543 lines
78 KiB
XML
543 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="12C24B8210CA528360AC8A3577913775" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4568b1e7-6855-43a0-b8d5-efad5fcd2bd7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255688" ID-ZooBank="8F6F6E5F-A273-40AF-B9CC-0C20A5CFC313" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458037537644" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souza, Stella, Morais, Ana Laura, Bichuette, Maria Elina & Leal-Zanchet, Ana" docDate="2016" docId="D42F87FEFFD9FF871ECFF9E8FB897156" docLanguage="en" docName="15619-5154-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4092 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Girardia desiderensis Souza & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="114" masterDocId="2816FF86FFD8FF801E58FFCEFF9C7421" masterDocTitle="Two new species of freshwater flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola) from South American caves" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1698184551737" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="C0ADABF129270324F75407CEB6E06B9E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BE4B203E3CF119624491CEABC60ECF47">
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<mods:title id="1876DB850AFF04875568776B564FBE46">Two new species of freshwater flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola) from South American caves</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EB363F5B888BBD6C7EA093FA6B2A48D1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="967B965BD7F488EBCDA2424CB82A65EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="870459789CD4FA314B36C4BD33F4AFFC">Souza, Stella</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="762DA6CC248574E11EB81B98EF9B1040">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="71EE40694F0AABF99A5A102FE515512B">Morais, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1668F430989BB8A06955DF7E41227D47" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B50D2715F165F4C7A665787B2C2F2EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="862700042E42F346B8944F6B5CC2150D">Bichuette, Maria Elina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="99DDED3EB6C6E2A1D6FD124E8266616E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="94AEF1C4ED1E5157AFA259ED0F2D5402">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="639BCD901FA72A35BD8FE0396A5FC250">Leal-Zanchet, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="29CD84A42A6CE7B0B75C86F8F1A06595">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FEC98E7CED16157B04114A321E73D918">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B081A4F0575340D280F833195594C12C">
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<mods:date id="EB4F5B2DCD5812DF8594269061078B59">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D75A73F5AE486748F03CC16C5C6F2201">4092</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4D5B25FBF2EF14257E0896A3A66D3D43" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="58A82D005AAADB49F4BB2CF8967D9644">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C7F5658AD2BCCC1A6870C19398A9A658">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="599AB5D61017FEDA0AC5CD1CA9FE3F17" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A2B06A07AA00A13035A7C81307B3A1E8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D42F87FEFFD9FF871ECFF9E8FB897156" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117912012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42F87FEFFD9FF871ECFF9E8FB897156" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D42F87FEFFD9FF871ECFF9E8FB897156" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="149C6563FFD9FF811ECFF9E8FC837261" box="[151,799,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811ECFF9E8FC837261" blockId="1.[151,799,1574,1600]" box="[151,799,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="07718184FFD9FF811ECFF9E8FC837261" bold="true" box="[151,799,1574,1600]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811ECFF9E8FC837261" bold="true" box="[151,799,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFD9FF811ECFF9E8FD267261" authority="Souza & Leal-Zanchet" authorityName="Souza & Leal-Zanchet" box="[151,698,1574,1600]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811ECFF9E8FE047261" bold="true" box="[151,408,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
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Souza & Leal-Zanchet
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="75C15781FFD9FF811C99F9E8FC837261" box="[705,799,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="149C6563FFD9FF811ECFF9A0FD1D728B" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811ECFF9A0FD1D728B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811ECFF9A0FE8272A4" bold="true" box="[151,286,1646,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name refers to its type-locality, the region of São Desidério, with one of the largest hydrogeological systems in South
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<collectingCountry id="24917678FFD9FF811C41F95FFDE1728B" box="[537,637,1681,1706]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="149C6563FFD9FF811E9FF97BFC46737F" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811E9FF97BFBDB72D3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811E9FF97BFE2E72EF" bold="true" box="[199,434,1717,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="833D884AFFD9FF811FE2F97BFDBB72EF" box="[442,551,1717,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MZUSP PL.1644: “Gruta da Baixa Fria” cave, São Desidério, state of Bahia (BA),
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<collectingCountry id="24917678FFD9FF811E86F917FEB972D3" box="[222,293,1753,1778]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="28381028FFD9FF811F69F917FD9972D0" box="[305,517,1753,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" value="2008-11-04">4. November 2008</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811C48F917FDA672D0" box="[528,570,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">coll</emphasis>
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. M.E. Bichuette, sagittal sections on 19 slides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811E9FF930FB32731B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<typeStatus id="833D884AFFD9FF811E9FF930FEA57334" box="[199,313,1790,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: “Gruta da Baixa Fria” cave, São Desidério, BA,
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<collectingCountry id="24917678FFD9FF811D2DF933FC207337" box="[885,956,1789,1814]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="28381028FFD9FF811D91F930FB3E7337" box="[969,1186,1789,1814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" value="2008-11-04">4. November 2008</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811AF6F933FB447334" box="[1198,1240,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">coll</emphasis>
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. M.E. Bichuette. MZU PL. 00208: sagittal sections on 19 slides; MZU PL. 00209: sagittal sections on 9 slides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811E9FF88BFC46737F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" box="[199,986,1861,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811E9FF88BFEF4737F" bold="true" box="[199,360,1861,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Type-locality.</emphasis>
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“Gruta da Baixa Fria” cave, São Desidério, BA,
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<collectingCountry id="24917678FFD9FF811DD6F88BFC4A737F" box="[910,982,1861,1886]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="149C6563FFD9FF811E9FF8A7FBBB73A3" box="[199,1063,1897,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811E9FF8A7FBBB73A3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" box="[199,1063,1897,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811E9FF8A7FEFC73A3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1897,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from the type-locality, São Desidério, BA,
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<collectingCountry id="24917678FFD9FF811D82F8A7FBBE73A3" box="[986,1058,1897,1922]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="149C6563FFD9FF811E9FF843FCF973E8" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFD9FF811E9FF843FCF973E8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1645,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811E9FF843FEDD7387" bold="true" box="[199,321,1933,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Troglobitic
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFD9FF811F8DF843FDA47384" box="[469,568,1933,1957]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="1" pageNumber="108" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFD9FF811F8DF843FDA47384" box="[469,568,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">Girardia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species characterized by ventral testes, an ovoid, branched bulbar cavity; small, blunt penis papilla; broad bursal canal of the angled
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<typeStatus id="833D884AFFD9FF811D75F87CFCFD73E8" box="[813,865,1970,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="08F96660FFDAFF821ECFF8F7FB1B73C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255689/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" targetBox="[220,1362,201,1837]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDAFF821ECFF8F7FB1B73C9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1848,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821ECFF8F7FEAF736F" bold="true" box="[151,307,1849,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">FIGURES 1–5</emphasis>
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. Sampling areas of
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDAFF821FA6F8F6FD46736F" box="[510,730,1848,1870]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821FA6F8F6FD46736F" box="[510,730,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDAFF821D53F8F6FC6E736F" box="[779,1010,1848,1870]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pierremartini">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821D53F8F6FC6E736F" box="[779,1010,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Girardia pierremartini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the karst areas of São Desidério, Bahia state, and Presidente Olegário, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: (1) location of the studied areas; (2) outcrops of Baixa Fria cave, São Desidério karst area (Photograph: J. E. Gallão); (3) sampling site of
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDAFF821D12F8B8FC7E73AD" box="[842,994,1910,1932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821D12F8B8FC7E73AD" box="[842,994,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the aphotic zone of Baixa Fria cave, São Desidério karst area (Photograph: J. E. Gallão); (4) sampling location of
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDAFF821D2CF85BFB8A738B" box="[884,1046,1941,1962]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pierremartini">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821D2CF85BFB8A738B" box="[884,1046,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">G. pierremartini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the photic zone of Lapa da Fazenda São Bernardo cave, Presidente Olegário karst area (Photograph: Ericson C. Igual); (5) sampling site of
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDAFF821AEFF87AFAC673E8" box="[1207,1370,1972,1993]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pierremartini">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDAFF821AEFF87AFAC673E8" box="[1207,1370,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">G. pierremartini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the twilight zone of Toca do Charco cave, Presidente Olegário karst area (Photograph: Tamires Zepon).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFBE7FEA2707F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[483,1103,193,1043]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDBFF831ECFFBE7FEA2707F" blockId="3.[151,1435,1065,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831ECFFBE7FEAB701F" bold="true" box="[151,311,1065,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">FIGURES 6–7</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDBFF831F1FFBE7FDBB701E" box="[327,551,1065,1087]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831F1FFBE7FDBB701E" box="[327,551,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL. 00209) in dorsal (6) and ventral (7) view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="149C6563FFDBFF871E9FFB44FB897156" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDBFF831E9FFB44FC19712E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1162,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
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||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831E9FFB44FEC57082" bold="true" box="[199,345,1162,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831F38FB44FDCA7083" box="[352,598,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Live specimens are eyeless and whitish. After fixation, pale yellow dorsal surface with scattered, fine pigmentation (
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<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831C35FB60FD2C70E6" box="[621,688,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1065,1086]" captionTargetBox="[483,1103,193,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1104,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Girardia desiderensis. Photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL. 00209) in dorsal (6) and ventral (7) view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Ventral surface whitish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831D8EFB60FB8570E6" box="[982,1049,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1065,1086]" captionTargetBox="[483,1103,193,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1104,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Girardia desiderensis. Photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL. 00209) in dorsal (6) and ventral (7) view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Triangular head with moderately sized auricles; posterior tip rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831C1AFB1CFD2C70CA" box="[578,688,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1065,1086]" captionTargetBox="[483,1103,193,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1104,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Girardia desiderensis. Photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL. 00209) in dorsal (6) and ventral (7) view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body up to
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDBFF831D08FB1DFC3470CB" box="[848,936,1235,1259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDBFF831A45FB1DFBFC70CB" box="[1053,1120,1235,1259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<tableCitation id="11040353FFDBFF831AE8FB1CFA9970CA" box="[1200,1285,1234,1259]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1342,1365]" captionTargetBox="[161,1306,1457,1675]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements, in mm, of preserved specimens of Girardia desiderensis. DG: distance of gonopore from anterior end; DM: distance of mouth from anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Mouth and gonopore located in the posterior half of the body (
|
||
<tableCitation id="11040353FFDBFF831C89FB38FCB9712E" box="[721,805,1270,1295]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1342,1365]" captionTargetBox="[161,1306,1457,1675]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements, in mm, of preserved specimens of Girardia desiderensis. DG: distance of gonopore from anterior end; DM: distance of mouth from anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831D6CFB38FCEB712E" box="[820,887,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1065,1086]" captionTargetBox="[483,1103,193,1043]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1104,193,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Girardia desiderensis. Photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL. 00209) in dorsal (6) and ventral (7) view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" ID-Table-UUID="08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08F96660FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" targetBox="[161,1306,1457,1675]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDBFF831ECFFAF0FEA471B4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1341,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831ECFFAF0FE917174" bold="true" box="[151,269,1342,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements, in mm, of preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDBFF831D1EFAF3FBB37174" box="[838,1071,1341,1365]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831D1EFAF3FBB37174" box="[838,1071,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. DG: distance of gonopore from anterior end; DM: distance of mouth from anterior end. The numbers given in parentheses represent the position relative to body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDBFF831FB0FA7FFB4172AA" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<table id="2E86C448FFDB007F1EF9FA7FFA8672AA" box="[161,1306,1457,1675]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<tr id="E2B634AAFFDB007F1EF9FA7FFA8671C7" box="[161,1306,1457,1510]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1FB0FA7FFD3C71C7" box="[488,672,1457,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Holotype MZUSP PL. 1644</th>
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1D68FA7FFC4E71C7" box="[816,978,1457,1510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Paratype MZU PL.00208</th>
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1A20FA7FFA8671C7" box="[1144,1306,1457,1510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Paratype MZU PL.00209</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2B634AAFFDB007F1EF9FA37FA86722E" box="[161,1306,1529,1551]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1EF9FA37FF75722E" box="[161,233,1529,1551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Length</th>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1FB0FA37FD3C722E" box="[488,672,1529,1551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1D68FA37FC4E722E" box="[816,978,1529,1551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">6</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1A20FA37FA86722E" box="[1144,1306,1529,1551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">5.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2B634AAFFDB007F1EF9F9ECFA867219" box="[161,1306,1570,1592]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1EF9F9ECFF757219" box="[161,233,1570,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Width</th>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1FB0F9ECFD3C7219" box="[488,672,1570,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">3</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1D68F9ECFC4E7219" box="[816,978,1570,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">3</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1A20F9ECFA867219" box="[1144,1306,1570,1592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2B634AAFFDB007F1EF9F982FA867243" box="[161,1306,1612,1634]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1EF9F982FF757243" box="[161,233,1612,1634]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">DM</th>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1FB0F982FD3C7243" box="[488,672,1612,1634]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">5 (77%)</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1D68F982FC4E7243" box="[816,978,1612,1634]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">4 (67%)</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1A20F982FA867243" box="[1144,1306,1612,1634]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">4 (73%)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2B634AAFFDB007F1EF9F9BBFA8672AA" box="[161,1306,1653,1675]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<th id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1EF9F9BBFF7572AA" box="[161,233,1653,1675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">DG</th>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1FB0F9BBFD3C72AA" box="[488,672,1653,1675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">5.5 (85%)</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1D68F9BBFC4E72AA" box="[816,978,1653,1675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">5 (83%)</td>
|
||
<td id="A1675DD6FFDB007F1A20F9BBFA8672AA" box="[1144,1306,1653,1675]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">4.5 (82%)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDBFF831E9FF901FDD873BC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1743,1949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDBFF831E9FF901FCA972C6" box="[199,821,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Epidermis, cutaneous musculature and sensory organs.</emphasis>
|
||
Epidermis constituted of a columnar epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831B3CF901FF5F732C" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Figs. 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
), ciliated on the ventral body surface. The whole epidermis receives xanthophil, rhabditogen secretion (rhammites), as well as sparse secretions of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDBFF831C81F8D6FC88730E" box="[729,788,1816,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glands: (1) xanthophil, coarse granular secretion; (2) erythrophil, fine granular secretion; (3) cyanophil amorphous secretion. Rhammites are more densely distributed at the dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDBFF831F24F891FE587359" box="[380,452,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The xanthophil and erythrophil glands concentrate their openings medially at the anterior and posterior tips of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08F96660FFDCFF841ECFF91DFD2F7307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" targetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDCFF841ECFF91DFD2F7307" blockId="4.[151,1436,1747,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDCFF841ECFF91DFEDE72C9" bold="true" box="[151,322,1747,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">FIGURES 8–13</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDCFF841F09F91DFDB272C8" box="[337,558,1747,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDCFF841F09F91DFDB272C8" box="[337,558,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11–13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11–12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDCFF841E88F8A3FF7A73C8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1900,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">Cutaneous musculature of three layers, viz. a thin subepithelial circular layer, followed by an oblique layer with decussate fibers and a thicker layer of longitudinal muscle. The cutaneous musculature is weakly developed; the ventral (13–16 µm thick) is slightly higher than the dorsal musculature (5–10 µm thick) in the pre-pharyngeal region.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="08F96660FFDDFF851E9FFB36FDCA710F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" targetBox="[258,1303,161,1248]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDDFF851E9FFB36FDCA710F" blockId="5.[151,1435,1272,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDDFF851E9FFB36FED7712C" bold="true" box="[199,331,1272,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDDFF851F02FB36FDAB712F" box="[346,567,1272,1294]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDDFF851F02FB36FDAB712F" box="[346,567,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDDFF851E9FFA96FED97193" blockId="5.[151,1437,1368,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">The auricular sensory organs are lined with densely ciliated, columnar epithelium, with insunk nuclei. Few cyanophil secretory cells open through this epithelium. The cutaneous musculature is very thin at the level of the sensory organs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDDFF851E9FFA72FC417218" blockId="5.[151,1437,1368,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDDFF851E9FFA72FE1671F2" box="[199,394,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Digestive system</emphasis>
|
||
. Pharynx cylindrical, non-pigmented; about 1/4 of the body length. It is located in the median third of the body. Mouth at the posterior end of the pharyngeal pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851A79FA13FBEA71D7" box="[1057,1142,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). An esophagus, between 1/8 to 1/9 of the pharyngeal length, connects the pharynx with the intestine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851A45FA30FBE87236" box="[1053,1140,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Intestine with the usual tricladid form, with the anterior intestinal trunk extending onto the brain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDDFF851E9FF98FFEFE7386" blockId="5.[151,1437,1368,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDDFF851E9FF98FFE677278" box="[199,507,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Male reproductive system</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851C4BF98FFD04727B" box="[531,664,1601,1626]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionStartId-1="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figs. 9–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Numerous testicular follicles, about 70–100 µm in diameter, arranged in various irregular ventral rows on either side of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851DF4F9ACFBC8725A" box="[940,1108,1634,1659]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figs. 9, 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Testes extend from about
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDDFF851BD6F9ADFF5F72BD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the anterior tip (equal to 20–25% of body length in sagittal sections), just behind the ovaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851B1FF94AFA1172BC" box="[1351,1421,1668,1693]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), to the posterior end of the body. Sperm ducts dorsal to the nerve cords. They ascend laterally to the copulatory apparatus, in an almost straight vertical course, and separately penetrate the penis bulb. Close to their opening, the sperm ducts diminish in diameter, form a short loop, and turn anteriad. Each duct opens into lateral expansions of the bulbar cavity. This cavity is large, with an ovoid aspect in the sagittal plane, and shows two lateral ovoid expansions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851F9FF8E4FDCA7362" box="[455,598,1834,1859]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionStartId-1="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). A narrow and short ejaculatory duct traverses the blunt penis papilla (about 140–190 µm long and 110–125 µm wide at its basis), which may form a circular fold at the basis of the penis papilla (
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDDFF851F6FF8A3FE0173A7" box="[311,413,1901,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDDFF851F8BF8A0FDAA73A4" box="[467,566,1902,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MZU PL. 00208). The penis papilla is obliquely oriented in the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDDFF851EC7F840FEC97386" box="[159,341,1934,1959]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionStartId-1="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Figs. 11, 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDDFF861E9FF87EFBEF76E7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1368,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Sperm ducts lined with a ciliated, cuboidal epithelium, becoming flattened in the spermiducal vesicles; they are coated mainly with circular muscles (about 2 µm thick). The penis bulb consists of a loose connective tissue with necks of cyanophil penial glands and scarce interwoven muscle fibers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861A41FF59FB397491" box="[1049,1189,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bulbar cavity lined with a non-ciliated, cuboidal to columnar epithelium, which is underlain by a weak layer of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscles (about 2 µm thick). Abundant cyanophil penial glands, with coarse granular secretion and extrabulbar cell bodies, open into the bulbar cavity. This secretion is usually visible in the bulbar cavity as an amorphous mass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861FCBFED3FDBC7517" box="[403,544,285,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ejaculatory duct lined with non-ciliated, flat to cuboidal epithelium; it is surrounded by a thin muscularis composed of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscles (about 1–2 µm thick). Cyanophil glands with coarse granular secretion and extrabulbar cell bodies and scarce xanthophil/ erythrophil glands with subepithelial cell bodies open into this duct. The penis papilla is covered with a nonciliated, cuboidal to columnar epithelium containing some insunk nuclei. Muscularis of the penis papilla composed of a subepithelial layer of circular fibres, followed by a layer of longitudinal fibres (about 6–7 µm thick), becoming thinner and consisting of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscles towards the tip of the papilla. Penial glands with amorphous, slightly cyanophil secretion and xanthophil glands with granular secretion open through the epithelium of the penis papilla. Cyanophil glands with extrabulbar cell bodies; xanthophil/erythrophil glands with subepithelial cell bodies. Male atrium lined with a non-ciliated, columnar epithelium with some insunk nuclei (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861C19FDA4FD5076A2" box="[577,716,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male atrial muscularis (3–4 µm thick) is constituted of a subepithelial layer of circular fibres, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal fibres. Glands with cyanophil amorphous secretion and subepithelial cell bodies open into the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861A48FD63FBF976E7" box="[1040,1125,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDEFF861E9FFD1CFC577036" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861E9FFD1CFD8B76CB" box="[199,535,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Female reproductive system</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861C76FD1CFD7E76CA" box="[558,738,722,747]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionStartId-1="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 9, 11–14</figureCitation>
|
||
).Vitellaria well developed, located dorsally and between intestinal branches. Ovaries ovoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861C6EFD3DFDE1772D" box="[566,637,755,780]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), about 90 µm in diameter. They are situated dorsally to the ventral nerve cords, in close proximity to the brain (between
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDEFF861D51FCDBFC0F770C" box="[777,915,789,813]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9999999999999996" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.39999999999999997" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind it) and about
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDEFF861AD7FCDBFA86770C" box="[1167,1306,789,813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind the anterior tip (equal to 18% to 23% of body length in sagittal sections). Ovovitelline ducts arising from the lateral surface of the ovaries, sometimes displaced to the dorsal surface, and running backwards dorsally to the sperm ducts and nerve cords. Just behind the gonoduct, the ovovitelline ducts turn dorsally to open separately into the most distal part of the bursal canal, in close proximity to each other. Copulatory bursa ovoid, located in close proximity to the pharyngeal pocket (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861C12FC75FD4477F5" box="[586,728,955,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bursal canal short and broad, mainly horizontal disposed, showing a sharp bend just before communicating with the female canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861D81FC12FBA577D4" box="[985,1081,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861A1DFC12FBF877D4" box="[1093,1124,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonoduct almost straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861EC7FC30FEB77036" box="[159,299,1022,1047]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionStartId-1="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox-0="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 12–14</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly inclining forward to communicate with the atria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDEFF861E9FFBD1FBEA720D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Ovovitelline ducts lined with ciliated, cuboidal nucleated epithelium with some insunk nuclei. They are covered mainly by circular muscle fibres (about 2 µm thick). Copulatory bursa lined with non-ciliated, columnar epithelium with the usual morphology. The bursa of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861D70FBACFC16705A" box="[808,906,1122,1147]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
contains some spermatozoids absorbed by its epithelial cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861F0AFB4DFE4270BD" box="[338,478,1155,1180]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bursal canal lined with a ciliated, columnar nucleated epithelium with irregular height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861EB5FB6AFEEE709C" box="[237,370,1188,1213]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
|
||
) and some insunk nuclei, receiving cyanophil amorphous secretion. Glands with fine granular, strong xanthophil secretion (shell glands) open into the bursal canal distally to the ovovitelline duct openings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861B37FB08FF2A7121" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The muscularis of the bursal canal (about 5–10 µm thick) is constituted of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibres. Female canal lined with a tall columnar epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861D63FAC7FC137103" box="[827,911,1289,1314]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), the cells of which show irregular height and some insunk nuclei. The muscularis of the female canal (about 10 µm thick) is constituted of interwoven circular and longitudinal fibres. Few cyanophil glands with subepithelial cell bodies open into the female canal. Gonoduct lined by tall columnar epithelium with irregular height, ciliated in its ectal portion, and coated with a subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle (about 8–12 µm thick). Abundant cement glands with coarse granular, xanthophil secretion of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861D70FA7EFCFF71E6" box="[808,867,1456,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(one coarser than the other, the coarser one with cromophobous secretion in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861C40FA1FFDE071CB" box="[536,636,1489,1514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and glands with heavily stained, cyanophil amorphous secretion discharge into the gonoduct. These glands have long cell necks and their cell bodies are scattered in the mesenchyme, some of them adjacent to the muscle layers of the gonoduct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861DB8F9DDFBF5720D" box="[992,1129,1555,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDEFF861E9FF9FAFC817293" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861E9FF9FAFECC726C" bold="true" box="[199,336,1588,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
All analysed specimens show well developed vitellaria, indicating that they are mature specimens. The occurrence of a circular fold at the basis of the penis papilla of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861A3AF998FB5A724E" box="[1122,1222,1622,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861A8FF998FAAA724E" box="[1239,1334,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861B1CF998FAFD724E" box="[1348,1377,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="5.[199,298,1272,1293]" captionTargetBox="[258,1303,161,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1354,161,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 14. Girardia desiderensis. Sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. The arrow indicates the contracted penis papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">14</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861ECFF9B6FF6672AE" box="[151,250,1656,1679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MZU PL. 0 0 208 may be due to contraction of the specimens during fixation, since this characteristic was not observed in
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDEFF861FDBF954FE7A7290" box="[387,486,1690,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
MZU PL. 0 0 209 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4BD2A6DFFDEFF861CE2F957FC927293" box="[698,782,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1747,1768]" captionTargetBox="[306,1280,193,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[306,1281,193,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Girardia desiderensis, in sagittal sections: (8) dorsal surface of the body of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (9) ovary and anterior testes of paratype MZU PL. 00209; (10) pharynx of the holotype; (11 – 13) copulatory apparatus of the holotype (11 – 12) and paratype MZU PL. 0 0 209 (13)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255691/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDEFF871E9FF974FDDE7544" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861E9FF974FE6F72F2" bold="true" box="[199,499,1722,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Comparative discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Considering the lack of eyes and whitish body, in live specimens, the troglobitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861ECFF910FE0472D7" box="[151,408,1758,1782]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861ECFF910FE0472D7" box="[151,408,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the majority of its congeners, which are heavily pigmented, epigean organisms. After fixation, it resembles the hypogean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861D5EF8CCFACA733A" authority="Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973" authorityName="Mitchell & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1973" box="[774,1366,1794,1819]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mckenziei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861D5EF8CCFC79733B" box="[774,997,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Girardia mckenziei</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDEFF861ECFF8E8FF6D731E" box="[151,241,1830,1855]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, regarding the slight pigmentation, but this species has two minute eyes (Mitchell & Kawakatsu 1973a). Eyes and pigmentation are also absent in other troglobitic congeners, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861A68F884FEFB73A6" authority="Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973" authorityName="Mitchell & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1973" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="typhlomexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861A68F884FA9B7343" box="[1072,1287,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">G. typhlomexicana</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861FC7F8A0FC0F73A6" authority="Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973" authorityName="Mitchell & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1973" box="[415,915,1902,1927]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="barbarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861FC7F8A0FDB573A7" box="[415,553,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">G. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDEFF861A40F8A0FBEE73A6" box="[1048,1138,1902,1927]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861AF7F8A0FEEC738A" authority="Souza et al., 2015" authorityName="Souza et al." authorityYear="2015" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multidiverticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861AF7F8A0FA0073A7" box="[1199,1436,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">G. multidiverticulata</emphasis>
|
||
Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861EBEF85DFEBF738B" box="[230,291,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem (Mitchell & Kawakatsu 1973b; Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861B54F85DFAD5738B" box="[1292,1353,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015). However, the preserved specimens of these three species have unpigmented body, differing from the pale-yellow body, with scattered pigmentation, of preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDEFF861D28F814FB8273D3" box="[880,1054,2010,2034]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDEFF861D28F814FB8273D3" box="[880,1054,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding body length, mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F6DFF56FE7E748E" box="[309,482,151,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F6DFF56FE7E748E" box="[309,482,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a maximal length of
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDFFF871D44FF56FCEA748E" box="[796,886,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871AFFFF56FA09748E" box="[1191,1429,151,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multidiverticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871AFFFF56FA09748E" box="[1191,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. multidiverticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDFFF871E8BFF72FEB974F5" box="[211,293,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="9B7E9B0DFFDFFF871F39FF72FE2E74F5" box="[353,434,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
lengths after fixation (Souza
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871D49FF72FCD174F5" box="[785,845,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871DF1FF72FB3874F5" box="[937,1188,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871DF1FF72FB3874F5" box="[937,1188,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from the hypogean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F40FF11FC5B74D9" authority="Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973" authorityName="Mitchell & Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1973" box="[280,967,223,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F40FF11FDAF74D6" box="[280,563,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Girardia guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchell & Kawakatsu, 1973)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDFFF871A70FF11FB1E74D9" box="[1064,1154,223,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as from the troglophilous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F81FECAFCC6753C" authority="Fuhrmann, 1914" authorityName="Fuhrmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[473,858,260,285]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="paramensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F81FECAFDE1753A" box="[473,637,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. paramensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fuhrmann, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported for the state of Pará, in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDFFF871B16FECAFA0B753C" box="[1358,1431,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which show heavily pigmented body and a pair of eyes (Mitchell & Kawakatsu 1973b; Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1981; Kawakatsu & Froehlich 1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDFFF871E9FFEA1FCA176A4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Regarding the reproductive system,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871C3CFEBEFC8C75A6" box="[612,784,367,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C3CFEBEFC8C75A6" box="[612,784,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from other troglobitic species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871EE0FE5AFED8758D" box="[184,324,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="barbarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871EE0FE5AFED8758D" box="[184,324,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. barbarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F0DFE5AFE74758D" box="[341,488,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mckenziei">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F0DFE5AFE74758D" box="[341,488,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. mckenziei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871C7CFE5AFD66758D" box="[548,762,404,428]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="typhlomexicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C7CFE5AFD66758D" box="[548,762,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. typhlomexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have dorsal and/or dorsoventral testes and do not show the distinctly angled bursal canal (Mitchell & Kawakatsu 1973a, b) as in
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871A39FE76FA8675EE" box="[1121,1306,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871A39FE76FA8A75EE" box="[1121,1302,439,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">G. desiderensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871ECFFE12FE0F75D5" box="[151,403,476,500]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871ECFFE12FE0F75D5" box="[151,403,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the troglobitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871C0BFE12FC8675D5" box="[595,794,476,500]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C0BFE12FC8675D5" box="[595,794,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871D0FFE12FBAE75D5" box="[855,1074,476,500]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multidiverticula">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871D0FFE12FBAE75D5" box="[855,1074,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. multidiverticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show ventral testes. However, both species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871FEDFDCEFDFE7636" box="[437,610,511,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871FEDFDCEFDFE7636" box="[437,610,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the form of the bulbar cavity and the position of the opening of the spermioducts. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F06FDEAFDBE761D" box="[350,546,548,572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F06FDEAFDBE761D" box="[350,546,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the single bulbar cavity receives the opening of the spermioducts in its very distal part, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871FE8FD86FD3F767E" box="[432,675,583,608]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multidiverticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871FE8FD86FD3F767E" box="[432,675,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. multidiverticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the large bulbar cavity, with multiple diverticula, receives the opening of each sperm duct in one of its lateral diverticula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDFFF871E9FFD5EFB31705C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
In relation to the epigean species, the reproductive system of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871DDBFD5EFBB37686" box="[899,1071,655,680]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871DDBFD5EFBB37686" box="[899,1071,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar gross morphology with that of some specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C5EFD7AFDF976EA" box="[518,613,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
(Borelli, 1898), by having ventral testes, a forked bulbar cavity and an angled bursal canal (Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1984, Sluys 1992, Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871DA5FD16FBA376CE" box="[1021,1087,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871AFFFD19FAC276CE" box="[1191,1374,727,751]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="festae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871AFFFD19FAC276CE" box="[1191,1374,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Girardia festae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a polymorphic species, originally described from Bahía Blanca,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDFFF871D27FD32FC687734" box="[895,1012,764,789]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which was later reported for other localities in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24917678FFDFFF871FD8FCD1FE7F7719" box="[384,483,799,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1984, Sluys 1992, Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871A17FCEEFB0C7716" box="[1103,1168,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005), showing great variation in the anatomy of the bulbar cavity, penis papilla, ejaculatory duct and bursal canal. According to Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871EBCFCA6FEB8775E" box="[228,292,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005), the shape of the penis papilla is a well distinguishable feature of
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871A99FCA6FABA775E" box="[1217,1318,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. f e s t a e</emphasis>
|
||
, whereas Kawakatsu & Mitchell (1984) considered that its papilla is highly variable.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871DA3FC42FB687785" box="[1019,1268,908,932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871DA3FC42FB687785" box="[1019,1268,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">Girardia desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a small and blunt penis papilla, which only sometimes contracts and forms a circular fold or annular zone, superficially resembling or not resembling the penis papilla of
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C96FC1AFCB177CA" box="[718,813,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. f es t a e</emphasis>
|
||
, depending on the interpretation. However, the bulbar cavity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871F5EFC36FE28702E" box="[262,436,1015,1040]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F5EFC36FE28702E" box="[262,436,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a characteristic feature, which is its ovoid aspect at the sagittal plane and also ovoid lateral portions maintaining diameter to receive the openings of the spermioducts. In contrast, the single or forked, elongated or ovoid bulbar cavity of
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871CC5FB8EFD627076" box="[669,766,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. f es t a e</emphasis>
|
||
gradually diminishes in diameter in order to receive the openings of the spermioducts (Kawakatsu & Mitchell 1984, Sluys 1992, Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871A7AFBAAFBC0705D" box="[1058,1116,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDFFF871E9FFB49FE4A70C9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Other species with large and forked bulbar cavity, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871D3EFB46FAD07081" authority="Kawakatsu & Hauser, 1983" authorityName="Kawakatsu & Hauser" authorityYear="1983" box="[870,1356,1159,1184]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderlani">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871D3EFB46FC6970BE" box="[870,1013,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. anderlani</emphasis>
|
||
(Kawakatsu & Hauser, 1983)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871BDCFB46FE3070E5" authority="Sluys, 2005" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="2005" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="capacivasa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871BDCFB46FE8470E2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. capacivasa</emphasis>
|
||
Sluys, 2005
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have dorsal or dorsoventral testes, besides other differential characters (Kawakatsu
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871BDFFB62FF2970C6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1983, Sluys
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871F12FB1EFE1970C6" box="[330,389,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C3936E8FFDFFF871E9FFB3BFB897156" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">
|
||
In conclusion, the troglobitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B864D6BFFDFFF871C76FB3AFD7C712D" box="[558,736,1268,1292]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="desiderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EF2EAFAFFDFFF871C76FB3AFD7C712D" box="[558,736,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">G. desiderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a unique combination of characters of its external morphology, such as absence of eyes and body pigmentation, and of its copulatory apparatus, such as ventral testes, a small and blunt penis papilla, a broad bursal canal of the angled
|
||
<typeStatus id="833D884AFFDFFF871A7DFAF3FBC57175" box="[1061,1113,1341,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="114">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, and, especially, an ovoid, branched bulbar cavity, which distinguish the new species from its congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |