621 lines
68 KiB
XML
621 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a21" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864084" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1681983622030" checkinUser="cynbaloyi" docAuthor="Smith, Gideon F., Klopper, Ronell R., Crouch, Neil R. & Figueiredo, Estrela" docDate="2016" docId="6D4B87DFFF9EFFCCFD707DFAFC41C82D" docLanguage="en" docName="Bradleya.34.59-69.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bradleya 34" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/5c8cac26-cdb4-3edb-b08f-639da0e2eeed/" docTitle="Aloe candelabrum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="9172FFA7FF9EFFCAFFA67805FFAACC16" masterDocTitle="Reinstatement of Aloe candelabrum A. Berger (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), a tree-like aloe of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1682442454147" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Reinstatement of Aloe candelabrum A. Berger (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), a tree-like aloe of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001 - 455 Coimbra, Portugal & Department of Botany, P. O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">smithgideon1@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa & H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">R.Klopper@sanbi.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Crouch, Neil R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Research, Assessment and Monitoring, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P. O. Box 52099, 4007 Berea Road, South Africa & School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041 Durban, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">N.Crouch@sanbi.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Figueiredo, Estrela</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001 - 455 Coimbra, Portugal & Department of Botany, P. O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031 South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">epnfigueiredo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Bradleya</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-11-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>34</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>59</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>69</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/5c8cac26-cdb4-3edb-b08f-639da0e2eeed/</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25223/brad.n34.2016.a21</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7864084</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D4B87DFFF9EFFCCFD707DFAFC41C82D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D4B87DFFF9EFFCCFD707DFAFC41C82D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[726,1270,1535,1697]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Differences between mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="C3GK" box="[726,951,1562,1584]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,951,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1012,1134,1562,1584]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1012,1134,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[726,1270,1535,1697]" lastBlockId="2.[121,666,807,1697]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="C3GK" authority="Smith, Klopper, Crouch & Figueiredo" box="[763,967,1591,1612]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,967,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by its tall [2–4(–8)m high], erect, unbranched stem covered in a ‘beard’ of persistent, dried leaves, with a terminal rosette of long (
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,995,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 100 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[1079,1138,1675,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="15.0">15cm</quantity>
|
||
), spreading to often recurved, deeply channelled leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[121,205,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[121,1269,121,1063]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. The large rosettes of Aloe candelabrum are carried atop robust stems that are clothed in the remains of dry leaves, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) that sometimes bear a few scattered spines on the lower surface, especially at the tip of the keel. The reddish to reddish-brown marginal teeth are pungent and
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,356,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[365,422,919,940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[498,596,919,941]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[121,206,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,1145,1554]" captionText="Figure 2. The channelled leaves of Aloe candelabrum have margins armed with reddish-brown teeth. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The candelabrum-like inflorescence is 5- to 12- branched with erect, very dense, cylindrical, slightly acuminate racemes
|
||
<quantity box="[443,542,1003,1025]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50–80cm</quantity>
|
||
long, with the terminal raceme sometimes slightly longer than the lateral ones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[375,481,1059,1081]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[121,205,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[121,1269,121,1063]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. The large rosettes of Aloe candelabrum are carried atop robust stems that are clothed in the remains of dry leaves, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[540,553,1059,1080]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[121,205,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-22@1.[121,1269,121,1063]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. The large rosettes of Aloe candelabrum are carried atop robust stems that are clothed in the remains of dry leaves, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flowers are scarlet, sometimes rose-pink, orange-red (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="2.[121,206,675,697]" captionTargetBox="[121,665,121,665]" captionTargetId="figure-1918@2.[122,664,122,664]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 4. Orange-red flowers of Aloe candelabrum, with prominent white flared tepal apices, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) to orange (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[306,398,1115,1137]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="2.[726,810,571,593]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,121,560]" captionTargetId="figure-1923@2.[727,1269,122,558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 5. Another Ashburton flower form of Aloe candelabrum is orange, with scarlet and rose-pink forms also present. The flared white inner tepal apices are conspicuous. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<emphasis box="[466,497,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[503,572,1115,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="32.0">32mm</quantity>
|
||
long, always with white inner segment tips (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[556,665,1143,1165]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="2.[121,206,675,697]" captionTargetBox="[121,665,121,665]" captionTargetId="figure-1918@2.[122,664,122,664]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 4. Orange-red flowers of Aloe candelabrum, with prominent white flared tepal apices, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[170,183,1171,1193]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="2.[726,810,571,593]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,121,560]" captionTargetId="figure-1923@2.[727,1269,122,558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 5. Another Ashburton flower form of Aloe candelabrum is orange, with scarlet and rose-pink forms also present. The flared white inner tepal apices are conspicuous. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[206,288,1171,1193]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[121,191,123,144]" captionTargetBox="[150,1235,192,785]" captionTargetId="graphics-2557@4.[121,1270,164,805]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Differences between mature specimens of Aloe candelabrum and Aloe ferox." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Very rarely they are white (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="2.[726,811,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[727,1269,717,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-2233@2.[727,1269,717,1154]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 6. Rare white flowers of Aloe cande- labrum, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="0.[1240,1270,1806,1830]" box="[1240,1270,1806,1830]" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">59</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864086/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" startId="1.[121,205,1073,1095]" targetBox="[121,1270,121,1063]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[121,1270,1073,1123]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,232,1073,1095]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
The large rosettes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[480,681,1073,1094]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,681,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are carried atop robust stems that are clothed in the remains of dry leaves, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864090/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" startId="1.[121,206,1568,1590]" targetBox="[121,1270,1145,1554]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[121,666,1568,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,236,1568,1590]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
The channelled leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have margins armed with reddish-brown teeth. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864092/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" startId="1.[726,809,1568,1590]" targetBox="[121,1270,1145,1554]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[726,1270,1568,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,835,1568,1590]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1072,1270,1569,1590]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1072,1270,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble chandeliers, and have up to 12 raceme branches. Although not obvious in this Ashburton plant, the terminal raceme is often longer than the laterals. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[121,666,1568,1647]" box="[659,666,1625,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864094/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[726,810,571,593]" targetBox="[726,1270,121,560]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[726,836,571,593]" lastBlockId="2.[726,1270,599,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,836,571,593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Another Ashburton flower form of Aloe
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,870,599,620]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,870,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is orange, with scarlet and rose-pink forms also present. The flared white inner tepal apices are conspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[121,206,675,697]" targetBox="[121,665,121,665]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[121,666,675,781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,242,675,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Orange-red flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with prominent white flared tepal apices, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[726,1270,599,705]" box="[957,1270,683,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[121,666,675,781]" box="[352,666,759,781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" startId="2.[726,811,1164,1186]" targetBox="[727,1269,717,1154]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[726,1270,1164,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,846,1164,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare white flowers of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1134,1182,1164,1185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aloe</taxonomicName>
|
||
cande- labrum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[121,666,807,1697]" lastBlockId="4.[121,666,820,1710]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[396,590,1227,1248]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[396,590,1227,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which are included in Group 4B of
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,659,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
|
||
. sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Haw." authorityName="Haw." box="[180,408,1283,1304]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Pachydendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[180,340,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Pachydendron</emphasis>
|
||
Haw.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="REYNOLDS, G. W." box="[424,650,1283,1305]" journalOrPublisher="Johannesburg" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refId="ref4916" refString="REYNOLDS, G. W. (1950). The aloes of South Africa. The Aloes of South Africa Book Fund, Johannesburg." title="The aloes of South Africa. The Aloes of South Africa Book Fund" type="book" year="1950">Reynolds, 1950: 442</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This has been confirmed by HPLC analyses of leaf exudates that reveal similar profiles for anthrone and chromone derivatives (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="VILJOEN, A. V. & VAN WYK, B-E. & VAN DER BANK, H. & SMITH, G. F. & VAN DER BANK, M." bookContentInfo="45" box="[434,650,1367,1389]" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" pagination="461 - 471" refId="ref5169" refString="VILJOEN, A. V., VAN WYK, B-E., VAN DER BANK, H., SMITH, G. F. & VAN DER BANK, M. (1996). A chemotaxonomic and biochemical evaluation of the identity of Aloe candelabrum (Aloaceae). Taxon 45: 461 - 471." title="A chemotaxonomic and biochemical evaluation of the identity of Aloe candelabrum (Aloaceae)" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Viljoen
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,573,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[121,230,1395,1416]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,230,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species very widely distributed in the southern and east-central parts of South Africa, as well as southern Lesotho. It is similarly distinguished by a tall [2–3(–5)m] erect, unbranched stem with persistent dried leaves and a terminal rosette (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[307,398,1535,1557]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[121,205,995,1017]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,983]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[122,1268,122,982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Colony of Aloe ferox plants, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Robust stems clothed in persistent, dried leaves present rosettes of erect to spreading leaves, rarely recurved. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[562,665,1535,1556]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,665,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically erect to erectly spreading (rarely up to
|
||
<quantity box="[151,223,1591,1612]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="100.0">100cm</quantity>
|
||
), with marginal teeth of
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,544,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[553,609,1591,1613]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[129,220,1619,1641]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="3.[121,206,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[122,664,1082,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-209@3.[122,664,1082,1488]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 8. Pungent reddish-brown spines along the leaf margins of Aloe ferox, Nieu Bethesda, Eastern Cape province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864102/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and both surfaces either smooth or with irregularly scattered, pungent spines. The lower surface bears a few spines in the median line near the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,930,1282,1304]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="3.[726,811,1548,1570]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,1081,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-218@3.[726,1270,1081,1533]" captionText="Figure 9. Population of Aloe ferox south of Swellendam, Western Cape province. Both leaf surfaces are either smooth or with irregularly scattered, pungent spines, and the lower surface has a few spines in the median line near the apex. Photograph: Estrela Figueiredo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864104/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The candelabrum-like inflorescence is 5- to 8-branched (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1046,1142,1310,1332]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="3.[121,205,995,1017]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,983]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[122,1268,122,982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 7. Colony of Aloe ferox plants, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Robust stems clothed in persistent, dried leaves present rosettes of erect to spreading leaves, rarely recurved. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864100/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), generally with all racemes of approximately equal length, although one may be prominently taller. Flowers are mostly scarlet to orange, rarely white, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1270,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[726,795,1422,1443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="33.0">33mm</quantity>
|
||
long with the inner segments tips brown to deep brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[869,988,1450,1472]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[121,206,672,694]" captionTargetBox="[121,665,121,659]" captionTargetId="figure-296@5.[121,666,121,660]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10. Bright orange flower form of Aloe ferox, also with prominent, dark inner tepal apices that typically do not flare, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Across its range, perianth colour varies from scarlet through orange and yellow to white. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1044,1070,1450,1471]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="5.[726,810,775,797]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,121,762]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[726,1269,121,761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 11. Reddish-orange flowers of Aloe ferox, with inner tepal apices that seemingly clasp the extended filaments, Queenstown, Eastern Cape province. The tips of the inner tepals of Aloe ferox are brown to deep brown, or at least more in- tensely coloured than the rest of the corolla. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">11</figureCitation>
|
||
), or at least more intensely coloured than the rest of the corolla. The inner tepal apices typically do not flare (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="5.[121,206,672,694]" captionTargetBox="[121,665,121,659]" captionTargetId="figure-296@5.[121,666,121,660]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 10. Bright orange flower form of Aloe ferox, also with prominent, dark inner tepal apices that typically do not flare, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Across its range, perianth colour varies from scarlet through orange and yellow to white. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[809,835,1534,1555]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="5.[726,810,775,797]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,121,762]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[726,1269,121,761]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 11. Reddish-orange flowers of Aloe ferox, with inner tepal apices that seemingly clasp the extended filaments, Queenstown, Eastern Cape province. The tips of the inner tepals of Aloe ferox are brown to deep brown, or at least more in- tensely coloured than the rest of the corolla. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[859,941,1534,1556]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[121,191,123,144]" captionTargetBox="[150,1235,192,785]" captionTargetId="graphics-2557@4.[121,1270,164,805]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Differences between mature specimens of Aloe candelabrum and Aloe ferox." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Whereas the inner segment tips of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[807,987,1562,1583]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[807,987,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A. candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tepals flare and are the same colour to the margin (in some herbarium specimens the white margins are still clearly evident), in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[822,904,1646,1667]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[822,904,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the inner tepal tips barely spread and are distinctly dark. It is only in old herbarium specimens presenting flowers dried very dark (with colour deepening perhaps heightened by pre-treatment with a petroleum product) that this character is indistinct.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="REYNOLDS, G. W." box="[370,543,904,926]" journalOrPublisher="Johannesburg" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refId="ref4916" refString="REYNOLDS, G. W. (1950). The aloes of South Africa. The Aloes of South Africa Book Fund, Johannesburg." title="The aloes of South Africa. The Aloes of South Africa Book Fund" type="book" year="1950">Reynolds (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered leaf channelling to be more accentuated in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
A.
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,228,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
; our observations, however, reveal this to be a weakly supported character, as too is the prominence of elevation of the central raceme branch.
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[726,1270,1164,1242]" box="[957,1270,1220,1242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" startId="3.[121,205,995,1017]" targetBox="[121,1270,121,983]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[121,1270,995,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,232,995,1017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[349,456,995,1016]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,456,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Robust stems clothed in persistent, dried leaves present rosettes of erect to spreading leaves, rarely recurved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[121,1270,995,1551]" box="[957,1270,1051,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864102/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" startId="3.[121,206,1501,1523]" targetBox="[122,664,1082,1488]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[121,1270,995,1551]" lastBlockId="3.[121,666,1557,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,236,1501,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Pungent reddish-brown spines along the leaf margins of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Nieu Bethesda" authorityName="Nieu Bethesda" box="[356,658,1529,1551]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,469,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
, Nieu Bethesda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Eastern Cape province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" startId="3.[726,811,1548,1570]" subCaptionStartIDs="3.[1144,1263,1688,1710]" subCaptionStarts="Figu" targetBox="[726,1270,1081,1533]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[726,1270,1548,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,848,1548,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Population of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1155,1548,1569]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1155,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
south of Swellendam, Western Cape province. Both leaf surfaces are either smooth or with irregularly scattered, pungent spines, and the lower surface has a few spines in the median line near the apex. Photograph: Estrela Figueiredo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86" box="[121,1061,122,144]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B19D6641FF9AFFCEFFDF787EFB8FCC86" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" startId="4.[121,191,123,144]" targetBox="[150,1235,192,785]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1061,122,144]" box="[121,1061,122,144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<tableNote box="[121,1061,122,144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[150,1235,192,785]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,218,122,144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences between mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[691,891,122,143]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,891,122,143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[946,1054,122,143]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[946,1054,122,143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<table box="[150,1235,192,785]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,192,214]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,192,214]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,164,192,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">#</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[199,412,192,214]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,326,192,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[439,798,192,214]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[505,731,192,214]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[505,731,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[847,1235,192,214]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[980,1102,192,214]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[980,1102,192,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,266,288]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,266,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">1</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,266,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Rosette</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,266,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Very large (
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,627,266,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 2m diam.)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,266,288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Medium-sized to large (<2m diam.)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,339,361]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,339,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">2</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,339,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Leaf length</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,339,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,600,339,360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1m
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,339,361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63"><1m rarely to 1m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,398,448]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,398,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">3</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,398,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Leaf curvature / disposition</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,398,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Spreading to often gracefully re- curved, occasionally erect</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,398,448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Erect to somewhat spreading, seldom recurved</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,471,520]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,471,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">4</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,471,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Inflorescence structure</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,471,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Up to 12 raceme branches</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,471,520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Not more than 8 raceme branches</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,544,594]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,544,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">5</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,544,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Tepal apices colour</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,544,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Lighter, white-tipped. Outer slightly darker than inner</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,544,594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Darker, brown-tipped. Outer always lighter than inner</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,622,672]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,622,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">6</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,622,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Inner tepal apices disposition</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,622,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Flared, filaments free</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,622,672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Not flared, often clasp filaments</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[150,1235,707,785]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th box="[150,164,707,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">7</th>
|
||
<td box="[199,412,707,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distribution range</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,798,707,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">East-central KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa</td>
|
||
<td box="[847,1235,707,785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Free State provinces of South Africa; Lesotho</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,666,820,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
In the eastern parts of the Eastern Cape province and southern parts of KwaZulu-Natal, and from the Mtamvuna valley through to Ixopo,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[121,326,1156,1177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,326,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[385,471,1156,1178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,471,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seemingly intergrade. This is evidenced by some populations having plants with more erect leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[500,618,1212,1234]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="5.[121,205,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[121,664,847,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-705@5.[121,664,847,1572]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 12. Tall specimens of Aloe candelabrum at Izingolweni, southern KwaZulu-Natal province. These plants share various characteristics with A. ferox, including erect to spreading leaf orientation. Photograph: Geoff Nichols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864110/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figures 12</figureCitation>
|
||
and 13) or slightly recurved ones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[459,569,1240,1262]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="6.[121,205,960,982]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,134,950]" captionTargetId="figure-1833@6.[122,1268,135,950]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 14. Some recurved leaves are shown in this group of Aloe candelabrum plants at Izingolweni, southern KwaZulu-Natal. Photograph: Geoff Nichols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864114/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,665,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[121,174,1268,1289]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,174,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like spines along both leaf margins and undersides (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[232,343,1296,1318]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="7.[121,205,1586,1608]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,121,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[120,1270,120,1574]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 15. The arrangement of leaf prickles on this Aloe candelabrum plant at Izingolweni in southern KwaZulu-Natal is comparable to that observed in some Aloe ferox specimens from the Eastern Cape province. Photograph: Geoff Nichols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864116/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). We speculate that it is on this basis that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="JEPPE, B." box="[285,425,1324,1346]" journalOrPublisher="Purnell & Sons S. A. (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refId="ref4851" refString="JEPPE, B. (1969). South African aloes. Purnell & Sons S. A. (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town." title="South African aloes" type="book" year="1969">Jeppe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[555,638,1324,1346]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,638,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occur from south of Ixopo. However, within this southern KwaZulu-Natal region white perianth apices are always evident, an observation also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="VILJOEN, A. V. & VAN WYK, B-E. & VAN DER BANK, H. & SMITH, G. F. & VAN DER BANK, M." bookContentInfo="45" box="[221,435,1436,1458]" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="461 - 471" refId="ref5169" refString="VILJOEN, A. V., VAN WYK, B-E., VAN DER BANK, H., SMITH, G. F. & VAN DER BANK, M. (1996). A chemotaxonomic and biochemical evaluation of the identity of Aloe candelabrum (Aloaceae). Taxon 45: 461 - 471." title="A chemotaxonomic and biochemical evaluation of the identity of Aloe candelabrum (Aloaceae)" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Viljoen
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,353,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Where the distribution ranges of related
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[367,415,1464,1485]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[367,415,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species meet, such intergradations are not uncommon, as noted for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,665,1493,1514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,237,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="KLOPPER, R. R. & SMITH, G. F." bookContentInfo="40" box="[251,507,1520,1542]" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" pagination="91 - 93" refId="ref4878" refString="KLOPPER, R. R. & SMITH, G. F. (2010). Notes on African plants. Asphodelaceae: Alooideae. Reinstatement of Aloe spectabilis. Bothalia 40: 91 - 93." title="Notes on African plants. Asphodelaceae: Alooideae. Reinstatement of Aloe spectabilis" type="journal article" year="2010">Klopper & Smith, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[121,666,820,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[188,385,1548,1569]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[188,385,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the teeth on the leamargins are quite short and stout, about
|
||
<quantity box="[546,603,1576,1598]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and spaced
|
||
<quantity box="[248,357,1604,1626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[436,528,1604,1626]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[121,206,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[121,1270,1145,1554]" captionText="Figure 2. The channelled leaves of Aloe candelabrum have margins armed with reddish-brown teeth. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864090/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,665,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,175,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">ferox</emphasis>
|
||
the teeth are generally larger and more prominent, up
|
||
<quantity box="[288,344,1660,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and often more closely spaced at
|
||
<quantity box="[232,341,1688,1710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20mm</quantity>
|
||
distant (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[441,535,1688,1710]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="3.[121,206,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[122,664,1082,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-209@3.[122,664,1082,1488]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 8. Pungent reddish-brown spines along the leaf margins of Aloe ferox, Nieu Bethesda, Eastern Cape province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864102/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[726,1270,820,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,1270,820,842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Geographical distribution ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1216,1270,820,842]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1216,1270,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,1074,848,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,891,848,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,891,848,870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[952,1074,848,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[952,1074,848,870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Both species are confined to either southern Africa (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[812,924,904,925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[812,924,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or South Africa (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1270,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[897,1011,932,953]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[897,1011,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
predominating in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, extending northwestwards into the Free State province, as well as southern Lesotho. It does not occur in KwaZulu-Natal, and no specimens are known from the Northern Cape province, even though it occurs close by the juncture of that territory with both the Western and Eastern Cape provinces (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1004,1111,1156,1178]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="8.[121,206,594,616]" captionTargetBox="[121,665,121,586]" captionTargetId="figure-2402@8.[120,667,119,588]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 16. Known geographical distribution range of Aloe candelabrum (orange shading) and Aloe ferox (red shading) in southern Africa (South Africa and Lesotho)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864118/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[726,1270,820,1710]" lastBlockId="6.[121,666,1034,1700]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[763,965,1184,1205]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,965,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, is confined to southeast-central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where it is more or less restricted to the northern and western aspects of valleys of all river systems from the Mtamvuna northwards to the Mngeni. This species in its typical form is a particularly prominent component of the landscape of the Mkomazi River system, and those to the north. The entire distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1222,1270,1408,1429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1222,1270,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,875,1436,1457]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,875,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the Maputoland-Pondoland Region of Endemism on the eastern seaboard of South Africa (Van Wyk & Smith, 2001). Along the actual KwaZulu-Natal coastline,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,934,1548,1569]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,934,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1121,1270,1548,1569]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thraskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1121,1270,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe thraskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Baker, which is also a robust, tall-stemmed species, albeit with shorter, more dense inflorescences. Within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1042,1127,1632,1654]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1127,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Eastern Cape, from north of Port Elizabeth to near Humansdorp,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[884,1092,1688,1710]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1032,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Aloe africana</emphasis>
|
||
Mill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a comparable niche in the littoral zone. However, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[121,239,1062,1083]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thraskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,239,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. thraskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[252,375,1062,1083]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[252,375,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs at locations in the interior (see maps in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="VAN WYK, B-E. & BEN-ERIK & SMITH, G. F." bookContentInfo="3 rd edition" journalOrPublisher="Briza Publications, Queenswood, Pretoria." pageId="6" pageNumber="65" refId="ref5131" refString="VAN WYK, B-E. [BEN-ERIK] & SMITH, G. F. (2014). Guide to the aloes of South Africa. 3 rd edition. Briza Publications, Queenswood, Pretoria." title="Guide to the aloes of South Africa" type="book" year="2014">Van Wyk & Smith, 2014: 52</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[162,286,1118,1139]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[162,286,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] and 80 [
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,509,1118,1139]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thraskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,509,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. thraskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[121,206,672,694]" targetBox="[121,665,121,659]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[121,666,672,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,253,672,694]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Bright orange flower form of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also with prominent, dark inner tepal apices that typically do not flare, Jansenville, Eastern Cape province. Across its range, perianth colour varies from scarlet through orange and yellow to white. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864108/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[726,810,775,797]" targetBox="[726,1270,121,762]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[726,1270,775,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,852,775,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Reddish-orange flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1155,1263,775,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1155,1263,775,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with inner tepal apices that seemingly clasp the extended filaments, Queenstown, Eastern Cape province. The tips of the inner tepals of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1163,1270,859,880]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1163,1270,859,880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aloe ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are brown to deep brown, or at least more in- tensely coloured than the rest of the corolla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[726,1270,775,965]" box="[957,1270,943,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864110/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[121,205,1581,1603]" targetBox="[121,664,847,1572]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[121,666,1581,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,248,1581,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Tall specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[462,665,1581,1602]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,665,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Izingolweni, southern KwaZulu-Natal province. These plants share various characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including erect to spreading leaf orientation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864112/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" startId="5.[726,810,1581,1603]" targetBox="[727,1269,977,1568]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[726,1270,1581,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[726,852,1581,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[970,1172,1581,1602]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[970,1172,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Izingol- weni, southern KwaZulu-Natal. Flower colour variation is evident, as is the absence of recurved leaves. Photograph: Geoff Nichols.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[121,666,1581,1715]" box="[367,666,1693,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Photograph: Geoff Nichols.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864114/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" startId="6.[121,205,960,982]" targetBox="[121,1270,134,950]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1270,960,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,248,960,982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Some recurved leaves are shown in this group of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[814,1016,960,981]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[814,1016,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Aloe candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants at Izingolweni, southern KwaZulu-Natal. Photograph: Geoff Nichols.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,666,1034,1700]" lastBlockId="6.[726,1270,1034,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
A single specimen known to us (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A.T.D. Abbott 7003</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode box="[195,235,1174,1195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">NH</collectionCode>
|
||
]) locates a tree-like aloe with white tepal tips in the extreme north of the Eastern Cape province, near Mbizana, on a ridge above the Mtamvuna River at an altitude of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[541,610,1258,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[541,603,1258,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="640.0">640m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The colony from which the specimen (comprising a raceme branch only) was gathered in 1996 was recorded as a mixture of orange, red and whiteflowered plants. As the original collecting label indicates that the flowers were from a white-flowering plant, we are unable to determine whether this material represents
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[512,599,1454,1475]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,599,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Until the colony is revisited and assessed, we deem
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[332,518,1510,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,518,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be documented only from KwaZulu-Natal province; it is though highly likely to occur to the immediate south in Eastern Cape province. Albinistic blooms such as those noted at Mbizana are seldom reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[249,433,1650,1671]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,433,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">A. candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but have been observed both at Izingolweni and Ashburton (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[734,836,1034,1056]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="2.[726,811,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[727,1269,717,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-2233@2.[727,1269,717,1154]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 6. Rare white flowers of Aloe cande- labrum, Ashburton, KwaZulu-Natal province. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[889,915,1034,1055]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="8.[726,810,855,877]" captionTargetBox="[726,1270,121,846]" captionTargetId="figure-2546@8.[727,1269,122,844]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 17. A white-flowering plant of Aloe candelabrum at Izingolweni in southern KwaZulu- Natal. Photograph: Geoff Nichols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">17</figureCitation>
|
||
), in the south and the northwest of its range, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |