178 lines
20 KiB
XML
178 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="74F6AF919F7BC0E47355507B7621031F" ID-CLB-Dataset="27761" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="114a9cd5-ae28-4133-a31e-e847c3e4f316" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615023" ID-ZooBank="A6128B92-0B20-4D4D-AE8B-483D39BB2C04" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787707609" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2018" docId="2A0887A5990A5E34BCF8FE72FE75FD7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psolidium acorbulum Thandar 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="D631FFDD991F5E22BC6FFFCAFFE4FF8E" masterDocTitle="On some miscellaneous sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the collections of the South African Museum with three new species" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1701998753008" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="717B500E6D0FAF7D11961D63BEA0E7AA">On some miscellaneous sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the collections of the South African Museum with three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51E761D4DCBB7F170250DB30FADDA2A6">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28F468B03692B30515DE499768610203">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="187B0164D3BABFAD7183BAC5EDBA2264">
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<mods:date id="FF4E9A6B88DF366679DEBEE5ED6D785C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0217E44A4586AD6662654B6779D56174">2018-12-17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2A0887A5990A5E34BCF8FE72FE75FD7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511235" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3511235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A0887A5990A5E34BCF8FE72FE75FD7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A0887A5990A5E34BCF8FE72FE75FD7E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538990A5E37BCF8FE72FDBDFE5C" box="[151,601,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCF8FE72FDBDFE5C" blockId="21.[151,601,440,499]" box="[151,601,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="F95681DF990A5E37BCF8FE72FDBDFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,601,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D30990A5E37BCF8FE72FDBDFE5C" ID-CoL="4PL5H" authority="Thandar, 2006" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,601,440,466]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acorbulum">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCF8FE72FDBDFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,601,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCF8FE72FE79FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,413,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Psolidium acorbulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42990A5E37BDCBFE72FDBDFE5C" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[420,601,440,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538990A5E37BCF8FE10FEF2FE7D" box="[151,278,474,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCF8FE10FEF2FE7D" blockId="21.[151,601,440,499]" box="[151,278,474,499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3A9A2A36990A5E37BCF1FE10FEE9FE7D" box="[158,269,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Psolidium acorbulum Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090927. A. Dorsal body wall plates; B. Ventral body wall plates; C. Plates from tube feet; D. Fragmented end-plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615056/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Figure 16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538990A5E37BCF8FDE8FE0FF883" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCF8FDE8FD64FDB6" blockId="21.[151,646,546,599]" box="[151,640,546,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="82B1119D990A5E37BCF8FDE8FD64FDB6" box="[151,640,546,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D30990A5E37BCF8FDE8FDD7FDB6" ID-CoL="4PL5H" authority="Thandar, 2006: 39" authorityName="Thandar" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,563,546,568]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acorbulum">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCF8FDE8FE96FDB6" box="[151,370,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Psolidium acorbulum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="230010A2990A5E37BD17FDE8FDD7FDB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674070" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[376,563,546,568]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5A87CB0A5F5772FF3792D0F187FABB" page="39" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42990A5E37BD17FDE8FDEAFDB6" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[376,526,546,568]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 39
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig.13.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCF8FD8BFE0FF883" blockId="21.[151,646,546,599]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,1780,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42990A5E37BCF8FD8BFE3DFDD9" author="Samyn, Y. & VandenSpiegel, D." box="[151,473,577,599]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" pagination="451 - 497" refId="ref15649" refString="Samyn, Y. and VandenSpiegel, D., 2016. Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species. Zootaxa, 4196 (4), pp. 451 - 497." type="journal article" year="2016">Samyn & VandenSpiegel, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
:487, text-fig. 27.
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCF8F93EFEEEF883" bold="true" box="[151,266,1780,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="C6304B42990A5E37BD2AF93EFE07F883" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[325,483,1780,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar 2006</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="F6DE663B990A5E37BCF8F952FD45F942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615056/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" startId="21.[151,250,1688,1710]" targetBox="[151,1436,652,1666]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCF8F952FD45F942" blockId="21.[151,1436,1688,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCF8F952FEFBF923" bold="true" box="[151,287,1688,1710]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="65A14D30990A5E37BD49F952FD7AF920" authority="Thandar, 2006" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2006" box="[294,670,1688,1710]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acorbulum">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BD49F952FE69F920" box="[294,397,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Psolidium</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BDFBF952FDE6F920" box="[404,514,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">acorbulum</emphasis>
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||
Thandar, 2006
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. SAMC-A090927. A. Dorsal body wall plates; B. Ventral body wall plates; C. Plates from tube feet; D. Fragmented end-plates.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="EABB6538990A5E37BCA8F8DDFDF1F8DA" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E37BCA8F8DDFDF1F8DA" blockId="21.[151,1436,1780,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCA8F8DDFE51F8BE" bold="true" box="[199,437,1815,1840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="12C93CEE990A5E37BDAFF8D2FD5BF8BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117766368" box="[448,703,1816,1840]" collectingDate="27-09-09" collectionCode="SM" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="SAMC-A090927" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="F2079EC8990A5E37BDAFF8D2FD60F8BE" box="[448,644,1816,1840]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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SAMC-A
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<date id="D61F1073990A5E37BE40F8D2FD60F8BE" box="[559,644,1816,1840]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" value="27-09-09">090927</date>
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</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C4B0AE76990A5E37BEFBF8D2FD5BF8BE" box="[660,703,1816,1840]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">SM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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123,
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<materialsCitation id="12C93CEE990A5E37BE96F8DDFDF4F8DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117766376" collectingDate="1977-05-10" collectionCode="SM" elevation="690" latitude="-30.550667" location="Scottburgh" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="30.801" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
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off south of
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<location id="A77E6068990A5E37BFFFF8DDFBE9F8BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A0887A5990A5E34BCF8FE72FE75FD7E:A77E6068990A5E37BFFFF8DDFBE9F8BE" box="[912,1037,1815,1840]" latitude="-30.550667" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="30.801" name="Scottburgh" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Scottburgh</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C7955074990A5E37B872F8D2FB4DF8BE" box="[1053,1193,1816,1840]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" precision="9" value="-30.550667">30°33.04’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C7955074990A5E37B8D5F8DDFAADF8A1" box="[1210,1353,1815,1840]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" precision="9" value="30.801">30°48.06’ E</geoCoordinate>
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, heavy dredge,
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<quantity id="65599B56990A5E37BC9EF8F6FEDEF8DA" box="[241,314,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="690.0">
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<elevation id="298CD180990A5E37BC9EF8F6FEDEF8DA" box="[241,314,1852,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="690.0">690 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="D61F1073990A5E37BD29F8F6FE5FF8DA" box="[326,443,1852,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" value="1977-05-10">
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<collectingDate id="C65BE99B990A5E37BD29F8F6FE5FF8DA" box="[326,443,1852,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" value="1977-05-10">10.V.1977</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 1 spec
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EABB6538990A5E34BCA8F895FCDCFE06" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A21E36B3990A5E34BCA8F895FCDCFE06" blockId="21.[151,1436,1780,2021]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="90D5EAA1990A5E37BCA8F895FEBDF8F6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1887,1912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="78">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Form typically psolid with an arched dorsal surface and flattened ventral surface forming the sole which is largely covered by ventral flaps of the body wall; sole thin-walled, membranous. Specimen length about
|
||
<quantity id="65599B56990A5E37BCF8F86DFF0BF831" box="[151,239,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, width in mid-body just over
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||
<quantity id="65599B56990A5E37BE55F862FD9AF831" box="[570,638,1960,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
. Colour off-white in alcohol. Dorsal scales overlapping, not possible to determine the number of scales between mouth and anus as latter two not apparent. Dorsal tube feet in three conspicuous rows, but few also in inter-ambulacra. A single row of tube feet present on margin of sole. Tube feet emit from between scales and not through them. Tentacle number undetermined, tentacles simple (digitate) or very finely branched. Internal anatomy typical of species, form and size of ossicles as in
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||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34B806FF2AFB79FF76" box="[1129,1181,224,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Dorsal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699095E34B93EFF15FF2CFE93" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Psolidium acorbulum Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090927. A. Dorsal body wall plates; B. Ventral body wall plates; C. Plates from tube feet; D. Fragmented end-plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615056/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Figure 16A</figureCitation>
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||
) include large
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||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34BD1EFECFFE40FE93" box="[369,420,261,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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||
, up to 335 µm and small
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||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34BEADFECFFD11FE93" box="[706,757,261,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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||
, up to 70 µm, all with about 10 holes. Ventral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699095E34B93EFECEFF22FECE" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Psolidium acorbulum Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090927. A. Dorsal body wall plates; B. Ventral body wall plates; C. Plates from tube feet; D. Fragmented end-plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615056/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Figure 16B</figureCitation>
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) much smaller, larger ones up to 240 µm, and smaller ones up to 135 µm, all with up to 10 holes, usually fewer. Tube feet deposits comprise minute perforated plates (
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<figureCitation id="3A9A2A3699095E34BE9BFE86FC93FEEB" box="[756,887,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,652,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Psolidium acorbulum Thandar, 2006. SAMC-A090927. A. Dorsal body wall plates; B. Ventral body wall plates; C. Plates from tube feet; D. Fragmented end-plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615056/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Figure 16C</figureCitation>
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), larger ones up to 350 µm, smaller ones up to 90 µm; end-plates present, up to 100 µm, with numerous holes.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899095E34BCA8FE5EFEB1FE5E" pageId="22" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399095E34BCA8FE5EFEB1FE5E" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199095E34BCA8FE5EFE84FE23" bold="true" box="[199,352,404,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
East coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAB6762399095E34BE6DFE5EFD72FE23" box="[514,662,404,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Scottburgh to East London,
|
||
<quantity id="65599B5699095E34B84EFE5EFB47FE22" box="[1057,1187,404,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.325" metricValueMax="7.75" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="732.5" valueMax="775.0" valueMin="690.0">690–775 m</quantity>
|
||
, perhaps extending to N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAB6762399095E34BCD6FE7DFEB5FE5E" box="[185,337,439,464]" name="Mozambique" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EABB653899095E34BCA8FE16FE75FD7E" pageId="22" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A21E36B399095E34BCA8FE16FE75FD7E" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="90D5EAA199095E34BCA8FE16FEDFFE7B" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was originally based on two specimens collected from off Port St. Johns and East London area on the east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAB6762399095E34BE43FE35FD21FD96" box="[556,709,511,536]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Now, its occurrence north of Port St. Johns is a noteworthy extension of its range. This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6304B4299095E34BE88FDEEFC72FDB3" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[743,918,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16398" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and therefore only a few pertinent features are recorded above. The knobs on the plates are not as prominent as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34BFBDFD82FBE2FDEE" box="[978,1030,584,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. It is also difficult to determine the tentacle number and form. Simple tentacles were described for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34BFCFFDA7FC34FD0B" box="[928,976,621,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
where as in the current specimen some tentacles appear minutely branched. Despite this there is no doubt as to the specific identity of the current material. As in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D1A881199095E34BD6AFD7FFED1FD43" box="[261,309,693,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
the form is exactly psolid-like and the mouth and anus not distinguishable as they are both covered by overlapping scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |