270 lines
39 KiB
XML
270 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="2577F65E5664865D057A6337882D58D9" ID-CLB-Dataset="3748" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a17" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f355bf4-4e90-4db3-af0e-c04f11ceb309" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628435" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0BAA274-37CB-407B-849A-FD284BBE954B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635541439614" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Augé, Marc Louis, Dion, Michaël & Phélizon, Alain" docDate="2021" docId="0F23E968FF83FF9BFED3793ED1A6FC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.17.645-661.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (17)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Scincoidea Oppel 1811" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="649" masterDocId="F31A9110FF87FF9DFFBA7E5DD435FF94" masterDocTitle="The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP 6)" masterLastPageNumber="661" masterPageNumber="645" pageNumber="647" updateTime="1699467898079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8E26D312E0A4D0702C5A0792360340A1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="405A1711F137598B9537B5C2D4E7743D">
|
||
<mods:title id="5351BB61043FA7BC9CCB775DBB5036C4">The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP 6)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D5EC77C8914E8FF3B4FCAF2FAFD8EB2F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="52C7E3AEB2BC0AD2F9985BD8ACEC4526">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A1A63D246A30656F5281C13C85F34B6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CEF09C9C6DEC473E7614CEE0409BCDBA">Augé, Marc Louis</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7833D53B8ABB4186D8FA66D4D9429F14">Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6, Sorbonne Université), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, case postale 38, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1AFBA2D98E8100055AC8DDBD55A83CE2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="797910015FCCBDBE4903AA157D648A54">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="66C82F975EF7540824773DD04BC3EEDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="02B95EFD6DA815576EFA72E2330F75CB">Dion, Michaël</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="AB8646C701C4A85FAA03C8589567845C">1 chemin du Cochelet, F- 02220 Mont Saint Martin (France)</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B1D6B95F792C437F98B6EB146B9A5AA6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="29E660387BC6FBA4CA3DAA45EEC4DB63">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0AC6E15E99BF54FC6BA585393D870569">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2AFFC8847BF7E739628C7523622E2144">Phélizon, Alain</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="901B07EFED08B241BC4C72E6D313E46D">Société d’Étude des Sciences naturelles de Reims, 122 bis rue du Barbâtre, F- 51100 Reims (France)</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F4CC56CCB966B3778F867E15830CB2DD" type="email">alain.phelizon@orange.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="5FBF0BD3E56C6707882C97A0DBC8B71C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="23545452007623DE786837ED884FC006" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A4C4D0F36C46AC45730E4557CA18B2D3">
|
||
<mods:title id="D772B2DF485AE02C266C754A2F6BE733">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6F686D1250F039B168AB4F77E5F7F27E">
|
||
<mods:date id="6C48EEFF69DE9F73290CBFD990D73E4B">2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C42E26D8BD8523A743C0418B7D7745EE" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A4493B17506E7A1B0822319E4F087DB3">2021-09-09</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F3278428AA6F4A879B85C676BC72B5D6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7EF8D042BE6007DEC4F37D58C9004289">43</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8856E4D389B4A08B18828D3BF42E518A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="283B8211FD8A2EB5EB1712F639509D1B">17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="66426696A307CB0DF1CE38645C061B66" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B25EF212150FC7B6F24A8D21EAA7608A">645</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="DB9F0F77D9A3E44473B124ED941F28F2">661</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8BB000375D817EEFF21BD4DAEAE8E8A5">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C5277B6AD4DF6270B0A715D4731A4BB4" type="CLB-Dataset">3748</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E0CF55038C359328E88AA82CE5BA4AF8" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a17</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0C908A54C4936980BDCB112EE7C7D7BA" type="GBIF-Dataset">9f355bf4-4e90-4db3-af0e-c04f11ceb309</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5C8E229B8EE95AA8147D70F00FA4280D" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="15A9CB5A3A370C291BA3FBDCF7E65CD6" type="Zenodo-Dep">5628435</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F682799DD0A4B1E2252198AB4AAA91E4" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0BAA274-37CB-407B-849A-FD284BBE954B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0F23E968FF83FF9BFED3793ED1A6FC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189796624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5636443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F23E968FF83FF9BFED3793ED1A6FC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F23E968FF83FF9BFED3793ED1A6FC9B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF83FF99FED3793ED616F8E9" box="[361,547,1891,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF83FF99FED3793ED616F8E9" blockId="4.[361,547,1891,1917]" box="[361,547,1891,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF83FF99FED3793ED5E9F8E9" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[361,476,1891,1917]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
indet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF83FF99FF3E79C3D73DF87F" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF83FF99FF3E79C3D73DF87F" blockId="4.[130,776,1950,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="37E25223FF83FF99FE2A79C3D73DF87F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396082303" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
Two incomplete dentaries: Dentary,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF83FF99FF3C79E5D4E2F844" box="[134,215,1976,2000]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF83FF99FF6079E5D4DDF844" box="[218,232,1976,2000]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
.MTC245 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FB144FBFF83FF99FEE979E5D5B2F844" box="[339,391,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[215,226,1690,1707]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-174@4.[698,1267,757,1302]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete right dentary, MNHN.F.MTC245: A, lingual view; B, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), bears four tooth loci (the most posterior teeth); Dentary,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF83FF99FE9A798ED547F87F" box="[288,370,2003,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF83FF99FECF798ED5B1F87F" box="[373,388,2003,2027]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
.MTC244 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FB144FBFF83FF99FE4D798ED618F87F" box="[503,557,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[221,232,1510,1527]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-267@5.[698,1267,751,1290]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC244 A, labial view; B, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628441/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), bears four tooth loci.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF83FF98FC97788FD17BF8D8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF83FF99FC97788FD788F97E" blockId="4.[812,1457,1746,2028]" box="[813,957,1746,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF83FF99FC9778AED0FCF898" blockId="4.[812,1457,1746,2028]" box="[813,1225,1778,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF83FF99FC9778AED0FCF898" box="[813,1225,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
Dentaries, MNHN.F.MTC245 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FB144FBFF83FF99FB3978AED0F5F898" box="[1155,1216,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[215,226,1690,1707]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-174@4.[698,1267,757,1302]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete right dentary, MNHN.F.MTC245: A, lingual view; B, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628439/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF83FF98FC97794FD58FF83F" blockId="4.[812,1457,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[130,777,1586,2028]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">
|
||
This robust, right dentary (L =
|
||
<quantity id="4072F59BFF83FF99FB31794FD0E9F8B8" box="[1163,1244,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7mm</quantity>
|
||
) is strongly arched (concave), its posterior part is deep and it distinctly narrows towards the anterior margin. This specimen preserves three incomplete teeth. On the lingual side the subdental shelf (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF83FF99FC8C79CFD75FF83F" box="[822,874,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="647">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF83FF99FCCB79CFD076F83F" author="RAGE J. - C. & AUGE M." box="[881,1091,1937,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="647" pagination="253 - 268" refId="ref12844" refString="RAGE J. - C. & AUGE M. 2010. - Squamate reptiles from the middle Eocene of Lissieu (France). A landmark in the middle Eocene of Europe. Geobios 43: 253 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2009.08.002" type="journal article" year="2010">Rage & Augé 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is eroded except in the posterior part of the dentary, where it is sub-vertical and meets the dental table nearly at a right angle. It is difficult to assess the presence of a medial sulcus dentalis along the tooth bases, due to the poor preservation of the subdental shelf. A large posterodorsal process extends behind the level of the last tooth and presents a deep, inclined surface which certainly received the anteromedial dentary process of the coronoide. On that surface, a circular cavity located behind the level of the last tooth may mark the position of the anterior end of this process. Posteriorly, the sulcus Meckeli is widely open medially and it gradually narrows towards the anterior end of the specimen. Under the dental table, there is an intramandibular septum, between the level of the last-penultimate tooth positions. It shows no vertical projection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D3F508F6FF82FF98FF677BBBD0CFFA63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628441" box="[221,1274,1510,1527]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628441/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" startId="5.[221,232,1510,1527]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1467]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF82FF98FF677BBBD0CFFA63" blockId="5.[221,1274,1510,1527]" box="[221,1274,1510,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">
|
||
FIG. 3. — Indeterminate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF82FF98FE1F7BBBD630FA63" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[421,517,1510,1527]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC244
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF82FF98FCCA7BBBD748FA63" bold="true" box="[880,893,1510,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">A</emphasis>
|
||
, labial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF82FF98FC527BBBD7C0FA63" bold="true" box="[1000,1013,1510,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">B</emphasis>
|
||
, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF82FF98FF2179EFD7F4F9F8" blockId="5.[130,777,1586,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[811,1456,1586,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">In lateral view, no labial foramens are exposed. Posteriorly, there is a well-developed labial coronoid process, which bears no trace of contact with an anterolabial dentary process of the coronoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF82FF98FCF9782FD17BF8D8" blockId="5.[811,1456,1586,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">Dentition: The three incompletely preserved teeth are pleurodont and robust (amblyodont). They gradually taper towards the apex, the tooth base is enlarged and medially expanded. Two tooth bases are pierced by a large, central replacement cavity and cement deposits around the tooth bases are poorly developed. Apices are broken in all teeth, except perhaps for the last one which seems to bear a rounded crown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF82FF98FC97792FD0F5F818" box="[813,1216,1905,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF82FF98FC97792FD0F5F818" blockId="5.[813,1216,1905,1932]" box="[813,1216,1905,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<heading id="DC7DEF12FF82FF98FC97792FD0F5F818" box="[813,1216,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF82FF98FC97792FD0F5F818" box="[813,1216,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">
|
||
Specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF82FF98FC2E792CD7DFF81F" box="[916,1002,1905,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="E19BC0BBFF82FF98FC57792CD035F81F" box="[1005,1024,1905,1931]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
.MTC244 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FB144FBFF82FF98FBC0792FD082F81F" box="[1146,1207,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[221,232,1510,1527]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-267@5.[698,1267,751,1290]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC244 A, labial view; B, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5628441/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF82FF9BFC9779CCD733FE65" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF82FF98FC9779CCD184F87F" blockId="5.[813,1457,1937,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="648">
|
||
Incomplete left dentary (L =
|
||
<quantity id="4072F59BFF82FF98FBCA79CCD0F4F838" box="[1136,1217,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="648" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1mm</quantity>
|
||
) that bears five tooth positions, and two teeth partially preserved. The morphology of dentary MNHN.F.MTC244 is nearly identical to that of
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF3E7E8AD733FEE5" blockId="6.[130,777,215,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">specimen MTC245 (described above). The subdental shelf is arched, vertical and moderately deep and it meets the dental table nearly at a right angle.A sulcus dentalis is present.The teeth are better preserved than those of specimen MTC245 and their apex is obtusely pointed and bears neither cusps nor striations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF217F2AD733FE65" blockId="6.[130,777,215,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
The labial surface of the two dentaries bears important marks of alteration, certainly caused by digestive process (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFD137FCBD489FE45" author="ANDREWS P." pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref7930" refString="ANDREWS P. 1990. - Owls, Caves and Fossils. Predation, Preservation and Accumulation of small Mammal Bones in Caves, with an Analysis of the Pleistocene Cave Faunas from Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset, UK. Natural History Museum Publications, London, 231 p." type="book" year="1990">Andrews 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is worth noting that these processes could be at least partially behind the lack of striations on the teeth (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CF900BF5FF81FF9BFF3E7C4BD1A6FC9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF3E7C4BD5E2FDBB" blockId="6.[130,778,534,2028]" box="[132,471,534,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">COMPARISONS AND DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF3E7C6BD732FB3A" blockId="6.[130,778,534,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
On account of the fragmentary nature of these specimens their taxonomic position is difficult to evaluate. In addition, no clear diagnostic features or synapomorphies are present in those dentaries. However, there are some features which, in combination may suggest scincoid relationships:pleurodont dentition, subdental shelf well developed, sub-vertical and forming a nearly right angle with the surface of the dental table, presence of a sulcus dentalis.At this point, it may be objected that those characters are also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFEA07D68D5A7FCDB" authorityName="Camp" authorityYear="1923" box="[282,402,821,847]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Lacertoidea">Lacertoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and particularly in lacertid lizards). However the first dentary (specimen MNHN.F.MTC245) differs significantly from that of most fossil and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFDCB7D28D6DCFC1B" authorityName="Camp" authorityYear="1923" box="[625,745,885,911]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Lacertoidea">Lacertoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in two characters: 1) in lingual view, the presence of a large posterodorsal extension behind the subdental shelf that received the anteromedial dentary process of the coronoid; and 2) in labial view, the dentary has an upwardly directed coronoid process that prevents the extension of the coronoid onto the labial surface of the dentary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFEB37A68D587FBDB" author="DAZA J. D. & BAUER A. M. & SAND C. & LILLEY I. & WAKE T. A. & VALENTIN F." box="[265,434,1076,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="531 - 557" refId="ref9495" refString="DAZA J. D., BAUER A. M., SAND C., LILLEY I., WAKE T. A. & VALENTIN F. 2015. - Reptile remains from Tiga (Tokanod), Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. Pacific Science 69 (4): 531 - 557. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 69.4.8" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Daza
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFEFF7A68D543FBDA" box="[325,374,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lacertid and teiid lizards this process is reduced and the anterolateral dentary process of the coronoid is expanded anteriorly and covers the posterodorsal part of the dentary, generally leaving a clear mark on it (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFD3D7AC9D6C2FB3B" author="AUGE M." box="[647,759,1172,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref8109" refString="AUGE M. 2005. - Evolution des lezards du Paleogene en Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 369 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 192)." type="book" year="2005">Augé 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF217AE9D73FFA39" blockId="6.[130,778,534,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
Presence of a mesial and distal crest or of a single longitudinal crest on the tooth crown are certainly primitive within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFD237A89D733FB7A" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[665,774,1236,1262]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF377AA9D538FA9A" author="KOSMA R." box="[141,269,1268,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref11802" refString="KOSMA R. 2004. - The dentitions of Recent and Fossil Scincomorphan Lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata) - Systematics, Functional Morphology, Paleoecology. PhD dissertation, Hannover Germany, University of Hannover, 188 p." type="book" year="2004">Kosma 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFEA27AAED5A8FA9A" author="RICHTER A." box="[280,413,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref12899" refString="RICHTER A. 1994. - Lacertilia aus der Unter-Kreide von Una und Galve (Spanien) und Anoual (Marokko). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E 14: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFE127AAED5E8FA9A" author="RICHTER A." box="[424,477,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="35 - 38" refId="ref12932" refString="RICHTER A. 1995. - The Vertebrate Locality Maramena (Macedonia, Greece) at the Turolian-Ruscinian Boundary (Neogene). 3. Lacertilia (Squamata, Reptilia). Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A) 28: 35 - 38." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFE527AAED687FA9A" author="GEORGALIS G. & VILLA A. & DELFINO M." box="[488,690,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="730 - 742" refId="ref10507" refString="GEORGALIS G., VILLA A. & DELFINO M. 2017. - Fossil lizards and snakes from Ano Metochi - A diverse squamate fauna from the latest Miocene of northern Greece. Historical Biology 29 (6): 730 - 742. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2016.1234619" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Georgalis
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFDF67AA9D64FFA99" box="[588,634,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accessory cusps on the mesial and distal crests are virtually unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFF267B6ED53FFAD9" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[156,266,1331,1357]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and skinks tend to have blunt, chisel-shaped tooth crowns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF617B0ED5E0FAF9" author="SMITH K. T. & GAUTHIER J. A." box="[219,469,1363,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="135 - 230" refId="ref13306" refString="SMITH K. T. & GAUTHIER J. A. 2013. - Early Eocene Lizards of the Wasatch Formation near Bitter Creek, Wyoming: Diversity and Paleoenvironment during an Interval of Global Warming. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 54 (2): 135 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.3374 / 014.054.0205" type="journal article" year="2013">Smith & Gauthier 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFE5B7B09D6B2FAFA" author="DAZA J. D. & BAUER A. M. & SAND C. & LILLEY I. & WAKE T. A. & VALENTIN F." box="[481,647,1363,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="531 - 557" refId="ref9495" refString="DAZA J. D., BAUER A. M., SAND C., LILLEY I., WAKE T. A. & VALENTIN F. 2015. - Reptile remains from Tiga (Tokanod), Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. Pacific Science 69 (4): 531 - 557. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 69.4.8" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Daza
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFDA67B09D678FAF9" box="[540,589,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while most lacertids have acute cusps; absence of cusps in the dentaries from Montchenot tend to exclude them from lacertoid lizards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF207BEED563F81F" blockId="6.[130,778,534,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
Absence of striae on the tooth crowns and obtusely pointed teeth without longitudinal crest (in dentary MNHN.F.MTC244) are clearly characters that come into conflict with the generalized scincoid dentition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFEC0784FD637F9B9" author="RICHTER A." box="[378,514,1554,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref12899" refString="RICHTER A. 1994. - Lacertilia aus der Unter-Kreide von Una und Galve (Spanien) und Anoual (Marokko). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E 14: 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1994">Richter 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFDB4784FD6A0F9B9" author="BOHME M." box="[526,661,1554,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref8879" refString="BOHME M. 2010. - Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and paleoclimate. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 84: 3 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 010 - 0050 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">Böhme 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or scincid grade
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFF78786ED4C1F9D8" box="[194,244,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF43786ED591F9D9" author="KOSMA R." box="[249,420,1586,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref11802" refString="KOSMA R. 2004. - The dentitions of Recent and Fossil Scincomorphan Lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata) - Systematics, Functional Morphology, Paleoecology. PhD dissertation, Hannover Germany, University of Hannover, 188 p." type="book" year="2004">Kosma (2004:5)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Once again, absence of striae may be du to the poor preservation of these teeth. However, a great number of forms, notably among scincids, depart from this tooth pattern and bear specialized dentitions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFDEF78CED48CF958" author="ESTES R. & WILLIAMS E." pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="96 - 107" refId="ref9704" refString="ESTES R. & WILLIAMS E. 1984. - Ontogenetic variations in the molariform teeth of lizards. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4 (1): 96 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1984.100 11989" type="journal article" year="1984">Estes & Williams 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF7378EED57BF958" author="KOSMA R." box="[201,334,1714,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref11802" refString="KOSMA R. 2004. - The dentitions of Recent and Fossil Scincomorphan Lizards (Lacertilia, Squamata) - Systematics, Functional Morphology, Paleoecology. PhD dissertation, Hannover Germany, University of Hannover, 188 p." type="book" year="2004">Kosma 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFEE778EFD5FAF959" author="AUGE M." box="[349,463,1714,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref8109" refString="AUGE M. 2005. - Evolution des lezards du Paleogene en Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 369 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 192)." type="book" year="2005">Augé 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFE6478EFD696F958" author="NYDAM R. L. & ROWE T. B. & CIFELLI R. L." box="[478,675,1714,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="1081 - 1099" refId="ref12455" refString="NYDAM R. L., ROWE T. B. & CIFELLI R. L. 2013. - Lizards and snakes of the Terlingua local fauna (Late Campanian), Aguja formation, Texas, with comments on the distribution of paracontemporaneous squamates throughout the Western Interior of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1081 - 1099. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2013.760467" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Nydam
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFD8E78EED652F958" box="[564,615,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFD0B78EFD4C7F978" author="BOLET A. & AUGE M." pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="505 - 515" refId="ref8681" refString="BOLET A. & AUGE M. 2014. - A new miniaturized lizard from the Late Eocene of France and Spain. The Anatomical Record 297: 505 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 22855" type="journal article" year="2014">Bolet & Augé 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).In addition, this scincid-grade of tooth morphology is also present in some non-scincid taxa, such as some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFF18794FD543F8B8" box="[162,374,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gymnophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFE16794FD61EF8B8" box="[428,555,1810,1836]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gekkonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFD80794FD735F8B8" author="NYDAM R. L. & ROWE T. B. & CIFELLI R. L." box="[570,768,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="1081 - 1099" refId="ref12455" refString="NYDAM R. L., ROWE T. B. & CIFELLI R. L. 2013. - Lizards and snakes of the Terlingua local fauna (Late Campanian), Aguja formation, Texas, with comments on the distribution of paracontemporaneous squamates throughout the Western Interior of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1081 - 1099. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2013.760467" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Nydam
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFD2A794FD6F6F8B8" box="[656,707,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF3E796CD5B8F8D8" author="SUMIDA S. S. & MURPHY R. W." box="[132,397,1841,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="2886 - 2892" refId="ref13640" refString="SUMIDA S. S. & MURPHY R. W. 1987. - Form and fonction of tooth crown of Gekkonid lizards. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 2886 - 2892. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 438" type="journal article" year="1987">Sumida & Murphy 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the lack of striae may be due to taphonomic pocesses (e.g. digestive process) that affected the enamel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFF2179CCD187FE44" blockId="6.[130,778,534,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[811,1458,215,784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
Recently, several scincoid taxa have been described in the European Paleogene, some forms being referred to scincids (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFF38798CD505F878" author="BOLET A. & DAZA J. D. & AUGE M. & BAUER A. M." box="[130,304,2001,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref8778" refString="BOLET A., DAZA J. D., AUGE M. & BAUER A. M. 2015. - New genus and species names for the Eocene lizard Cadurcogekko rugosus Auge, 2005. Zootaxa 3985 (2): 265 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3985.2.5" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bolet
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFF78798FD4C1F87F" box="[194,244,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFE86798CD585F878" author="AUGE M." box="[316,432,2001,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref8109" refString="AUGE M. 2005. - Evolution des lezards du Paleogene en Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 369 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 192)." type="book" year="2005">Augé 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) others to cordylids s.l. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFD08798CD79DFF65" author="BOLET A. & EVANS S." box="[690,936,215,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="8" refId="ref8725" refString="BOLET A. & EVANS S. 2013. - Lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) from the late Eocene of Sossis (Catalonia, Spain). Palaeontologia Electronica 16 (1) 8 A: 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 354" type="journal article" year="2013">Bolet & Evans 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFC547E8AD054FF65" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[1006,1121,215,241]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="647" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scincoidea">Scincoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFBCA7E8AD0C6FF65" author="WEBER S." box="[1136,1267,215,241]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref13835" refString="WEBER S. 2004. - Ornatocephalus metzleri gen. et sp. nov. (Lacertilia, Scincoidea). Taxonomy and Paleobiology of a basal Scincoid Lizard from the Messel Formation (Middle Eocene: basal Lutetian, Geiseltalium), Germany. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 561: 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2004">Weber 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFABA7E8AD19DFF66" author="FOLIE A. & SIGE B. & SMITH T." box="[1280,1448,215,242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="542 - 546" refId="ref10168" refString="FOLIE A., SIGE B. & SMITH T. 2005. - A new scincomorph lizard from the Palaeocene of Belgium and the origin of Scincoidea in Europe. Naturwissenschaften 92: 542 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 005 - 0043 - 4" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Folie
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFA807E85D159FF65" box="[1338,1388,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFC977EAAD036FE85" author="BOLET A. & AUGE M." box="[813,1027,247,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="505 - 515" refId="ref8681" refString="BOLET A. & AUGE M. 2014. - A new miniaturized lizard from the Late Eocene of France and Spain. The Anatomical Record 297: 505 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 22855" type="journal article" year="2014">Bolet & Augé 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFBA87EAAD0C5FE85" author="AUGE M. & SMITH R." box="[1042,1264,247,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="148 - 170" refId="ref8207" refString="AUGE M. & SMITH R. 2009. - An assemblage of early oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Zoological Journal Linnean Society 155: 148 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00435. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Augé & Smith 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFB457EA4D750FEA5" author="CERNANSKY A. & KLEMBARA J. & MULLER J." pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="559 - 587" refId="ref9360" refString="CERNANSKY A., KLEMBARA J. & MULLER J. 2016. - The new rare record of the late Oligocene lizards and amphisbaenians from Germany and its impact on our knowledge of the European terminal Palaeogene. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 96 (4): 559 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0226 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Čerňanský
|
||
<emphasis id="B5FE846CFF81FF9BFAC17EA5D185FE85" box="[1403,1456,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most generally, these authors recognized that the distinction between the two families (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFB2C7F6AD0C8FEC5" box="[1174,1277,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="408A23FDFF81FF9BFA957F6AD192FEC6" box="[1327,1447,311,338]" class="Reptilia" family="Cordylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cordylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is difficult. The tooth shape and the arched dentary suggest that the fossils from Montchenot belong more likely to scincids than to cordylids. Unfortunately, these fossils are too incomplete and thus unsuitable for a more specific assignment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8735587EFF81FF9BFCF97F8AD1A6FC9B" blockId="6.[811,1458,215,784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649">
|
||
As a last point, some characters of these dentaries, in combination, may suggest amphisbaenian relationships (e.g. well-developed coronoid process, robust teeth and a probable low tooth count). However, their general shape, in particular their strongly arched (concave) ventral border and subdental shelf clearly exclude this possibility. This morphology sharply contrast with the straight ventral border of the dentary that is shown by nearly all amphisbaenian members (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFAE37CEBD7F9FD64" author="GANS C. & MONTERO R." pageId="6" pageNumber="649" pagination="621 - 738" refId="ref10344" refString="GANS C. & MONTERO R. 2008. - An atlas of amphisbaenian skull anatomy, in GANS C., GAUNT A. S. & ADLER K. (eds), Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 21. Morphology 1. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York: 621 - 738." type="book chapter" year="2008">Gans & Montero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E31B258FFF81FF9BFC597C8BD059FD64" author="GANS C." box="[995,1132,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="649" refId="ref10304" refString="GANS C. 1974. - Biomechanics: Approach to Vertebrate Biology. J. P. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 261 p. (1980 reprint, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan)." type="book" year="1974">Gans (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly demonstrates that this morphology is tied to the fossorial habits of these lizards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |