611 lines
97 KiB
XML
611 lines
97 KiB
XML
<document id="FD709E38E0ECEA12353BFB460697D9CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="20065" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b29224-e672-4a29-b553-1186211e3559" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391240" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:231E3A73-1800-4559-A995-013482DEA623" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648490830014" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Monvoisin, Evariste, Allain, Ronan, Buffetaut, Eric & Picot, Laurent" docDate="2022" docId="03F29C74FFE6960FD42E6AD5FF2A9906" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.12.385-415.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetanurae Gauthier 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="407" masterDocId="FFCBE40CFFF29617D5436C66FFD49F4A" masterDocTitle="New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)" masterLastPageNumber="415" masterPageNumber="385" pageNumber="403" updateTime="1699318653955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E405A6576E66166D2C5FE77175976352">
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<mods:title id="0B11715537C61F9A26762974CC2677F4">New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B9827574CC16774E81C328BD9858E53B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B7BA0A29B84E3BC20F443801D51AEBE7">Monvoisin, Evariste</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A88E5094FABE232C5352EEF3EB1918B6">Allain, Ronan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="476A8175BB09B443C818A07CB55C8299">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="668939AB861E22B4C66EBF8E896E84B0">Buffetaut, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9506D019DC657386B6A22F6DCAD741AE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A52A16E5B16140FB346C9834B8B8017D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7A841058D9EF893075002120020F1273">Picot, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="35F4128D93A28DF42D2BDAF1D8E9246B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FE32FF32FC01B5D8032F9E7CD6874BF8">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="82257220EAD205FEB390C5E2077CB70B">
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<mods:date id="5751184BD2C9026774A1095EAD298009">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6278F5A5743A3AF4504287071EFFA9B">2022-03-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80D8176B6A1153EA674326B43CC62D72">44</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="14D39C536B9271F18F892D44C3DE8C25">12</mods:number>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F29C74FFE6960FD42E6AD5FF2A9906" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399029" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194312173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6399029" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F29C74FFE6960FD42E6AD5FF2A9906" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F29C74FFE6960FD42E6AD5FF2A9906" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<subSection id="E2D43489FFE69602D42E6AD5FA649AA7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE69603D42E6AD5FDCB9986" box="[365,543,1714,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D42E6AD5FDCB9986" blockId="20.[365,543,1714,1741]" box="[365,543,1714,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE69603D42E6AD5FE0C9987" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[365,472,1715,1741]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE69603D5C76A94FEF89866" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D5C76A94FEE29840" blockId="20.[132,776,1778,1900]" box="[132,310,1778,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">AXIAL SKELETON</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D5C76B74FEF89866" blockId="20.[132,776,1778,1900]" box="[132,300,1810,1836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE69603D5C76B74FEF89866" box="[132,300,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Dorsal vertebrae</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE69603D5C76B57FE2598A6" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D5C76B57FD099826" blockId="20.[132,776,1778,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE69603D5C76B57FF0A9801" bold="true" box="[132,222,1841,1867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Material.</emphasis>
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dorsal vertebrae B4(
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<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE69603D4DD6B57FE0B9806" box="[414,479,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1007,1024]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,965]" captionTargetId="figure-195@20.[698,1267,213,778]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 14. — Specimen B4, dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; spl, supplementary lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391270/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Fig.14</figureCitation>
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)and
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<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE69603D7506B54FD9F9806" box="[531,587,1842,1868]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">MPV</collectionCode>
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<date id="FFE50BA2FFE69603D70E6B54FD719806" box="[589,677,1842,1868]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" value="2020-01-07">2020.1.7</date>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE69603D7F36B57FF419826" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,1080,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-283@20.[131,794,1080,1566]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls.Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391272/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Fig.15A, B</figureCitation>
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) and posterior dorsal vertebra
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<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE69603D4896B34FDD09826" box="[458,516,1874,1900]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">MPV</collectionCode>
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V869 (
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<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE69603D7116B37FD1B9826" box="[594,719,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,1080,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-283@20.[131,794,1080,1566]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls.Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391272/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Fig. 15C, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D5C76BF7FE2598A6" blockId="20.[132,774,1937,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE69603D5C76BF7FEC598E1" bold="true" box="[132,273,1937,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Stratigraphy.</emphasis>
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Oxfordian or Callovian marls (
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<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE69603D7226BF7FD4A98E1" box="[609,670,1937,1963]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">MPV</collectionCode>
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<date id="FFE50BA2FFE69603D7E66BF7FCD298E1" box="[677,774,1937,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" value="2020-01-07">2020.1.7</date>
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and B4). Lower Oxfordian marls according to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE69603D7C16BD7FCD19881" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[642,773,1969,1995]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Actinostreon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gregareum">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE69603D7C16BD7FCD19881" box="[642,773,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">A. gregareum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shells in the matrix (
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<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE69603D4236BB7FE4998A1" box="[352,413,2001,2027]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">MPV</collectionCode>
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V869).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE69602D66E6AD4FE1D9C25" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69603D66E6AD4FBBC98E1" blockId="20.[811,1457,1714,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE69603D66E6AD4FC879986" bold="true" box="[813,851,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">B4.</emphasis>
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The vertebra is so eroded and water-worn that it does not appear to be a bone at first sight. Despite the strong erosion, the neural arch is still preserved and attached to the centrum. All of the apophyses are missing and only the base of the neural spine is visible. Articular facets are not preserved. This preservation state is remarkable and differs from other Vaches Noires remains studied here. It is the result of a long time period on the foreshore.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE69602D6006BD7FE1D9C25" blockId="20.[811,1457,1714,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[130,776,215,1198]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
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The bottom of a pleurocentral depression is still visible on each lateral side. According to the strong erosion, these should have been quite deep. The neural canal is anteriorly and posteriorly visible as a rounded depression. Remains of the hyposphene are present, above a triangular depression and allow the orientation of the specimen. Oddly enough, the bone laminae of the neural arch are clearly visible (
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<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D7E96D31FD229E3B" box="[682,758,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1007,1024]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,965]" captionTargetId="figure-195@20.[698,1267,213,778]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 14. — Specimen B4, dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; spl, supplementary lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391270/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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). Despite the absence of the apophyses, anterior and posterior centrodiapophyseal as well as centropostzygapophyseal laminae are observable and frame their corresponding fossae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D5CD6DB0FE8B9EBA" author="WILSON J. A. & D'EMIC M. D. & IKEJIRI T. & MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A." box="[142,351,470,496]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" journalOrPublisher="Plos One" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="e 17114" part="6" refId="ref23941" refString="WILSON J. A., D'EMIC M. D., IKEJIRI T., MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A. 2011. - A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs. Plos One 6 (2): e 17114. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / annotation / 53 a 56437 - a 810 - 4373 - baee- 16685 ec 20 b 2 f" title="A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Wilson
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D5A46DB1FECA9EBA" box="[231,286,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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) Another peculiarity of the specimen is the asymmetry of these laminae. Indeed, in right lateral view, an additional lamina is visible in the centre of what should be the centrodiapophyseal fossa (
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<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D71D6E50FD119D1B" box="[606,709,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1007,1024]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,965]" captionTargetId="figure-195@20.[698,1267,213,778]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 14. — Specimen B4, dorsal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in left lateral (A) and right lateral (B) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ns, neural spine; pcd, pleurocentral depression; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; spl, supplementary lamina. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391270/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
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). The lamina issues from the same base as the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina but its end is posteriorly oriented. This additional structure comes with a different orientation of the dorsal end of the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina on each side of the vertebra. Indeed, the latter is anteriorly oriented on the right side and posteriorly oriented on the left side. The dorsal margin of the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa is anteriorly oriented and is elliptical, as well as the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D5D86F13FEDD9BE4" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D5D86F13FEDD9BE4" blockId="21.[130,776,215,1198]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
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Because parapophyses are absent and the specimen is very eroded, a clear positioning of the vertebra is impossible. According to the phylogeny of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D4A56FD3FD009C85" author="CARRANO M. T. & BENSON R. B. J. & SAMPSON S. D." box="[486,724,949,975]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carrano" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="211 - 300" part="10" refId="ref21456" refString="CARRANO M. T., BENSON R. B. J. & SAMPSON S. D. 2012. - The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (2): 211 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.10 80 / 14772019.2011.630927" title="The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Carrano
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D70A6FD3FD549C85" box="[585,640,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, the anterior orientation of the neural spine on dorsal vertebrae is a synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D4316F92FDD99B44" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1994" box="[370,525,1012,1038]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="407" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Allosauroidea">Allosauroidea</taxonomicName>
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. However, considering the poorly preservation of the specimen a taxonomic assignment above
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D4526853FE559B05" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[273,385,1077,1103]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
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will not be attempted. Moreover, the preserved part of the neural spine is too incomplete to discern a real character state and this orientation could be artificial.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D5C768B2FCDD9AC7" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D5C768B2FCDD9AC7" blockId="21.[131,777,1235,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D5C768B2FEE49BA7" bold="true" box="[132,304,1235,1262]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
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<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D5C768B2FF159BA4" box="[132,193,1236,1262]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
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<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D58968B5FEE49BA7" box="[202,304,1235,1261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-07">2020.1.7</date>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
. Only the centrum of the vertebra is preserved (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D59C6895FE9E9A44" box="[223,330,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,1080,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-283@20.[131,794,1080,1566]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls.Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391272/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The left laterodorsal margin and the borders of the articular facets are eroded. The parapophyses are not visible. Thus, the preservation state prevents a clear orientation of the bone. The slightly greater depth of one side of the pleurocentral depression could indicate the front.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D5D869F5FA879E78" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D5D869F5FDAA99C7" blockId="21.[131,777,1235,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
The centrum is platycoelous to slightly amphicoelous and is
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE79602D5D869D5FF2D9A87" box="[155,249,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
|
long. It is much less concave laterally and ventrally than MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D40069B5FE7C9AA7" box="[323,424,1491,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-07">2020.1.7</date>
|
|
and B5. This condition may be emphasised by erosion. Nevertheless, pleurocentral depressions are still much shallower. The right neurocentral suture is flat and clearly visible so that the individual may have been a juvenile. The neural canal is visible only medially. A
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE79602D5DC6A14FF3599C7" box="[159,225,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide oval foramen pierces its centre.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D5D86AF4FA879E78" blockId="21.[131,777,1235,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[810,1457,215,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
The centrum shape seems to indicate a middle to posterior dorsal vertebra, but the absence of the parapophyses prevents a more precise positioning. Moreover, the state of preservation is too poor for a taxonomic assignment. And yet, this clade is use here more as a baseline, taking into account that the group is far more represented than others during Middle to Late Jurassic, especially in Europe (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D5CD6B17FEB498C1" author="RAUHUT O. W. M. & HUBNER T. & LANSER K. - P." box="[142,352,1905,1931]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rauhut" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologia Electronica" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 65" part="19" refId="ref23365" refString="RAUHUT O. W. M., HUBNER T. & LANSER K. - P. 2016. - A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic. Palaeontologia Electronica 19 (2): 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 654" title="A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Rauhut
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D5AA6B14FECB98C1" box="[233,287,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D4FD6B17FDF798C1" box="[446,547,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-07">2020.1.7</date>
|
|
is different in shape with a transversally wider centrum bearing shallower lateral depression than MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D4CB6BD7FE299881" box="[392,509,1969,1995]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-10">2020.1.10</date>
|
|
and B5 so that it may indicates a different taxon, tentatively referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D7DF6BB4FCDD98A6" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[668,777,2002,2028]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D66E6CB1FC679FBB" bold="true" box="[813,947,215,241]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV V869.</emphasis>
|
|
The vertebra was already described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D0106CB1FC379E58" author="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E." firstAuthor="Plasse" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 13" part="8" refId="ref23312" refString="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E. 2016. - Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode. Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes 8: 5 - 13." title="Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode" type="journal article" year="2016">Plasse & Buffetaut (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and defined as a thirteenth and last dorsal vertebra belonging to an allosauroid (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D1836D71FA929E78" box="[1216,1350,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1606,1623]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,1080,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-283@20.[131,794,1080,1566]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. — Dorsal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls.Specimen MPV 2020.1.7 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in left lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV V869 (Oxfordian marls), in left lateral? (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: vp, ventral plateau. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391272/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 15C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D6006D51FA649AA7" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D6006D51FB779A04" blockId="21.[810,1457,215,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
According to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D6976D51FBAE9E1B" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[980,1146,311,337]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the last presacral vertebra of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D66E6D31FC4E9E3B" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[813,922,343,369]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the fourteenth.The number of cervical and dorsal vertebrae of the theropod have been discussed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D07E6D11FCA29EFB" author="EVERS S. W. & RAUHUT O. W. M. & MILNER A. C. & MCFEETERS B. & ALLAIN R." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Evers" journalOrPublisher="PeerJ" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1323" part="3" refId="ref22017" refString="EVERS S. W., RAUHUT O. W. M., MILNER A. C., MCFEETERS B. & ALLAIN R. 2015. - A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaur Sigilmassasaurus from the " middle " Cretaceous of Morocco. PeerJ 3: e 1323. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 1323" title="A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaur Sigilmassasaurus from the " middle " Cretaceous of Morocco" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Evers
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D03F6D11FA649EDB" box="[1404,1456,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
so that it is assumed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D1386DF0FB379EFA" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1147,1251,406,432]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1386DF0FB379EFA" box="[1147,1251,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
had, as many other basal tetanuran rather 10 cervicals and 13 dorsals instead of 9 and 14. Then,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D68B6DB0FB099EBB" author="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E." box="[968,1245,470,497]" firstAuthor="Plasse" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 13" part="8" refId="ref23312" refString="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E. 2016. - Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode. Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes 8: 5 - 13." title="Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode" type="journal article" year="2016">Plasse & Buffetaut (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
made a positioning correction with the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D6AF6D90FB479D5A" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1004,1171,502,528]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D6AF6D90FB479D5A" box="[1004,1171,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vertebra used as comparison and figured (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D6F56E70FB6D9D7A" author="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E." box="[950,1209,534,560]" firstAuthor="Plasse" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="5 - 13" part="8" refId="ref23312" refString="PLASSE M. & BUFFETAUT E. 2016. - Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode. Bulletin Sciences et Geologie normandes 8: 5 - 13." title="Une vertebre dorsale de dinosaure theropode" type="journal article" year="2016">Plasse & Buffetaut 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D18B6E70FAD19D7A" box="[1224,1285,534,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1842,1859]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-103@8.[698,1267,764,1341]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Megalosauroidea indet., left premaxilla (B1), Oolithes Ferrugineuses de Villers, in lateral (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views. Distal denticles of a replacement tooth of the first alveoli in lingual view (D). Abbreviations: snf, subnarial foramen. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391244/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
) that represents the fourteenth of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D6AF6E50FB459D1B" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[1004,1169,566,593]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
but numbered as the thirteenth which indicate the last presacral vertebra. Parapophyses are potentially visible in the shape of an eroded area lateral to the centroprezygapophyseal fossae. If that is correct, they were located at the anterior base of the diapophyses and at the same level as the prezygapophyses, which supports the already established positioning.The specimen is therefore a last dorsal/ thirteenth vertebra.Despite the previous detailed description, the specimen was not compared with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D1EE6F53FA729C05" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[1197,1446,821,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1EE6F53FA729C05" box="[1197,1446,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Megalosaurus bucklandii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, particularly with a posterior dorsal vertebra of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E093C0FFE79602D0056F33FC8F9CC5" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
|
(OUMNH J.13577), which has important similarities with MPV V869. Among them is the flat area on the ventral side of the centrum, also present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D1E56FD3FA7E9C85" authority="(Britt 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1190,1450,949,975]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1E56FD3FAF49C84" box="[1190,1312,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Torvosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D0736FD3FA4B9C85" author="BRITT B. B." box="[1328,1439,949,975]" firstAuthor="Britt" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University Geology Studies" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 72" part="37" refId="ref20699" refString="BRITT B. B. 1991. - Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 37: 1 - 72." title="Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri" type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This feature is also present in
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1286FB2FAC59CA4" box="[1131,1297,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Streptospondylus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D0626FB2FA4B9CA5" author="ALLAIN R." box="[1313,1439,980,1007]" firstAuthor="Allain" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="349 - 367" part="23" refId="ref19724" refString="ALLAIN R. 2001. - Redescription de Streptospondylus altdorfensis, le dinosaure theropode de Cuvier, du Jurassique de Normandie. Geodiversitas 23 (3): 349 - 367." title="Redescription de Streptospondylus altdorfensis, le dinosaure theropode de Cuvier, du Jurassique de Normandie" type="journal article" year="2001">Allain 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The quite deep pleurocentral depression on each side of the vertebra is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D14B6872FB469B64" authorityName="Buckland" authorityYear="1822" box="[1032,1170,1044,1070]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D14B6872FB469B64" box="[1032,1170,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Megalosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as well as to other megalosauroids such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D6956853FB849B04" baseAuthorityName="Britt" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[982,1104,1077,1102]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Torvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D6956853FB849B04" box="[982,1104,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Torvosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D1CB6852FB239B04" author="BRITT B. B." box="[1160,1271,1076,1102]" firstAuthor="Britt" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University Geology Studies" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 72" part="37" refId="ref20699" refString="BRITT B. B. 1991. - Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 37: 1 - 72." title="Theropods of Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, late Jurassic), Colorado, with emphasis on the osteology of Torvosaurus tanneri" type="journal article" year="1991">Britt 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the posterior dorsals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D6DB6832FBD59B24" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[920,1025,1108,1134]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D6DB6832FBD59B24" box="[920,1025,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D1756832FB429B24" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Zhao" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1078,1174,1108,1134]" class="Reptilia" family="Sinraptoridae" genus="Sinraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1756832FB429B24" box="[1078,1174,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Sinraptor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, this structure is absent or less deep (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D6DE6812FBE79BC4" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[925,1075,1140,1166]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D1016812FAFD9BC4" author="CURRIE P. J. & ZHAO X. - J." box="[1090,1321,1140,1166]" firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="2037 - 2081" part="30" refId="ref21624" refString="CURRIE P. J. & ZHAO X. - J. 1994. - A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30 (10): 2037 - 2081. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 93 - 179" title="A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China" type="journal article" year="1994">Currie & Zhao 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Regarding the neural arch, the “ridge” present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D1FB68F2FA799BE4" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[1208,1453,1172,1198]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1FB68F2FA799BE4" box="[1208,1453,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Megalosaurus bucklandi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(OUMNH J.13577), which splits the “infrapostzygapophyseal” fossa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D62D68B2FC2E9BA4" author="BENSON R. B. J." box="[878,1018,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Benson" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="882 - 935" part="158" refId="ref20299" refString="BENSON R. B. J. 2010. - A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4): 882 - 935. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00569. x" title="A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods" type="journal article" year="2010">Benson 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), is also present and very similarly placed in MPV V869. This structure is the centropostzygapophyseal lamina anteriorly framing the centropostzygapophyseal fossa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D6756955FC159A07" author="WILSON J. A." box="[822,961,1331,1357]" firstAuthor="Wilson" journalOrPublisher="Journal ofVertebrate Paleontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="639 - 653" part="19" refId="ref23899" refString="WILSON J. A. 1999. - A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal ofVertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 639 - 653. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011178" title="A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1999">Wilson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE79602D68C6955FB479A07" author="WILSON J. A. & D'EMIC M. D. & IKEJIRI T. & MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A." box="[975,1171,1331,1357]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" journalOrPublisher="Plos One" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" pagination="e 17114" part="6" refId="ref23941" refString="WILSON J. A., D'EMIC M. D., IKEJIRI T., MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A. 2011. - A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs. Plos One 6 (2): e 17114. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / annotation / 53 a 56437 - a 810 - 4373 - baee- 16685 ec 20 b 2 f" title="A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
Wilson
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D1606952FB829A07" box="[1059,1110,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2011
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D6006935FA649AA7" blockId="21.[810,1457,215,1517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
On the basis of these new observations, the assignment to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D66F6915FC6A9AC7" authorityName="Currie & Zhao" authorityYear="1994" box="[812,958,1395,1421]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="407" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Allosauroidea">Allosauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
is less certain. The vertebra also bears similarities with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D6D269F5FB5F9AE7" authorityName="Mantell" authorityYear="1827" box="[913,1163,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D6D269F5FB5F9AE7" box="[913,1163,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Megalosaurus bucklandi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and other megalosauroids. Thus, MPV V869 may also belong to the latter group. As a result, the specimen is referred to an indeterminate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE79602D07C69B5FA789AA7" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[1343,1452,1491,1517]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D6686A74FC089966" box="[811,988,1554,1580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D6686A74FC089966" blockId="21.[811,988,1554,1580]" box="[811,988,1554,1580]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
<heading id="D0AC9A0EFFE79602D6686A74FC089966" box="[811,988,1554,1580]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" reason="8">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D6686A74FC089966" box="[811,988,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Caudal vertebrae</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE79602D66E6A54FB6998A1" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D66E6A54FB5B99A6" blockId="21.[811,1457,1586,1772]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D66E6A54FC449906" bold="true" box="[813,912,1586,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Material.</emphasis>
|
|
Anterior caudal vertebrae NMH2, anterior to middle caudal vertebra B7 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D1756A34FB509926" box="[1078,1156,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
|
). Successive middle caudal vertebrae
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D6D06A15FC1A99C7" box="[915,974,1651,1677]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D6906A14FBE299C6" box="[979,1078,1650,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D17C6A15FBAE99C7" box="[1087,1146,1651,1677]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D13C6A14FB0B99C6" box="[1151,1247,1650,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-08">2020.1.8</date>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D0526A15FA9899C7" box="[1297,1356,1651,1677]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D0126A14FA6599C7" box="[1361,1457,1650,1677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D6756AF4FC5199E6" box="[822,901,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
|
). Middle to posterior caudal vertebrae APVSM2 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D6756AD4FCAB9986" box="[822,895,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,669,686]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" captionTargetId="figure-688@24.[131,889,213,625]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D6D76AD5FC049987" box="[916,976,1715,1741]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
V795 and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D1076AD5FB549987" box="[1092,1152,1715,1741]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D1C66AD4FB339986" box="[1157,1255,1714,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-06">2020.1.6</date>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE79602D1B66AD4FAEB9986" box="[1269,1343,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
|
); terminal caudal vertebra
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D6966AB4FBC599A6" box="[981,1041,1746,1772]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D15B6AB4FB5F99A6" box="[1048,1163,1746,1772]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-12">2020.1.12</date>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE79602D66E6B77FB6998A1" blockId="21.[812,1457,1809,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE79602D66E6B77FC6F9861" bold="true" box="[813,955,1809,1835]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Stratigraphy.</emphasis>
|
|
Marnes de Dives, Callovian marls according to the Nicolet collection catalogue made by Max Bülow and Michel Rioult (NMH2). Oxfordian or Callovian marls (B7, APVSM2,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D6E16B14FC0A98C6" box="[930,990,1906,1932]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D6A76B17FB9D98C1" box="[996,1097,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D1106B14FB5B98C6" box="[1107,1167,1906,1932]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D1D66B17FB2D98C6" box="[1173,1273,1905,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D0476B14FA9498C6" box="[1284,1344,1906,1932]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D0056B17FA7E98C1" box="[1350,1450,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-06">2020.1.6</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D66F6BF4FCBC98E6" box="[812,872,1938,1964]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D6336BF7FC0698E1" box="[880,978,1937,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-08">2020.1.8</date>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D14F6BF4FB9C98E6" box="[1036,1096,1938,1964]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
V795). Oolithe Ferrugineuse de Villers according to the ferruginous ooliths of the matrix. Lower Oxfordian (
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4AB5A7FFE79602D6BB6BB7FBE198A1" box="[1016,1077,2001,2027]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jpzn-k4rk" name="Museo Paleontologico Municipal de Valencia" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">MPV</collectionCode>
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE79602D17F6BB7FB6598A1" box="[1084,1201,2001,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" value="2020-01-12">2020.1.12</date>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF247DEAFFE49601D5C76EC0FA8A9DAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" startId="22.[132,143,678,695]" targetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" targetPageId="22">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE49601D5C76EC0FA8A9DAE" blockId="22.[132,1456,678,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D1D76EC0FB759DFD" bold="true" box="[1172,1185,678,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">A</emphasis>
|
|
), posterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D0406EC0FAC49DFD" bold="true" box="[1283,1296,678,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">B</emphasis>
|
|
), left lateral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D03B6EC0FA529DFD" bold="true" box="[1400,1414,678,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">C</emphasis>
|
|
) and ventral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D5856EDBFF009D84" bold="true" box="[198,212,701,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">D</emphasis>
|
|
) views. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4D76EDBFE6E9D84" bold="true" box="[404,442,701,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">acdl</emphasis>
|
|
, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D7B76EDBFCDF9D84" bold="true" box="[756,779,701,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">po</emphasis>
|
|
, postzygapophysis;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D6F46EDBFC1E9D84" bold="true" box="[951,970,701,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">pr</emphasis>
|
|
, prezygapophysis;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D12E6EDBFB489D84" bold="true" box="[1133,1180,701,718]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">prcdf</emphasis>
|
|
, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4426EB5FEFC9DAE" bold="true" box="[257,296,723,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">spof</emphasis>
|
|
, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D77C6EB5FDB69DAE" bold="true" box="[575,610,723,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">sprf</emphasis>
|
|
, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D62C6EB5FC559DAE" bold="true" box="[879,897,723,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">tp</emphasis>
|
|
, transverse process;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D1776EB5FB9D9DAE" bold="true" box="[1076,1097,723,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">vg</emphasis>
|
|
, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE49601D5C76F53FB919907" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE49601D5C76F53FEB39A44" blockId="22.[131,776,821,1294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D5C76F53FF309C05" bold="true" box="[132,228,821,847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">NMH2.</emphasis>
|
|
This vertebra from the Nicolet collection was already described by Buffetaut in 1994. It was interpreted as an anterior caudal vertebra belonging to an indeterminate theropod. One of the remarkable features of the specimen is the “triangular depression” posterior to the prezygapophyses (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D59F6FB2FE5B9CA4" author="BUFFETAUT E." box="[220,399,980,1006]" firstAuthor="Buffetaut" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin d'Information des Geologues du Bassin de Paris" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="9 - 12" part="31" refId="ref20907" refString="BUFFETAUT E. 1994 b. - Restes de dinosaures du Callovien des Vaches Noires (Calvados) appartenant a la collection Nicolet (Houlgate). Bulletin d'Information des Geologues du Bassin de Paris 31 (2): 9 - 12." title="Restes de dinosaures du Callovien des Vaches Noires (Calvados) appartenant a la collection Nicolet (Houlgate)" type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Buffetaut 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). This structure is laterally framed by a thick anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina and dorsally by the prezygodiapophyseal lamina and could be identified as the prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D7FB6852FF239B24" author="WILSON J. A. & D'EMIC M. D. & IKEJIRI T. & MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" journalOrPublisher="Plos One" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="e 17114" part="6" refId="ref23941" refString="WILSON J. A., D'EMIC M. D., IKEJIRI T., MOACDIEH E. M. & WHITLOCK J. A. 2011. - A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs. Plos One 6 (2): e 17114. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / annotation / 53 a 56437 - a 810 - 4373 - baee- 16685 ec 20 b 2 f" title="A Nomenclature for Vertebral Fossae in Sauropods and Other Saurischian Dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|
Wilson
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D5C76833FF6C9B24" box="[132,184,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2011
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Its position, like that of the transverse process; is quite posterior. The anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina is reduced and the fossa absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D4A968F2FF2B9B84" authority="(Sadleir et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Sadleir" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4A968F2FD789BE4" box="[490,684,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Eustreptospondylus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D7FE68F2FF209B84" author="SADLEIR R. W. & BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sadleir" journalOrPublisher="Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 82" part="160" refId="ref23616" refString="SADLEIR R. W., BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P. 2008. - The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 160: 1 - 82." title="The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Sadleir
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D5C768D3FF639B84" box="[132,183,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. These structures are not visible in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D72C68D2FD0E9B84" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[623,730,1204,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D72C68D2FD0E9B84" box="[623,730,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Allosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but very similar to the condition in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D4A568B2FCDC9BA4" authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1923" box="[486,776,1236,1262]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Metriacanthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4A568B2FCDC9BA4" box="[486,776,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Metriacanthosaurus parkeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(OUM.J.12144/11).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE49601D5C76955FB129BA4" blockId="22.[130,777,1331,2028]" lastBlockId="22.[810,1457,821,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D5C76955FF7E9A07" bold="true" box="[132,170,1331,1357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">B7.</emphasis>
|
|
The vertebra is quite well preserved (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D75F6955FDB69A07" box="[540,610,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig.16</figureCitation>
|
|
). The transverse process and the right prezygapophysis are broken, but their bases are still visible, as is the neural spine. The left anterior part of the centrum seems inflated and is shattered so that it forms a protuberance (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D42D69D5FE1E9A87" box="[366,458,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
|
). The centrum is
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE49601D73969D5FD079A87" box="[634,723,1459,1486]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
|
long and
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE49601D5F169B5FED69AA7" box="[178,258,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide. Following
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D48269B5FDBC9AA7" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[449,616,1491,1517]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, these proportions match the caudal vertebra of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D4B56995FD7F9947" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[502,683,1523,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4B56995FD7F9947" box="[502,683,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
anterior to the thirtieth. Indeed, posterior to this position the centra become significantly more elongated so that they become twice as long as wide. Moreover, the neural arch is quite high and not flattened, supporting an anterior positioning of the specimen. The centrum is still longer than high (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D7C66AF4FD3799E6" box="[645,739,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
|
) in contrast with the anterior caudal vertebrae (until about the seventh). Although incomplete, the neural spine seems quite thick Therefore, B7 should be located between the seventh and sixteenth vertebrae, more posteriorly than NMH2. The centrum is platycoelous and ventrally concave. The ventral face bears a groove limited laterally by two thin ridges of bone, as well as chevron facets anteriorly and posteriorly (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D7D66B17FD2D98C6" box="[661,761,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The neural canal is subtriangular, laterally compressed in its ventral part by an enlargement of the pedicels of the neural arch. This is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D4306BB7FDF198A1" authorityName="Allain" authorityYear="2005" box="[371,549,2001,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Dubreuillosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D4306BB7FDF198A1" box="[371,549,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Dubreuillosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D71A6BB7FC9D9C05" box="[601,841,821,2027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Eustreptospondylus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D61B6F53FBCC9C05" author="SADLEIR R. W. & BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P." box="[856,1048,821,847]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sadleir" journalOrPublisher="Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 82" part="160" refId="ref23616" refString="SADLEIR R. W., BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P. 2008. - The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 160: 1 - 82." title="The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Sadleir
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D6EB6F50FC0F9C05" box="[936,987,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). A thick anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina as well as a fossa reminiscent of NMH2, are visible. The transverse processes seem quite posteriorly and horizontally oriented. The left prezygapophysis bears a mediodorsally inclined facet. The spinoprezygapophyseal laminae are well defined and nearly horizontal. They are posteriorly oriented and merge with the base of the neural spine, forming a deep horizontal spinoprezygapophyseal fossa. The postzygapophyses are well preserved and bear lateroventrallymediolaterally inclined subrectangular facets (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D1276832FB699B25" box="[1124,1213,1108,1135]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,678,695]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,635]" captionTargetId="figure-728@22.[131,889,213,635]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 16. — Specimen B7, anterior caudal vertebra of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapo- physeal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig.16B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The postzygapophyses frame the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa anteriorly. The latter is vertical, in contrast with the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa. The neural spine, of which only the base is preserved, is quite posteriorly located on the neural arch.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE49601D6006895FB919907" blockId="22.[810,1457,821,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
Both specimens bear similar features such as the “triangular depression” already noticed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D1316975FAE39A64" author="BUFFETAUT E." box="[1138,1335,1299,1326]" firstAuthor="Buffetaut" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin d'Information des Geologues du Bassin de Paris" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="9 - 12" part="31" refId="ref20907" refString="BUFFETAUT E. 1994 b. - Restes de dinosaures du Callovien des Vaches Noires (Calvados) appartenant a la collection Nicolet (Houlgate). Bulletin d'Information des Geologues du Bassin de Paris 31 (2): 9 - 12." title="Restes de dinosaures du Callovien des Vaches Noires (Calvados) appartenant a la collection Nicolet (Houlgate)" type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Buffetaut (1994b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Therefore, these two vertebrae should belong to closely allied taxa. It is also possible that they belong to the same individual. A precise positioning of these specimens is not possible considering the number of caudal vertebrae of a theropod.
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D1B169F5FA7B9AE7" box="[1266,1455,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D1B169F5FA7E9AE7" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1266,1450,1427,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">Allosaurus fragilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
like many other theropods such as basal
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D19169D5FA949A87" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[1234,1344,1459,1485]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, has about fifty (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D62B69B5FB9B9AA7" author="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J." box="[872,1103,1491,1517]" firstAuthor="Allain" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="1107 - 1121" part="45" refId="ref19864" refString="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J. 2002. - Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1107 - 1121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00277" title="Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy" type="journal article" year="2002">Allain & Chure 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Regarding the significant morphological variation within a theropod tail (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE49601D0496995FA4B9947" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[1290,1439,1523,1549]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), a taxonomic assignment for an isolated specimen cannot be precise beyond
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE49601D6916A55FB959907" authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1986" box="[978,1089,1587,1613]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="396" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tetanurae">Tetanurae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFE4960FD66E6A14FDD89A47" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE49600D66E6A14FB7E9AA7" blockId="22.[811,1456,1650,2028]" lastBlockId="23.[811,1457,1363,1517]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE49601D66E6A14FB6899C6" bold="true" box="[813,1212,1650,1676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
|
|
MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE49601D6336A14FC0399C6" box="[880,983,1650,1676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE49601D6A06A14FB9E99C6" box="[995,1098,1650,1676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" value="2020-01-08">2020.1.8</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE49601D1156A14FB6899C6" box="[1110,1212,1650,1676]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
. These three vertebrae are anatomically successive and thus they are interpreted as belonging to the same individual (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D1E86AD4FAE69987" box="[1195,1330,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 17D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, they were not found at the same time and place at the bottom of the cliffs by the Pennetier family. The matrix, the shape and the size as well as apposition of postzygapophyses to prezygapophyses and articular facets clearly indicate their connection. Their right side is covered with serpulids. MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE49601D62D6B17FC0698C1" box="[878,978,1905,1931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
is the better preserved, its neural arch being clearly observable (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE49601D6BD6BF7FBAB98E6" box="[1022,1151,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Only the base of the right transverse process, the neural spine and right prezygapophysis remain. The neural arches of MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE49601D1956BB7FAEF98A1" box="[1238,1339,2001,2027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" value="2020-01-08">2020.1.8</date>
|
|
and MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE59600D5C76935FF3C9A24" box="[132,232,1363,1390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
are quite eroded. Both have quite well preserved prezygapophyses but not postzygapophyses, the common base of which is not visible. These 3 vertebrae have slightly amphicoelous centra which are almost twice longer than wide. The size of the centrum gradually decreases slightly along the series. Their ventral face bears a
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE59600D72C6995FD169947" box="[623,706,1523,1549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
|
to
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFE59600D7AF6995FF669967" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
|
longitudinal groove (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE59600D4DD6A74FE2B9967" box="[414,511,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The neural arch is flattened as compared to B7, but still well developed. As in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE59600D5C56A34FD039926" authority="Eudes-Deslongchamp, 1837" authorityName="Eudes-Deslongchamp" authorityYear="1837" box="[134,727,1618,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Poekilopleuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucklandi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D5C56A34FE469926" box="[134,402,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Poekilopleuron bucklandi</emphasis>
|
|
Eudes-Deslongchamp, 1837
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the transverse processes are in the posterior half of the vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D5CD6AF4FE5199E6" author="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J." box="[142,389,1682,1708]" firstAuthor="Allain" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1107 - 1121" part="45" refId="ref19864" refString="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J. 2002. - Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1107 - 1121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00277" title="Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy" type="journal article" year="2002">Allain & Chure 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The spinoprezygapophyseal and spinopostzygapophyseal fossae (the latter is only visible on MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE59600D5896AB4FEE499A6" box="[202,304,1746,1772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
) have a similar shape as in B7 which suggests a posterior development of the neural spine. The presence of transverse processes indicates that these vertebrae are anterior to the “transition point” as defined by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D7F86B57FF069826" author="RUSSELL D. A." firstAuthor="Russell" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="375 - 402" part="9" refId="ref23571" refString="RUSSELL D. A. 1972. - Ostrich Dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 9 (4): 375 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / e 72 - 031" title="Ostrich Dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="journal article" year="1972">Russell (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. These structures are absent posterior to this point. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE59600D5E66B17FEB598C1" baseAuthorityName="Madsen" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[165,353,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D5E66B17FEB598C1" box="[165,353,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, it corresponds to the twenty-seventh vertebra (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D5AC6BF7FE5C98E1" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[239,392,1937,1963]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D4DB6BF7FD5D98E1" author="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J." box="[408,649,1937,1963]" firstAuthor="Allain" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1107 - 1121" part="45" refId="ref19864" refString="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J. 2002. - Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1107 - 1121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00277" title="Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy" type="journal article" year="2002">Allain & Chure 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Based on the quite elongated centra as well as the rather low neural arches, these bones should be placed between the sixteenth and twenty-seventh vertebrae. The quite high position of the diapophyses could restrict the interval to the first twenty vertebrae. However, this positioning is questionable because of the isolated nature of the bones as well as the morphological variation within theropods.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF247DEAFFE59600D5C768A4FDD19A5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" startId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" targetPageId="23">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE59600D5C768A4FDD19A5D" blockId="23.[132,1457,1218,1303]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
|
|
FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D5CA68BFFF429BA0" bold="true" box="[137,150,1241,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">A</emphasis>
|
|
), posterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D5BB68BFFED19BA0" bold="true" box="[248,261,1241,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">B</emphasis>
|
|
) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D7C068BFFD459BA0" bold="true" box="[643,657,1241,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C</emphasis>
|
|
) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D1AA68BFFB239BA0" bold="true" box="[1257,1271,1241,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">D</emphasis>
|
|
) and ventral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D02568BFFAA69BA0" bold="true" box="[1382,1394,1241,1258]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">E</emphasis>
|
|
) views. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D4426896FECC9A4B" bold="true" box="[257,280,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">po</emphasis>
|
|
, postzygapophysis;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D4866896FE0C9A4B" bold="true" box="[453,472,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">pr</emphasis>
|
|
, prezygapophyse;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D7346896FD579A4B" bold="true" box="[631,643,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">ri</emphasis>
|
|
, ridges;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D78F6896FD279A4B" bold="true" box="[716,755,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">spof</emphasis>
|
|
, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D1486896FBFA9A4B" bold="true" box="[1035,1070,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">sprf</emphasis>
|
|
, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D07F6896FA9A9A4B" bold="true" box="[1340,1358,1264,1281]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">tp</emphasis>
|
|
, transverse process;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D5926960FF329A5D" bold="true" box="[209,230,1286,1303]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">vg</emphasis>
|
|
, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFE5960FD66E6A74FE819CE5" blockId="23.[811,1455,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="24.[131,775,789,943]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D66E6A74FC4B9966" bold="true" box="[813,927,1554,1580]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">APVSM2.</emphasis>
|
|
the vertebra is quite eroded, especially on its right lateral side. Thus, most of the preserved structures are worn (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE59600D6756A34FC549926" box="[822,896,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,669,686]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" captionTargetId="figure-688@24.[131,889,213,625]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
|
). The bases of the pre- and postzygapophyses as well as the left transverse process are visible (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE59600D1886A14FA9299C7" box="[1227,1350,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,669,686]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" captionTargetId="figure-688@24.[131,889,213,625]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 18A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Only an abraded ridge -different from a natural bone surface- allows to discern the placement of the neural spine. The specimen has the same dimensions as MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE59600D1D06AB4FB2199A6" box="[1171,1269,1746,1772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" value="2020-01-08">2020.1.8</date>
|
|
but is larger than MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFE59600D62D6A94FC009847" box="[878,980,1778,1805]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
, which indicates a different individual. The centrum is highly concave posteriorly and does not bear a ventral groove (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE59600D69A6B57FBEB9806" box="[985,1087,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,669,686]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" captionTargetId="figure-688@24.[131,889,213,625]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
|
), as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFE59600D1CC6B57FC609826" authority="(Sadleir et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Sadleir" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Eustreptospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D1CC6B57FA809801" box="[1167,1364,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Eustreptospondylus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D0276B57FC7C9826" author="SADLEIR R. W. & BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sadleir" journalOrPublisher="Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 82" part="160" refId="ref23616" refString="SADLEIR R. W., BARRETT P. M. & POWELL P. 2008. - The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 160: 1 - 82." title="The Anatomy and Systematics of Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis, a Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic from Oxfordshire, England" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
|
Sadleir
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFE59600D66E6B34FCB09821" box="[813,868,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This structure is, however, present in many theropods on their caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFE59600D1926B17FABF98C1" author="MADSEN J. H. A." box="[1233,1387,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 163" part="109" refId="ref22910" refString="MADSEN J. H. A. 1976. - Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Bulletin 109: 1 - 163." title="Allosaurus fragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The neural arch is also different from that of the previous specimens. What remains of the base of the transverse process indicates a low position, below the neural canal (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFE59600D07C6BB7FA7598A1" box="[1343,1441,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,669,686]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" captionTargetId="figure-688@24.[131,889,213,625]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophyse; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
|
). This is similar to caudal vertebrae just before the “transition point” (
|
|
<quantity id="4CA38087FFEA960FD4536F53FE599C05" box="[272,397,821,848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="22.0">22 to 26 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5B56E1FFEA960FD4D56F53FF6A9C25" authority="Allain & Chure 2002" authorityName="Allain & Chure" authorityYear="2002" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD4D56F53FD859C05" box="[406,593,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Allosaurus fragilis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5093FFEA960FD71A6F53FF6A9C25" author="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J." firstAuthor="Allain" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" pagination="1107 - 1121" part="45" refId="ref19864" refString="ALLAIN R. & CHURE D. J. 2002. - Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy. Palaeontology 45 (6): 1107 - 1121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00277" title="Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy" type="journal article" year="2002">Allain & Chure 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). In contrast with the posterior position of the neural spine in MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD4686F13FE459CC5" box="[299,401,885,911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
, 8, 5, here it seems to expand all along the vertebra.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF247DEAFFEA960FD5C76EFBFF0E9D96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391278/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" startId="24.[132,143,669,686]" targetBox="[131,1456,213,625]" targetPageId="24">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFEA960FD5C76EFBFF0E9D96" blockId="24.[132,1455,669,732]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">
|
|
FIG. 18. — Specimen APVM2, caudal vertebrae of an indeterminate tetanuran from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD1CC6EFBFB489DE4" bold="true" box="[1167,1180,669,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">A</emphasis>
|
|
), posterior (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD1BC6EFBFAD89DE4" bold="true" box="[1279,1292,669,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">B</emphasis>
|
|
), left lateral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD03B6EFBFA529DE4" bold="true" box="[1400,1414,669,686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">C</emphasis>
|
|
) and ventral (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD5856ED2FF009D8F" bold="true" box="[198,212,692,709]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">D</emphasis>
|
|
) views. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD4D06ED2FE7E9D8F" bold="true" box="[403,426,692,709]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">po</emphasis>
|
|
, postzygapophyse;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD7126ED2FDAC9D8F" bold="true" box="[593,632,692,709]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">spof</emphasis>
|
|
, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD6CD6ED2FC659D8F" bold="true" box="[910,945,692,709]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">sprf</emphasis>
|
|
, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa;
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD1FE6ED2FB1B9D8F" bold="true" box="[1213,1231,692,709]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">tp</emphasis>
|
|
, transverse process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFEA960FD5C76FB3FDD89A47" blockId="24.[131,777,980,1612]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92FF170FFEA960FD5C76FB3FE3F9CA4" bold="true" box="[132,491,980,1007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">
|
|
MPV V795 and MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD4C06FB2FE3F9CA4" box="[387,491,980,1006]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-06">2020.1.6</date>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
. these vertebrae are quite damaged and cracked on the neural arch. Thus, a detailed description is not possible, and they are not figured. MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD5C06852FF3D9B04" box="[131,233,1076,1102]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-06">2020.1.6</date>
|
|
is the better preserved. Like APVSM2, there is no ventral groove on the centrum. They present ridges or crests more or less notable instead of true transverse processes (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136031E7FFEA960FD59568F2FEE99BE4" box="[214,317,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1218,1235]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-423@23.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 17. — Indeterminates tetanuran caudal vertebrae of the former Pennetier collection from Callovian or Oxfordian marls. Specimen MPV 2020.1.4 in anterior (A), posterior (B) views.MPV 2020.1.6 specimen in left lateral (C) view.Successive caudal vertebrae MPV 2020.1.4, 8 and 5 in left lateral (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: po, postzygapophysis; pr, prezygapophyse; ri, ridges; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tp, transverse process; vg, ventral groove. Scale bars: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
|
). These are eroded but allow to position the vertebrae after the “transition point”. However, MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD5C768B2FF3E9BA4" box="[132,234,1236,1262]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-06">2020.1.6</date>
|
|
is larger than MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD48A68B5FDFA9BA4" box="[457,558,1235,1262]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-05">2020.1.5</date>
|
|
and APVSM2, and thus it indicates a third individual.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3417EE9FFEA960FD5D86975FF2A9906" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE42D62FFEA960FD5D86975FF2A9906" blockId="24.[131,777,980,1612]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">
|
|
Finally, the analysis of all these specimens suggests that there are at least 3 individuals. The variable morphology of vertebrae along a caudal series does not allow to determine whether they belong to different taxa. However, some specific features on some of the vertebrae, such as the ventral groove of MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD47D69D5FE729A87" box="[318,422,1459,1485]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-04">2020.1.4</date>
|
|
, 8, 5, support that hypothesis. At least, MPV
|
|
<date id="FFE50BA2FFEA960FD47369B5FE719AA7" box="[304,421,1491,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" value="2020-01-12">2020.1.12</date>
|
|
from the Oolithe Ferrugineuse de Villers, the stratigraphic origin of which is different from that of the other caudal vertebrae, indicates a fourth individual.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |