656 lines
82 KiB
XML
656 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bdbd00b-4927-4adb-9609-0cc35e1a7920" ID-PMC="PMC9005471" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" ID-PubMed="35586844" ID-ZooBank="3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-161" checkinTime="1648647504971" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stoehr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin" docDate="2022" docId="950096170B1B514498DCCF83315443E6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 161-216" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" docTitle="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A5459AA8-D154-47F1-833F-710652EF9636" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" masterDocTitle="Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1668151560559" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2719</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stoehr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-7239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9851</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1090</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>161</mods:start>
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<mods:end>216</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1090-161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194310893" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5459AA8-D154-47F1-833F-710652EF9636" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/950096170B1B514498DCCF83315443E6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A5459AA8-D154-47F1-833F-710652EF9636" authority="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii" status="sp. nov.">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="161">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="OK044292, OL712208" collectingDate="2018-03-29" country="China" county="Northeast of Xisha Islands" elevation="1070" latitude="18.699167" location="South" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="113.55133" municipality="Sea" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:950096170B1B514498DCCF83315443E6:6615E8D2A676B8CD191E363AA6278108" country="China" county="Northeast of Xisha Islands" latitude="18.699167" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="113.55133" municipality="Sea" name="South">South</location>
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality>Sea</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Northeast of Xisha Islands</collectingCounty>
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archipelago;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="41.95" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="18.699167">18°41.95'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="33.08" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="113.55133">113°33.08'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" unit="m" value="1070.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2018-03-29">29 Mar. 2018</collectingDate>
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; Collecting event: stn. SC004;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
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msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; GenBank:
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<accessionNumber isEnumeration="true">OK044292, OL712208</accessionNumber>
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; IDSSE-EEB-SW0086.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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; South
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-08-04" country="China" elevation="1111" latitude="13.921667" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.424" municipality="Southeast of Zhongsha Islands" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:950096170B1B514498DCCF83315443E6:8C461235AC7571AE054305A035616DF8" country="China" latitude="13.921667" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.424" municipality="Southeast of Zhongsha Islands" name="Sea">Sea</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Southeast of Zhongsha Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="55.30" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.921667">13°55.30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="25.44" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="115.424">115°25.44'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.111" unit="m" value="1111.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.111" unit="m" value="1111.0">1111 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2020-08-04">04 Aug. 2020</collectingDate>
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; Collecting event: stn. SC007;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
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msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; IDSSE-EEB-SW0087
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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Disc raised high above the arm, concealed by highly dense, small, rounded, finely rugose granular ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6A-C</figureCitation>
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). Jaws narrow, elongated, concealed by slightly larger, less rounded granular ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6E</figureCitation>
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). Arm surface concealed by granular ossicles similar to disc, but ventral surface of arm concealed by less rounded, more polygonal granular ossicles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6F-H</figureCitation>
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). Inner arm spine cylindrical, slightly club-shaped, with small sharp thorns on more than half its length (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6L-N</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW0086)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
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ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
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dorsal disc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
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lateral disc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
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oral frame
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
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dorsal arm (base)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
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lateral arm (proximal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
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dorsal arm (distal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
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ventral arm (base)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
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ventral arm (middle)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
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ventral arm (distal)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
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arm spine (arm base)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">M, N</emphasis>
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arm spines (middle)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">O, P</emphasis>
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arm spines (distal). Abbreviations:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
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arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">go</emphasis>
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granular ossicle,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">goc</emphasis>
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granular ossicles coat,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
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genital slit,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
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inner arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
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jaw,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
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outer arm spine,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
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radial shield,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
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teeth,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
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tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
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); 1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C, D, F, I, J</emphasis>
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); 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E, G, H, K, M, N, P</emphasis>
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); 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L, O</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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Disc diameter 10 mm, length of arms 220 mm, arm base width 3.3-3.5 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Disc more or less pentagonal, raised high above arm, and swollen in center (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Entire disc concealed by highly dense, small, rounded, finely rugose granular ossicles (eight or nine grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Granular ossicles similar in size and shape from center to periphery of disc (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields wide, straight, close together, but not meeting in center, and completely concealed by dense granulation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital slits narrow, vertical at interradii and densely covered with less rounded granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaws narrow, elongated, concealed by slightly larger less rounded granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
). At apex of jaw a blunt, spearhead-shaped tooth, and granular ossicles all over oral plates (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral disc densely covered with granular ossicles similar to dorsal disc (seven or nine grains in 1 mm) but less rounded around distal end of jaw and adoral shields (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral shields large, with curved edge, and connected to first arm segment. Oral shields not discernible and adoral shield spine covered by granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Arm width comparatively large in relation to body size, not arched, sub-cylindrical, width unchanged from base to middle half of arm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). From middle to distal end, arm tapering slightly and more cylindrical (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6F-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and lateral arm surface concealed by dense, finely rugose, rounded granular ossicles similar to disc (eight or nine grains in 1 mm), continuing to distal end of arm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6F-H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal half of dorsal and lateral arm concealed by less rounded, dense granular ossicles (eight or nine grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral arm plates on proximal to middle half of arm concealed by granular ossicles, including on base of arm spine, but on distal end only lateral arm plates concealed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6G-K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral surface of arm concealed by dense granular ossicles, similar to ventral disc, less rounded and more polygonal, but only covering proximal half of arm (seven or nine grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle to distal end of ventral arm surface concealed by widely separated, in size decreasing granular ossicles (three or four grains in 1 mm) to completely naked (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). First free tentacle pore without arm spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6I</figureCitation>
|
||
). First arm spine appears at second arm segment, with short blunt tentacle scale. Second arm spine appears at nineth or eleventh segment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine initially tapered to pointed thorny tip, one arm segment in length, middle half cylindrical, less club-shaped, with small sharp thorns on more than half of spine length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6L-N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer spine smaller, with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both arm spines similar in size at distal end of arm, and turning into compound hook with 4-5 secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6O, P</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In live specimen, reddish brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., holotype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0086) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D lateral disc E oral frame F dorsal arm (base) G lateral arm (proximal) H dorsal arm (distal) I ventral arm (base) J ventral arm (middle) K ventral arm (distal) L arm spine (arm base) M, N arm spines (middle) O, P arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, goc granular ossicles coat, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D, F, I, J); 500 µm (E, G, H, K, M, N, P); 200 µm (L, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665882" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology of paratype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology of paratype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Lateral arm plate curved around the vertebrae, with two arm spine articular structures, with completely separate large muscle and nerve openings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A depression on inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Asteroschema domogranulatum sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0090) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C arm spines (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base, insert frame shows polygonal plate-like large ossicle F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, iars inner arm spine, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, oars outer arm spine, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (C); 300 µm (B, D, E); 200 µm (A)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665881" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine becoming cylindrical from proximal to middle half of arm, with terminal projection, and thorny surface on upper part of spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer arm spine nearly half as long as inner one with less thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally both spines compound hook with 3-5 secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm and disc concealed by rounded granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, with deep slope between proximal and distal end, dorsally a median longitudinal furrow, ventrally with median deep longitudinal groove with lateral ambulacral canals, no oral bridge, podial basins moderate in size (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7I-M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW0087)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm plate (external, internal)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (middle)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F, G</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine (distal)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I-M</emphasis>
|
||
vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
proximal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
distal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">M</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">de</emphasis>
|
||
depression,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
|
||
distal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
|
||
lateral ambulacral canals,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
|
||
muscle opening,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
|
||
nerve opening,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
|
||
podial basin,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
|
||
proximal,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
|
||
secondary teeth,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
|
||
ventral. Scale bars: 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, I-M</emphasis>
|
||
); 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A-C, E, G</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F, H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="paratype variations">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Paratype variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Paratype disc diameter 12 mm, similar to holotype. Second arm spine from segments 10-12 and disc slightly flatter than those of holotype; considered intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">1070-1111 m depth. Near Xisha and Zhongsha islands in the South China Sea. Attached to sponge host.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The specific name is dedicated to the manned submersible vessel
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
|
||
meaning deep sea warrior in Chinese, which collected the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. concurs with the group of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has only granular ossicles. This group includes nearly 20 species. Furthermore, they are divided by naked, widely separated granular ossicles on ventral disc and base of arm. Fifteen
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have dense granular ossicles on the ventral disc.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is distinguished clearly by its unique dense, rounded, fine granular ossicles on both disc and arms, a thick sub-cylindrical proximal to middle half of the arms without annular bands, and cylindrical outer arm spine with visible thorns at middle arm segments (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii sp. nov., paratype (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0087) A-C lateral arm plate (external, internal) D, E arm spines (middle) F, G arm spine (distal) H skin from dorsal arm base (rounded granular ossicles) I-M vertebrae I proximal view J distal view K lateral view L dorsal view M ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 500 µm (D, I-M); 300 µm (A-C, E, G); 200 µm (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665883" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1949" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema ajax" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ajax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema ajax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. laeve" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="laeve">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. laeve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lyman, 1872) are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having granular ossicles on both dorsal and ventral disc, but are easily differentiated by well-spaced annulated granular bands on the arms, and club-shaped inner arm spine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AH" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="3 - 133" refId="B7" refString="Clark, AH, 1949. Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 195: 3 - 133" title="Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P." volume="195" year="1949">Clark A. H. 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B40" refString="Lyman, T, 1875. Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 8: 1 - 34" title="Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae." volume="8" year="1875">Lyman 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FWRI" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der wissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" publicationUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/myfwc/15147472218/in/album-72157639735390743/" refId="B17" refString="FWRI, 2010. FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute's albums. https://www.flickr.com/photos/myfwc/15147472218/in/album-72157639735390743/" title="FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute's albums." url="https://www.flickr.com/photos/myfwc/15147472218/in/album-72157639735390743/" year="2010">FWRI 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema arenosum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1878 is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having granular ossicles on both dorsal and ventral disc, but differs in having a swollen arm spine, sparser granular coverage (five grains in 1 mm), and a second arm spine from the fourth arm segment.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema vicinum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vicinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema vicinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Koehler, 1907 differs in its sub-equal arm spines and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sulcatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="sulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. sulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ljungman, 1872 in its highly dense granular ossicle coverage (9-15 grains in 1 mm).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1980" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema igloo" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="igloo">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema igloo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. domogranulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="domogranulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. domogranulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by large polygonal to domed granular ossicles (four or five grains in 1 mm; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ljungman, AV" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="615 - 658" refId="B36" refString="Ljungman, AV, 1872. Foerteckning oefver uti Vestindien af Dr A. Goes samt under korvetten Josefinas expedition i Atlantiska Oceanen samlade Ophiurider. Oefversigt af Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Foerhandlingar 28: 615 - 658" title="Foerteckning oefver uti Vestindien af Dr A. Goes samt under korvetten Josefinas expedition i Atlantiska Oceanen samlade Ophiurider." volume="28" year="1872">Ljungman 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="" Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 238" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30295874" refId="B41" refString="Lyman, T, 1878. Ophiurans and Astrophytons. Reports on the dredging operations of the US coast survey Str. "Blake. " Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 5: 217 - 238, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30295874" title="Ophiurans and Astrophytons. Reports on the dredging operations of the US coast survey Str. " Blake." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30295874" volume="5" year="1878">Lyman 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" refId="B26" refString="Koehler, R, 1907. 41 Revision de la collection des ophiures du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 279-351." title="41 Revision de la collection des ophiures du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 279 - 351." year="1907">Koehler 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pawson, DL" editor="Felder, DL" journalOrPublisher="A & M University, Texas" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1177 - 1204" refId="B70" refString="Pawson, DL, Vance, DG, Messing, CG, Solis-Marin, FA, Mah, CL, 2009. Echinodermata of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, DL, DK, Camp, Eds., Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota. A & M University, Texas: 1177 - 1204" title="Echinodermata of the Gulf of Mexico." volumeTitle="Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota." year="2009">Pawson et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matsumoto" authorityYear="1915" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema glaucum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glaucum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema glaucum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumoto, 1915, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hemigymnum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="hemigymnum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. hemigymnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumoto, 1915 are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having granular ossicles on both dorsal and ventral disc, but differ by sparser granular ossicle coverage (five or six grains in 1 mm), club-shaped inner arm spine at the middle arm segments and in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hemigymnum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="hemigymnum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. hemigymnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ventral disc is covered with pavement-like ossicles.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema inoratum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inoratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema inoratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Koehler, 1906 is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having a similar density of the granular coverage on both dorsal and ventral disc, but differs in having granular ossicles on the ventral surface along the arm, a slightly club-shaped inner arm spine at middle arm segments, and both spines not transforming into a compound hook (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, R" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="5 - 35" refId="B25" refString="Koehler, R, 1906. Description des Ophiures nouvelles recueilles par le Travailleur et Talisman pendant les campagnes de 1880, 1881, 1882 et 1883. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France 19: 5 - 35" title="Description des Ophiures nouvelles recueilles par le Travailleur et Talisman pendant les campagnes de 1880, 1881, 1882 et 1883." volume="19" year="1906">Koehler 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumoto, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="43 - 92" refId="B48" refString="Matsumoto, H, 1915. A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 128: 43 - 92" title="A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="128" year="1915">Matsumoto 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1917" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema monobactrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monobactrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema monobactrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. L. Clark, 1917 is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in having granular ossicles on both dorsal and ventral surface and in start of the second arm spine, but differs by having separate, sparser granular ossicles (seven grains in 1 mm at disc center, five or six grains in 1 mm at periphery of disc and on arm), and by the granular ossicles on both sides distalwards along the arm becoming widely separated to almost naked (H. L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="429 - 453" refId="B11" refString="Clark, HL, 1917. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Albatross Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, 1899-1900 (Part 18). Reports on the Scientific results of the Albatross Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1904-1905 (Part 30). Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 61: 429 - 453" title="Reports on the Scientific Results of the Albatross Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, 1899 - 1900 (Part 18). Reports on the Scientific results of the Albatross Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1904 - 1905 (Part 30). Ophiuroidea." volume="61" year="1917">Clark 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema brachiatum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brachiatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema brachiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in having similar density granular ossicle coverage on both dorsal and ventral disc and arms, but differs by the entire arm being covered by granular ossicles, start of the second arm spine at the fourth arm segment, and a slightly club-shaped inner spine at middle arm segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="" Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" refId="B42" refString="Lyman, T, 1879. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" year="1879">Lyman 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema salix" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubiferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="tubiferum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. tubiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumoto, 1911, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having separated, sparser granular ossicle coverage, a club-shaped inner spine at middle arm segments, and widely spaced ossicles on the ventral arm surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="" Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" refId="B42" refString="Lyman, T, 1879. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" year="1879">Lyman 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4044/joma1889.23.258_631" author="Matsumoto, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="617 - 631" refId="B47" refString="Matsumoto, H, 1911. About Japanese Euryalidae. Dobutsugaku Zasshi Tokyo. Zoological Magazine 23: 617 - 631, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4044/joma1889.23.258_631" title="About Japanese Euryalidae. Dobutsugaku Zasshi Tokyo." url="https://doi.org/10.4044/joma1889.23.258_631" volume="23" year="1911">Matsumoto 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Granular ossicle density of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="2000" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema wrighti" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wrighti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema wrighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
McKnight, 2000,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bidwillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="bidwillae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. bidwillae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
McKnight, 2000, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tenue" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="tenue">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. tenue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(eight or ten grains in 1 mm) is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1875" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema tenue" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenue">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema tenue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having a club-shaped inner spine at middle arm segments, and slender long arms, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. wrighti" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="wrighti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. wrighti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a club-shaped inner spine at middle arm segments, widely spaced granular ossicles on the ventral arm, irregular plate-like ossicles on the ventral disc, and smooth outer spines, and by being hexamerous (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B40" refString="Lyman, T, 1875. Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 8: 1 - 34" title="Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae." volume="8" year="1875">Lyman 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKnight, DG" journalOrPublisher="NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B51" refString="McKnight, DG, 2000. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA N Biodiversity Memoir, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington 115: 1 - 79" title="The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida)." volume="115" year="2000">McKnight 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Most
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Ophiocreas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ophiocreas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having naked or micro-granular ossicles in the skin in both disc and arms. (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In our phylogenetic tree of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Euryalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Ophiocreas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ophiocreas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species cluster with some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but the average genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Ophiocreas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ophiocreas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. was 13.61% (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Family Euryalidae, maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on partial COI and 16 S sequences (bootstrap support values were generated with rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1,000 replicates; blue = new species; brown = specimens from this study)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665878" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">2</figureCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 2: Table S2).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nethupul & Stöhr & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. clusters among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="salix">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubiferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="tubiferum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. tubiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lissum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="lissum">A. cf. lissum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bidwillae" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="bidwillae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. bidwillae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have granular ossicles on the dorsal disc and dorsal surface of the arms.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="2000" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema bidwillae" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidwillae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema bidwillae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. shenhaiyongshii" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="shenhaiyongshii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. shenhaiyongshii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and was identified as a sibling species due to similar morphological characters of granular ossicles on the dorsal disc and dorsal surface of the arms, and the shape of the inner arm spines at middle arm segments, but differs by having well-spaced granular ossicles on the ventral disc, a naked proximal ventral arm surface, and by being hexamerous and fissiparous (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 2: Table S2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |