562 lines
74 KiB
XML
562 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="BB07322AB29269A7AD30610F21613A8D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.203788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03285062-6f7d-4f3a-8066-44796969c702" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="203788" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460236436994" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lóss, Simone, Costa, Leonora Pires & Leite, Yuri L. R." docDate="2011" docId="2E7287E3FF8D453511E8FEAAFC183994" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02761p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2761" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gracilinanus microtarsus Wagner 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="D24BFF9BFF9B452E117FFE74FFAD3B33" masterDocTitle="Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698239671281" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BEA86DC6B3F9277DB2CB273F58088E85">Geographic variation, phylogeny and systematic status of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Mammalia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADA87B2B69D8962BF32EF622EAC5B3F7">Lóss, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C349A42A25A7945E7308A2ECB77970B8">Costa, Leonora Pires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E1FBB15A659DC9CFA6190C4F5E9F1C86">Leite, Yuri L. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A34C990B56093A06D4E1558DCC1365C7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F6748A91A49D2589EDBE73B8C42A7BF8">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="956FE16873D072C5AE9C2F7406FCE9A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="113D46945B3838FBD19C90ED3597AE47">2761</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2D718269477F88B3E09FF025D712214B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.203788</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2E7287E3FF8D453511E8FEAAFC183994" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672620" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672620" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E7287E3FF8D453511E8FEAAFC183994" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E7287E3FF8D453511E8FEAAFC183994" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="EEC1657EFF8D453811E8FEAAFD3C3BCB" box="[151,657,222,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453811E8FEAAFD3C3BCB" blockId="22.[151,657,222,248]" box="[151,657,222,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="FD2C8199FF8D453811E8FEAAFD3C3BCB" bold="true" box="[151,657,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453811E8FEAAFD3C3BCB" ID-CoL="3H59J" authority="Wagner, 1842" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,657,222,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
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||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811E8FEAAFD3C3BCB" bold="true" box="[151,657,222,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811E8FEAAFE603BCB" bold="true" box="[151,461,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453810A3FEAAFD243BCB" author="Wagner" box="[476,649,222,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagner, A. (1842) Diagnosen neuer Arten Brasilischer Saugethiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 8, 359 - 360." type="journal article" year="1842">Wagner, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EEC1657EFF8D453811E8FF51FB583FAC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453811E8FF51FE423AEB" blockId="22.[151,1437,293,755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="86CB11DBFF8D453811E8FF51FE423AEB" infered="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453811E8FF51FDE53A08" authority="Wagner, 1842: 359" authorityName="Wagner" authorityPageNumber="359" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,584,293,315]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
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<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811E8FF51FED13A08" box="[151,380,293,315]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Didelphys microtarsus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="277A10E4FF8D453810FBFF52FDE53A08" author="Wagner" box="[388,584,293,315]" page="359" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1842">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453810FBFF52FDB93A09" author="Wagner" box="[388,532,293,315]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Wagner, A. (1842) Diagnosen neuer Arten Brasilischer Saugethiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 8, 359 - 360." type="journal article" year="1842">Wagner, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 359
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D4538132DFF52FD293A08" box="[594,644,294,315]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: “Ypanema” (= Floresta Nacional de Ipanema,
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<quantity id="61239B10FF8D453815C1FF51FB523A08" box="[1214,1279,293,315]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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NW Sorocaba, São Paulo,
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<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF8D45381046FF37FED43A6A" box="[313,377,323,345]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C3EF5032FF8D453810FBFF37FE463A6A" box="[388,491,323,345]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-23.435276">23°26'7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="C3EF5032FF8D4538108FFF30FDC03A6A" box="[496,621,324,345]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-47.628056">47°37'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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<quantity id="61239B10FF8D4538130CFF30FD1A3A69" box="[627,695,324,346]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.01" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="701.0">701 m</quantity>
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; see Costa
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<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D45381258FF31FCFE3A69" box="[807,851,324,346]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
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. 2003) (locality 53,
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<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8D4538155DFF37FB283A69" box="[1058,1157,323,346]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[171,1411,643,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,628,1884]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Brazil showing known records of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on specimens examined. Localities are keyed to numbered entries in the Appendix. The symbols represent: (●) “ small microtarsus ”, (․) “ large microtarsus ” and (˔) “ ehrhardti ”." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203799/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D453815E7FF31FB673A69" box="[1176,1226,325,346]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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specimen: the
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<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D4538141DFF37FF5E3A48" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453810E6FF12FDBF3A48" author="Tate" box="[409,530,357,379]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Tate, G. H. H. (1933) A systematic revision of the marsupial genus Marmosa, with a discussion of the adaptive radiation of the murine opossums (Marmosa). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1933">Tate (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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||
is Vienna 48A, collected by Johann Natterer on
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<date id="D2651035FF8D45381557FF11FB483A49" box="[1064,1253,354,379]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1891-10-02">October 2nd, 1891</date>
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||
, cataloged at the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna,
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||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF8D45381346FFF7FD2A3AAA" box="[569,647,387,409]" name="Austria" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Austria</collectingCountry>
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||
. According to
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D45381263FFF1FC393AA9" author="Tate" box="[796,916,388,410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refString="Tate, G. H. H. (1933) A systematic revision of the marsupial genus Marmosa, with a discussion of the adaptive radiation of the murine opossums (Marmosa). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1933">Tate (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, the description was apparently based upon at least three specimens (Vienna 48, 48A and 48B), and
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453813CEFFD6FCDB3A8A" author="Hershkovitz" box="[689,886,418,441]" pageId="22" pageNumber="29" refString="Hershkovitz, P. (1992) The South American gracile mouse opossum, genus Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989 (Marmosidae, Marsupialia): a taxonomic review with notes on general morphology and relationships. Fieldiana, Zoology, 70, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1992">Hershkovitz (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned a series of eight specimens under the number 48, citing Pelzeln (1883).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453811E8FF95FCE039C0" blockId="22.[151,1437,293,755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453811E8FF95FECC3AC6" box="[151,353,479,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herhardti">
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<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811E8FF95FECC3AC6" box="[151,353,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Marmosa herhardti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[incorrect original spelling]
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453813E8FFABFC243AC6" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[663,905,479,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="30" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. d. (1936) Didelphia ou Mammalia- Ovovivipara. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 245 - 424." type="journal article" year="1936">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 382. The corrected original spelling is
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<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D45381444FF95FDB63927" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">
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<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D45381444FF95FE883927" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Marmosa ehrhardti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D45381052FF8AFDB63927" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[301,539,510,532]" pageId="22" pageNumber="30" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. d. (1936) Didelphia ou Mammalia- Ovovivipara. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 245 - 424." type="journal article" year="1936">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, according to the
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453813A8FF8BFC443927" author="ICZN" box="[727,1001,510,532]" pageId="22" pageNumber="29" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature (4 ed.). London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. 98 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999, Article 32.5)</bibRefCitation>
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, since the author was naming this species after Mr. Ehrhardt (
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<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453810F3FC69FD733900" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[396,734,541,563]" pageId="22" pageNumber="30" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. d. (1936) Didelphia ou Mammalia- Ovovivipara. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 245 - 424." type="journal article" year="1936">Miranda-Ribeiro 1936, page 382</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D45381390FC6AFC8C3900" box="[751,801,542,563]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality: “Humboldt” (currently Curupá), Santa Catarina,
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<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF8D4538140FFC6AFF4D3962" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C3EF5032FF8D45381196FC4FFE903962" box="[233,317,571,593]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-26.433332">26°26’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C3EF5032FF8D4538103AFC48FE0F3962" box="[325,418,572,593]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-49.233334">49°14’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="61239B10FF8D453810CFFC4FFE4B3962" box="[432,486,571,593]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
|
||
(locality 80,
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||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8D4538130AFC4FFD763961" box="[629,731,571,594]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[171,1411,643,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,628,1884]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Brazil showing known records of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on specimens examined. Localities are keyed to numbered entries in the Appendix. The symbols represent: (●) “ small microtarsus ”, (․) “ large microtarsus ” and (˔) “ ehrhardti ”." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203799/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D4538138EFC48FC8E3962" box="[753,803,572,593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D453812BBFC4FFB8C3962" box="[964,1057,571,593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D4538158DFC4FFE9A3940" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="30" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. d. (1955) Tipos das especies e subespecies do Prof. Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro depositados no Museu Nacional. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 42, 389 - 417." type="journal article" year="1955">Miranda-Ribeiro (1955:416)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the number MN 1266 (skin and skull). It is a young male collected on
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8D4538153FFC29FAB93940" box="[1088,1300,602,627]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1915-12-23">December 23rd, 1915</date>
|
||
, bought from Mr. Ehrhardt (field number 1).
|
||
<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D4538137CFC0AFD3639A7" box="[515,667,638,660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: MN
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8D453813ABFC0AFCC039A7" box="[724,877,638,660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1264" valueMax="1265">1264 and 1265</date>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8D45381286FC0AFB6339A7" box="[1017,1230,635,660]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1915-12-25">December 25th, 1915</date>
|
||
; MN1262, collected on
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||
<date id="D2651035FF8D45381196FCEBFE7D3986" box="[233,464,671,693]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1916-09-18">September 18th, 1916</date>
|
||
; MN 1259, 1261, 1263, and 1266, collected on
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8D453812B9FCEBFB0C3986" box="[966,1185,668,693]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1915-12-23">December 23rd, 1915</date>
|
||
. All bear the same field number (15), and were bought together with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D453813BDFCCAFC8F39E7" box="[706,802,702,724]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. There are cases of ambiguous associations among skins and skulls of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="79608857FF8D45381036FCA9FED839C1" box="[329,373,733,754]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, as remarked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D4538131DFCA8FCE439C0" box="[610,841,732,755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="29" refString="Langguth, A., Limeira, V. L. A. G. & Franco, S. (1997) Novo catalogo do material-tipo da colecao de mamiferos do Museu Nacional. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Nacional, 70, 1 - 29." type="journal article">
|
||
Langguth
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453813B6FCAAFD5839C0" box="[713,757,733,755]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453811E8FD6BFB583FAC" blockId="22.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811E8FD6BFE12380B" bold="true" box="[151,447,799,824]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453810B9FD6BFD4B3804" ID-CoL="3H59J" box="[454,742,799,823]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453810B9FD6BFD4B3804" box="[454,742,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF8D453812CDFD6BFC543804" box="[946,1017,799,823]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the states of Bahia, eastern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and northern Rio Grande do Sul (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8D4538142EFD37FF19384C" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[171,1411,643,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,628,1884]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Brazil showing known records of Gracilinanus microtarsus based on specimens examined. Localities are keyed to numbered entries in the Appendix. The symbols represent: (●) “ small microtarsus ”, (․) “ large microtarsus ” and (˔) “ ehrhardti ”." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203799/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Recent records (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453810FDFD13FDD1384C" author="Pereira" box="[386,636,871,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="30" refString="Pereira, L. G. & Geise, L. (2007) Karyotype composition of some rodents and marsupials from Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67, 509 - 518." type="journal article" year="2007">Pereira & Geise 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8D453813F6FD13FCDF384C" author="Geise" box="[649,882,871,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="29" refString="Geise, L. & Astua de Moraes, D. (2009) Distribution extension and sympatric occurrence of Gracilinanus agilis and G. m i c ro - tarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae), with cytogenetic notes. Biota Neotropica, 9, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2009">Geise & Astúa 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) extended the northern most limit of its distribution to two localities in the central region of Bahia: Lençóis, at Chapada Diamantina (locality 1) and Mucugê. It is found in areas ranging from sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="61239B10FF8D4538131BFDDBFD6E38F4" box="[612,707,943,967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1800.0">1,800 m</quantity>
|
||
, occurs mainly in the Atlantic forest biome, but also in
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D45381442FDDBFA3138F4" box="[1341,1436,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cerrado</emphasis>
|
||
formations bordering the Atlantic Forest.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D45381314FDA7FC2638D8" ID-CoL="3H59J" box="[619,907,979,1003]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D45381314FDA7FC2638D8" box="[619,907,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453815D8FDA7FA2D38D8" ID-CoL="3H59B" box="[1191,1408,979,1003]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453815D8FDA7FA2D38D8" box="[1191,1408,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gracilinanus agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Lagoa Santa, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Belo Horizonte (localities 32, 29, and 36, respectively), Felício dos Santos, and Diamantina, all in Minas Gerais State. Specimens identified as “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D4538153CFA6FFB653F00" ID-CoL="3H59J" box="[1091,1224,1051,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are distributed in some localities in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, being sympatric with phenotype “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D45381505FA4BFB523F64" ID-CoL="3H59J" box="[1146,1279,1087,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” at Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro (locality 22). Specimens of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453813D5FA17FCB93F48" box="[682,788,1123,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” occur in Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Specimens of “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8D453810FAFAF3FDA73FAC" ID-CoL="3H59J" box="[389,522,1159,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are the most widespread, representing the remaining distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EEC1657EFF8D453611BAFAD8FF483BC4" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453811BAFAD8FE013DEC" blockId="22.[151,1437,799,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8D453811BAFAD8FE7D3FF7" bold="true" box="[197,464,1195,1220]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Emended description.</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8D45381399FADFFCF33FF0" box="[742,862,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,625,1629]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[264,1323,625,1630]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and ventral views of skins of Gracilinanus microtarsus. A and C, MZUSP 29159 (“ small microtarsus ”, male, age class 5), B and D, UFMG 2536 (“ large microtarsus ”, male, age class 6. Scale = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203800/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
): ventral margin of rhinarium with two shallow grooves on each side of median sulcus; eyes surrounded by mask of dark fur extending to muzzle and ears, and contrasting in color with paler fur of cheeks and rostrum; pale spot above eye absent; dark mid-rostral stripe absent; ears large, translucent, yellow-orange at the base and brown toward the tip; tragus large; rostral pelage similar to the cheeks, paler than the dorsal pelage; gular gland present in adult males and females; dorsal fur ca. 10 mm-long, soft, with two color bands, dark gray at the base and varying from brown-light to brown-reddish distally; dorsal guard hairs ca.
|
||
<quantity id="61239B10FF8D45381038FBF7FE373EA8" box="[327,410,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ventral fur self-colored, cream-yellowish from mouth to the chin or to the lower pectoral region; ventral fur of arms gray-based, yellow-tipped; manus covered by short cream hairs dorsally; manual digits III and IV subequal and longer than adjacent digits (II and V); manual claws shorter than fleshy digital pads; central palmar surface of manus sparsely tubercular; lateral carpal tubercles present in adult males; radius crest well developed in adult males; pedal digit IV longer than adjacent digits III and IV; pedal epithelium covered by short hairs dorsally, varying from cream to light-brown; pouch absent; mammary complement 6–1–6 = 13, with six teats on each side of the venter, from thoracic to inguinal portion, and one central teat on inguinal region; cloaca present; tail bicolored, dark above and paler below, or unicolored; tail hair brown; caudal scales in distinctly annular series; three hairs of equal thickness projecting from the posterior margin of each caudal scale; naked prehensile surface at distal end of tail present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8D453911B8F89FFA853A2F" blockId="22.[151,1437,799,2014]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,575]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Skull and mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8D453810CFF89FFD8C3C30" box="[432,545,1771,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[379,1207,733,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[379,1208,733,1910]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Dorsal and ventral cranial views (above), and lateral cranial and mandibular lateral views (below) in Gracilinanus microtarsus (“ large microtarsus ”, male, age class 6) (UFMG 2536). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203801/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
): rostral process of premaxillae present; palatal process of premaxillae contacts C1 alveolus on each side; nasal tips extend anterior to
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8D45381384F97BFCB93C14" box="[763,788,1807,1831]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">I1</date>
|
||
; postorbital processes of frontal absent or indistinct; temporal margin present, poorly or well developed; interorbital region varying from convergent anteriorly to straight; sagittal crest absent; incisive foramen reach posterior edge of canines, or extend beyond posterior edge of canines in some specimens; maxillopalatine fenestrae large, relative size equal to or larger than three molars; palatine fenestrae present; posterolateral palatal foramen not extending lingually to M4 protocone; posterolateral palatal foramen smaller than palatine fenestrae; maxillary and alisphenoid not in contact on orbital floor; transverse canal foramen present; extracranial course of mandibular nerve enclosed by anteromedial strut of alisphenoid bulla; ectotympanic suspension direct; paroccipital process small and rounded; alisphenoid tympanic process inflated, with alisphenoid bulla strut originating on the medial portion or apex of alisphenoid; dorsal margin of foramen magnum formed by supraoccipital and exoccipitals; two mental foramina on lateral aspect of each hemimandible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8C453911B8FF53FDDC390C" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Dentition: unworn crowns of
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8C45391367FF53FDF93A0C" box="[536,596,295,319]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">I2–I5</date>
|
||
simetrically rhomboidal, slightly increasing in breadth from front to back (
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8C453911E0FF3BFF153A54" box="[159,184,335,359]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">I2</date>
|
||
≤
|
||
<date id="D2651035FF8C453911A7FF3BFF5F3A54" box="[216,242,335,359]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">I5</date>
|
||
); unworn C1 usually without accessory cusps; P1 present, smaller than posterior premolars; P2 distinctly taller than P3; P2 and P3 with anterior and posterior cutting edge; upper molars strongly dilambdodont and highly carnassialized, increasing in width (transverse dimension) from front to back (width M1 <width M4); ectoflexus deep on M1 and M2, and shallow or absent on M3; preprotocrist and anterolabial cingulum joined to form a continuous shelf along the margin of M3; distinct lingual cusp on lower incisors; c1 procumbent, usually with small posterior accessory cusp; p2 distinctly taller than p3; m3 hypoconid salient labially; entoconid large and developed on m1-m3; hypoconulid similar to entoconid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F2A4667DFF8C453911E8F905FEC63CF6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[171,1411,643,1866]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF8C453911E8F905FEC63CF6" blockId="23.[151,1436,1905,1989]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8C453911E8F905FEB03CB4" bold="true" box="[151,285,1905,1928]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of eastern Brazil showing known records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8C4539126BF906FBB53CBB" box="[788,1048,1906,1928]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8C4539126BF906FBB53CBB" box="[788,1048,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on specimens examined. Localities are keyed to numbered entries in the Appendix. The symbols represent: (●) “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8C45391560F9E4FB343C95" box="[1055,1177,1936,1958]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, (․) “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8C45391464F9E4FA3E3C95" box="[1307,1427,1936,1958]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and (˔) “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8C45391183F9DBFEF03CF6" box="[252,349,1967,1989]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF83453611B8FEECFF483BC4" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Post cranium: deltoid tuber on humerus well developed in adult males and poorly developed in females; medial epicondyle well developed, surpassing the coronoid fossa in males, but not in females; astralagus and calcaneus joined.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EEC1657EFF83453711BAFF70FC893994" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF83453611BAFF70FBFF390F" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453611BAFF70FE943A2F" bold="true" box="[197,313,260,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Until few years ago, two synonyms were recognized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8345361296FF71FB233A2F" box="[1001,1166,261,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361296FF71FC573A2F" box="[1001,1018,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361576FF71FB233A2F" box="[1033,1166,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8345361471FF71FE8F3A0C" authority="Tate, 1931" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guahybae">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361471FF71FAB23A2F" box="[1294,1311,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361450FF70FA313A2F" box="[1327,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">guahybae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF83453611E1FF53FEB73A0C" author="Tate" box="[158,282,295,319]" pageId="24" pageNumber="30" refString="Tate, G. H. H. (1931) Brief diagnoses of twenty-six apparently new forms of Marmosa (Marsupialia) from South America." type="book" year="1931">Tate, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453613D2FF5CFCFF3A73" box="[685,850,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613D2FF5CFD133A0C" box="[685,702,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613B2FF5DFCFF3A73" box="[717,850,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF83453612DBFF53FC7F3A0C" box="[932,978,295,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ilha</collectingCountry>
|
||
de Guayba” (= Guaíba), Rio Grande do Sul,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF83453611B5FF38FEBF3A57" box="[202,274,332,356]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This subspecies was part of this genus until systematic revision by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8345361572FF39FB7F3A57" box="[1037,1234,332,356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="31" refString="Voss, R. S., Lunde, D. P. & Jansa, S. A. (2005) On the contents of Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989, with the description of a previously unrecognized clade of small didelphid marsupials. American Museum Novitates, 3482, 1 - 34." type="journal article">
|
||
Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361536FF39FBD43A57" box="[1097,1145,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allocated it to the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8345361064FF04FE013AB4" box="[283,428,368,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Cryptonanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361064FF04FE013AB4" box="[283,428,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cryptonanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The second synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453613BCFF04FCE33ABB" box="[707,846,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613BCFF04FD793AB4" box="[707,724,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361399FF04FCE33ABB" box="[742,846,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ehrhardti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is based on a new species described by Miranda-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF83453611E8FFE0FE933A9F" author="Ribeiro" box="[151,318,404,428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="30" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. d. (1936) Didelphia ou Mammalia- Ovovivipara. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 245 - 424." type="journal article" year="1936">Ribeiro (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and it was considered as such until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF834536139FFFE0FC213A9F" author="Cabrera" box="[736,908,404,428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refString="Cabrera, A. (1958) Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciencias Zoologicas, 4, 1 - 307." type="journal article" year="1958">Cabrera (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that it should become a junior synonym, since it was indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8345361307FFCCFCB03AE3" box="[632,797,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361307FFCCFD243AFC" box="[632,649,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613E7FFCDFCB03AE3" box="[664,797,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using morphological characteristics and geographic distribution.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8345361076FFA9FE763AC7" box="[265,475,476,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="31" refString="Voss, R. S., Lunde, D. P. & Jansa, S. A. (2005) On the contents of Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989, with the description of a previously unrecognized clade of small didelphid marsupials. American Museum Novitates, 3482, 1 - 34." type="journal article">
|
||
Voss
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361036FFA9FED33AC7" box="[329,382,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to the nominal taxon
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361237FFA9FC623AC7" box="[840,975,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. e h r h a rd t i</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF834536157FFFA9FB323AC7" box="[1024,1183,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
because they did not examine specimens of the type-series, catalogued at the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF83453615F2FF8BFB783924" box="[1165,1237,511,535]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DECC7665FF834536159EFC74FAAD392B" box="[1249,1280,512,536]" name="American Samoa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
we discussed above, our results led us to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF834536134FFC51FD1A390F" box="[560,695,548,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF834536134FFC51FDEC390F" box="[560,577,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361330FC50FD1A390F" box="[591,695,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">ehrhardti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453612D8FC51FBE7390F" box="[935,1098,549,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453612D8FC51FC15390F" box="[935,952,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453612B9FC51FBE7390F" box="[966,1098,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F2A4667DFF83453611E8F807FBDE3D9B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203800/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[264,1322,625,1629]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF83453611E8F807FBDE3D9B" blockId="24.[151,1436,1651,1704]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453611E8F807FE8C3DBB" bold="true" box="[151,289,1651,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral views of skins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453613DAF807FC063DBA" box="[677,939,1651,1673]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613DAF807FC063DBA" box="[677,939,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453612C6F807FC663DBB" bold="true" box="[953,971,1651,1672]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361280F807FBBC3DB9" bold="true" box="[1023,1041,1651,1674]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
, MZUSP 29159 (“small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF834536146BF807FA233DBA" box="[1300,1422,1651,1673]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, male, age class 5),
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8345361028F8E6FEC53D94" bold="true" box="[343,360,1682,1703]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453610E6F8E6FE063D94" bold="true" box="[409,427,1682,1703]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
, UFMG 2536 (“large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453613F3F8E6FCAB3D9B" box="[652,774,1682,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, male, age class 6. Scale = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF83453611BAF8A0FB8D3C4F" blockId="24.[151,1436,1748,2024]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453611BAF8A0FE7B3DDE" bold="true" box="[197,470,1748,1773]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453610A3F8A1FD563DDE" box="[476,763,1749,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453610A3F8A1FD563DDE" box="[476,763,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits marked intraspecific variation, treated here as three phenotypes, as described in material and methods. Specimens of “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453612A9F88CFBF63C23" box="[982,1115,1784,1808]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” exhibit self-yellow ventral pelage from mouth to lower thorax, and gray-based hair with yellow tips from lower thorax to tail base. Specimens of “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF834536107AF934FE273C6B" box="[261,394,1856,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453610AAF934FD923C6B" box="[469,575,1856,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” have gray-based hairs from chin to tail base. In addition, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453615A5F934FAE93C6B" box="[1242,1348,1856,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” shows unicolored tail, while specimens of the other two phenotypes have bicolored tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF83453711B8F9FDFC583AFC" blockId="24.[151,1436,1748,2024]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Among cranial differences observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453613F4F9FDFC063C92" box="[651,939,1929,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF83453613F4F9FDFC063C92" box="[651,939,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
phenotypes, most are present at the interorbital region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF834536105BF9D8FE383CF7" box="[292,405,1964,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,617,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[249,1340,617,1934]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) cranial views of “ small microtarsus ” (left, MZUSP 29164, male, age class 5), “ large microtarsus ” (middle, UFMG 2536, male, age class 6), and “ ehrhardti ” (right, MNHCI 4322, male, age class 5). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203802/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The temporal margin is poorly developed, the interorbital edge is angular, without crests or with poorly developed crest in specimens of “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8345361392F9A4FCDF3CDB" box="[749,882,2000,2024]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF83453612BEF9A4FB833CDB" box="[961,1070,2000,2024]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Specimens of “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF834537144BF9A4FF113B9C" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” show temporal margin projecting over interorbital edge as a prominent crest, extending through parietal and ending at the supraorbital edge. This characteristic is more evident in adult male specimens. Specimens of “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453711E8FEABFEB13BC4" box="[151,284,223,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” show straight interorbital region, while in “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371225FEABFC723BC4" box="[858,991,223,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371554FEABFB383BC4" box="[1067,1173,223,247]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” the interorbital region is convergent anteriorly. Specimens of “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453713D9FF70FC863A2F" box="[678,811,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453712C3FF70FBEC3A2F" box="[956,1089,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” have small incisive foramen, reaching the posterior edge of canines, while in “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453713C3FF53FC8B3A0C" box="[700,806,295,319]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” the foramen is moderately large, extending beyond the posterior edge of canines, but not surpassing the anterior edge of first deciduous premolar. The alisphenoid tympanic process is inflated, with alisphenoid bulla strut originating on the medial portion of alisphenoid in “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453711E8FFE0FEB13A9F" box="[151,284,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371018FFE0FE793A9F" box="[359,468,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. In specimens of “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371394FFE0FCDE3A9F" box="[747,883,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the alisphenoid tympanic process is moderately inflated, oval, and its strut originates at the alisphenoid apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8245371238FFC3FC443AFC" box="[839,1001,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – D" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – D Ventral and lateral view of left tympanic region of “ small microtarsus ” (A and C, MZUSP 29159) and “ large microtarsus ” (B and D, UFMG 2535), illustrating morphological differences of the alisphenoid tympanic process in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; E – G Lateral cranial view of C 1 - P 3 in G. microtarsus (“ small microtarsus ”) (E, MZUSP 29159), G. agilis (“ midwest ”) (F, UFMG 2487) and Cryptonanus sp. (G, FURB 9362) illustrating taxonomic differences in the relative height of P 2 versus P 3 in adult males. Scale = 1 mm; H – I Ventral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on lateral carpal tubercle (lct). Specimens of “ small microtarsus ” (H, MZUSP 31009) and “ large microtarsus ” (I, MZUSP 30717), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm; J – K Anterior view of humerus in “ large microtarsus ” (J, MZUSP 30641) and “ small microtarsus ” (K, MZUSP 29161), showing variation in deltoid tuber (dt) and medial epicondyle (me) in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; L – M Lateral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on radius crest (rc). Specimens of “ large microtarsus ” (L, MZUSP 30717) and “ small microtarsus ” (M, MZUSP 31009), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203793/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 5 A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF82453711BAFFAFFC893994" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453711BAFFAFFEC63AC7" bold="true" box="[197,363,475,500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF824537100DFFA9FDBB3AC7" box="[370,534,477,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF824537100DFFA9FE2E3AC7" box="[370,387,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453710EEFFA9FDBB3AC7" box="[401,534,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371333FFA9FD073AC7" box="[588,682,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371333FFA9FDF03AC7" box="[588,605,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371313FFA8FD073AC7" box="[620,682,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by some characteristics described by Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453714F7FFA9FF00392B" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2003). Given their similarity, specimens are often misidentified by collectors in the field. When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453714FBFC74FEB1390F" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453714FBFC74FEB1390F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371055FC51FE2B390F" box="[298,390,548,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371055FC51FE96390F" box="[298,315,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371037FC50FE2B390F" box="[328,390,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has yellow ventral pelage, with gray-based hairs restricted to the lower pectoral and abdominal area, narrower blackish mask surrounding the eyes, gradual color change between muzzle and dorsum, and posterolateral palatal foramen larger than the palatine fenestrae. P2 and P3 have similar sizes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453715B9FC19FA8539B7" box="[1222,1320,620,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453715B9FC19FB7A39B7" box="[1222,1239,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371598FC18FA8539B7" box="[1255,1320,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but P2 is distinctily taller than P
|
||
<quantity id="61239B10FF82453710E8FCFBFE6D3994" box="[407,448,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453710B8FCE4FDC6399B" box="[455,619,656,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453710B8FCE4FE753994" box="[455,472,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371099FCE5FDC6399B" box="[486,619,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EE02A70FF8245371306FCFBFD753994" box="[633,728,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – D" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – D Ventral and lateral view of left tympanic region of “ small microtarsus ” (A and C, MZUSP 29159) and “ large microtarsus ” (B and D, UFMG 2535), illustrating morphological differences of the alisphenoid tympanic process in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; E – G Lateral cranial view of C 1 - P 3 in G. microtarsus (“ small microtarsus ”) (E, MZUSP 29159), G. agilis (“ midwest ”) (F, UFMG 2487) and Cryptonanus sp. (G, FURB 9362) illustrating taxonomic differences in the relative height of P 2 versus P 3 in adult males. Scale = 1 mm; H – I Ventral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on lateral carpal tubercle (lct). Specimens of “ small microtarsus ” (H, MZUSP 31009) and “ large microtarsus ” (I, MZUSP 30717), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm; J – K Anterior view of humerus in “ large microtarsus ” (J, MZUSP 30641) and “ small microtarsus ” (K, MZUSP 29161), showing variation in deltoid tuber (dt) and medial epicondyle (me) in adult males. Scale = 2 mm; L – M Lateral view of the carpus, manus, radius, and ulna in Gracilinanus microtarsus showing differences on radius crest (rc). Specimens of “ large microtarsus ” (L, MZUSP 30717) and “ small microtarsus ” (M, MZUSP 31009), both adult males. Scale = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203793/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F2A4667DFF82453711E8F9FFFBB23CF3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[379,1207,733,1909]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF82453711E8F9FFFBB23CF3" blockId="25.[151,1436,1931,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF82453711E8F9FFFE8F3C93" bold="true" box="[151,290,1931,1954]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral cranial views (above), and lateral cranial and mandibular lateral views (below) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8245371435F9FFFEFC3CF3" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8245371435F9FFFEFC3CF3" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF82453710DBF9DEFDB33CF3" box="[420,542,1962,1984]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, male, age class 6) (UFMG 2536). Scale = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EEC1657EFF81453511BAFEE3FC183994" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF81453411BAFEE3FE0A3A0C" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453411BAFEE3FE193B83" bold="true" box="[197,436,151,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult males from some localities (1—Lençóis, state of Bahia; 18—Pedra Roxa, Caparaó, state of Espírito Santo; 58, 61—Ibiúna, 57—Piedade and 53—Ipanema, state of São Paulo) show well-developed radius crest, and a triangular shaped ulnar tubercle developed on the pisiform. Females show a flat radius, with no ossified protuberance and no tubercle on the psiform. Males show deltoid tubercle and medial epicondyle more developed than females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF81453411BAFF38FAB7390F" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453411BAFF38FE293A57" bold="true" box="[197,388,331,356]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF81453410F4FF38FDB23A57" box="[395,543,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453410F4FF38FDB23A57" box="[395,543,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reproduces during periods of high rainfall, from October to March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF814534145BFF38FF7E3AB4" author="Passamani" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" refString="Passamani, M. (2000) Analise da comunidade de marsupiais em Mata Atlantica de Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitao, 11 / 12, 215 - 228." type="journal article" year="2000">Passamani 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or from September to March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF814534134EFF1BFCB53AB4" author="Martins" box="[561,792,367,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" refString="Martins, E. G., Bonato, V., da-Silva, C. Q. & dos Reis, S. F. (2006 a) Seasonality in reproduction, age structure and density of the gracile mouse opossum Gracilinanus microtarsus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in a Brazilian cerrado. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 22, 461 - 468." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453413EFFF05FD6C3ABB" box="[656,705,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Partial semelparity has been registered in males, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF814534119FFFE0FE713A9F" box="[224,476,404,428]" pageId="26" pageNumber="30" refString="Martins, E. G., Bonato, V., da-Silva, C. Q. & dos Reis, S. R. F. (2006 b) Partial semelparity in the neotropical didelphid marsupial Gracilinanus microtarsus. Journal of Mammalogy, 87, 915 - 920." type="journal article">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8145341040FFE1FEDC3A9F" box="[319,369,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8145341098FFE1FDC43A9F" author="Tate" box="[487,617,404,428]" pageId="26" pageNumber="31" refString="Tate, G. H. H. (1933) A systematic revision of the marsupial genus Marmosa, with a discussion of the adaptive radiation of the murine opossums (Marmosa). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1933">Tate (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that his “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8145341233FFE0FC793A9F" box="[844,980,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">Microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group” has terrestrial habits, with short claws and small hindfeet. Ecological studies using live-traps at different forest layers revealed that animals of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF81453411A0FFA8FEDE3AC7" box="[223,371,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453411A0FFA8FEDE3AC7" box="[223,371,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are preferentially arboreal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF81453413D2FFA8FC953AC7" author="Grelle" box="[685,824,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="29" refString="Grelle, C. E. V. (2003) Forest structure and vertical stratification of small mammals in a secondary Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 38, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Grelle 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Vieira & Monteiro-Filho 2003;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF81453415D8FFA8FA803AC7" author="Vieira" box="[1191,1325,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="31" refString="Vieira, E. M. (2006) Padroes de uso vertical do habitat por marsupiais brasileiros. In: N. C. Caceres & E. L. A. Monteiro-Filho (Eds), Os marsupiais do Brasil: biologia, ecologia e evolucao. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, pp. 441 - 466." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vieira 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and feed on the ground, when food is scarce in the understory. Astúa de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF814534122EFC74FC5B3924" author="Moraes" box="[849,1014,511,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="28" refString="Astua de Moraes, D. (2004) Evolucao morfologica do cranio e elementos pos-cranianos dos marsupiais americanos (Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria). Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. 462 pp." type="book" year="2004">Moraes (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented the use of arboreal strata by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF81453411C5FC50FEE3390F" box="[186,334,548,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453411C5FC50FEE3390F" box="[186,334,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and observed scapular modifications that might be related to the arboreal locomotion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F2A4667DFF81453411E8F9EBFF743CC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203802/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[249,1338,617,1933]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF81453411E8F9EBFF743CC1" blockId="26.[151,1436,1951,2034]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF81453411E8F9EBFEB23C87" bold="true" box="[151,287,1951,1974]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (above) and ventral (below) cranial views of “small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF8145341201F9EBFC5B3C86" box="[894,1014,1951,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (left, MZUSP 29164, male, age class 5), “large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF81453411A4F9C9FEFE3CE0" box="[219,339,1981,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">microtarsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (middle, UFMG 2536, male, age class 6), and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF814534123DF9C9FC0C3CE0" box="[834,929,1981,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrhardti">ehrhardti</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (right, MNHCI 4322, male, age class 5). Scale = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF80453511B8FEE3FE113A0C" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Although commonly documented as insectivore, studies on food habits suggest that the genus has an omnivorous diet (Vieira & Astúa de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF80453510A7FEC9FDC33BE7" author="Moraes" box="[472,622,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Vieira, E. M. & Astua de Moraes, D. (2003) Carnivory and insectivory in Neotropical marsupials. In: M. Jones, C. Dickman & M. Archer (Eds), Predators with pouches: the biology os carnivorous marsupials. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 267 - 280." type="book chapter" year="2003">Moraes 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8045351305FEC8FC2A3BE7" author="Martins" box="[634,903,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="30" refString="Martins, E. G. & Bonato, V. (2004) On the diet of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Mammalian Biology, 69, 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Martins & Bonato 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Santori & Astúa de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8045351511FEC9FAA93BE7" author="Moraes" box="[1134,1284,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="30" refString="Santori, R. T. & Astua de Moraes, D. (2006) Alimentacao, nutricao e adaptacoes alimentares de marsupiais brasileiros. In: N. C. Caceres & E. L. A. Monteiro-Filho (Eds), Os marsupiais do Brasil: biologia, ecologia e evolucao. UNIDERP e Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, pp. 241 - 254." type="book chapter" year="2006">Moraes 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF804535146FFEC8FF7E3BC4" author="Araujo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Araujo, M. S., Martins, E. G., Cruz, L. D., Fernandes, F. R., Linhares, A. X., dos Reis, S. F. & Guimaraes, P. R. Jr .. (2010) Nested diets: a novel pattern of individual-level resource use. Oikos, 119, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Araújo
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF804535141BFEC9FA383BE7" box="[1380,1429,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and other studies have confirmed the presence of seeds, some of them with elevated germination success (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF80453511E1FF70FEF73A2F" author="Leite" box="[158,346,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="29" refString="Leite, Y. L. R., Costa, L. P. & Stallings, J. R. (1996) Diet and vertical space use of three sympatric opossums in a Brazilian Atlantic forest reserve. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12, 435 - 440." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Leite
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF804535119EFF71FEBC3A2F" box="[225,273,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF8045351019FF70FD913A2F" author="Vieira" box="[358,572,260,284]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Vieira, E. M. & Izar, P. (1999) Interactions between aroids and arboreal mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Plant Ecology, 145, 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1999">Vieira & Izar 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to feeding on insects and fruits, they eat arachnids and mollusks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF80453511E1FF53FE1D3A0C" author="Martins" box="[158,432,295,319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="30" refString="Martins, E. G. & Bonato, V. (2004) On the diet of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Mammalian Biology, 69, 58 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Martins & Bonato 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF80453511B8FF38FEFF3AC7" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The food-niche width of males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF80453513AAFF39FCD43A57" box="[725,889,333,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF80453513AAFF39FD4B3A57" box="[725,742,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF804535138BFF39FCD43A57" box="[756,889,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary according the seasons of the year. Between sexes, the average food-niche widths were similar in the trimesters corresponding to the warm–wet season, but were significantly different in the trimesters corresponding to the cool–dry season, becoming broader in the males and narrower in the females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF80453510A0FFC3FD6B3AFC" author="Martins" box="[479,710,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="30" refString="Martins, E. G., Bonato, V., Pinheiro, A. & dos Reis, S. F. (2006 c) Variation in the food-niche width of Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in a cerrado remnant in south-eastern Brazil. Mammalian Biology, 71, 304 - 308." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Martins
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8045351341FFCDFDDD3AE3" box="[574,624,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Physiological information on this species can be found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4B04FF804535141CFFC3FEE33AC7" pageId="27" pageNumber="29" refString="Cooper, C. E., Withers, P. C. & Cruz-Neto, A. P. (2009) Metabolic, Ventilatory, and Hygric Physiology of the Gracile Mouse Opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 82, 153 - 162." type="journal article">
|
||
Cooper
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF80453511BDFFA9FF573AC7" box="[194,250,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A66436F5FF80453511B8FF8BFC183994" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Much remains to be learned about the taxonomy, distribution and natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF804535150AFC74FA38392B" box="[1141,1429,512,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF804535150AFC74FA38392B" box="[1141,1429,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gracilinanus microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is poorly represented in museum collections, and this can be attributed to its low density at some localities along its distribution and to inadequate methods of capture. Studies based on nuclear DNA, and on increasing numbers of specimens analyzed, covering its geographic distribution would be useful to re-evaluate the results observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61DB4D76FF804535105FFCE4FE6E399B" box="[288,451,656,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtarsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF804535105FFCE4FE9C3994" box="[288,305,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFEAE7FF8045351041FCE5FE6E399B" box="[318,451,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">microtarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the taxonomic decisions proposed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |