286 lines
30 KiB
XML
286 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Eichhoff, 1868" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xyleborus affinis, 2.2 - 2.5 mm (A, B, I), X. bidentatus, 3.4 - 3.5 mm (C, D, J), X. cognatus, 2.8 - 3.1 mm (E, F, K), and X. ferrugineus, 2.5 - 3.1 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470888" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 88A, B, I</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Xyleborus affinis</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1868b: 401.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. fuscobrunneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="fuscobrunneus">Xyleborus affinis fuscobrunneus</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 504.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. mascarensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="mascarensis">Xyleborus affinis mascarensis</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 71.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. parvus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="parvus">Xyleborus affinis parvus</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 71.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus sacchari" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">Xyleborus sacchari</taxonomicName>
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Hopkins, 1915a: 64. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 830.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus subaffinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaffinis">Xyleborus subaffinis</taxonomicName>
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Eggers, 1933a: 36. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 504.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus societatis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="societatis">Xyleborus societatis</taxonomicName>
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Beeson, 1935a: 120. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Beaver, RA, 1991. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92B: 87-97." title="New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92 B: 87 - 97." year="1991">Beaver 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 94.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus proximus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximus">Xyleborus proximus</taxonomicName>
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Eggers, 1943: 66. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
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: 331.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus sacchari" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus sacchari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMNH).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus societatis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="societatis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus societatis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BPBM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Cambodia: Kampong Speu, Aoral Wildlife Sanctuary,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.75" value="11.702986">11°42'10.75"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="103.88192">103°52'54.9"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 200 m, dry dipterocarp forest, 16.xi.2013, O.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Košulíc">Kosulic</normalizedToken>
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(MNHP, 1). China: Hainan, Changjiang, Bawangling Natl For. Park,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19.117" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="19.117">19.117N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="109.080" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="109.08">109.080E</geoCoordinate>
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, 119 m, 5.xii.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia (RABC, 1). S Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, vic. Man Dian (NNNR),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07.80" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.13">22°07.80'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="40.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="100.666664">100°40.0'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 740 m, rubber plantation, 23.v.2008, A. Weigel (NKME, 1); as previous except: 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban (NNNR),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="09.49" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.158167">22°09.49'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="39.92" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.66534">100°39.92'E</geoCoordinate>
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, transit zone, 730 m, 15.vi.2008, A. Weigel (NKME, 1); as previous except: forest, EKL, 26.iii.2009, L. Meng (RABC, 1); as previous except: 28 km NW Jinghong, vic. An Ma Xi Zhan (NNNR),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.2">22°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.63333">100°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, forest, EKL, 30.x.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1). India: Meghalaya, Nokrek N. P., 3 km S Darbokgiri,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.45">25°27'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="90.316666">90°19'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1400 m, 26.iv.1999,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dembický">Dembicky</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacholátko">Pacholatko</normalizedToken>
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(RABC, 1). Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, 10 km N. Auroville, 2.ii-2.iii.2011, F. Burger (NKME, 1). Laos: Vientiane, Ban Van Eue, 15.ii.1966, native collector (BPBM, 2); as previous except: 15.v.1966 (BPBM, 1). Myanmar: Yangon Division, Highland Lodge,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="51.29" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.854834">16°51.29'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="08.29" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="96.13817">96°08.29'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11.v.1998, J. Slovinsky, ex uv light trap in semi-tropical urban rainforest (CASC, 1). Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11.43771" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.43771">11.43771</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="107.42253" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.42253">107.42253</geoCoordinate>
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, 142 m, 21.ii.2017, VN84, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 6-15 cm diameter branches (MSUC, 3). Lao Cai, Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35, 103.77, 1500 m, 21.v.2019, VN152, S.M. Smith, A.I. Cognato, ex FIT (MSUC, 4). Ninh Binh, Doi Vac, Cuc Phuong, 10-16.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2.2-2.5 mm long (mean = 2.32 mm; n = 5); 2.56-3.14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at distal 1/3; declivity shagreened, dull (specimen must be dry); small size; declivital interstriae 1 and 3 armed with sparse uniformly sized small granules, interstriae 2 sparsely granulate at declivital summit; and declivity not appearing sulcate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus cognatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. festivus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="festivus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. festivus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Probably native to tropical America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 74" refId="B481" refString="Wood, SL, 1977. Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 37: 67 - 74" title="Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="37" year="1977">Wood 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B171" refString="Gohli, J, Selvarajah, T, Kirkendall, LR, Jordal, BH, 2016. Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" title="Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" volume="16" year="2016">Gohli et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but now in temperate and tropical regions around the world. Less common in the Oriental region than in Africa and the Americas, but sometimes locally abundant. Recorded in the study region from Cambodia*, China* (Hainan, Yunnan), India (Meghalaya*, Tamil Nadu*, no state recorded), Laos*, Myanmar*, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Strongly polyphagous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus mascarensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus mascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The biology of the species is reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl (1963a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" author="Schneider, I" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B431" refString="Schneider, I, 1987. Verbreitung, Pilzuebertragung und Brutsystem des Ambrosiakaefers Xyleborusaffinis im vergleich mit X.mascarensis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Entomologia Generalis 12: 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" title="Verbreitung, Pilzuebertragung und Brutsystem des Ambrosiakaefers Xyleborusaffinis im vergleich mit X. mascarensis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Entomologia Generalis 12: 267 - 275." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" year="1987">Schneider (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
notes that more than one generation may inhabit the same gallery system, and describes the oral mycangia. Seasonal changes in numbers caught in traps have been related to temperature and rainfall in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="505 - 511" refId="B24" refString="Beaver, RA, Loeyttyniemi, K, 1991. Annual flight patterns and diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Col., Scolytidae and Platypodidae) attracted to bait logs in Zambia. Journal of Applied Entomology 112: 505 - 511, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" title="Annual flight patterns and diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Col., Scolytidae and Platypodidae) attracted to bait logs in Zambia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" volume="112" year="1991">
|
||
Beaver and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löyttyniemi">Loeyttyniemi</normalizedToken>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" author="Madoffe, S" journalOrPublisher="South African Forestry Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 15" refId="B251" refString="Madoffe, S, Bakke, A, 1995. Seasonal fluctuations and diversity of bark and wood-boring beetles in lowland forest: implications for management practices. South African Forestry Journal 173: 9 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" title="Seasonal fluctuations and diversity of bark and wood-boring beetles in lowland forest: implications for management practices." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" volume="173" year="1995">Madoffe and Bakke 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in Central America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" author="Rangel, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1577 - 1588" refId="B323" refString="Rangel, R, Perez, M, Sanchez, S, Capello, S, 2012. Population fluctuation of Xyleborus ferrugineus and X. affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ecosystems of Tabasco, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 60: 1577 - 1588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" title="Population fluctuation of Xyleborus ferrugineus and X. affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ecosystems of Tabasco, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" volume="60" year="2012">Rangel et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Flight height preference in Amazonia is described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" author="Abreu, RLS" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 68" refId="B1" refString="Abreu, RLS, Fonseca, CRV, Guerrero, JCH, Paula, EVCM, 2001. Preferencia de voo de nove especies da familia Scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazonia Central. Acta Amazonica 31: 61 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" title="Preferencia de voo de nove especies da familia Scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazonia Central." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" volume="31" year="2001">Abreu et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Laboratory rearing techniques, and the occurrence of delayed dispersal and alloparental care are discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" author="Biedermann, PHW" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1096 - 1105" refId="B38" refString="Biedermann, PHW, Klepzig, KR, Taborsky, M, 2009. Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles: behavior and laboratory breeding success in three Xyleborine species. Environmental Entomology 38: 1096 - 1105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" title="Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles: behavior and laboratory breeding success in three Xyleborine species." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" volume="38" year="2009">Biedermann et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" author="Biedermann, PHW" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1753 - 1761" refId="B39" refString="Biedermann, PHW, Klepzig, KD, Taborsky, M, 2011. Costs of delayed dispersal and alloparental care in the fungus-cultivating ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Curculionidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65: 1753 - 1761, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" title="Costs of delayed dispersal and alloparental care in the fungus-cultivating ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" volume="65" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although its attacks are secondary, the species can be of economic importance due to its abundance and wide host range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470888" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 88" startId="F88">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 88.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.2-2.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, I</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. bidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. bidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3.4-3.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, J</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.8-3.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, K</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.5-3.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H, L</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |