238 lines
35 KiB
XML
238 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" ID-GBIF-Dataset="654566e8-947b-4dfe-8fbc-baea3d254fa8" ID-PMC="PMC6965333" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-901-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" ID-PubMed="31975782" ModsDocID="1313-2970-901-1" checkinTime="1578615027095" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Balkenohl, Michael" docDate="2020" docId="41ECB28877405AA8BBF06E3A05795857" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 901: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 901" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" docTitle="Salcedia miranda" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" masterDocTitle="A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732478763716" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3203AE343F59A19CF11FF6C49C765EEA">A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D49B481B9FE8F14750730F418C2E673D">Balkenohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9EE91002850822043BF89F99302635AC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="90D21CD289031E52B2EA4476BE90CC71">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="666BB87B2838A1945E49CAD03138B0BC">901</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="618C62345F4FF49A61C58084D08FBD10">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7590D6FEC533577038CA2B24C02305A0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A35566B1142E10C3038B174C4263AED5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E722F8B79866765B90EFE606FD3028C1" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-901-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F7629BA4278E49E7B601B0F9761DE1C6" type="ZooBank">843F6065-D00E-48E6-9A26-9CEB044BF102</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="41ECB28877405AA8BBF06E3A05795857" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161671759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41ECB28877405AA8BBF06E3A05795857" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41ECB28877405AA8BBF06E3A05795857" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scaritinae" scope_tribe="Salcediini">
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<subSubSection id="F08A94C2BC7877AB92744F15AB59E0FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1DB0CCD02B1AA8E40A0FEECB7C464548" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1C439BE68E8D472864030E24E7F26722" ID-CoL="6XC4B" LSID="41ECB288-7740-5AA8-BBF0-6E3A05795857" authority="(Andrewes, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia miranda" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">Salcedia miranda (Andrewes, 1920)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="D14F6EE417A4D9E62E1E9BFD53FBBDBD" captionStart="Figures 20–25" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 20 - 25. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 20 S. utetea sp. nov. 21 S. lukulua sp. nov. 22 S. robusta sp. nov. 23 S. tuberculata sp. nov. 24 S. miranda (Andrewes) 25 S. parallela Baehr." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures20-25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370610" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C64A4B786E2FEC29BA05A8A31239AC7C" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 36 S. procera sp. nov. 37 S. baroensis sp. nov. 38 S. utetea sp. nov. 39 S. lukulua sp. nov. 40 S. robusta sp. nov. 41 S. tuberculata sp. nov. 42 S. miranda (Andrewes) 43 S. parallela Baehr." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 42</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="549448BD2F8034DF269BA194B2920EB0" captionStart="Figures 44–51" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 51</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CD64E0F5516EF74855C1A721932C7597" captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 64 S. utetea sp. nov. 65 S. robusta sp. nov. 66 S. tuberculata sp. nov. 67 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370616" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 67</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A550E0C0421373975734C55943A85D52" captionStart="Figures 77–83" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 77 - 83. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX). n. 77 S. procera sp. nov. 78 S. baroensis sp. nov. 79 S. utetea sp. nov. 80 S. lukulua sp. nov. 81 S. robusta sp. nov. 82 S. miranda (Andrewes) 83 S. parallela Baehr." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures77-83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 82</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEF1BAE01463B4924E5675653F4E71EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CF4D4799748898CC899AEE2FE76FDDA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="03FDA1245DAA534189155AE886179640" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelma miranda" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">Zelma miranda</taxonomicName>
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Andrewes, 1920: 453:
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<bibRefCitation id="81F3BC521BE2150927D87DFC53D0D57A" author="Csiki, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly magazine, May" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Csiki, E, 1927. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1-553." title="Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1 - 553." year="1927">Csiki 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 546;
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<bibRefCitation id="B0141460191B647327A9EB038E560910" author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1929. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Carabidae (Vol. I), Carabinae. Taylor & Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Carabidae (Vol. I), Carabinae." year="1929">Andrewes 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 418;
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<bibRefCitation id="6389B18E2500E0D9EB07D3D71B7FE788" author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1930. Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18, Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta" title="Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18, Carabidae." year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 358.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37CB5F3D8EABC36B75C74A04EE22BF81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8914654B0668A95021EB71D646EDC6A2" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia miranda" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">Salcedia miranda</taxonomicName>
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(Andrewes, 1920):
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<bibRefCitation id="0EA281B986719F8B51F27EFAD01A208B" author="Alluaud, C" journalOrPublisher="Afra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="10 - 23" refId="B2" refString="Alluaud, C, 1930. Note sur les Scaritides de Madagascar. Afra 1: 10 - 23" title="Note sur les Scaritides de Madagascar." volume="1" year="1930">Alluaud 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 22;
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<bibRefCitation id="1CFAE6C255AACC2AF29E5995ACF5791E" author="Alluaud, C" journalOrPublisher="Afra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 20" refId="B4" refString="Alluaud, C, 1935. Note diverses. Localites nouvelles. Afra 9: 19 - 20" title="Note diverses. Localites nouvelles." volume="9" year="1935">Alluaud 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 19;
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<bibRefCitation id="5765E717F7436F87B9A8C2C7B0971B51" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655174" author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="The Annals and magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="54 - 65" refId="B8" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1936. Papers on Oriental Carabidae, 30. The Annals and magazine of Natural History 18 (10): 54 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655174" title="Papers on Oriental Carabidae, 30." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655174" volume="18" year="1936">Andrewes 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 64;
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<bibRefCitation id="0CB597DB40D4DD252E5E7F963F019745" author="Jeannel, R" journalOrPublisher="Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Jeannel, R, 1946. Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Paris" title="Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie)." year="1946">Jeannel 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 233.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C288F5773B6E3155E1099F864AAD7061" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="74A60B4848804DB4478EC9A4EA35B95E" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Zelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelma miranda" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">Zelma miranda</taxonomicName>
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Andrewes, 1920:
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<bibRefCitation id="9EED709A45EAB17E827B38D190F60F75" author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly magazine, May" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="125 - 127" refId="B18" refString="Britton, EB, 1947. A new species of Zelma (Col., Carabidae) from Africa. Entomologist's monthly magazine, May 1947: 125 - 127" title="A new species of Zelma (Col., Carabidae) from Africa." volume="1947" year="1947">Britton 1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 127.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ADC9252F2490C3602EC1218F93467E21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6D34FF48635BFA4CA3E72B73C55106C5" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia miranda" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">Salcedia miranda</taxonomicName>
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(Andrewes, 1920)
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<bibRefCitation id="39BF10FEACDAFCBB194103978235A758" author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 110" refId="B38" refString="Reichardt, H, 1975. The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini). Revista Brasileira Entomologia 19: 99 - 110" title="The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini)." volume="19" year="1975">Reichardt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 103;
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<bibRefCitation id="4D26BC670A9117A86929E28F9422A12B" author="Dostal, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 121" refId="B24" refString="Dostal, A, 1993. Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 45: 117 - 121" title="Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini)." volume="45" year="1993">Dostal 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 121;
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<bibRefCitation id="21BA6C4C461513DCDCE56E82028246AC" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B9" refString="Baehr, M, 1998. A new species of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire from Burma (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae). Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 578: 1 - 5" title="A new species of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire from Burma (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae)." volume="578" year="1998">Baehr 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="E8719E42FE3E98928982ECAA723E3F5C" author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera "Geadephaga": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition. Printed by the author, Tutzing" title="Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 155.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4F8B58E1A53F012A32B6FD42C8ADD60A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="0AD1CF902071F96F681BE0FCBDAFD8E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="309ABDFFBFCFA50813C4FF9FD0BACDE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="B91E14501845813DE559A5E992561D40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ♂, with labels and data: white, printed "Tharrawaddy Burma" / white, handwritten and printed "Zelma miranda Type Andr. H.E.Andrewes det." / red, black printed
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<normalizedToken id="2831A931F2DC631EA8C7CAFFFC32EA43" originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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/ white, black printed "figured specimen", backside black handwritten
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<normalizedToken id="390EA2D036495D14C31A122C4F61AB4E" originalValue="“F.B.I.”">"F.B.I."</normalizedToken>
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/ white, printed "H.E.Andrewes Coll. B.M.1945-97." (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2CCF91EE30F16AC8E01E0F2FF20DD32" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1B99DACD43B1FE9532CA15BC9C52FD22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="548645DFBD5CB5D5D44D73A6215DA865" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 ♀, with labels and data: beige, printed, black framed "Palon (Pegu) L.Fea VIII.IX.87" / "Mus. Civ. Genova" / white, printed "H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97." (BMNH); 1 ♀, with labels and data: beige, printed, black framed "Palon (Pegu) L. Fea VIII.IX.87" / "MUSEUM PARIS COLL. A. GROUVELLE 1917" / white, handwritten "Versim.: Salcedia miranda Andr." / beige, handwritten "nettoyage necessaire pour determ. precise. Alluaud 1934" (MNHN).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51D97A37AFBE35CCABC3A8EABD2ADAC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="9FBB45836A9051A2A6D4507170F54BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remark.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50437D38C66A64C43CC2688A8DE90662" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In the holotype there is an additional mounting card on the pin where the following parts are glued: one front and one hind leg, complete mentum with right paragena and pair of labial palpi, right glossa with right maxillary palpus. An additional drop of glue indicates there might have been another piece of the body which is obviously lost. The following parts are missing from the specimen: left front leg with tibia onwards, left intermediate tarsomeres, right mandible.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8D138EDEB8A3F58BD0C3C25B1DEB4179" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="541C018D874B8D54B6AFC221E332475B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C256FDC19872D89B84DF884A5AC8EED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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A large sized species, with sub-elongate outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with three additional carinae of which the inner lateral carina is distinctly shortened. The pseudohumerus is rectangular and with a non-projecting tooth. The antennomeres are oblong-elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the similar species
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<taxonomicName id="ADC3497FF72ED2513E0676ACFB7155EF" lsidName="S. parallela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parallela">
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<emphasis id="BB2C75AB5FDC775FAAEB15A7B841736E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. parallela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the pronotum with the lateral margin convex and with seven to nine distinct tubercles. Moreover, in
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<taxonomicName id="5683B3CE38398F7099A763BB3F3BEC83" lsidName="S. miranda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miranda">
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<emphasis id="3B8406748B42678518605AB24A815F91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. miranda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the intervals five and six of the elytron each have two rows of pits.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B124E2502FB9A49985034AF6A0792742" doi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures77-83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 77–83" startId="F17">
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<paragraph id="2D8C1A0513914D0ED04EF476BB9051B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="18FD40374DAAEDB2CC45F4CF58EC0CE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 77-83.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BFC7A8A64C4CD092FCC7EDBC85834482" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A850B9B9E4E2E8A4ADC8E7CA124A42D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX). n.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FC3EF7C4810D59D77EE099F217A9B50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">77</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D3CDF297747FE6B4AA13F20DE086785" lsidName="S. procera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="procera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E63E3F23026E0448548CEAA8688DC47E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. procera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="106A04D939C18DBC67F2B5BFDBA0E691" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">78</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9CBFD313F3D7F73515A5DB4382587A4" lsidName="S. baroensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baroensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAF869AD774C2B3824FBFE0EBCA1950" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. baroensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="64D72CF2F0AC8E4995B9E7ADF8E19A9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">79</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B717CA893C49409164E101AAB80EF001" lsidName="S. utetea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="utetea">
|
||
<emphasis id="438FFC41E107B77F21ECC6124F34E21B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. utetea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="2A4F364FF452ABEF74A48081CC521B03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74D99C5432806D6C638F148E72488D4F" lsidName="S. lukulua" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukulua">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFBED43116F1959D67DE489C5C5B189A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lukulua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="A4D029517664435414E9E3348D70C04C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">81</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8D6A19CAE3A5248C6511F7EE2FFB0B1" lsidName="S. robusta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D36A46148C983CC3BEAEB3E6541F3E20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="E7CEA5E8D0381190D5353452CD10328B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">82</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98ABE4EE31A35B7A7D73C46A886E981B" lsidName="S. miranda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="miranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="6213FA2274D28A6F75DA515DD32797D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. miranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Andrewes)
|
||
<emphasis id="66E9F7A25BE38B090B6D8D5A5AD7E5F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">83</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F799112D593FB20317C8056089A743" lsidName="S. parallela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF9C83B5F4810763A17C4081719279FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baehr.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C65EE2E754F2B99145594949C55D35BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="564DBB8F2E1FFBB553D355C0AA57744A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39F7FA2C74B048681CB1006A407CE016" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Measurements in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="89D0C7DBEA3CA3F6D5694F8DC64698EA" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; " term used " refers to the shape of the elytra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6300FAA2C97DC70E06EC6BFB73AD030C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6811CA61741440E63B55AFEDDA5C5440" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour and surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Piceous, shiny; top of supraorbital and supra-antennal plates, carinae on head, pronotum and elytra as well as margin of pronotum and elytra densely covered with beige-grey pili; legs fuscous, mandibles and first segments of antennae piceous, antennae brightened apically, palpi leoninous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF2F38E43547520A0E172C8487F5F3F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D2E92D8F7DA6E5F531C5AF1083B238F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Four-fifths of the pronotum width. Outline semi-circular. Clypeus wide, slightly convex anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by distinct notches and deep pit at each side, with raised semi-circular-shaped field at middle, separated from frons by deep transverse furrow. Frons with two raised paramedian carinae, carinae not joining anteriorly, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally to median carinae, with two shorter diverging carinae paralaterally at base; frons separated from supraorbital plates by deep broad furrows; with conspicuously broad pit at front-eye level; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates margined, margin raised, carina-like, supra-antennal plates vaulted. Base with angled emargination at middle (angle 100°), laterally right-angled (angle 90°). Eyes large, convex, genae higher as eyes, convex, both of them clearly visible from above, in lateral view shaped like a broad strip. Antenna with segments five to ten oblong-elongate (L/W 1.44), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with longitudinal reticulation. Labrum slightly convex anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, with slight rounded tooth at middle, epilobes wide, projecting, acutely angled anteriorly, margined apically, surface uneven, with irregular reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F74CFE8482366E690504DEA8F8A2919" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC392DEFE4E57716960DA5C14EDFD1AD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F0A8E346CF26F19C97C604CBB86BACF6" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 36 S. procera sp. nov. 37 S. baroensis sp. nov. 38 S. utetea sp. nov. 39 S. lukulua sp. nov. 40 S. robusta sp. nov. 41 S. tuberculata sp. nov. 42 S. miranda (Andrewes) 43 S. parallela Baehr." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42</figureCitation>
|
||
): Outline rectangular, transverse, a third wider than long. Lateral margin slightly convex, maximum width behind middle. Lateral margin crenulated, with nine to eleven small tubercles, with notch at each posterior angle. Base straight laterally, with obtuse keel at middle pointing posteriorly. Disc moderately convex in lateral view, with two raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line and diverging posteriorly, with median line narrow, long, and ending in pits anteriorly and posteriorly, with four additional shorter carinae bilaterally, the paralateral one joining with the paramedian carinae at base and forming tooth-like tubercle pointing posteriorly, extended anteriorly as less raised paralateral carina. With inner lateral carina short, not connected to long outer lateral carina. All carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin broadly wing-like bent up, with six large and deep transverse pits existing of partly connected circular pits, the frontal one partly situated directly at the frontal margin and separated from the second one by a striking ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94F207D1ECB68C24C08DCC6999091474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBAF0073E65EE31303AB37A4880B4095" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elytron</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9CFEB342089F51444ACB576FAE1EA50" captionStart="Figures 44–51" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51</figureCitation>
|
||
): Flattened in anterior half (lateral view), moderately convex in frontal view. Sub-elongate, margin slightly convex in anterior half up to pseudohumerus, moderately convex to apex, maximum width at middle, sub-tuberculate. Pseudohumerus rectangular, with tooth not projecting. Apex rounded, with small but acute tooth at suture. Disc with interneur six sub-tuberculate, interneur one with indistinct trace of carina at base, interneur three with indistinct carina in anterior two thirds, interneur two running towards apex as convex line, conspicuously raised, not reaching apex; interneur four running in parallel to interneur two, not reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits. Interneur five nearly not visible due to transversally connected pits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="187D8A7BFE62331EBBF966401AD966C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="00CA5078BF9393D4D928350D287C95D5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind wings:</emphasis>
|
||
Fully developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2280E28C2D3DA1A3C1FD382C0F38300D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="07336792F42EB527102A0C7C198757AE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower surface:</emphasis>
|
||
Antennal channel of pronotum with surface isodiametrically reticulated. Pseudoepipleura densely covered with beige-grey pili, with two rows of transversally connected pits, lateral margin of elytron smooth. Metepisternum elongate, with broad longitudinal groove. Metasternum, abdominal sternites one to five with numerous irregularly situated larger and smaller pits, sternites four to six sulcate, with band of small punctures at middle. Sternum six hollowed out concavely, with small blunt longitudinal carina at middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5A169C2A7F146E8AF7D1C1F93E201EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9B5D54E92B099861B757BD2F7DBC6F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Profemora with dorsal surface nearly smooth. Protibia with moderately long and curved terminal spine, laterally bidentate and with two strong setae towards base, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. First tarsomere distinctly elongated, nearly as long as tarsomeres two to five together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="695DC736DF55AF448FD6923CEE861CC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC2E9D35D3C80756871F5E45494E0C0A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
|
||
Not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A2E3A75DD821611420E7A0C9DF21C02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="688E2E2347A5E0EF3242D98718B64F03" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="633D115C4ED4AEAE05DA5D8BAAD76458" captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 64 S. utetea sp. nov. 65 S. robusta sp. nov. 66 S. tuberculata sp. nov. 67 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370616" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">67</figureCitation>
|
||
): Median lobe small, in dorsal view cracked in basal third and at middle, thickened and gently arcuate in apical half, in lateral view nearly straight, thickened in apical third, with nearly no pili, apex spatulate, in cross section with bilaterally flattened at apex. Oroficium half as long as median lobe. Endophallus with group of indistinct microtrichia, with cluster of few short small spines towards apex. Dorsal paramere slender, bisinuate apically, with hyaline apex, with apophyses distinctly asymmetric, ventral one indistinct, both parameres distorted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3A8A9F4CF87D3EC898BAE26F91E4AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE43415BE3CE545D9BB80C06412F43F1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B61AD5B92B4C9B273D30839CA96D07D" captionStart="Figures 77–83" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 77 - 83. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX). n. 77 S. procera sp. nov. 78 S. baroensis sp. nov. 79 S. utetea sp. nov. 80 S. lukulua sp. nov. 81 S. robusta sp. nov. 82 S. miranda (Andrewes) 83 S. parallela Baehr." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures77-83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">82</figureCitation>
|
||
): Coxostylus slender, somewhat broadened in basal half, nearly straight in apical third, directly at apex with indistinct hook, at end of basal third with one large and eight slender nematiform setae laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DEF01DC9C8184936DC72D4307232F2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F5BAC3399701FC3A15AD04C210138C0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
At the lateral margin of the pronotum the number of tubercles varies inter- and intra-individually from nine to eleven. In the holotype the basal margin of the head is more distinctly emarginated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999F23A779ACE5E633039C47246CCAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6AD3328ADD407895A978F00EBFFBA36A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5816BC0307CD43E9A3AB554A2B5430D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="62C59D3D66D4CB201533EDBE5AA63338" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Known from the type locality in Tharrawaddy, Burma (today Myanmar), and from Palon in Pegu (Myanmar). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A20EF728E8B46CE96E195E4231715868" author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Andrewes, HE, 1929. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Carabidae (Vol. I), Carabinae. Taylor & Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Carabidae (Vol. I), Carabinae." year="1929">Andrewes (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
another, fragmentary, specimen ("Ind. Mus.") was collected at light in the Eden Gardens in Calcutta, Bengal, India. This specimen could not be located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |