33787A9FFE1FFC037BAF8CC389BFEC9.xml

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<mods:title id="AD294A02EEA43B1DC83A4DEFFED46C42">A new genus and two new species of feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from New Zealand endemic passerines (Aves: Passeriformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7AB6B74E3B7806B2C8A3DC2459D3CB49">Valim, Michel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BBCEE865C75F55A4BD8179D97C6CA73">Palma, Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BA98D5CF7A19D70EC2DF365DDDF7044D">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E33787A9FFE1FFC037BAF8CC389BFEC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6103112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119599612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6103112" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B00E9616-1341-429D-B5A4-513012C9BDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E33787A9FFE1FFC037BAF8CC389BFEC9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE1FFDA37BAF8CC38F7F86F" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE1FFDA37BAF8CC3BDFF8CB" blockId="10.[151,760,1831,1891]" box="[151,760,1831,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
<heading id="306981D3FFE1FFDA37BAF8CC3BDFF8CB" bold="true" box="[151,760,1831,1858]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" reason="1">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA37BAF8CC3BDFF8CB" bold="true" box="[151,760,1831,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE1FFDA37BAF8CC3B46F8CB" authority="Valim &amp; Palma" authorityName="Valim &amp; Palma" box="[151,609,1831,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA37BAF8CC38BFF8C8" bold="true" box="[151,408,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
Valim &amp; Palma
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="42D957D6FFE1FFDA3545F8C33BDFF8CB" box="[616,760,1832,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE1FFDA37BAF8A138A3F8EA" blockId="10.[151,760,1831,1891]" box="[151,388,1866,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
(
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE1FFDA37B2F8A139C0F8EA" box="[159,231,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE1FFDA37DEF8A13824F8EA" box="[243,259,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,193,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1607]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in ventral view; (B) female habitus in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232354/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE1FFDA3622F8A1383AF8EA" box="[271,285,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1016,1038]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,360,997]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[154,1439,360,997]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia. Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae: (A) holotype; (B, C) two paratypes. Brueelia callaeincola: (D) holotype. Scale bars = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232355/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">6</figureCitation>
D, 7C,D)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE1FFDA37BAF87938F7F86F" blockId="10.[151,567,1938,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4B8E1191FFE1FFDA37BAF87938F7F86F" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE1FFDA37BAF87939C9F821" box="[151,238,1938,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA37BAF87939C9F821" box="[151,238,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; 
<treatmentCitation id="EA3F10AEFFE1FFDA3633F8793B14F821" author="Pilgrim" box="[286,563,1938,1960]" page="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE1FFDA3633F8793B2AF821" author="Pilgrim" box="[286,525,1938,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" refString="Pilgrim, R. L. C. &amp; Palma, R. L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, 6, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1982">Pilgrim &amp; Palma, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE1FFDA37BAF85A39C9F84E" box="[151,238,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA37BAF85A39C9F84E" box="[151,238,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; Murray 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA365CF8593883F84E" box="[369,420,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 1958. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE1FFDA37BAF83B39C9F86F" box="[151,238,2000,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE1FFDA37BAF83B39C9F86F" box="[151,238,2000,2022]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="490">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; Palma 2010: 408.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3FE16637FFE0FFDB37BAF84B380AF85C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="491" targetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE0FFDB37BAF84B380AF85C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1952,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE0FFDB37BAF84B38D9F83F" bold="true" box="[151,510,1952,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="491">
FIGURE 4. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE0FFDB3630F84B38D9F83F" box="[285,510,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE0FFDB3630F84B38D9F83F" bold="true" box="[285,510,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="491">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: (A) male habitus in dorso/ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso/ventral views; (C) male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3FE16637FFE7FFDC37BAF9B73CA2F9FB" box="[151,1413,1628,1650]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232354/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" targetBox="[161,1419,193,1604]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE7FFDC37BAF9B73CA2F9FB" blockId="12.[151,1413,1628,1650]" box="[151,1413,1628,1650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37BAF9B738D0F9FB" bold="true" box="[151,503,1628,1650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
FIGURE 5. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3634F9B738D0F9FB" box="[281,503,1628,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3634F9B738D0F9FB" bold="true" box="[281,503,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: (A) male habitus in ventral view; (B) female habitus in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE7FFDC37BAF9713C36F896" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE7FFDC37BAF9713DA1F93A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1690,2003]" box="[151,1158,1690,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37BAF9713836F93A" bold="true" box="[151,273,1690,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE7FFDC37BAF97139F5F93A" box="[151,210,1690,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Type</typeStatus>
host.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3635F9713B99F93A" authority="Lesson, 1828" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[280,702,1690,1715]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3635F9713B34F93A" box="[280,531,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
(Lesson, 1828)
</taxonomicName>
—North Island saddleback (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC34D0F9713D5DF93A" box="[1021,1146,1690,1715]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE7FFDC37EAF9553D25F95E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1690,2003]" box="[199,1026,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37EAF9553842F95E" bold="true" box="[199,357,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE7FFDC37EAF9553825F95E" box="[199,258,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Taranga Island (= Hen 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE7FFDC3543F9553B90F95E" box="[622,695,1726,1751]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Island</collectingCountry>
), North Island, 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE7FFDC3449F9543AD9F95E" box="[868,1022,1726,1751]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE7FFDC37EAF9093C36F896" blockId="12.[151,1437,1690,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37EAF909387EF972" bold="true" box="[199,345,1762,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Other hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3672F9093A10F972" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[351,823,1762,1787]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carunculatus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3672F9093BA1F972" box="[351,646,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Philesturnus carunculatus</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
—South Island saddleback; 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3359F90939F2F896" authority="Gmelin, 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3359F9093C16F973" box="[1140,1329,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Callaeas cinerea</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1788)
</taxonomicName>
—South Island kokako; 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC36C4F8ED3A54F896" authority="Bonaparte, 1851" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1851" box="[489,883,1798,1823]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC36C4F8ED3B82F896" box="[489,677,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Callaeas wilsoni</emphasis>
(Bonaparte, 1851)
</taxonomicName>
—North Island kokako (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC33A5F8ED3C22F896" box="[1160,1285,1798,1823]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE7FFDD37EAF8C1384EFE7C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE7FFDC37EAF8C13CBAF85A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1690,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37EAF8C1381DF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,314,1834,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3664F8C13B1BF8CA" box="[329,572,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3664F8C13B1BF8CA" box="[329,572,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits similarities with a number of species infesting thrushes (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3208F8C13CB6F8CA" box="[1317,1425,1834,1859]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
): 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC37BAF8A53B02F8EE" authority="Ansari, 1956" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,549,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdinulae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC37BAF8A53850F8EE" box="[151,375,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Brueelia turdinulae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE7FFDC36AFF8A53B02F8EE" author="Ansari" box="[386,549,1870,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" refString="Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 c) Studies on Bruelia species (Mallophaga) occurring on true thrushes. Biologia (Lahore), 2, 102 - 143." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="c">Ansari, 1956c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3518F8A43A79F8EE" authority="Ansari, 1956" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1956" box="[565,862,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3518F8A43B89F8EF" box="[565,686,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">B. antiqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE7FFDC3597F8A53A79F8EE" author="Ansari" box="[698,862,1870,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" refString="Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 c) Studies on Bruelia species (Mallophaga) occurring on true thrushes. Biologia (Lahore), 2, 102 - 143." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="c">Ansari, 1956c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3443F8A43DF3F8EE" authority="Ansari, 1957" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1957" box="[878,1236,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeropunctata">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3443F8A43D05F8EF" box="[878,1058,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">B. zeropunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE7FFDC3303F8A53DF3F8EE" author="Ansari" box="[1070,1236,1870,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" refString="Ansari, M. A. R. (1957 b) A new name proposed for Bruelia longifrons Ansari, 1956. Pakistan Journal of Health, 6 (4), 270." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="b">Ansari, 1957b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC33CEF8A43808F802" authority="Clay, 1936" authorityName="Clay" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myiophoneae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC33CEF8A43CBBF8EE" box="[1251,1436,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">B. myiophoneae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE7FFDC37B2F8993800F802" author="Clay" box="[159,295,1906,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" refString="Clay, T. (1936) New species of Mallophaga recorded from Asiatic birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 905 - 914, 2 pls." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Clay, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3650F8983BF6F802" authority="Ansari, 1956" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1956" box="[381,721,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oudhensis">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3650F8983B31F802" box="[381,534,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">B. oudhensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE7FFDC350AF8993BF6F802" author="Ansari" box="[551,721,1906,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" refString="Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 c) Studies on Bruelia species (Mallophaga) occurring on true thrushes. Biologia (Lahore), 2, 102 - 143." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="c">Ansari, 1956c</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. These species share several characteristics with 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE7FFDC3211F8993805F826" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE7FFDC3211F8993805F826" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="492">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including the same pattern of abdominal chaetotaxy, similar male genitalia and, especially, the female subgenital plate with the posterior sclerotization of the vulvar margin not reaching the lateral sides of the vulva.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37BAFF733DD2FF5C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
However, differences in the shape of the preantennal region, the male genitalia, and especially the shape of the dorsal anterior plate, separate 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD36CAFF563BB6FF5C" box="[487,657,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD36CAFF563BB6FF5C" box="[487,657,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Turdidae-infesting species mentioned above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFF34384EFE7C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
Considering the morphological similarity of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD35E8FF0A3A56FF71" box="[709,881,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD35E8FF0A3A56FF71" box="[709,881,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD3303FF343DA8FF71" box="[1070,1167,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD3303FF343DA8FF71" box="[1070,1167,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD33FAFF343C1CFF71" box="[1239,1339,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
species, we need to compare it against two similar species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD35D9FEEF3A73FE94" box="[756,852,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD35D9FEEF3A73FE94" box="[756,852,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
introduced to 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE6FFDD34D7FEEE3DB6FE94" box="[1018,1169,260,285]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
by human agency with the introduction of the hosts 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD36FAFECC3B5DFEC9" box="[471,634,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merula">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD36FAFECC3B5DFEC9" box="[471,634,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Turdus merula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD359DFECC3A58FEC9" box="[688,895,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philomelos">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD359DFECC3A58FEC9" box="[688,895,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Turdus philomelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 1860’s (Checklist Committee 2010: 313), i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD37EDFEA63874FEEC" box="[192,339,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdinulae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EDFEA63874FEEC" box="[192,339,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. turdinulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD36A7FEA63BBEFEEC" authority="Eichler, 1951" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1951" box="[394,665,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amsel">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD36A7FEA638CDFEEC" box="[394,490,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. amsel</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE6FFDD36D4FEA73BB6FEEC" author="Eichler" box="[505,657,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" refString="Eichler, W. (1951) Die Federlinge der Drosseln. In: Bedeutung der Vogelwelt in Forschung und Praxis - Zusammenstellung der Vortrage gehalten auf der Ersten Ornithologen-Tagung in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik am 21 und 22 Oktober 1950, Leipzig, pp. 29 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Eichler, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE6FFDD35F8FEA73A79FEED" author="Palma" box="[725,862,332,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" refString="Palma, R. L. (1999) Amendments and additions to the 1982 list of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 46, 373 - 387." type="journal article" year="1999">Palma 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 382). 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD3487FEA73DBAFEEC" box="[938,1181,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD3487FEA73DBAFEEC" box="[938,1181,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD32A9FEA639FFFE01" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amsel">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD32A9FEA639FFFE01" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. amsel</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in features of the head (size, shape of the preantennal region and of the dorsal anterior plate) and of the genitalia, which have a very different mesosomal complex and shape of parameres. Although 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD33F9FE7E3CA7FE24" box="[1236,1408,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD33F9FE7E3CA7FE24" box="[1236,1408,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD3612FE5238F5FE59" box="[319,466,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdinulae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD3612FE5238F5FE59" box="[319,466,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">B. turdinulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it differs from it in details of the mesosomal complex and the shape of the preantennal region of the head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE6FFDE37EAFE143BECFEC9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFE143A1EFDB4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFE1438B9FD91" bold="true" box="[199,414,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
Description. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD364EFE1438B9FD91" bold="true" box="[355,414,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Male</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD3578FE143BB8FD91" box="[597,671,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A, 5A. Body with contrasting pigmentation: lateral sides of head, thorax and abdomen dark brown, medial areas much lighter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFDAC381CFC09" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFDAC3823FDE9" box="[199,260,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Head</emphasis>
: As in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD3677FDAC3885FDE9" box="[346,418,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A, 5A. Preantennal region nearly rounded. Small hyaline margin distinguishable; anterior dorsal head plate not completely surrounded by the dorsal preantennal suture. Marginal carina thickened with its inner margin weakly sinuate, and completely pigmented. Lateral interruption of marginal carina incomplete, conspicuous only in dorsal view. Frontoclypeal suture with its nodal area well defined and reaching the middle of antennal fossa. Attachments of mandibular adductor muscles marked. Gular plate well pigmented and pentagonal shaped. Temples forming a rounded angle at marginal temporal setae 3 (
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD34C1FD173D05FC9D" box="[1004,1058,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">mts3</emphasis>
) level; temporal carina thin and slightly sinuate, reaching at most the 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD3571FCCB3BB6FCB1" box="[604,657,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">mts3</emphasis>
; eye only slightly embedded in marginal temporal carina. Conus reaching at most the posterior end of scapus. Setae 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD35D1FCAE3A04FCD5" box="[764,803,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">pns</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD344EFCAE3AA4FCD5" box="[867,899,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">pts</emphasis>
very reduced, with 4 sensilla (
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD33DBFCAF3C11FCD5" box="[1270,1334,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">s1–s4</emphasis>
) located between them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFC67386DFB99" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFC67383FFC2C" box="[199,280,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Thorax</emphasis>
: As in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD3644FC673897FC2D" box="[361,432,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A, 5A. Pterothorax with 4–6 marginal setae on each side (spiniform and trichoid setae not included); pterothoracic apodeme well developed, reaching the lateral margin of pterothorax. Mesosternal and metasternal plates partially fused and weakly sclerotized, both slightly longer than wide, both plates bearing two long setae each.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFBF73DD4FAB8" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFBF73816FBBC" box="[199,305,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Abdomen</emphasis>
: As in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD36A1FBF738F2FBBD" box="[396,469,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
A, 5a. Segments II–VIII pigmented as in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD3494FBF73ADAFBBC" box="[953,1021,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,193,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1607]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in ventral view; (B) female habitus in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232354/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A. Tergal chaetotaxy: postspiracular setae long on IV–VII; one small accessory seta on V–VII (atypical specimens with only one seta in one side), and one sutural seta on II–VII. Tergite VIII with its lateral trichoid seta, plus one postero-medial and one sutural setae. Tergite IX+X not medially connected, and chaetotaxy (from lateral side to mid-line) with 1 short, 1 long, 1–2 short, 1 long, and 1 short setae. Paratergal chaetotaxy: II–III 0; 
<date id="1F20107FFFE6FFDD3468FB463A85FB4D" box="[837,930,1196,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">IV–V 2</date>
; 
<date id="1F20107FFFE6FFDD349FFB463D08FB4D" box="[946,1071,1196,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">VI–VIII 3.</date>
Sternal plates II–VI uniformly pigmented, typically with one pair of setae on each, subgenital plate also uniformly pigmented. Porotaxy: present on tergites II–V and sternites II–VI (laterad to pair of setae). Sternal pores (= sensilla placodea) are difficult to see, except for those on sternite II (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD36C2FAFC3B14FAB9" box="[495,563,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A,B), but they are present at least on one side of each segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFAD73AB0FA6D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFAD73816FADC" box="[199,305,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Genitalia</emphasis>
: As in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD36ADFAD738E1FADD" box="[384,454,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
C, 6D. Basal plate wide, with slightly concave lateral margins; parameres wide, tapering abruptly to fine-pointed tips; lateral sclerites of mesosomal complex short (1/3 of paramere length) and subconical with smooth lateral sides, bearing three sensilla on each lateral margin, one postero-dorsally (laterad to gonopore), and two antero-dorsally. The gonopore arises from an ejaculatory duct well supported by tendons of the extrusor muscle, forming a long U-shaped structure above the pore (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD341CFA273A52FA6D" box="[817,885,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAFA1A3C58F9A4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAFA1A384EF981" box="[199,361,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Measurements</emphasis>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD36B7FA043BB1F981" box="[410,662,1519,1544]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD36B7FA043BB1F981" box="[410,662,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 7): HL, 0.35–0.37; POW, 0.28–0.30; TW, 0.34–0.36; ADHPW, 0.07–0.08; PW, 0.20–0.22; PTW, 0.30–0.33; AW 0.41–0.43; GL, 0.17–0.19; PrT, 0.04–0.06; and TL, 1.32–1.45.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAF9D238C5F9FC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAF9D2384EF9D9" box="[199,361,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Measurements</emphasis>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE6FFDD36B7F9DC3B7FF9D9" box="[410,600,1591,1616]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD36B7F9DC3B7FF9D9" box="[410,600,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Callaeas cinerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 1): HL, 0.40; POW, 0.36; TW, 0.41; ADHPW, 0.09; PW, 0.26; PTW, 0.37; AW 0.53; and TL, 1.61.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE6FFDD37EAF9943A67F855" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE6FFDD37EAF9943839F911" bold="true" box="[199,286,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Female</emphasis>
. Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD36E1F9943B32F911" box="[460,533,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
B, 5B. Pigmentation of head, thorax and abdomen as in 
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD33BBF9943DFEF911" box="[1174,1241,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1628,1650]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,193,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1607]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in ventral view; (B) female habitus in ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232354/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B, differing from male in body size, terminalia and tergal chaetotaxy (one long postspiracular seta on IV–VII, plus one sutural seta on II–VIII). Pterothorax with 5–6 marginal setae on each side. Tergites II–VIII divided medially; tergite VIII as in male; IX–X entire and uniformly pigmented (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD358DF9073BC2F88D" box="[672,741,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1339,1361]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,373,1318]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female terminalia. Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view. Brueelia callaeincola: (C) dorsal view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: pssVII, postspiracular seta of tergite VII; tr, trichoid seta of the tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232356/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C), with 1 long, 1 short, and 1 long setae each side (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD3213F9073CA3F88D" box="[1342,1412,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, 7C). Paratergal chaetotaxy as for males, except one abnormal specimen with 1 seta on I–II in both sides. Subgenital plate uniformly pigmented, but distal sclerotization (= “cross piece”) does not reach the lateral sides of the vulvar margin (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD37D9F8BC3810F8F9" box="[244,311,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1339,1361]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1299]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,373,1318]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female terminalia. Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view. Brueelia callaeincola: (C) dorsal view; (D) ventral view. Abbreviations: pssVII, postspiracular seta of tergite VII; tr, trichoid seta of the tergite VIII." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232356/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D), without postero-medial notch, with 3–5 (rarely 
<quantity id="AC669B5AFFE6FFDD345DF8B33ABCF8F9" box="[880,923,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="493" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
one side) small setae each side (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD322EF8BC3C6CF8F9" box="[1283,1355,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Figs 4</figureCitation>
B, 7D). Gonapophyses with 6–9 (rarely 3–4 on one side) short setae on each side (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD34C6F8973D16F81D" box="[1003,1073,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Vulva with 12–16 (very few with 3 or 5 on one side) short and spiniform setae, 4–8 long and thin setae, and 1 pair of medium-long setae situated medially and proximally to spiniform row of setae (
<figureCitation id="F3A52A3AFFE6FFDD35F7F82F3A39F855" box="[730,798,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[195,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brueelia callaeincola: (A) male habitus in dorso / ventral views; (B) female habitus in dorso / ventral views; (C) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="493">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFF723D4DFF71" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFF72384EFF39" box="[199,361,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Measurements</emphasis>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE369EFF7C3B9BFF39" box="[435,700,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE369EFF7C3B9BFF39" box="[435,700,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 10): HL, 0.38–0.41 (0.40±0.012); POW, 0.31–0.35 (0.33±0.011); TW, 0.36–0.40 (0.39±0.014); ADHPW, 0.07–0.09 (0.08±0.006); PW, 0.22–0.25 (0.24±0.010); PTW, 0.32–0.36 (0.34±0.012); AW 0.44–0.53 (0.48±0.027); and TL, 1.57–1.83 (1.67±0.080).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFEEE3BECFEC9" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFEEE384EFE95" box="[199,361,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Measurements</emphasis>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE36B7FEEF3B71FE94" box="[410,598,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE36B7FEEF3B71FE94" box="[410,598,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Callaeas wilsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 1): HL, 0.40; POW, 0.35; TW, 0.39; ADHPW, 0.06; PW, 0.24; PTW, 0.35; AW 0.52; GL, 0.24; PrT, 0.06; and TL, 1.49.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3FE16637FFE5FFDE37BAFC1338C7FBA4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232355/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" targetBox="[154,1436,360,997]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37BAFC1338C7FBA4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1016,1069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37BAFC133BD8FB87" bold="true" box="[151,767,1016,1038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
FIGURE 6. Male genitalia. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE36EBFC133BD8FB87" box="[454,767,1016,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Melibrueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaeseelandiae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE36EBFC133BD8FB87" bold="true" box="[454,767,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: (A) holotype; (B, C) two paratypes. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE33A4FC133C4DFB87" box="[1161,1386,1016,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE33A4FC133C4DFB87" bold="true" box="[1161,1386,1016,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (D) holotype. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE5FFDE37EAFBB83ACFFB19" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFBB83ACFFB19" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFBB83869FBE5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1107,1132]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE350BFBB83B96FBE5" box="[550,689,1107,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE350BFBB83B96FBE5" box="[550,689,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is formed by the prefix 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE34EBFBB83D2DFBE5" box="[966,1034,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">callae</emphasis>
- referring to 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE338EFBB83C3BFBE5" box="[1187,1308,1107,1132]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
, the family name that the hosts belong to, and the suffix - 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE35BBFB9C3BFBFB19" box="[662,732,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">incola</emphasis>
(Latin) = an inhabitant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE5FFDE37EAFB703D83F9C9" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFB703BAFFB75" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFB703854FB3D" bold="true" box="[199,371,1179,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE5FFDE37EAFB703825FB3D" box="[199,258,1179,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE36AAFB703A62FB3D" bold="true" box="[391,837,1179,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE3698FB703BE6FB3D" box="[437,705,1179,1204]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE3698FB703BE6FB3D" bold="true" box="[437,705,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE5FFDE35F5FB703A62FB3D" box="[728,837,1179,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
♂, Taranga Island, N.Z., 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE33ACFB773DDDFB3D" box="[1153,1274,1180,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1903-09">Sep. 1903</date>
, A.T. Pycroft (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE37B3FB2B39D5FB51" box="[158,242,1216,1240]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE37D7FB2B383EFB51" box="[250,281,1216,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
. 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE3630FB2B385FFB51" box="[285,376,1216,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="94-03-28">032894</date>
). 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE36A7FB543B2CFB51" bold="true" box="[394,523,1215,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE5FFDE36A7FB543B21FB51" box="[394,518,1215,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE353EFB2B3B1FFB51" box="[531,568,1216,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
, 11♀, same data as for the 
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE5FFDE3446FB543AEAFB51" box="[875,973,1215,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE34F1FB2B3D17FB51" box="[988,1072,1216,1240]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3315FB543D70FB51" box="[1080,1111,1215,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015796); 
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE33E4FB2B3DC9FB51" box="[1225,1262,1216,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 3♀, same data as for the 
<typeStatus id="B425881DFFE5FFDE362BFB08384FFB75" box="[262,360,1251,1276]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE365AFB0F38F1FB75" box="[375,470,1252,1276]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MZUSP</collectionCode>
#5986–#5987).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFAEC38D1FA05" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Additional material examined (non-types). 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE3580FAEC3AC2FAA9" bold="true" box="[685,997,1287,1312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE35F8FAEC3AFCFAA9" box="[725,987,1287,1312]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE35F8FAEC3AFCFAA9" bold="true" box="[725,987,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
2♀, Cuvier Island, N.Z., 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE322BFAEC3CBFFAA9" box="[1286,1432,1287,1312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1977-01-15">15 Jan. 1977</date>
, C.R. Veitch (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3607FAC73859FACD" box="[298,382,1324,1348]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE36AAFAC03881FACD" box="[391,422,1323,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015797); 1♀, same data, 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE35E6FAC73A78FACD" box="[715,863,1324,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1977-01-17">17 Jan. 1977</date>
, C.R. Veitch (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE34D2FAC73D74FACD" box="[1023,1107,1324,1348]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3371FAC03D5CFACD" box="[1116,1147,1323,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.018054); 
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE33C3FAC73C35FACD" box="[1262,1298,1324,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 2♀, Tiritiri Matangi Island, AK, N.Z., 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE36EAFABB3B6BFAE1" box="[455,588,1360,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1989-09-09">9 Sep. 1989</date>
(
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3576FABB3B88FAE1" box="[603,687,1360,1384]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE359AFAA43BF1FAE1" box="[695,726,1359,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015798); 2♀, Little Barrier Island, N.Z., 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE339DFABB3C6FFAE1" box="[1200,1352,1360,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1990-05-21">21 May 1990</date>
, A.J.D. Tennyson (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE363FFA9F3841FA05" box="[274,358,1396,1420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3640FA9838ABFA05" box="[365,396,1395,1420]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015799).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFA7C389AFA5D" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFA7C3B14FA39" bold="true" box="[199,563,1431,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE37DFFA7C3B0EFA39" box="[242,553,1431,1456]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carunculatus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37DFFA7C3B0EFA39" bold="true" box="[242,553,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Philesturnus carunculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE3513FA733B43FA39" box="[574,612,1432,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
, 4♀, South Island, N.Z., 1892, Buller Collection, Canterbury Museum Skin (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE37F4FA57380AFA5D" box="[217,301,1468,1492]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3619FA503874FA5D" box="[308,339,1467,1492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015800).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAFA343B44F995" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAFA343899FA71" bold="true" box="[199,446,1503,1528]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE37DFFA343892FA71" box="[242,437,1503,1528]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37DFFA343892FA71" bold="true" box="[242,437,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Callaeas cinerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE36E4FA0B38C9FA71" box="[457,494,1504,1528]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Preservation Inlet, Fiordland, N.Z., 
<date id="1F20107FFFE5FFDE34B1FA0B3D11FA71" box="[924,1078,1504,1528]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" value="1902-06-30">30 Jun. 1902</date>
, Smyth Collection, Canterbury Museum Skin 1118 (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3652F9EF38F4F995" box="[383,467,1540,1564]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE36F7F9E838DDF995" box="[474,506,1539,1564]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015791).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAF9CC3D83F9C9" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" box="[199,1188,1575,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAF9CC3892F9C9" bold="true" box="[199,437,1575,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
Ex 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE37C3F9CC388BF9C9" box="[238,428,1575,1600]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37C3F9CC388BF9C9" bold="true" box="[238,428,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Callaeas wilsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
1♀, North Island, N.Z., no date, N.M. 17651 (
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3492F9C33D34F9C9" box="[959,1043,1576,1600]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">MONZ</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="0D8FAE7AFFE5FFDE3337F9CC3D1EF9C9" box="[1050,1081,1575,1600]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">AI</collectionCode>
.015792).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23846534FFE5FFC037EAF9A0389BFEC9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDE37EAF9A038F3F97D" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE37EAF9A0381CF9ED" bold="true" box="[199,315,1611,1636]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Remarks.</emphasis>
No significant qualitative differences were found among the populations of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE3385F9A03CBCF9ED" box="[1192,1435,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE3385F9A03CBCF9ED" box="[1192,1435,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(totals of slide-mounted specimens: 
<specimenCount id="7D98FD36FFE5FFDE3506F99B3B7AF901" box="[555,605,1648,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" type="generic">12♂</specimenCount>
, 26♀) from the four species of regular hosts listed above. Considering that we only have a single male and a single female from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE35DEF9783A70F925" box="[755,855,1683,1708]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE35DEF9783A70F925" box="[755,855,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Callaeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no conclusion can be drawn from a comparison of their dimensions with those from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE3532F95C3B8AF959" box="[543,685,1719,1744]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE3532F95C3B8AF959" box="[543,685,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Philesturnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lice. At present, we are confident that all the material examined belongs to the same species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE5FFDF37EAF9143D73FEC9" blockId="14.[151,1437,1107,2032]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="495" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">
The 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE5FFDE362FF8EB3887F891" box="[258,416,1791,1816]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
endemic 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE3532F9143BB2F891" box="[543,661,1791,1816]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
is a strong monophyletic family with no clear close relatives, comprising three genera and five species (
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE5FFDE35BAF8C83AFAF8B5" author="Shepherd" box="[663,989,1827,1852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" refString="Shepherd L. D. &amp; Lambert, D. M. (2007) The relationships and origins of the New Zealand wattlebirds (Passeriformes, Callaeatidae [sic]) from DNA sequence analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43 (2), 480 - 492. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.12.008" type="journal article" year="2007">Shepherd &amp; Lambert 2007</bibRefCitation>
). One species, the huia (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE323DF8C838EAF8E9" authority="Gould, 1837" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Heteralocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE323DF8C83830F8D6" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Heteralocha acutirostris</emphasis>
(Gould, 1837))
</taxonomicName>
is extinct and with no 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE35C9F8AC3A62F8E9" box="[740,837,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE35C9F8AC3A62F8E9" box="[740,837,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lice recorded from it (
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE5FFDE337EF8AC3CB7F8E9" author="Pilgrim" box="[1107,1424,1863,1888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" refString="Pilgrim, R. L. C. &amp; Palma, R. L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, 6, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1982">Pilgrim &amp; Palma 1982: 28</bibRefCitation>
). Considering the uniqueness of this family of birds, it is both surprising and puzzling to find that 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE3211F8803805F821" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE3211F8803805F821" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears so much resemblance to species parasitic on thrushes (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE34FBF8643D66F821" box="[982,1089,1935,1960]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
). If these two families of birds have diverged so long ago, as the ornithological evidence indicates (
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE5FFDE348CF8583DF1F845" author="Shepherd" box="[929,1238,1971,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" refString="Shepherd L. D. &amp; Lambert, D. M. (2007) The relationships and origins of the New Zealand wattlebirds (Passeriformes, Callaeatidae [sic]) from DNA sequence analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43 (2), 480 - 492. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.12.008" type="journal article" year="2007">Shepherd &amp; Lambert 2007</bibRefCitation>
), this is a case of either a remarkable morphological convergence among their 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE5FFDE346EF83C3A84F879" box="[835,931,2007,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE5FFDE346EF83C3A84F879" box="[835,931,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="494">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lice, or a relatively recent host switch of lice from a turdid to the 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3654FF7C38C8FF39" box="[377,495,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
or their ancestor. Although there is no evidence of any native turdid species having lived in 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE4FFDF37D6FF5638B0FF5C" box="[251,407,188,213]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, the island thrush (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3551FF573D3BFF5D" authority="Latham, 1802" authorityName="Latham" authorityYear="1802" box="[636,1052,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliocephalus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3551FF573A56FF5C" box="[636,881,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Turdus poliocephalus</emphasis>
Latham, 1802
</taxonomicName>
) is widespread on islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean, including 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE4FFDF353DFF343B93FF71" box="[528,692,223,248]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
in the 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE4FFDF342EFF0B3ABDFF71" box="[771,922,223,248]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Subregion (Checklist Committee 2010: 313). Perhaps 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF37D1FEEF38D5FE94" box="[252,498,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliocephalus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37D1FEEF38D5FE94" box="[252,498,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Turdus poliocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or its ancestor may have coexisted with the 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF333AFEEF3DAAFE94" box="[1047,1165,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
or their ancestor, thus allowing for a transfer of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF369BFECC3B31FEC9" box="[438,534,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF369BFECC3B31FEC9" box="[438,534,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF35C9FECC3A6FFEC9" box="[740,840,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
onto one of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF34FBFECC3D77FEC9" box="[982,1104,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3FE16637FFE4FFDF37BAFAD03C44FAF9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232356/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1299]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE4FFDF37BAFAD03C44FAF9" blockId="15.[151,1436,1339,1392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37BAFAD03A05FAD8" bold="true" box="[151,802,1339,1361]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">
FIGURE 7. Female terminalia. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF36C6FAD03A05FAD8" box="[491,802,1339,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Melibrueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaeseelandiae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF36C6FAD03A05FAD8" bold="true" box="[491,802,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF33A3FAD03C4AFAD8" box="[1166,1389,1339,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF33A3FAD03C4AFAD8" bold="true" box="[1166,1389,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (C) dorsal view; (D) ventral view. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF36E1FAB13B7EFAF9" box="[460,601,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Abbreviations</emphasis>
: pssVII, postspiracular seta of tergite VII; tr, trichoid seta of the tergite VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE4FFDF37EAFA7739DBF9E0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1436,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">
The probability that 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3682FA773B85FA3C" box="[431,674,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3682FA773B85FA3C" box="[431,674,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be the result of a host switch from any of the two species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF37BAFA2B39C4FA50" box="[151,227,1472,1497]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37BAFA2B39C4FA50" box="[151,227,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Turdus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
introduced to 
<collectingCountry id="1389762FFFE4FFDF36A8FA2A3B3CFA50" box="[389,539,1472,1497]" name="New Zealand" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
by humans in the 1860’s, i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3444FA2A3AF6FA50" box="[873,977,1472,1497]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merula">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3444FA2A3AF6FA50" box="[873,977,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">T. merula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3324FA2A3835FA74" authority="Checklist Committee 2010: 313" authorityName="Checklist Committee" authorityPageNumber="313" authorityYear="2010" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philomelos">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3324FA2A3DB8FA50" box="[1033,1183,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">T. philomelos</emphasis>
(Checklist Committee 2010: 313)
</taxonomicName>
is extremely low. The widespread geographical and host distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF336BFA0D3DD7FA74" box="[1094,1264,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF336BFA0D3D70FA74" box="[1094,1111,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF334BFA0F3DD7FA74" box="[1126,1264,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the short time elapsed between the introduction of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF351CF9E23BBCF9A8" box="[561,667,1544,1569]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merula">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF351CF9E23BBCF9A8" box="[561,667,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">T. merula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF35F9F9E23A4BF9A8" box="[724,876,1544,1569]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philomelos">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF35F9F9E23A4BF9A8" box="[724,876,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">T. philomelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the earliest collection date of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF33DFF9E23CBCF9A8" box="[1266,1435,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF33DFF9E23C24F9A9" box="[1266,1283,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF323CF9E33CBCF9A8" box="[1297,1435,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above), and the differences, admittedly subtle, between 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3440F9C53D39F9CC" box="[877,1054,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3440F9C53A59F9CC" box="[877,894,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF34BEF9C73D39F9CC" box="[915,1054,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF334DF9C53DDDF9CC" box="[1120,1274,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turdinulae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF334DF9C53DDDF9CC" box="[1120,1274,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">B. turdinulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, exclude that scenario.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFE4FFDF37EAF99F3891F87C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1436,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">
The absence of morphological differentiation between 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3407F99F3AADF904" box="[810,906,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3407F99F3AADF904" box="[810,906,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations from two apparently very different host genera— 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF361AF97338BCF938" box="[311,411,1688,1713]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF361AF97338BCF938" box="[311,411,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Callaeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF36F5F9733B42F938" box="[472,613,1688,1713]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF36F5F9733B42F938" box="[472,613,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Philesturnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—is also surprising given the considerable genetic divergence between these two avian taxa (10% and 13% divergence for the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI], respectively; L.D. Shepherd pers. comm. 
<date id="1F20107FFFE4FFDF3543F90A3BC1F970" box="[622,742,1761,1785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" value="2014-06">June 2014</date>
). It seems most likely that the lack of differentiation between the 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF37ECF8EF3806F894" box="[193,289,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37ECF8EF3806F894" box="[193,289,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations living on kokakos and saddlebacks results from continuous gene flow. Several species of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF37BAF8C339DFF8C8" box="[151,248,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37BAF8C339DFF8C8" box="[151,248,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been frequently recorded as dispersing by means of parasitic louse-flies which move from one host to another (phoresy) regardless of the host relationships (
<bibRefCitation id="0F0F4B4EFFE4FFDF3439F8A73AD3F8EC" author="Johnson" box="[788,1012,1868,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" refString="Johnson, K. P., Adams, R. J. &amp; Clayton, D. H. (2002) The phylogeny of the louse genus Brueelia does not reflect host phylogeny. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77 (2), 233 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8312.2002.00107. x" type="journal article" year="2002">
Johnson 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3454F8A53A96F8EC" box="[889,945,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 245). Indeed, we have examined two females and one male 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3689F89B3BBCF800" box="[420,667,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3689F89B3BBCF800" box="[420,667,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attached to the abdomen of a louse-fly (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF33AEF89B3DFAF800" box="[1155,1245,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF33C1F89B3CBFF800" box="[1260,1432,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hippoboscidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF37BAF87F3835F824" box="[151,274,1940,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Ornithoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF37BAF87F3835F824" box="[151,274,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Ornithoica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) collected from a live North Island saddleback (
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFE4FFDF3448F87F3D45F824" box="[869,1122,1940,1965]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufusater">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFE4FFDF3448F87F3D45F824" box="[869,1122,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="495">Philesturnus rufusater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on Tiritiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, N.Z., in 
<date id="1F20107FFFE4FFDF36BAF8523B2EF858" box="[407,521,1977,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" value="2003-06">June 2003</date>
by K. Hale (AI. 
<date id="1F20107FFFE4FFDF3591F8533A31F858" box="[700,790,1976,2001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="495" value="57-03-28">032857</date>
, MONZ). This is tangible evidence that this louse species does disperse by phoresy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B2136BFFFFBFFC037EAFF7C389BFEC9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">
The lack of speciation between the 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC03576FF7C3B9CFF39" box="[603,699,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC03576FF7C3B9CFF39" box="[603,699,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC034A0FF7C3AD6FF39" box="[909,1009,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Callaeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC034A0FF7C3AD6FF39" box="[909,1009,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Callaeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC03304FF7C3D90FF39" box="[1065,1207,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" genus="Philesturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC03304FF7C3D90FF39" box="[1065,1207,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Philesturnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is analogous to that between the 
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC03607FF57389CFF5C" box="[298,443,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Melibrueelia</emphasis>
populations from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC035BFFF573A19FF5C" box="[658,830,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Meliphagidae" genus="Prosthemadera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC035BFFF573A19FF5C" box="[658,830,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Prosthemadera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC03457FF573ACFFF5C" box="[890,1000,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Meliphagidae" genus="Anthornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC03457FF573ACFFF5C" box="[890,1000,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Anthornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed above in this paper. As mentioned above under 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC03689FF343BD0FF71" box="[420,759,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Melibrueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaeseelandiae">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC03689FF343BD0FF71" box="[420,759,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Melibrueelia novaeseelandiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genetic studies of 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC034E3FF343DE6FF71" box="[974,1217,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callaeincola">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC034E3FF343DE6FF71" box="[974,1217,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Brueelia callaeincola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and similar species from 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC037FBFEEF381DFE94" box="[214,314,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
as well as other 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC036D1FEEF3B7AFE94" box="[508,605,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59EAEAADFFFBFFC036D1FEEF3B7AFE94" box="[508,605,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="496">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from families believed to be close to the 
<taxonomicName id="AC9E4D3CFFFBFFC03316FEEF3D93FE94" box="[1083,1204,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Callaeatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Callaeidae</taxonomicName>
, may reveal the true relationships of these lice.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>