318 lines
37 KiB
XML
318 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="4934E6E79B6BA3B3957DD7A12F165D01" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188745" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfdb39e9-8c2f-4825-9435-2a562dcf6fd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188745" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461096618451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta, Mcevoy, Miles V., Dowling, Todd A., Abrahamson, Warren G. & Moore, Joseph G." docDate="2009" docId="074287C9FFC6E318FF01FD5B5F6C3F47" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02152p035.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2152" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhopalomyia clarkei Felt 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FB7BFFB1FFCFE312FF96FFE25A543D73" masterDocTitle="Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698589499081" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6C33E844FB8DEDA8CBE439A001EEF162">
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<mods:title id="39FA9295C346FAEA5A916169F35BD55B">Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="272153C30C3BB870FDD87163AC39C7B5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8EA4DDC8584F5603FB1CE78F7C93C1B5">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6F51C490682277F506BB15A673AB6A8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3639C217D9ED887AE14D556F8C3ED942">Mcevoy, Miles V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B8F9519BDA96A65D6C9C1C103EB1F680" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AFD6B10BC1B03BFE0C3FDCE5EF5B8FEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D240E69656F84B5150D59FF35C3D1AA">Dowling, Todd A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C97CA022FF593CDD6495FA38C48334CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A9F0966D61C69E9C8F1A58862FD4FEAD">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7DEF347A7BF3122AC6ADDA23928C1E92" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0A36A4707923FF9682D475629EBEFAA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="96B140BF0FFAAB913F13F6DFB2843F31">Moore, Joseph G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="476CCE0AE0A9035CDE80F4B86A64DB56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6EC9F007360985200FE4972BBEED1487">
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<mods:date id="E8A834F06CEC0A3757B164ACB5EEC9A9">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7364ECC91F7FBAA36A055B2F52B489FB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BD83D92B0E7DE22310DECBD7009CD387">2152</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4821904FFDA9AB5950A7995BB805208D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0DA1BBDCE237DD614F63A78DFBAE0B5A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188745</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F922D69459AEDF7AB63895723A083D17" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="919FA719E0618DAF295DCFFE9F4364A0" type="Zenodo-Dep">188745</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="074287C9FFC6E318FF01FD5B5F6C3F47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:074287C9FFC6E318FF01FD5B5F6C3F47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/074287C9FFC6E318FF01FD5B5F6C3F47" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC6E31BFF01FD5B58593FA1" box="[151,525,696,723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF01FD5B58593FA1" blockId="9.[151,525,696,723]" box="[151,525,696,723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D41C81B3FFC6E31BFF01FD5B58593FA1" bold="true" box="[151,525,696,723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFF01FD5B58593FA1" ID-CoL="78VX5" authority="Felt 1907" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,525,696,723]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF01FD5B58593FA1" bold="true" box="[151,525,696,723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF01FD5B5BC63FA0" bold="true" box="[151,402,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhopalomyia clarkei</emphasis>
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Felt 1907
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC6E31BFF01FCE05F4A39CC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF01FCE058493E6A" blockId="9.[151,541,770,793]" box="[151,541,770,793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AFFB11F1FFC6E31BFF01FCE058493E6A" box="[151,541,770,793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFF01FCE0584D3E6A" ID-CoL="78VX5" authority="Felt 1907c: 18" authorityName="Felt" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,537,770,793]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF01FCE05B213E6A" box="[151,373,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhopalomyia clarkei</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0E4A10CEFFC6E31BFEEAFCE0584D3E6A" author="Felt" box="[380,537,770,793]" page="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC6E31BFEEAFCE05BA53E6A" author="Felt" box="[380,497,770,793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1907 c) New species of Cecidomyiidae II. New York State Education Department, Albany, NY, 23 pp." type="book" year="1907" yearSuffix="c">Felt 1907c</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF01FCAB5F4A39CC" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Adult: Antenna with 17–19 flagellomeres in male,
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFC6E31BFC9CFCAB59223E10" box="[778,886,841,867]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
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female; necks of male flagellomeres III–VII 0.57–0.77 times as long as nodes, necks of female flagellomeres 0.19–0.23 times as long as nodes. Palpus 1-segmented, fusiform to triangular, tapered, setose and setulose. Wing length
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFC6E31BFBD5FC745E863EC3" box="[1091,1234,918,944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
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in male,
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFC6E31BFAD4FC745A913EA4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.5 mm</quantity>
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in female. Male terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC6E31BFDB6FC5F582F3EA4" box="[544,635,957,983]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 19" captionStartId="16.[151,270,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,189,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 19. Male terminalia (in dorsal view unless otherwise noted). 9. Rhopalomyia anthophila. 10. Rhopalomyia anthophila, left gonopod, ventral. 11. Rhopalomyia bulbula. 12. Rhopalomyia guttata. 13. Rhopalomyia capitata. 14. Rhopalomyia clarkei. 15. Rhopalomyia cruziana. 16. Rhopalomyia fusiformae. 17. Rhopalomyia hirtipes. 18. Rhopalomyia gina. 19. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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): gonocoxite bulbous, setose and setulose, with setose mediobasal lobe; gonocoxal apodeme anteriorly divided into two very short lobes; gonostylus wide, hardly narrowed toward apex, setose and setulose, with small, brush-like tooth; aedeagus narrow, truncate; hypoproct entire, truncate, setose and setulose; cerci separated by a triangular notch, setose and setulose. Female abdomen (Fig. 30): tergite 7 rectangular, weakly sclerotized along anterior and posterior margins, with two anterior trichoid sensilla, a group of setae posteriorly, and groups of setae mesolaterally; tergite 8 wide Y-shaped, arms about third length of shaft, each with anterior trichoid sensillum; ovipositor 6.3 times as long as tergite 7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC6E31BFF50FB2E58C13840" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF50FB2E58C13840" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Pupa (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC6E31BFE84FB2E5BF13995" box="[274,421,1228,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 47" captionStartId="22.[151,279,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,201,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[323,1264,194,1727]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 47. Pupal heads. 40. Rhopalomyia anthophila, ventral. 41. Rhopalomyia anthophila, lateral. 42. Rhopalomyia capitata, ventral. 43. Rhopalomyia capitata, lateral. 44. Rhopalomyia clarkei, ventral. 45. Rhopalomyia clarkei, lateral. 46. Rhopalomyia gina, ventral. 47. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188749/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 44–45</figureCitation>
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): Antennal bases developed into abruptly tapering horns, pointed anteriorly. Posterior margins of antennal bases rounded V-shaped in frontal view. Frons without projections, ridges or lateral projections, posterior edge widely rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC6E31BFF50FADD582F3BC5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF50FADD59D538F3" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF50FADD5BD7382A" bold="true" box="[198,387,1343,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC6E31BFF50FADD5B55382A" box="[198,257,1343,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFE04FAA258843829" authority="Felt." authorityName="Felt." box="[402,720,1344,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFE04FAA258DA382A" box="[402,654,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhopalomyia clarkei</emphasis>
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Felt.
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC6E31BFD48FAA259043829" box="[734,848,1344,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: female,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFC53FAA25E573829" box="[965,1027,1344,1370]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
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, NH, Tamworth,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFB77FAA25F073829" box="[1249,1363,1344,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1907-10-06">6/X/1907</date>
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, C.H. Clarke, ex
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFE80FA855B9638F3" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" box="[278,450,1382,1408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFE80FA855BD138F3" box="[278,389,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. rugosa</emphasis>
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, Felt
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</taxonomicName>
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# a1634, deposited in Felt Collection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF50FA6F58463BFC" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF50FA6F585B38D4" bold="true" box="[198,527,1421,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFD8FFA6F583938D4" box="[537,621,1421,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFDEDFA6F58ED38D4" box="[635,697,1421,1447]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
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, MA, Magnolia, unspecified date, C.H. Clarke, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFAB2FA6F5A9138BD" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFAB2FA6F5FC038D5" box="[1316,1428,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. rugosa</emphasis>
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, Felt
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</taxonomicName>
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# a1634, deposited in Felt Collection;
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFD18FA5658BF38BD" box="[654,747,1460,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFD61FA56593838BD" box="[759,876,1460,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFCEEFA56598338BD" box="[888,983,1460,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFC75FA565E7538BD" box="[995,1057,1460,1486]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
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, NY, Fall Creek and Freese Rd.,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFF01FA385B013887" box="[151,341,1498,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1987-08-08" valueMax="1987-08-19" valueMin="1987-08-08">8–19/VIII/1987</date>
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, M.V. McEvoy, ex
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFDA8FA3958FB3887" box="[574,687,1499,1524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFDA8FA3958FB3887" box="[574,687,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. rugosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFD56FA3859753887" box="[704,801,1498,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFCB8FA3859383887" box="[814,876,1498,1524]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
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, PA, Bucknell University Chillisquaque Creek Natural Area,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFEA8F9E35B9C3B68" box="[318,456,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2005-06-16">16/VI/2005</date>
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||
, N. Dorchin, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFD04F9E359563B69" box="[658,770,1537,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFD04F9E359563B69" box="[658,770,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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;
|
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC6E31BFC87F9E359D13B68" box="[785,901,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFC07F9E3599B3B68" box="[913,975,1537,1563]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
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, VA, Boyce,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFBFDF9E35E893B68" box="[1131,1245,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-10-08">8/X/2008</date>
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||
, M. Wise, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFA10F9E35B5E3B32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFA10F9E35B5E3B32" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC6E31BFE8AF9CA5BFF3B31" author="Felt" box="[284,427,1576,1602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1915) Appendix: A study of gall midges III. Pp. 127 - 288, 295 - 326 In: 30 th report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York 1914. New York State Museum Bulletin, 180: 7 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915">Felt (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that galls of this species were also collected by him from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFABAF9CA5B4F3B1B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFABAF9CA5B4F3B1B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solidago canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the name he used for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFDB8F9AD58E33B1B" box="[558,695,1615,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFDB8F9AD58E33B1B" box="[558,695,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in Asheville, NC on
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFC57F9AC5E183B1B" box="[961,1100,1614,1640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1906-09-29">29/IX/1906</date>
|
||
, as well as by T.D.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFAAEF9AC5F293B1B" box="[1336,1405,1614,1640]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jarvis</collectingCountry>
|
||
in Ontario,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC6E31BFF69F9975B033BFC" box="[255,343,1653,1679]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFE15F997585A3BFC" box="[387,526,1653,1679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1907-09-20">20/IX/1907</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E31BFF50F979582F3BC5" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" box="[198,635,1691,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF50F9795B423BC6" bold="true" box="[198,278,1691,1717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFE8BF97E5B8A3BC6" box="[285,478,1692,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFE8BF97E5B8A3BC6" box="[285,478,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFE7BF97E58203BC6" box="[493,628,1692,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFE7BF97E58203BC6" box="[493,628,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC6E318FF50F9205E293DAB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC6E318FF50F9205E293DAB" blockId="9.[151,1437,841,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,564]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF50F9205BCB3BAF" bold="true" box="[198,415,1730,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gall and biology:</emphasis>
|
||
The galls are small, conical and single-chambered, usually occurring on the lower side of leaves but occasionally on the upper side of leaves and on stems (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC6E31BFC29F90B5E1C3A70" box="[959,1096,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs.62–65</figureCitation>
|
||
). When on leaves, the gall is always attached to either a major or minor vein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC6E31BFD5CF8F2590E3A59" box="[714,858,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 62–64</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each gall contains a single white larva. Galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFF01F8D55B513A23" box="[151,261,1847,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFF01F8D55B513A23" box="[151,261,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 2.5–6.0 mm long and
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC6E31BFDADF8D4589C3A23" box="[571,712,1846,1872]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at widest part, tapering toward apex, green to yellowish green, and covered by short, whitish hairs. Very young galls are sometimes accompanied by a tuft of hair at their base, almost as long as the gall itself. The species is multivoltine and galls can be found from late May to early October. It is heavily parasitized and adults are extremely difficult to rear. In
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC6E31BFB17F8485A833A98" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-09" valueMax="2008-10-31" valueMin="2008-09-00">September and October 2008</date>
|
||
, similar galls were found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC6E31BFDA8F83359763A99" box="[574,802,2001,2026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC6E31BFDA8F83359763A99" box="[574,802,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solidago altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Boyce, Virginia by M. Wise (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC6E31BFB20F8335F473A98" box="[1206,1299,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only two females were reared from these galls, but based on their morphology and that of the galls, we concluded they belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FE9AFF5D5B2A3DAB" box="[268,382,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FE9AFF5D5B2A3DAB" box="[268,382,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, confirming Felt’s report (1915) of this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FC79FF5D5E223DAB" box="[1007,1142,191,216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FC79FF5D5E223DAB" box="[1007,1142,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC5E318FF50FF075F6C3F47" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC5E318FF50FF075F6C3F47" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FF50FF075B163D8C" bold="true" box="[198,322,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The tiny, inconspicuous galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FD71FF07590A3D8D" box="[743,862,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FD71FF07590A3D8D" box="[743,862,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were originally described only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FAA2FF075ABC3C56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FAA2FF075ABC3C56" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Solidago rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we found very similar galls on three other hosts:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FCF2FEEE59A43C56" box="[868,1008,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FCF2FEEE59A43C56" box="[868,1008,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC5E318FB96FEEE5E013C55" box="[1024,1109,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FBFBFEEE5EA03C56" box="[1133,1268,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FBFBFEEE5EA03C56" box="[1133,1268,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC5E318FA93FEEE5F083C55" box="[1285,1372,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FF01FED05B5F3C38" box="[151,267,306,331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FF01FED05B5F3C38" box="[151,267,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC5E318FE8AFED05B2D3C3F" box="[284,377,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
). We initially assumed that galls from all these hosts belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FB12FED05EA83C38" box="[1156,1276,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FB12FED05EA83C38" box="[1156,1276,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a recent molecular analysis (Dorchin
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FE6DFEBB586D3C01" box="[507,569,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, in prep.) indicate that the populations from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FBF2FEBB5EBB3C01" box="[1124,1263,345,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FBF2FEBB5EBB3C01" box="[1124,1263,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FABAFEBB5FC83C01" box="[1324,1436,345,370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FABAFEBB5FC83C01" box="[1324,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent distinct species, with the former being the closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FC74FE625E013CEA" box="[994,1109,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FC74FE625E013CEA" box="[994,1109,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Samples from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FA85FE625FCF3CEA" box="[1299,1435,384,409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FA85FE625FCF3CEA" box="[1299,1435,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not analyzed. The population from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FDE6FE4558A03CB3" box="[624,756,423,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FDE6FE4558A03CB3" box="[624,756,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is discussed below under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FBB5FE455EE13CB3" box="[1059,1205,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FBB5FE455EE13CB3" box="[1059,1205,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FB7AFE455F723CB3" box="[1260,1318,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. sp</emphasis>
|
||
., whereas the population from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FE34FE2F584E3C95" box="[418,538,461,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FE34FE2F584E3C95" box="[418,538,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described here as a new species –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FB97FE2F5E0B3C95" box="[1025,1119,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FB97FE2F5E0B3C95" box="[1025,1119,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. gina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FBE7FE2F5F2A3C95" box="[1137,1406,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FBE7FE2F5F2A3C95" box="[1137,1406,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhopalomyia clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FD84FE1658F73F7E" box="[530,675,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FD84FE1658F73F7E" box="[530,675,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC5E318FCE4FE1659933F7E" box="[882,967,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC5E318FCE4FE1659933F7E" box="[882,967,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. gina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having stouter male gonopods and in lacking a longitudinal groove along the antennal horns and lateral projections of the eyes in the pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |