844 lines
88 KiB
XML
844 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document id="CA0C62C6AFF01AEE270E35F6B5800A95" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9eb6df8-884d-4ab7-a470-95e6831f536d" ID-PMC="PMC5027644" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-613-1" ID-PubMed="27667928" ID-ZooBank="0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-613-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 613" ModsDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" checkinTime="1472587903591" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Suraprasit, Kantapon, Jaeger, Jean-Jacques, Chaimanee, Yaowalak, Chavasseau, Olivier, Yamee, Chotima, Tian, Pannipa & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2016" docId="7F9169A0C61DACF8D5D6E5B9297E8B72" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 613: 1-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 613" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309" docTitle="Axis axis Erxleben 1777" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFE0FFDCF21FE33DFFCFFFB3FFF4FF93" masterDocTitle="The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1701315463447" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="70AB612D1DD76A30BCB3366F42B29C6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A4A91D33A3C7BE3DB27921F8FADE78D1">
|
||
<mods:title id="561EA24B00E15F7F1F4C6D86399FD54C">The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0624BE13FE41E4E2BC135E116172B3FB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="28E0390B043440AAAE8F4A9A8F739090">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="44E88650B2E9D951ABBEF39D57FFB3B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D5B9AF811D6C7901C441F15A486C2987">Suraprasit, Kantapon</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9D361EF3A10BEDC013D5B1994A237CAC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DC4D616699BD9DB6DD3228D96DDE153E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FF5117D00240A40FB3E02E0B17D13F8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A6A1190C64FB446835D37354FFEE6C5E">Jaeger, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="98A3326C60E1A3DA7EEA3164FBA23127" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="162E0D826BCFBFF4F08EE66E10B1EC9E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3EF180A36A358D55201DFCCFE307B86D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AF6DF6F12A0500A2BEDDC8DE29B47ED2">Chaimanee, Yaowalak</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="468BABF8CD2C86081699108579609FBE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0CF12E25B60C14A1462B3A965CE68E7E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8C89FAA096D09C4DC197570066F8361F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="82FE0C56DA8805DFB9756C53A1E1C00C">Chavasseau, Olivier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BE00E73EBD525EB8F5CFDA3384E08D9C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1CA8001B0F1D122B60B32BB2609ED28D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="25466052CABA4440F51D67AD06BB43AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5B730C92614A7AB306FFC8A64A89BA12">Yamee, Chotima</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8634045FD83EC248E173C8B1DB5980C1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="627BA7C59E7767D088869971E2FA3F97">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D26DEFC24B3D2D7604047345C54D1BCE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="761C2D33501D9E2CF93DA20C5814B383">Tian, Pannipa</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BEADF13F04DCC26081BBD934EC550EFE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F91D59A05B1902371D5023FC8D027FBC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="82123A41F549730C55F4BA03E8B2AA69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="50678508531F26EF2C641BA976A2A64E">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4876DFCE439E5649AC781CD6895A31EA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="56388FD1D35165061893F01B2B8979AB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="20C5C1307B72D5D2F3BDD754D616D306">
|
||
<mods:title id="45D9B82D6CFE374DD22EDA37486F1B72">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7054A95170FEF84D406CC6750E831FE2">
|
||
<mods:date id="48E3CCAEFD7DD9824142C8658A078EDD">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3449BFCCCCF7641FDB271E48A6F07C52" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0EFA71137C386663EDE7C3B2BD2E6BB1">613</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="99F59EAF70FEF80C119A75A8842A29FD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="19156A4691CCF224904A1B6566867ECF">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B743A1F825BF16B2A3C672F3F723E08F">157</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="A148268C895E5E2F0184DC02C272E54F">
|
||
<mods:url id="6C2145BA43AC01D7669B3EA139851F09">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4812F6EE6D02E337462D56C8FE796F3A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B5EDA8054760E287F4CC20DF6C21A317" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.613.8309</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F02EAED35E568EACABB6BEA1CD0B56CB" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-613-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FDEF837682A45B0B86EDEF18584AB387" type="ZooBank">0FDE9BAB3DD4402DB6E1177639C32D43</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="7F9169A0C61DACF8D5D6E5B9297E8B72" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F9169A0C61DACF8D5D6E5B9297E8B72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F9169A0C61DACF8D5D6E5B9297E8B72" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AA069B64F55D3881FCD6D340E04A40F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="5705B07F63FFB6370007AF00D61B6A34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Taxon classification Animalia Artiodactyla Cervidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFE82431819F59C43F4142A6B5BA3EC1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B27DE3E00130D7221CD0470CA25E7321" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0134AAC2F810607DFA44FC6EC7A09B1B" ID-CoL="K49Z" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ED8D1F569FF3379E84135FC4A2C79F74" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D1DE11F789C03742D8DE23A32529A3A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Referred material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C22C77B62825BA1DE572E1210F0982B4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Four crania-DMR-KS-05-04-18-50 (with two antlers), DMR-KS-05-03-00-30 (with left partial and right broken antlers), DMR-KS-05-03-18-X9 (with pedicles), and DMR-KS-05-03-27-1 (with pedicles); two right complete antlers-DMR-KS-05-03-31-30 and DMR-KS-05-03-22-4; a nearly complete left antler, DMR-KS-05-04-4-1; five right fragmentary antlers-DMR-KS-05-03-18-21, DMR-KS-05-03-19-82, DMR-KS-05-03-28-22, DMR-KS-05-06-22-2, and DMR-KS-05-03-28-1; eight left fragmentary antlers-DMR-KS-05-03-00-12, DMR-KS-05-03-19-81, DMR-KS-05-03-22-2, DMR-KS-05-03-24-1, DMR-KS-05-04-09-1, DMR-KS-05-03-19-13, DMR-KS-05-03-26-21, and DMR-KS-05-03-08-17; two left fragmentary maxilla-DMR-KS-05-03-28-6 (with M1-M3) and DMR-KS-05-03-08-31 (with P3, P4, and M1 root); a right P4, DMR-KS-05-04-01-3; a left M1, DMR-KS-05-04-28-5; a left M2, DMR-KS-05-03-14-5; thirteen right mandibles-DMR-KS-05-03-14-2 (with m3), DMR-KS-05-03-20-1 (with p4-m3), DMR-KS-05-03-20-2 (with m2 and m3), DMR-KS-05-03-22-7 (with m2 and m3), DMR-KS-05-04-03-1 (with p2-m3), and DMR-KS-05-03-27-3 (with m2 and m3), DMR-KS-05-03-19-1 (with p2-m3), DMR-KS-05-03-22-8 (with m2 and m3), DMR-KS-05-04-01-1 (with p2-m3), DMR-KS-05-03-24-4 (with m2), DMR-KS-05-03-26-12 (with m2 and m3), DMR-KS-05-04-7-10 (with p3, m1, and m2), and DMR-KS-05-03-26-10 (with p2-m1); eight left mandibles-DMR-KS-05-03-18-22 (with p2), DMR-KS-05-03-22-6 (with m1-m3), DMR-KS-05-03-27-22 (with p3-m2 sockets and broken m3), DMR-KS-05-04-09-2 (with p3, p4, m1 and m2 sockets, and m3), DMR-KS-05-03-00-102 (with p4 and m1), DMR-KS-05-03-19-2 (with m1-m3), DMR-KS-05-03-23-1 (with p2 and p3 roots and p4-m3), and DMR-KS-05-03-29-1 (with p2-m3); a left m1, DMR-KS-05-04-28-6; three m2-DMR-KS-05-03-25-4 (right), DMR-KS-05-03-00-104 (left), and DMR-KS-05-03-22-11 (left); four left m3-DMR-KS-05-04-9-4, DMR-KS-05-03-22-9, DMR-KS-05-04-01-2, and DMR-KS-05-03-08-33; three right fragmentary humeri (distal part)-DMR-KS-05-03-13-4, DMR-KS-05-04-11-32, and DMR-KS-05-03-17-17; six metacarpi-DMR-KS-05-03-18-2 (right), DMR-KS-05-03-19-3 (right), DMR-KS-05-03-22-28 (right), DMR-KS-05-03-08-2 (right), DMR-KS-05-04-30-20 (right proximal fragment), and DMR-KS-05-03-19-37 (left); a right fragmentary femur, DMR-KS-05-03-27-4 (distal part); three metatarsi-DMR-KS-05-03-26-3 (right), DMR-KS-05-03-29-30 (left), and DMR-KS-05-03-15-14 (left).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CD079D8E39DB1462B38C09AB488B76A9" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5862C8A1F097F91F5C57584EDB68AE35" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6792F899D07E9A43921E7CF1826E5469" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Crania and upper dentition: four crania are almost complete, lacking only the anterior portions (e.g., nasal, jugal, palatine, and maxilla) (Fig. 14
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CC3B6390AEA266198569F626C1F5C1D" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The specimen DMR-KS-05-04-18-50 shows nearly complete antlers, lacking only the left brow tine (Fig. 14A, B). The cranium DMR-KS-05-03-00-30 possesses a right antler portion preserving the complete brow tine but the broken main
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7DD7B63E5F1D2253EDB5E2CFB4CC0AE4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">beam</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig. 14C, D). The specimens DMR-KS-05-03-18-X9 (Fig. 14E) and DMR-KS-05-03-27-1 (Fig. 14F, G) preserve most of the rear part of the skull but lacks zygomatic arcs and antler portions. The specimen DMR-KS-05-03-27-1 preserves a
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6BB3F90E56CDF754BBBBB106AE03BD57" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">deformed</pageBreakToken>
|
||
frontal area and broken pedicles (Fig. 14F). The basioccipital and basisphenoid are subtriangular in ventral view and show well-deveoped anterior and posterior tuberosities with a longitudinal groove running along the central part (Fig. 14B, D, G). The lateral edges of the basioccipital and basisphenoid are concave like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F66E806CA77D833EB7958E49CB3AA08" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The foramina ovale are large and open ventrolaterally. The shed antlers are characterized by three main tines, smooth surfaces, a short pedicle and brow tine, a long and slender main beam, a high angle (about 100-120°) between the main beam and the brow tine, and a well-developed burr (Fig. 14A, C,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="773A2AC301B8AFBE801070435679A14B" originalValue="H–L">H-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
). A small ornamented tine (or knob) is sometimes present along the dorsal surface of the brow tine or at the main beam-brow tine junction (Fig. 14C,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9A234E2898CFB78AD4AE8FC224FE66E5" originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The main beam is oriented upward, laterally, and posteriorly, and consists of forked tines apically. At the antlered crown, the inner tine is much shorter than the outer one (Fig. 14A, H, I). The skull and antler exhibit a typical arrangement of recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8615BF48BCE9872D86C18B4D2512D5B1" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the orientation of the main beam and brow tine, the bifurcation at the apical crown tine, and the shape of the basioccipital and basisphenoid) (for measurements, see Appendix 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2CBF447FBBF9B359E2BD3E7384CC5A76" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="C49AA6F5C44FFDE626A0F076CB54642E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Figure 14. Cranial remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27ED3351F20EA38E033E85AD6EAFE352" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Khok Sung:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9188983220CFF4EC5BB04F4E7ECAAD4D" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-04-18-50, a cranium with nearly complete antlers in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C77305EBA865E7FFF72CA628DFBBB3ED" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-00-30, a cranium in lateral (C) amd ventral (D) views E DMR-KS-05-03-18-X9, a cranium in anterior view
|
||
<normalizedToken id="04C5CB6A22A874769D914D2BFA5E6375" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-27-1 a cranium in dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views H DMR-KS-05-03-31-30, a right antler in anterior view; (I) DMR-KS-05-03-22-4, a right antler in lateral view J DMR-KS-05-03-18-21, a left antler fragment in lateral view KDMR-05-03-22-2, a left antler fragment in lateral view L DMR-KS-05-03-19-81, a left antler fragment in medial view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D08C8331B95383B95B441982D732916" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
P3 and P4 are similar to recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41B969A3C85E0463E69DD872D825A819" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterized by well-developed styles, medial cristae (more distinct on the P4), and posterolingual fossettes (Fig. 15A) (for measurements, see Tab. 12). On the P4, the medial cristae join the postmetacrista and divide the fossa into two islands (Fig. 15A, C). Upper molars display distinct styles (particularly the mesostyle), entostyles, and anterior cingula (Fig. 15B, D, E). The metaconule fold is slightly developed. The M2 is slightly wider than the M3 (Tab. 12). The posterior lobe of the M3 is reduced in width (Fig. 15B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8819DF8A827B1120A67DCF43461A5FEA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC2B46030FC4D9AE65F230BD96FB4613" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Figure 15. Dental remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F9F90E61240E7B31C956CB62DD3DE97" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Khok Sung: A DMR-KS-05-03-08-31, an upper left P3 and P4 in occlusal view B DMR-KS-05-03-28-6, a left upper molar row in occlusal view C DMR-KS-05-04-01-3, a right P4 in occlusal view D DMR-KS-05-04-28-5, a left M1 in occlusal view E DMR-KS-05-03-14-5, a left M2 in occlusal view
|
||
<normalizedToken id="931C5EDB2BD5B4BA00FBA651AEAB0B17" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-29-1, a left mandible in occlusal (F) and lateral (G) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECD691BAA9530A79F319C4E272A015A9" originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-26-10, a right mandibular fragment in occlusal (H) and medial (I) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A81EAD44C219B1A8D2AA2B5E49A39BC9" originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-04-03-1, a right mandible in occlusal (J) and lateral (K) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8A16C712EC5B5AFC8F8A141DA7C5F7EA" originalValue="L–M">L-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-20-1, a right mandible in occlusal (L) and lateral (M) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF0DC2F70D9792D4125C599ADDD1C15A" originalValue="N–O">N-O</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-22-7, a right mandible in occlusal (N) and lateral (O) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4D0B704E9E9F99814BC5379EB2ED33C" originalValue="P–Q">P-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-08-33, a left m3 in occlusal (P) and buccal (Q) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="74D7876F4541B2937A483F677AA920BD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="273FCCB457E60CC2AA279BE3046088F6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table 12. Measurements (lengths and widths in millimeters) of cervid teeth from Khok Sung. N=number of specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F404A904A6DD6E888D1F80B35FDE6A07" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<table id="3F399324A39799769709C05DE1D3302D" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<tr id="C217787116FEBDAE7CBF1EFB02902336" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="2A07FE490EBF3EAA1B8CAF0A3A9661CB" colspan="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Length</th>
|
||
<th id="83443D945856FDFCBF7760B11AFCC94A" colspan="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Width</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CBC89BFE25ADB4726948F184949FC417" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<th id="14D2ED4110653A82D026A4B0FDAC02AA" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
||
<th id="1780BBA3C4C5F85B1AA39EED7D9D7CB7" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="758DECAA85F8C16D325E7133A9055856" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="D316370188ACE0667F36E711EA301C13" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
||
<th id="36771E8F60F658A0170F6DCA9398D0F8" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="5B426BCD0094A202AF33A916B931F98E" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E53D5340027E645BDC3B0AA32D7E82CA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<td id="A086C23740D0F72E6D9C81443F8B13F3" colspan="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BB585AEF201AAEBF1B394D516AB627F" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9834AB3C47EA451D482E24B18E726D23" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<td id="23B6ADCEB9E9CCDB452F6AE67F335B57" colspan="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3965B36C9E8EAD413A7DCC4D9FDDA83E" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B762453F4F6147BBC2C370D426B97C93" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<td id="F7AB6806502B89D98F1DCFC1521EC394" colspan="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32AC8AB91C8F808EA706881B79EF9D4C" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2854C392CF6F6E6238194C461BA8E50" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Mandibles and lower dentition: twenty one mandibles range from fragmentary (preserving only the broken corpus) to nearly complete (lacking only the ascending ramus and coronoid process) individuals (Fig. 15
|
||
<normalizedToken id="140AA6CC5FBD928DB70C3D43D29A4476" originalValue="F–O">F-O</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (for measurements, see Appendix 5). The mandibular symphyses are almost complete, but all incisors are missing. The protoconulid of the p2 is poorly-developed or absent (Fig. 15F, H, J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD80078296404CEBEFC5DD99478CE8E4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Lower third and fourth premolars exhibit a well developed metaconid which projects obliquely in occlusal view, posterior to the entoconid (Fig. 15F, H, J) (for measurements, see Tab. 12). The latter conid joins the posthypocristid, forming a back valley on moderately worn teeth. The metaconid is bifurcated (two separated flanges: pre- and postmetacristids) on the p4. All lower molars are morphologically characterized by their brachyodont crowns and well-developed stylids (parastylid, metastylid, and entostylid), ectostylids (basal pillars), and anterior cingulids (also called "goat fold") (Fig. 15
|
||
<normalizedToken id="636B047CA7C35645C10DF87289245EB3" originalValue="F–Q">F-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
). On the m3, the posterior ectostylid is absent (Fig. 15F, G,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C14CA5BB216AE63F65C3D168EEB29C40" originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The third lobe is ring-shaped as it is present on the recent specimens (e.g., MNHN-ZMO-1901-547, MNHN-ZMO-1988-153, ZSM-1951-70, and ZSM-1961-3) (Fig. 15F, P). But the third lobe is sometimes small and poorly-developed, as observed from the recent specimen ZSM-1963-27 (Fig. 15J, L, N). The back fossa is present on unworn to slightly worn teeth (Fig. 15F, P), but absent on moderately to heavily worn ones (Fig. 15L, N). The posthypoconulidcristid is well-developed, a small crest protruding slightly more posterolingually (Fig. 15F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC47E4D4E725D657EA88BF8E2BB7DD49" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F18D527292E63213E97A961CA2795CED" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Postcranial</pageBreakToken>
|
||
remains: postcranial bones include isolated humeri (Fig. 16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4DAC6C02544E4550955A6948F5F2A2C" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
), metacarpi (Fig. 16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6F5C01984D53FBB1DCE7ED49597A47C0" originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
), a femur (Fig. 16I, J), and metatarsi (Fig. 16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8D66A2FCCE5FACF11264175E2EB3635" originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The humerus and femur are fragmentary. We identify here these fossil postcranial bones based on the size and proportion compared with the extant specimens (Tab. 13 and Appendices 1, 7, 9-10, and 12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8A85F9ED603B6881FC402483491C22AC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7425C0C97AB5E179FA1D53D9A884D0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Figure 16. Postcranial remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0961F012EB0AFD34AE4FE5B3C3630A0A" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Khok Sung:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="627E1F2F3D51A515152C3BB895320799" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-04-11-32, a right distal humerus in anterior (A) and distal (B) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DBCE9EBA8B929E2F97ADFC572DFF6164" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-18-2, a right metacarpus in proximal (C), anterior (D), and distal (E) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1ABF9D09BB65AD197E0805AEFFE3EAA5" originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-19-37, a left metacarpus in proximal (F), anterior (G), and distal (H) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F7A5A3921EAB51C77D7DD2F7AC70B59C" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-27-4, a right distal femur in posterior (I) and distal (J) views
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66CA1DF2F6500E028C05C0A0324A5110" originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
DMR-KS-05-03-26-3, a right metatarsus in proximal (K), anterior (L), and distal (M) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A134124ABA86638F8ACCD8EF2892C73C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="C79DC28A31A41E7896804636ECAD83EA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Table 13. Proportional indices of postcranial remains of identified ruminant taxa from Khok Sung.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7BE2DB69402104AB65286927A25874B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="0A087CA5DF0B2B6D20FC4D5D670C00A7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<tr id="D42C30B27130FB92DA767D61183F130F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="ABB82D33B0690698CDDB386599E9587A" colspan="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Scapula</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7635CC66D295C65FCFB11906D25D05F4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D5F829126C5B231EE90E1768558E9760" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="722348D03BA0BD678F96521E874CF6DC" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="C352D971FF3EB5E80C18108D818B9F1D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">HS/Ld</td>
|
||
<td id="A75C5DA1F316239EF6B76706557D46BD" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">DHA/Ld</td>
|
||
<td id="A92AFDB7AD6FBD7955A95193047A3979" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Ld/SLC</td>
|
||
<td id="29A271B95AB17C7D2B8C5A74CDC7C468" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">LG/BG</td>
|
||
<td id="D6A2B99B946E3B4D82502158AE265A28" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GLP/LG</td>
|
||
<td id="1D1298AC50C198323FAE583F2E4353F5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">SLC/BG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="830F0934A6FE9E8C503C0B1EDCEC74BC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="171C1D5166BEFCC5F60D472912259326" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="617901FCBE37CBAC47EF76D9D80C0F88" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9434998CD2E347F57463DFB6F484FD6F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="C2A6E53CD865D8FB41C6502EEE075966" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2789CFEE5D44906B370593928F98A234" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B3625A45F9B7786294B98B8509CB365" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="9C3762FA2F2852D1177366E36D06E79B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2355D631C7F0619734431BE218A870EF" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B3D1D0008ACC548C6C6FC259A05D7CAD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="547E7E7DBDC4D08A314D0615D9F2178D" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Humerus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7F657CB46C8E60B6BF45724CBE101B36" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="7D64BCA97F2F049CB9F719DCD9C67D40" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2F4D0196897ED789E785C844224456" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="5A0AAAB28596AD95F5178CE1CEFF8C56" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="D88E23ECE10653985F3BAF2744A6156A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="ED8C0134E224569EBE8549E18F42030D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="94F769AC1A18B84C91FC395EE728B00C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="D6F2379EB27ACE7F666FBD7964F6BC75" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="ECE5322E3837801BB6F7B5C49484BA7E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dp/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="20AD61412DCB8B4936108A6FE5A61F5B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="12DB70A2E1D61A2ACC4456DF17C75D11" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="550F575046F62B00D96C2AFAFD544A31" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/BT</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="855AB806CA0390C88582782A34003C92" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="57C6AFF5639B91472E09FF0EAED67BF8" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ADC08B061FE65933D0CD2E42F22F1B2" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos sauveli" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauveli">Bos sauveli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9192F794595C9918F4078F0CD1EEB3AA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="CB87161499EEB8CE7C96E6215C673A87" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA19A8F2D17FFEF2E28AFE26647CE0A1" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos gaurus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">Bos gaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9A36DBBC37658481CE57169FF00B87B4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B0492479C70EBED6A4718ACEF1400EAB" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F348EC57480A124FC0DBD1D6D133E092" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos gaurus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">Bos gaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="84B2E87249B715B9CE0A94D472E07F7D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="38F0E9134206EDFA646BF7B99F811C02" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0DCAFB099094A0DFC67D73EF855FE07" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="77537156D5A37929CFF80C86DC480317" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4157EBD4A06CBA5C82FC3D1ACC5D113C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="462C6211565C131BC3ECDE5955500617" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F2096ACCA726D2161B734F49D5F233E4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="603D977AC4BD1ECC8F180EC98A7F8CA8" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B807E60671AD3213C0481218745607C" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EEDE6BCD86D3B1D273AD468775639D2C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="55DBB036E0AD91056041D6A912EE6651" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BD42FBE773EA2C05ED5D83CFFCD5C31" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3327B1A4B7B15A0B3C5724F7125F7E48" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4036E91D6461ADFCDEC66C57556020AC" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D4671C1794FECE398F3D1F68E2C6FAB" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3A5E3670760AEB2B3A77B163C8CFEF6C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="3E26E97B13A9FF43DD3CE341F8FC00E2" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D433D80B2F6942C2C80DC9360012DA2" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63BA2B7FB032DFCABA671BC9FF1861F3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="6A0A52E7BA2A7A800C251FFF669B8FA5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C963947B0D8E7F6AA376D4F25060EF6C" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4B77687B7240763724150DC889E73D4F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="5537993F37789BFB50D1260AB57283A4" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF57A4DA3A5AE2BDA2D6A879E6875F2" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="78CFA070BDB9E912466FE764466D9983" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="6D14BD69DC263D3C086F4EC6933B5686" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Ulna and radius</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="83462E36C46E36626B0C69A864490233" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="54BF9DAAD422D4E1B40E11F2E351E49C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="EAFAF0D13079D1A8A5765AAA7C08A5E7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="C9AD6DA2C63297FCE305592244135837" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">PL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="F2F63BEE50D088BC0052DADE80C60582" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">PL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="929B357EE62CCC1784779D2A67C0A660" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">PL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="3D663A62C35436AB704FDB6A7758A6CC" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">PL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="F1857E7B57C10727144C491603DB5DD9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="45128533CBE8815B42DDCC71D6A51D5D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dd/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="6F9EC06D8012ABB42C6B8EF1FC08BE8A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="1BD907A44092B43C71E9385B1D06D086" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="2E4E5C472C4CC1FF3AF7699401E6CDEA" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/BFp</td>
|
||
<td id="EE2AB03E8A8F37EE5C98CC231A97FE3F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/BFd</td>
|
||
<td id="3D28A3A90D44AE32DD824B6D29E8E868" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/LO</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CB7D6ED73C7026EF64FB4C9C70977B08" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="74E76D67080D4385614EFA47F5314FD5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33CCFFA4BD337F3EF2D1F8BFC5C3AEDF" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="749FD38B9B41DFC0B46ED8D007A2C92E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8BC2E39D83124A612D7E7B55510E556F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D499A67D7E7D7AE514B2650F2F22B165" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3B54CB3E3D7A5206FE79407CB05244DC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="744592E4724D0EFE37025636B16A31D5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BAD904FB87909F76D4B0B4ECCB7AFD" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CE82F3B8FF7D843E095D8C94F9A9811B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="EAA5AD2684D7B66693F81D30FDD2CFE8" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D02528DF5C2C925F906B1373A4C5646C" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="00B6766CC8D69EB53269B65E96CF6329" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="33A141EDD1543DAE203F4CAEFAC72E73" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45110841A8452C951669047F9D69BAD0" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3EE43DD874EA46C156AD0D21A6D9301C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="0367DA8E8D04643936C4AC3248625957" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE0305DBAE252877F679EFAEF3EB8D4B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E1D6E6C50D9B1F1DB8DD7E1D18FBCE16" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="542A6F2879D328131D13CE958272A340" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D833E9D4506ED5DF92D86F939600841" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4359FE51D0E40E47ED6B6FDEC634FA10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="55708578C450B5586A10A2985B0920F6" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2593164BE467622C9460E15A8F299F2A" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C0175DD6BA662C0315D921E119717337" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="DD128A7B4AA2E9B6F0EC44D2C881A73D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8CF87ECC9678FE1B6CCD7F49BE085F4" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0F2AB59D89E776E6F437C18A5F1B5CDD" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="02EDB7EF856CCD00F94B83EA9FF3CC4B" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Femur</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B489F052308A62195D55294F1B13B01" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="089145BA9C5314F7FF9D9F11C7C0AF71" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="DC5C18494D00AB670907214293621BFB" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="985B976A7FC7B2FE9FDAA572152357FF" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="D04F169C8BA69FD6CD9DC8243520ADD2" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="2C0BEAACFE7042EBC6857489BF2822B3" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="56937D68D1B780E5D3F93AB19FACDDB3" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="2745FB8BE705925B27ADD2757E805287" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="B21E91DA486C1284E449600AD477155E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dd/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="2C106E7AEA686160E8AC4F4DD8D07C9A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="D067FB6FEC171E502AC0DAC8E377758C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dd/Bd</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="344F075E92C2C02AAEDD93622115311A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B55DD1787DBE8FB668CE7DC7B6028D5B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F03C2D99CF9A89AD93579A8AACF8612E" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos gaurus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">Bos gaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FE41FB994322AE196614F0F7FE15FFCA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="ED8A243D1B576999578E61D0A6B76C16" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC33DD62F4CCEE855377E93F0CD7E958" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E592DF97AC1F08A0915E2A599F405DD0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="C000734717BE50BEF77573D1707757B2" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="304E31DE596F45E5B3400A248C703F4B" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="559448890015444979E14FF01E2FFB7B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="ABE9EC2D1A76F37FB484B55EC78CFC6E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E68E253C225DE7C8B2D3ED43793D66C" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="23FDA9431FD6F54CF6D0A85B4C72A758" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="A4BEEC70C36392E9F5811963E78A7445" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B697B25C3E91AE7F684B2D12D45000E" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="74CADD129B026EBB4044B0845FFA34B9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="004F1D0AB384FAEC9970E97470A222FA" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4878C32BB6390BE26C7B1F16AEF02608" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7ADC405A245378B5014A10051DFDC7D3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D68638DBEEA87E97E949DC77486184BC" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12E028DF23213B8EC28F1C0AF80EC4D7" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7E4A681072E33EC03226B2DF9D45C86F" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="7BDBCEDCCF0E596EC6E04FA1D6EB705C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43A4C8552E4F4AC4210CD2BE7740E65B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D163C903C95DD72483C87988F8F9FC30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="FF7C9134040316D121FA52C739A48E14" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17CDDB14AC08418432CFFE8141DF1E1F" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9D66DFF89C270467657830488CD8896D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D6260215546CE076FC9D7903444D03E6" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA6CA2B9E11BB37319316FCADB024842" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AFF0ABA10F7D11D8EDB1BEF393E5E39E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="1ABB8F781E48D4FB87949EA8699D988D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F94C1F7424C81972ED368172A6EE8BE8" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B21989624688EC2C2F36C1ED4290E25E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="0D7F6EA3CC24C78820221595E442CE05" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D5A2354DD97013FD6DE314AA4096242" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="724DC5EABC5CD737C357FD8AB5478400" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="BB17C88BB988098737F1E8D2B95FB49F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC1936B9227F43503B9CCF94232A330" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="29CE72A41FF661AE92685CBB4C841CB9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="F43008053F4D1F6F702728866D7A77B7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BCE7C506ED361C05AA6437719AD871" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E6F550F66C27780523766C164F4EF35D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="FEE25ACAE0F581A470C46F3C84E0E4ED" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5173B31A1EBBD0C62D8715D42075866" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="851EE45D3475B75EFC23822CED278CB1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="AAC1B657D3EDCA6D451D1185287C6F00" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F6B7BE18D5603615FDA6940AB90E970" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DB50FC515FF1618DD9BE0637F8782652" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B0A9F19959C6F1F5469DA8E588226D34" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A068DDD523794CC4D17236A59CEEED8" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0A94470BCB009330CC8D861AF268222A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8737C46CA661796EDEB2EB19D34C9853" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Tibia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EE8C7046E3F9776FE0574BA0927D6057" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="31CECE94E9B1ECBC891564618371A79B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="8AB6F53DB9053664227007230C3B033E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="14FDBE0F89179CDB7E4C8CB641306383" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="14FABDF94B14A63DA8EBFEADE151063E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="584FB67555F0D21363884DBE90930D26" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="5DA87626B6750386B48429D86CFA9D28" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="30955DA8E0A31F011A2250F45B7FABA4" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="266EFD9BBF6CA0532CDE6991A9D7DEA7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dp/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="E95882D95FBB2E3CBE54BDEEE208250E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="7E52E5E8B3D2706DC1BA6CEBECCDEBAB" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/Dd</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="335A12992C02AD048AF5E5AADFD5144E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="A2AC7CDF21ABF2753134C2E114D713D3" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="380BD7DB519DD2EA22325AD76671DC12" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16A7B589FD3EBF268888A7E794BEA2ED" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4A87A7F453B61EE5B5464D6312EA832A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F761B4FCD94705DDB261CAA371C4B041" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="392AC53B7EF563484256BAC61E469CC9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="3656A2C3F5083EC60281BA1E10699052" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A43910DA19355D708F790ABE16AE90B" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2E9E9ECEFE8EE2B695A0462357A37379" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8F596AE9E1B7566A35754C8F9FC08EA9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8859A8B29FBB227D4E79693567633195" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="95DBBE3E44C0024B4E46DF3609EBF3E0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="BA00A5871BB18DA189310C1EDE386643" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Metacarpus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="036525B6A179AF12EF191263541C6DD8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="119452A7A6EA212E080362B737809880" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="A0148FAAD213040DA38BA7A23B62A4AB" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="3F847D383D2B0E1FCD6735B5E0CAA243" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="C8C300E0DCCAC6662A8128703B8F5780" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="373B5C642A750D310BA0C0D7B1ECCEB8" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="D72E890AD085783CC2AADAC013F13222" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="F5254C24545D474F07758DD3A7C05A86" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="7B6CB9C9FBF2F64B79344F3F07A7B5ED" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dp/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="2AA51AC56BAEB1B0896E2921EF036B37" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="5A6C6ABBB99D32945D8EDCA25300DFB5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/Dd</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6F12E378F2FCC70D740A03C5642A03A6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="716B4A84510B8C0E1A1987EE55D10AB5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75AFF5D89A431DC0FEFE021808417565" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos gaurus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">Bos gaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADCA8584A5BC8C12237A20A4A3F1A5AC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="89050459644202DA65164F95086BC835" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC7EC07BA2D1BC34B06FA043C3BCF442" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6B5D6CF6595DEA1986F3FC0976D1AF66" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="81AFA100A0B0B636241DB92C4775F528" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C79C7A1E074AF421850303E79F257388" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4E3FE53F2B3D96561973C1ACCC486482" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="10D66AD5C48852ADEEF0834F2DF38748" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA97C47CD7BBFDD588A86E0E3C6AE59F" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DFEB3DC16A0FE2837D8B20D25F6E6DB4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="1859E444447D37EF24966CA5589323ED" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AAB2F6D34E4089FC09CE8B358C556DA" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="944013E604654413F527292CEB081CC1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="6B050DA2A5A6740C20CB40FA8DA5D4A4" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9162F38D368CB309CF771D28A9973B9B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AC7FC2145A26F97BF7899309AB15FD31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="C1BCACE4DF5D89C3849ACEB7F789555E" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94E4CBACBEBD3B26E172CFD0D0C3E4FE" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1F0FC46929F9AE8D2E7663DA04CEB289" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4A5BA823BE1222DB1B2EF5A90A963D34" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF53E1D72FCC7F5A9DA7229C16B9D21" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ECE9245793AA40E6639520086E16651C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="7948C3F6800C0F9A23DC40206F6C82B7" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BB8E6D554726CDC7AB97C2F2E362BFD" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8DBF3C0B687F0574270CFB24ED653E73" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="06BF56A32526344C0A58B75D8AC41CE1" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A90F935AB006C831BFB77E0CD9F6C5D7" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BCF62AE427C300C3844B767CB1EB643" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="40CBC1202A7B45E1D62AE4567BABC189" colspan="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Metatarsus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FFC5418D5F715DD8652B1B26E3CEA43C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="DAC16E7737BAE4B24FF234322724810D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Specimen</td>
|
||
<td id="82B1736A049267B9D942B1BF36F92720" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="287552761BA83E15F9EA25844D63B0FF" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bp</td>
|
||
<td id="1AF7BEEBAB037698DA482DD2A938027F" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="5F5B524294430EFCF4615F7B67CDCA9B" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="F03D103ACC26B9992B8CB16C9992EE3D" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">GL/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="910A6F2BFB75B68B66B13EF6EE818103" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Bd</td>
|
||
<td id="6267598C5E34854C7A1F75D39757B0F5" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Dp/Dd</td>
|
||
<td id="A4B4DDB01E3073C56DF304D338B14A2A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bp/Dp</td>
|
||
<td id="559580B0A5DA4FD06E13204D0CF2B76A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">Bd/Dd</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="95A26990A87FC033F0BFF13491FFA4BC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="0317D994DCCE0A04E0B343EC5FCEA8ED" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76ACA6CBA6AC478FD7E2CBCC04D19B08" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A537513283591893E59C2D960BEC74A0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="42202FF9AA76C9F298CC3CFFCBA7FAB9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="553F4348B106ECCF0EA3C4D99B8FCFF5" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="742B79426519AAD569F63B4D5C641641" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="689B10BB94666293BF57FBB81A089F6C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="427389BA29B34402711BE37B6ACB9B34" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0458AAF7F433A527F41C76AEC63FEBA9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="B61FFFB50551939D42E7F0F85757BC1A" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DFB2CAC5BA1EC395C430FC1F256386A" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AC56827CD5468E064C67CEE24E77F8B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="8D02AD86A0351B633BD90086CD07EB70" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88B41C8BF42F46C1EB939E13EA1EF06B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="13CF0393E08207B43B3AE2BCC68902DB" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="A2AC12AD67DF1F03AD164EE90EAC82C1" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="921ADE855615935AB7698D5703230ED5" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CE15811D0C32B1F5729E592BCEB949EF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="4B9FEF748967F0B2A312BA97948863B6" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D673253834431785E6A4ED627AEFB141" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C50ACEBE6F55B6EB1186F1F7BA930A3B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="0C3881B5829B1514F9F8F17DBC8C5B89" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6B4BC3C6DB271E11C7A9EC49A73B0FF" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5446275C2B4EF842B4AE7414DF47599B" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="D716816F9D5FA8AF540A53D64AC450D9" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="930F177A63257AA10B7EDCDE795E2870" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DC7FB06F8EE9F1859DF0F19BFC1AB03C" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<td id="A246B534F904866D093B1557C248C109" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="314117603FEA5210B6D7435B9EEB54EC" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0345A37FE33DB4B61068100438E0EE07" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C19AF629A92D03118F74DB22F8F4E43" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B788D2DEEE7E7E30AAB23FEF5920D644" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">Taxonomic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
remarks and comparisons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF1B7247E4BA6AE651594A5C10C7D8E0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The antlers are useful to distinguish among the cervids, whereas the morphologies of lower cheek teeth are identical among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34483ABA06DA237BC5E153545FCE9138" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The skulls, antlers, and teeth from Khok Sung are morphologically similar to those observed from recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88AE85393D03BA876721E9653D425EFD" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This suggests a morphological stasis in the evolution of antlers and teeth for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EFD1E6DF0F91EAD1A3E8C3E58BC6DDC0" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Based on our observation on the extant comparative material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09A5A0A8ECB8347104FFF1B2552768" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the specimens MNHN-ZMO-1901-547, MNHN-ZMO-1988-153, ZSM-1951-70, and ZSM-1958-88), we thus demonstrate some dental morphological variation within species. The m3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88539B39536E4C22A08CBF9255C67FE6" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears more morphologically variable than the other molars, such as the more or less developed posterior talonids and the presence/absence of
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0DD98E8C274B83EEC8FAB42D898AFABC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">back</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fossae. The cheek teeth of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF715B7266F12864E8F3A425968C2FF7" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are relatively similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CEFC66780C01C096016EC30B9CB121" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., the specimens MNHN-ZMO-1904-60, MNHN-ZMO-1962-4188, ZSM-1968-493, and ZSM-1969-63). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BF4D806B17FA1C9CA25DAA868DED85E" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE073CBECCBA996D96B04E24A18300A9" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having less developed anterior cingulids on the lower molars and the presence of back fossae on the m3. Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F12EA2B860E8C5090692350F72B6307D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents an intermediate size between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC62C1EE7B90C94B225B0D30FE678AF" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two cervid species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E184746AF95FD0244974E61138BCB61F" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC9435CB1EB8F7BE63ED4ECFF7C98D3A" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Tab. 14).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9B8BA2D8B8DD822491B84288E9B650" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Khok Sung also follows the size tendency of recent populations (Figs 17 and 18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6DC1D90FBBF88928818CD32C2657F1C1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="D96804DA668B0624C48900E8F89A3DCD" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 17. Scatter diagrams of upper cheek tooth (P3-M3) lengths and widths of recent and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4326F6974AA335D26465C017E7C138B" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8A0428CE776A1267C0561E9EF0FCF99" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis javanicus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Axis javanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Trinil H. K.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="976576A8CF132A4E0AA16E89F1C9AAE3" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thum Wiman Nakin) are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DE6615D9448F6D8793198FB00391AB2" author="von Koenigswald, GHR" journalOrPublisher="Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen (Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch Indie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen Wirbeltiere Javas, I. Teil." volume="Vol. 23" year="1933">von Koenigswald (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9F69EC83FA33D606DDDA0A5A8637D17" author="Tougard, C" journalOrPublisher="University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Les faunes de grands mammiferes du Pleistocene moyen terminal de Thailande dans leur cadre phylogenetique, paleoecologique et biochronologique." year="1998">Tougard (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EB33159DA4350372C0714D54C2903B86" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="729FFE1FEAAD14802D87CE53A6554BF8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 18. Scatter diagrams of lower cheek tooth (p2-m3) lengths and widths of recent and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DF81C8F375B3655BB943A14CAC81F09" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="441667F871DE9EC041CFFCA81573D377" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis javanicus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Axis javanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Trinil H. K.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A9278E4E80EEC5CDE6422C072CD4286" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thum Wiman Nakin and Thum Prakai Phet) are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70C6AB4B3EBD8C4CE51350569AC1A1A3" author="von Koenigswald, GHR" journalOrPublisher="Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen (Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch Indie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilen Wirbeltiere Javas, I. Teil." volume="Vol. 23" year="1933">von Koenigswald (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B3B68C89BE8202DF1BEF3512629580C1" author="Tougard, C" journalOrPublisher="University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Les faunes de grands mammiferes du Pleistocene moyen terminal de Thailande dans leur cadre phylogenetique, paleoecologique et biochronologique." year="1998">Tougard (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F0ADBC52C6CF6682141B881D408E67ED" author="Filoux, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="341 - 349" title="A Pleistocene mammal assemblage containing Ailuropoda and Pongo from Tham Prakai Phet cave, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand." url="10.1016/j.geobios.2015.07.003" volume="48" year="2015">Filoux et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0B73D3CAF81B8E775863C5989773D239" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="1266048B30B348F27CDA3DF1D7C0E7D7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Table 14. Body mass prediction of Khok Sung ruminants using second molar variables, compared to relative sizes of the recent population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E59F20979B3D5A67F631FE4211371C4" author="Grzimek, B" journalOrPublisher="Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" volume="Vol 2" year="1975">Grzimek 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5FBF0F953826A8AA4D1363504BF8C5F1" author="Lekagul, B" journalOrPublisher="Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Bangkok" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" title="Mammals of Thailand." year="1988">Lekagul and McNeely 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7FAC2329A5A8BCEEC0E94197E3FBA7D7" author="Nowak, RM" journalOrPublisher="The John Hopkins University Press, London" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" title="Walker's Mammals of the World." year="1999">Nowak 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The predictive equations follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26DFCC40AEDEC64DA2D564037FE3FCE5" author="Janis, CM" editor="Damuth, J" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="255 - 299" title="Correlation of cranial and dental variables with body size in ungulates and macropodoids." volumeTitle="Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications" year="1990">Janis (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table. 16.8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5392E9E0411A2A67715B36B0CA95C9B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<table id="6E3AFC085DB9E2EF4E9BE0EAEA8BCE33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<tr id="95CDCAE6CBC97F289D5165052E35B434" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th id="3701B852258C8E551DB1C351982303FD" colspan="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Body mass (kg)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="93A50F9BC6DCD83DAC97B565E26E0F65" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="377429931FBF1A0786D46ED63FDF0D8F" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C5A09B4B9903CD3C8818675D365A650" family="Cervidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Cervidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="D087EC9C1673FE912E4D9E44F6446277" colspan="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Khok Sung</td>
|
||
<td id="497551E3A715E8EBF30043826F4329DA" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Recent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0F43B7A0581980CEB41AE3D09289CA3D" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="D51286CFF4A713B54B7A6FB70380AD15" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="0DA0DAFC1635E43CD5A9DB4E2066B7D2" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">N</td>
|
||
<td id="4DC9FBAA9B4DF91C14C9E714D628A7F9" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="932029E1AFB8CF8DA6120F795C11CD1B" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="9B9336F762EFB624D6E7B820744985D0" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BB31998609E8D522267EE7D50E28249C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="DCF3F5A0E9352935C11D2A32676321D4" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BA74D2CE477F5B481E56BFE0904BF64" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFFDCEC81BB55F769DDD29584D1189A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="8AED56F5694F8D5DEFD5C550B645022F" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="092687402881EEDA14900CC74001EA56" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Panolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panolia eldii" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eldii">Panolia eldii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="50A2B6B17369C354C42A2A0B5FCE746D" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="2DBF595CC93B72B4E8CC7379360FA8EB" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9C74B883DB28C04ACB26AA0CB52083F" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa unicolor" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">Rusa unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E2DCF28A43CEC3DFA0F08A3FDC1596C5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="F73DA3FA920B0804AD44808A62145499" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="138CD91D568529E79C21C35166BEEA0B" family="Bovidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="0B927C4FC13437ED7F4F0D7D5D2AF0F3" colspan="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Khok Sung</td>
|
||
<td id="FC80997135FB3E15C4971F2DF57598D4" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Recent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="817C85B5E72E8B365A5563AEBE17F20F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="01B9644D9A10A1CDFED3E8C0ECA3B35E" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Taxa</td>
|
||
<td id="68239C3CE5290A34A3D6704FFE0D1773" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">N</td>
|
||
<td id="8700DE361DF179D05A1C594580DFDCBA" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="DE9D95AB46D264B56E80A61516400A1F" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="B41AFA09BA747EBB45A7F5F306D39DB7" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A53E3535916BF10BC34285C808658A6A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="26675431FF2E492049E98DD61177A98E" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="978DF6FF23666636A085910E578F856E" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos sauveli" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauveli">Bos sauveli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EBE1DE2BA30221822BFA2169415A174F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="F4378EE465C1326E37FAA0F728216B3E" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F0BE9F1C6F7AF7F6174D1084B42C803" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bos gaurus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">Bos gaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47121AFB14DD1435D36C9144F71E9418" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<td id="2338423B092C9148DE81B3DD7900D33C" colspan="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="794B25283FBBB3D7D31FB69C16AF5873" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bubalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubalus arnee" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnee">Bubalus arnee</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B7729FA4EE20EF87AE6CC7228696E48" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Compared to other Pleistocene cervid species, the cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85B0B51C687310639C047882336921F4" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Khok Sung are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8041C2DD233E69E8FD5AF181B79E190D" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis shansius" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shansius">Axis shansius</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Anhui and Yunnan (China) and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC0909725C9EDFACAFC92BB865EBC006" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis javanicus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Axis javanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ngandong and Buitenzorg in Java and Carnul Cave in India, but are larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4C777CAB9521B9181EC83CA4DF2FE99" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis lydekkeri" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lydekkeri">Axis lydekkeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Trinil H. K. (Java) (Figs 17 and 18). Although,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00AF20377C6497DB2B8612FC99BC862A" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis javanicus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Axis javanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to or even synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05C46E120399033F2B7D59B0FEA46990" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis axis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="axis">Axis axis</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A921A87BA9142F52AA40456B85F9B5A9" author="Meijaard, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="179 - 196" title="Morphometrical relationships between South-east Asian deer (Cervidae, tribe Cervini): evolutionary and biogeographic implications." url="10.1017/S0952836904005011" volume="263" year="2004">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="407100F738A23F74F0747DCF4AE9E81E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Meijaard</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and Groves (2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is considered as a valid species due to studies of the geometric morphometric analysis performed on the teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="225BEE274FA622EC42CBE9965666BFDF" author="Gruwier, B" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Science Reviews" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="35 - 53" title="Exploration of the taxonomy of some Pleistocene Cervini (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae) from Java and Sumatra (Indonesia): a geometric- and linear morphometric approach." url="10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.012" volume="119" year="2015">Gruwier et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the scatter diagrams of the dental sizes (Figs 17 and 18), Thum Wiman Nakin and Thum Prakai Phet fossil teeth assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="173EC920E92B00432FA9796F6C5861C2" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841EEE25EB7814EA3B4B00ED16AF2EDD" author="Tougard, C" journalOrPublisher="University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Les faunes de grands mammiferes du Pleistocene moyen terminal de Thailande dans leur cadre phylogenetique, paleoecologique et biochronologique." year="1998">Tougard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A29CECA6F725A2CECE6934B3A860D2A" author="Filoux, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="341 - 349" title="A Pleistocene mammal assemblage containing Ailuropoda and Pongo from Tham Prakai Phet cave, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand." url="10.1016/j.geobios.2015.07.003" volume="48" year="2015">Filoux et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are much larger than their extant populations and those from Khok Sung. Although the Pleistocene hog deer probably show clinal variation in size (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A284F965196BDF3C4AA837BD3E2CEC0" originalValue="Bergmann’s">Bergmann's</normalizedToken>
|
||
rule) in re
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="ED639366023EBB77967C72C0446B12D1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">sponse</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to colder climates. The fossil teeth attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C27EEE16CE121E300E3DD1C85BFF4CBC" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Thum Wiman Nakin and Thum Prakai Phet, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50ECD4F052031CC93552C6EEA2CADBCE" author="Tougard, C" journalOrPublisher="University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" title="Les faunes de grands mammiferes du Pleistocene moyen terminal de Thailande dans leur cadre phylogenetique, paleoecologique et biochronologique." year="1998">Tougard (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F4A6D215CC31E05A44071175CD36E3D" author="Filoux, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="341 - 349" title="A Pleistocene mammal assemblage containing Ailuropoda and Pongo from Tham Prakai Phet cave, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand." url="10.1016/j.geobios.2015.07.003" volume="48" year="2015">Filoux et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, possibly reveal a double size (or more) of the recent population. We suggest that these fossils likely belong to either other larger or new cervid species that lived during the Pleistocene across mainland Southeast Asia. We also cast doubt on the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2318643637C8F8F7509AEB85510CF0" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Middle Pleistocene of Boh Dambang, Cambodia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="697FBD9D8534421E19C07D4250F04C80" author="Demeter, F" editor="Patole-Edoumba, E" journalOrPublisher="UNESCO, Phnom Penh" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 74" title="Etat des connaissances actuelles sur le Cambodge." volumeTitle="Premiers peuplements d'Asie du sud-est." year="2013">Demeter et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The existence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3AE58675BFE424C66689E1E4F028FCD" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Axis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axis porcinus" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porcinus">Axis porcinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Southeast Asia during the Middle Pleistocene is still doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |