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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20616" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24a3af2a-54f9-4077-afd3-7563950c5dbf" ID-PMC="PMC8866340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1086-84" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6EDA4E3E12955CA7BFCCF667BADB6B90" ID-PubMed="35221746" ID-ZooBank="89728BCE242A49369095E9B544F8B9F7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1086-84" checkinTime="1645053244411" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crespo, Luis C., Silva, Isamberto, Enguidanos, Alba, Cardoso, Pedro &amp; Arnedo, Miquel" docDate="2022" docId="3DAD31430A205828B491DA3E0127F7CE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1086: 84-135" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1086" docPubDate="2022-02-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015" docTitle="Hogna ingens" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="6EDA4E3E12955CA7BFCCF667BADB6B90" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="6EDA4E3E12955CA7BFCCF667BADB6B90" masterDocTitle="Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="84" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1732748348809" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F79180196665F062C26D5A9161B7B71B">Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A11D4C5C64A4DC131A3E4D6BECC4F81D">Crespo, Luis C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31BB74FF5BC8B0D3AC2C6C8343F0B930">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain &amp; Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="273DD628672454C57C6971C924E07934" type="email">luiscarloscrespo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1C9939317FCAD5D9F6097409F97BAF26">Silva, Isamberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="649179D70B0D807B625B4BE61313E958">Instituto das Florestas e Conservacao da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botanico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, Bom Sucesso, 9064 - 512, Funchal, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D77F675DB6AC0D63C7BD689AED2E4C7">Enguidanos, Alba</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="808E1E309291B2A13D66793AE0F6D703">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3356483F4A8AD5085B69DC735064BD28">Cardoso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0C6054F954D652CED5B5C0E58F954A6">Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C46E137A32B475219A89C44F4484CCD8">Arnedo, Miquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BEF0E25DB96BB5A0176145010738602">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F1691A94CBA34AFE2887DD52698C7EE7">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23029A607D2B769D5A4423B924BEF23D">1086</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BFE1B1718E7F608321F79F920CAF255F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="3DAD31430A205828B491DA3E0127F7CE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193383532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DAD31430A205828B491DA3E0127F7CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DAD31430A205828B491DA3E0127F7CE" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" scope_family="Lycosidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="595415D12B07778E9E7BBA338BF1B766" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1C7D45F5837949FF02A73817F541EBAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="476270FCFEE205219D2CFF76F0B23C73" ID-CoL="6M9S4" LSID="3DAD3143-0A20-5828-B491-DA3E0127F7CE" authority="(Blackwall, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Hogna ingens (Blackwall, 1857)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E71C83FF6AC5E218ADB94E08C110EFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="C14A10FC82EA36C72E54E423278E382F" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<figureCitation id="55DBFA8CE699078D9D1AC597BD5D59FD" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figures 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C124C7E8B87EC442E217B7C31F790CE3" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Photograph of H. ingens. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646993" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="50232BBA0346FD590CD66C6BD1DDAAE1" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of H. ingens. Black circles: present records; white triangle: unconfirmed record from literature." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646994" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">, 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A6B840EE7B6ABF6C95CBDE23AC98DAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FE309A940010F968B223BEC632A3F6E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="254D24C4106C18B04876AD85FE9C0802" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Lycosa ingens</taxonomicName>
Blackwall, 1857: 284 (Df).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792DB4001848ED6BDE04F1617AFCE892" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="A5FCF9C0261313BA74FE2DEA77A21D82" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Lycosa ingens</taxonomicName>
Blackwalli, 1867: 203 (Dm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98224BAEDC4438A4F43A1387ABF4B473" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="79BDE7FEEBECAC26ABD4584DC3141F7C" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochosa ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Trochosa ingens</taxonomicName>
Kulczynski, 1899: 423, pl. 9, fig. 121 (mf).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57AC64B445950031342A23E198986CA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="0CDEAD7277C63F288A41F25081CF7A7F" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Geolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geolycosa ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Geolycosa ingens</taxonomicName>
Roewer, 1955: 241.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DE697A180DE2A90E870EB895E141CED" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="03E29B66778892F67E427D0E7BE087CA" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Geolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geolycosa ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Geolycosa ingens</taxonomicName>
Roewer, 1960: 689, fig. 387e (f).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99A116D23D5106021732BCF4E95A3CBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="5EF11A082EF32E636F19273D7868848A" baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">Hogna ingens</taxonomicName>
Wunderlich, 1992: 459, fig. 720b, fig. 724a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="128E9FB2E53223E2C372EFDEF5C2A61F" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="types">
<paragraph id="3E4DB8F47E65857D16E31C5CAE80AE10" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5F36D2559D1F180034EBBAEA16341DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="7AED5B1E16115262EABC054264D273AB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Holotype</emphasis>
: no type materials from the Blackwall collection were found neither at the OUMNH nor the NHM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7C14CBB72977B218D27B0DC4F17030B" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="ADBCE12EC983737D4435BB4F46CE0FDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F100F3D332E26BC341250BF4BD1ED22" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="D356DE6C900B98A1102AFDA8C34D8967" accessionNumber="SMF21994" collectingDate="1967-03-26" collectingDateMax="2017-03-25" collectingDateMin="1967-03-26" collectorName="da Castanheira, L. Crespo" latitude="32.56685" location="Deserta Grande" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.53694" municipality="Vale da Castanheira" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-juvenile="4">
<location id="13BC7EED481B5955B741A9BC05ADF17B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DAD31430A205828B491DA3E0127F7CE:13BC7EED481B5955B741A9BC05ADF17B" latitude="32.56685" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.53694" municipality="Vale da Castanheira" name="Deserta Grande">Deserta Grande</location>
<collectingMunicipality id="BF00D01076AE698B13771CE4FF3722C2">
Vale
<collectorName id="1B42ACC61F42876DA4D720291F17892D">da Castanheira</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
(N),
<specimenCount id="F66AAE4FF1BFD70D191C9924E2DDF2F9" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<accessionNumber id="07B3EA57F8F7A7009A76243F485245A0" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF21994">SMF21994</accessionNumber>
),
<collectingDate id="C90AB3A6AAC8F71EEB684DEC192166BE" value="1967-03-26">26.III.1967</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCount id="C88EE6AE094E1C6CCEE47926A243B1E2" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(CRBALC0591) and
<specimenCount id="56C9E02879F0032ECB2EC563E446EEAF" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
(CRBALC0593, CRBALC0594, CRBALC0595, CRBALC0592),
<geoCoordinate id="50D1D17384E10E63FDB3484897677A9B" degrees="32.56685" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.56685">32.56685°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5867B1BB8CAB147EA403894E8D57DCCA" degrees="16.53694" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-16.53694">16.53694°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="10F49ECBE9BA9DC00C7831139A6BC6BA" value="2017-03-25">25.III.2017</collectingDate>
, hand collecting, leg.
<collectorName id="C906A706CCB802099EE0F159D6776FD7">L. Crespo</collectorName>
; (unknown location),
<specimenCount id="58F76B431FC2E5F1799AFF72CCBECE57" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MNHNP AR16186)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="66A8346CD993561556F19AF08F0FD871" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="AD159970DD66B79A8266EB4BA7D829C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="43FFC37EE17282E7F0891C0968D1B7E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D37E0A31778C5439ACB2EA7D5F08FB5C" baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="DEECB7D89CF77277DFD66425AA68B5FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female (CRBALC0591):
<emphasis id="BA3A804768981ADC07883CC674D35AB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">A</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral
<emphasis id="9C12F5B20B6B5BEFE53EA8B6486D33F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">B</emphasis>
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars:
<quantity id="32736F738D76F5F0DEA76CCF6E5EFA74" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01307254336CD242EA7E5EBFF546B688" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="20D951391E6FCB71EE9BAF3DAD875793" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB65F6B998ED463E20DD1BA1672D74C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="F28071105F5F8C6F375DEB021A09B4E3" baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="4D3BEFC428C9A0E576EE9BD45329C80D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be diagnosed from all other Madeiran
<taxonomicName id="50BC15B56D08BB155CCE1B45B87A496F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D24A7E1E195671C1DEBB27910A55E8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the aspect of its legs, blackish with white patches (Figs
<figureCitation id="5A1C897487E81DDCDA17E6EC788FC944" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Photograph of H. ingens. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646993" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5D30D4B70FA663FF38342E35546A7026" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Plate with photographs of the lateral view of the leg I for easily diagnosable species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/647006" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">26C</figureCitation>
), and additionally by its genitalia. In males, according to literature, by the inclined palea shield (
<bibRefCitation id="0E6DB502245C6B56F74DF8C16CC841F0" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 619" refId="B76" refString="Wunderlich, J, 1992. Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln: Taxonomie, Oekologie, Biogeographie und Evolution. Beitraege zur Araneologie 1: 1 - 619" title="Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln: Taxonomie, Oekologie, Biogeographie und Evolution." volume="1" year="1992">Wunderlich 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 596, fig. 720f). In females, by short epigynal anterior pockets, with lateral borders divergent and anteriorly swollen median septum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F716CA6C4308740B36C7DF81E9671863" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="466CACB2A3809303A731DAB26D0B8B7B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646993" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="74E6752CDDBCEDCC316568683AB939A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="5107BA9DF01899C491C7E619B345C3F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="D16ACD5730A543D38CCA1F08F15CCE15" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="5E188A5425AE613CC9D3D03EC9715214" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female specimen in the field. Photograph credit Pedro Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="782459AF865500CC2F98242FE450896F" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="F6FFC10219997CA0F47F228898951688" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B09164AB4788A20ABA5E7D05428A2411" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="3498D3919A9696ECDCA1537C8AABFDA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Male</emphasis>
: We could not examine any male specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B6D59EB74CE9C37F173A2E2B40F484C" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="7A0482796C374EDC9E1C9CF51DDDEC52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="27DC2309ECECF6894E8BC31F619B986D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">CRBALC0591</emphasis>
): (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1B5BE4D487B6EECB898AF39EDF2FDAB2" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12</figureCitation>
). Total length 25.1; carapace: 14.8 long, 11.0 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D3D0076AA1F70797B87936F01BA58A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B81554905B49227FF9F2229B0AACA51C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Colour</emphasis>
: carapace greyish brown, densely covered with short black setae, with a cream longitudinal band present from fovea to posterior margin of carapace; with two faint light grey marginal bands suffused with black patches, covered with white setae; four striae well visible on each flank. Chelicerae black except apically, reddish brown, covered in black setae. Gnathocoxae and labium overall orange-brown, densely covered with black setae; sternum greyish brown, densely covered with black setae. Legs greyish, with a variable number (6-8) of lightly coloured patches covered by white setae. Pedipalps greyish, densely covered in black setae. Abdomen densely covered in black setae, with only four very small white patches dorsally and a small anterolateral band of white setae; venter densely covered in black setae, with only two faint median bands of small white patches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB0312CE0EFF25D66A24339CC25B9203" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="82E7F9CA2FC2312F4AD186237EB91F41" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Eyes</emphasis>
: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.2 LMP, MW = 1.1 AW; Cl = 0.5 DAME. Anterior eye row slightly procurved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94F847E0B81A5315C0591FC443B61632" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="CD141F7D0F1FB4B99FF7C066DB443548" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Legs</emphasis>
: Measurements: Leg I: 37.7, TiI: 8.9; Leg IV: 35.9, TiIV: 8.4; TiIL/D: 2.3. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.0, p0.0.2; TiI: p0.0.0, v2s.2s.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2s.2s.1s. MtI an TiI with dense scopulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA1F536EEFDA6392F5EDEE6E9B7658EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="EC21AAB4FE97F10DA9D08D924FEDED94" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Epigyne</emphasis>
: anterior pockets far apart, short, with lateral borders anteriorly convergent, then becoming divergent (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6BF0971CCEBE3D0EACA8263DDD814C41" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12A</figureCitation>
); anterior pocket cavities shallow; median septum anteriorly swollen, with wide posterior transverse part (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D33BC62FDD580FB50215DDA2FC057DBF" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12A</figureCitation>
); spermathecae moderately swollen (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F998658AF2EFC6C4A72A3C2CF7CAD909" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12B</figureCitation>
); copulatory ducts basally with a laterally projected bulbus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CAA8B8FF0DB9476E2212FE044C75CB33" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12B</figureCitation>
); fertilisation ducts emerging at the base of copulatory duct (Fig.
<figureCitation id="70A6D8976CA502695A100F42EE6A3912" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Hogna ingens female (CRBALC 0591): A epigyne, ventral B vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646992" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="510F6B1A9F4E5C5AAA1E04EDE186E229" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6BB0B81C864DBD97659BA1E319D50707" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E575432B57AAFEDC7D95E7DEF428886A" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
This species is known only from Vale da Castanheira, a 1 km2 valley in the north end of Deserta Grande (Fig.
<figureCitation id="84C608E9B18041CE758A5000AEAD6182" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of H. ingens. Black circles: present records; white triangle: unconfirmed record from literature." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646994" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D569E7BA9A596F55A0E0889D74912304" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646994" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="294F061242FE85571EA809876BE2752A" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B3A1A3573468D611316542679FB2FEAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="19172C3D2CE0DCF2FFF48B5E43CABCF9" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="9F023C5300F18D6F76602EC5014B508A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Black circles: present records; white triangle: unconfirmed record from literature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00BCE15AF798B9B9BE23D60E16F3955D" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="E81CCC529C2696366233A807945DACF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FABEFB92FB2419ACBC079680784B2E27" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Vale da Castanheira is a semi-arid grassland area.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1277189CC97A09D234E88DCD1F75BB48" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="AE033ED5115AF36A5DBA6937F661E11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CE0A3E3173FC45062DD3AA27DC800AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="6F70376CE20ABFD1B71C0A278CEF36B3" baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hogna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hogna ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="C2AE963A597BBC88793CE6C74517863F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Hogna ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was declared Critically Endangered in previous works (
<bibRefCitation id="6CCCB0E25A39650BFA120DA174F743AD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T58048571A58061007.en" author="Cardoso, P" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" refId="B20" refString="Cardoso, P, 2014. Hogna ingens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T58048571A58061007.en" title="Hogna ingens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T58048571A58061007.en" year="2014">Cardoso 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C2CDA43C18E1512C6344A7FC2804353D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.005" author="Crespo, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal for Nature Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" pagination="516 - 524" refId="B25" refString="Crespo, L, Silva, I, Borges, P, Cardoso, P, 2014b. Assessing the conservation status of the strict endemic Desertas wolf spider, Hogna ingens (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal for Nature Conservation 22: 516 - 524, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.005" title="Assessing the conservation status of the strict endemic Desertas wolf spider, Hogna ingens (Araneae, Lycosidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.005" volume="22" year="2014 b">Crespo et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
). Its restricted habitat has been subject to biological invasions since humans set foot in Deserta Grande, with the introduction of herbivore vertebrates and, more recently, of the herb
<taxonomicName id="9BD434C298D09B825A878C7463E26EFB" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phalaris" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phalaris aquatica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="3F52874D5E9D93360A2303D0FD07F0F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">Phalaris aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., which grows abundantly throughout the valley, limiting the access of
<taxonomicName id="F0C489139EE0ABC6E8AC4AED0FDF6235" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. ingens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingens">
<emphasis id="7E39DDE1BC87F957C11D7E3609695285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">H. ingens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to shelter below rocks and fissures and displacing native flora. A recovery program of the
<normalizedToken id="2DC81E65C79BBC8E9CC67CB943E8DB92" originalValue="valleys">valley's</normalizedToken>
vegetation is being conducted, and recent data indicates the spider population is increasing. An ex-situ breeding program is currently being conducted by the Bristol Zoo to safekeep populational levels.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>