treatments-xml/data/03/F2/87/03F287F8FFAAFFA6C8A4C7F8FF61BF5B.xml

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<mods:title>Miniaturization in Direct-Developing Frogs from Mexico with the Description of Six New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jameson, Tom J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Streicher, Jeffrey W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Manuelli, Luigi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Head, Jason J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Eric N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Herpetological Monographs</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-04-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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<subSubSection box="[953,1356,385,409]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="34.[953,1356,385,409]" box="[953,1356,385,409]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<heading box="[953,1356,385,409]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="(Taylor 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[953,1356,385,409]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[953,1197,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[1212,1349,385,409]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="349 - 363" part="39" refId="ref39263" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1936 [1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 39: 349 - 363." title="[1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico" type="journal article" year="1936">Taylor 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="UIMNH" country="Mexico" location="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="UIMNH 16125" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Taylor 1936: 352" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1937" box="[820,1364,431,455]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<originalDetermination box="[820,1316,431,455]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[820,1151,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Eleutherodactylus pygmaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, E. H." box="[1170,1364,431,455]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science" page="352" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="349 - 363" part="39" refId="ref39263" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1936 [1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 39: 349 - 363." title="[1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico" type="journal article" year="1936">Taylor 1936:352</bibRefCitation>
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype 
<specimenCount box="[868,943,460,484]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[968,1153,460,484]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">UIMNH 16125</specimenCode>
) from ‘‘one mile north of Rodriguez Clara, Veracrux, 
<collectingCountry box="[1180,1264,489,513]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.’’ [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="FMNH" country="Mexico" determinerName="Microbatrachylus albolabris Taylor 1940" location="Veracruz" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="FMNH 100071" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Veracruz">
<taxonomicName authority="Taylor 1940: 502" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1940" box="[820,1363,519,543]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Microbatrachylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albolabris">
<determinerName box="[820,1315,519,543]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[820,1149,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Microbatrachylus albolabris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, E. H." box="[1167,1363,519,543]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" page="502" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="489 - 571" part="26" refId="ref39294" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1940. Herpetological miscellany No. I. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 26: 489 - 571." title="Herpetological miscellany No. I" type="journal article" year="1940">Taylor 1940:502</bibRefCitation>
</determinerName>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype 
<specimenCount box="[868,943,548,572]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[968,1154,548,572]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">FMNH 100071</specimenCode>
) from ‘‘two miles west of Córdoba, 
<collectingRegion box="[979,1081,578,601]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1094,1178,577,601]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.’’ [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[820,1433,607,631]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" box="[820,1433,607,631]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName authority="(Taylor)" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[820,1234,607,631]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Microbatrachylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[820,1133,607,631]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Microbatrachylus pygmaeus</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[1246,1429,607,631]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" page="500" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="489 - 571" part="26" refId="ref39294" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1940. Herpetological miscellany No. I. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 26: 489 - 571." title="Herpetological miscellany No. I" type="journal article" year="1940">Taylor 1940:500</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="FMNH" country="Mexico" location="Guerrero" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="FMNH 100323" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guerrero">
<taxonomicName authority="Taylor 1940: 507" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="507" authorityYear="1940" box="[820,1312,636,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Microbatrachylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
<originalDetermination box="[820,1266,636,660]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[820,1119,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Microbatrachylus minimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, E. H." box="[1129,1312,636,660]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" page="507" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="489 - 571" part="26" refId="ref39294" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1940. Herpetological miscellany No. I. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 26: 489 - 571." title="Herpetological miscellany No. I" type="journal article" year="1940">Taylor 1940:507</bibRefCitation>
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype 
<specimenCount box="[1436,1489,636,660]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="male">male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[875,1056,666,690]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">FMNH 100323</specimenCode>
) from ‘‘Agua del Obispo, 
<collectingRegion box="[1380,1486,666,690]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[868,952,695,719]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.’’ [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="Chiapas" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="USNM 115508" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
<taxonomicName authority="Taylor 1942: 70" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1942" box="[820,1291,724,748]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Microbatrachylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">
<originalDetermination box="[820,1258,724,748]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis box="[820,1112,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Microbatrachylus imitator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, E. H." box="[1121,1291,724,748]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" page="70" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="67 - 89" part="28" refId="ref39344" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1942. New tailless Amphibia from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 28: 67 - 89." title="New tailless Amphibia from Mexico" type="journal article" year="1942">Taylor 1942:70</bibRefCitation>
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus box="[1303,1406,724,748]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[1415,1489,724,748]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[875,1050,753,778]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">USNM 115508</specimenCode>
) from ‘‘La Esperanza, 
<collectingRegion box="[1325,1416,753,777]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.’’ [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,431,865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName authority="(Taylor)" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[820,1205,812,836]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[820,1087,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Crawford, A. J. &amp; E. N. Smith" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" pagination="536 - 555" refId="ref35831" refString="Crawford, A. J., and E. N. Smith. 2005. Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 536 - 555." type="journal article" year="2005">Crawford and Smith 2005:536</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,892,2002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,977,892,916]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
—Based on 
<specimenCount box="[1140,1309,892,916]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
. Aspecies of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[820,944,922,945]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[820,944,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Craugastor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) small adult size (mean SVL 
<emphasis box="[1288,1308,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">¼</emphasis>
<quantity box="[1315,1411,951,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
[SD 
<emphasis box="[1469,1489,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">¼</emphasis>
1.77], 
<emphasis box="[894,940,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">n ¼</emphasis>
29); (2) full ossification of skeletal elements in adults; (3) lack of posterolateral projection of frontoparietal; (4) lack of vomerine odontophores; (5) presence or absence of raised tubercles on eyelids; (6) supratympanic fold absent or poorly developed; (7) face flank barred canthus and jaws (rarely dark and blotched), no canthal stripe; (8) one (or two fused) postrictal tubercles; (9) gular region pigmentation present or absent; (10) dorsal surface two-toned usually with dark suprascapular ^^shape, or striped and with pale middorsal stripe; (11) variable middorsal ridge; (12) dorsum smooth or with only some large scattered tubercles; (13) body flank barred darker anteriorly, slightly shagreened to smooth; (14) inguinal glands present and axillary glands absent in adults; (15) when leg adpressed to body, heel reaches between eye and slightly beyond tip of snout; (16) outer tarsal ridge smooth, no raised fringe; (17) finger and toe pads round, expanded; (18) inner metatarsal tubercle larger than outer metatarsal tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,892,2002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,1013,1508,1532]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Comparisons.</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1040,1283,1508,1532]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[1040,1283,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from 
<emphasis box="[935,1442,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[935,1125,1537,1561]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="candelariensis">C. candelariensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1136,1250,1537,1561]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cueyatl">C. cueyatl</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1261,1438,1537,1561]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hobartsmithi">C. hobartsmithi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[820,996,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portilloensis">
<emphasis box="[820,996,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. portilloensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by equal sizes of the inner and outer metatarsal tubercles (unequal sizes in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1253,1398,1596,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[1253,1398,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It can be differentiated from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1105,1266,1626,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">C. mexicanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[1288,1442,1626,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">C. montanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omiltemanus">C. omiltemanus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[977,1131,1655,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polaclavus">C. polaclavus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1145,1269,1655,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubinus">C. rubinus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1334,1452,1655,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis box="[1334,1452,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a posterolateral projection of the frontoparietal (absent in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1038,1194,1713,1737]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
C. 
<emphasis box="[1082,1194,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1194,1201,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">;</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[1219,1332,1713,1737]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[142,156,926,945]" captionTargetBox="[118,1493,188,904]" captionTargetId="figure-570@26.[118,1494,187,905]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 26.—Skulls of ‘Microbatrachylus lineatissimus’ (A, paratype, FMNH 104548), Craugastor mexicanus (B, UTA A-56558) and C. pygmaeus (C, UTA A- 64272) in dorsal and lateral views. Posterolateral projection of the frontoparietal on C. mexicanus (B) is indicated by an arrow and grey shading. A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518639/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1158,1295,1743,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitonium">
<emphasis box="[1158,1295,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. bitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in morphology, osteology, and genetic distance), but may be differentiated from this taxon by the condition of the outer tarsal ridge, which is smooth in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1041,1186,1831,1854]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[1041,1186,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 1–6 small tubercles in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[850,983,1860,1884]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitonium">
<emphasis box="[850,983,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C. bitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="34.[820,1490,892,2002]" lastBlockId="35.[142,813,1093,2001]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[846,997,1889,1913]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
—In previous literature, described as smallbodied (‘‘diminutive’’) and short-limbed, with unequal inner and outer metatarsal tubercle sizes; distinct subarticular tubercles; barely visible supernumerary tubercles; no vomerine odontophores (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[419,555,1093,1117]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" pagination="349 - 363" part="39" refId="ref39263" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1936 [1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 39: 349 - 363." title="[1937]. New species of amphibia from Mexico" type="journal article" year="1936">Taylor 1936</bibRefCitation>
); rounded canthus; two palmar tubercles (
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[346,485,1124,1148]" firstAuthor="Taylor" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" pagination="67 - 89" part="28" refId="ref39344" refString="Taylor, E. H. 1942. New tailless Amphibia from Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 28: 67 - 89." title="New tailless Amphibia from Mexico" type="journal article" year="1942">Taylor 1942</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection box="[27,778,2060,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="34.[27,876,2060,2097]" box="[27,778,2060,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 
<date box="[670,778,2061,2078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" value="2022-05-04">04 May 2022</date>
</paragraph>
</subSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518653/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" startId="35.[166,180,982,1001]" targetBox="[349,1308,187,960]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph blockId="35.[142,1515,981,1049]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
FIG. 33.—Male 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[308,501,982,1001]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[308,501,982,1001]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, UTA A-64283, SVL 
<emphasis box="[720,736,981,1001]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
14.6 mm, photo by Matthew Ingrasci) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (B, UTA A-64262, SVL 
<emphasis box="[189,205,1005,1025]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
13.7 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (C, UTA A-64266, SVL 
<emphasis box="[799,815,1005,1025]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
17.0 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; male (D, UTA A-64263, SVL 
<emphasis box="[1395,1411,1005,1025]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
12.4) from Guerrero, Mexico. Acolor version of this figure is available online.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="35.[142,813,1093,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus box="[174,277,1155,1179]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode box="[294,393,1155,1179]" collectionName="UIMNH" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">UIMNH</collectionCode>
16125) ~ 
<quantity box="[508,587,1155,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
SVL. Among select specimens that we examined, we observed short, rounded snout (naris–snout 
<emphasis box="[361,381,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
<quantity box="[393,497,1216,1240]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.78">0.78 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode box="[512,548,1216,1240]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">SD</collectionCode>
<emphasis box="[559,579,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
0.14, 
<emphasis box="[655,701,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">n ¼</emphasis>
29; 5.8% 
<collectionCode box="[142,194,1246,1270]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">SVL</collectionCode>
); long eye–nostril distance (
<quantity box="[511,615,1246,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1.19">1.19 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode box="[629,665,1246,1270]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">SD</collectionCode>
<emphasis box="[674,694,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
0.24, 
<emphasis box="[768,812,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">n ¼</emphasis>
29; 8.9% 
<collectionCode box="[246,298,1276,1300]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">SVL</collectionCode>
); some specimens with single palmar tubercle; relative finger lengths III&gt; IV&gt; II 
<emphasis box="[550,570,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[578,589,1307,1330]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
; relative toe lengths IV &lt;III &lt;
<collectionCode box="[270,287,1338,1361]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&lt;II &lt;
<collectionCode box="[377,388,1338,1361]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
; color pattern in life variable (
<figureCitation box="[719,800,1337,1361]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[166,180,982,1001]" captionTargetBox="[349,1308,187,960]" captionTargetId="figure-527@35.[348,1309,187,961]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 33.—Male Craugastor pygmaeus (A, UTA A-64283, SVL ¼ 14.6 mm, photo by Matthew Ingrasci) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (B, UTA A-64262, SVL ¼ 13.7 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (C, UTA A-64266, SVL ¼ 17.0 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; male (D, UTA A-64263, SVL ¼ 12.4) from Guerrero, Mexico. A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518653/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="35.[142,813,1093,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,326,1368,1392]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
—Widely distributed throughout lowland to intermediate localities in the states of Chiapas, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Veracruz (also possibly Tabasco, Mexico, and western Guatemala) from near sea level to 
<quantity box="[630,714,1459,1483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation box="[730,799,1459,1483]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[166,180,657,676]" captionTargetBox="[142,817,180,644]" captionTargetId="figure-472@11.[143,812,187,636]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6.—Distribution of Craugastor mexicanus, C. montanus, C. pygmaeus, and C. saltator in Mexico and Guatemala. Dots inside symbols indicate individuals used in the molecular analyses in this study. Relevant type localities are indicated by text and arrows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518676/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Canseco Marquez, L. &amp; M. G. Gutierrez Mayen" box="[142,692,1490,1514]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" refId="ref35670" refString="Canseco Marquez, L., and M. G. Gutierrez Mayen. 2010. Anfibios y Reptiles del Valle Tehuacan-Cuicatlan. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Mexico." type="book" year="2010">Canseco Márquez and Gutiérrez Mayén (2010)</bibRefCitation>
report 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the forests adjacent to the Tehuacán– Cuicatlán Valley in Puebla and Oaxaca. The western range edge of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[254,409,1581,1605]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[254,409,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncertain; we examined 
<specimenCount pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(UTA A-66131) a male with pigmented testes, from San Vicente de Benitez (
<geoCoordinate box="[507,640,1641,1666]" degrees="17.290618" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="17.290619">17.290618N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[658,808,1641,1665]" degrees="100.279558" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="-100.27956">100.279558W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[142,221,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.51" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="951.0">951 m</quantity>
), Guerrero, collected 
<date box="[487,651,1672,1696]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" value="2004-06-17">17 June 2004</date>
, that appears referable to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[281,426,1703,1726]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[281,426,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="35.[142,813,1093,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,230,1733,1757]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Diet.</emphasis>
—One male specimen (UTA A-64263, determined by the presence of pigmented testes), was found to contain ants (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[203,333,1794,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
) in its stomach.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[142,813,1093,2001]" lastBlockId="35.[844,1514,1093,1567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,345,1825,1849]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Phylogenetics.</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[371,619,1826,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[371,619,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was inferred to be the sister taxon of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[391,526,1856,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitonium">
<emphasis box="[391,526,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. bitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with high support in the concatenated analyses (ML 
<emphasis box="[449,469,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
99; BAYES 
<emphasis box="[605,625,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
1.0; 
<figureCitation box="[679,744,1886,1910]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[142,156,1857,1876]" captionTargetBox="[295,1312,189,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[294,1312,187,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3.—Concatenated Maximum Likelihood analyses of two mitochondrial (12S and 16S) and two nuclear (RAG1 and TYR) gene fragments sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 2230 base pairs). Node values correspond to bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood analysis and posterior probabilities from a Bayesian analysis of the same data set, respectively. Support values are not reported for nodes that had,50/0.50. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, HID ¼ Hidalgo, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518593/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This sister relationship was also recovered in both mtDNA and nDNA analyses, although with lower support in the nDNAonly analyses (ML 
<emphasis box="[366,386,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
54, BAYES 
<emphasis box="[541,561,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">¼</emphasis>
0.67; 
<figureCitation box="[639,718,1977,2001]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[166,180,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[142,1514,192,1686]" captionTargetId="figure-77@9.[142,1518,189,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4.—Maximum Likelihood analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 1047 base pairs). Black circles indicate nodes receiving bootstrap support values.90 from the Maximum Likelihood analysis and 0.90 posterior probabilities in corresponding Bayesian analyses. Where posterior probabilities were.0.90 but Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support was,90, a number indicates the bootstrap support. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, HID ¼ Hidalgo, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518597/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[783,798,1977,2001]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[142,156,1604,1623]" captionTargetBox="[118,1493,187,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-138@10.[118,1494,187,1582]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5.—Maximum Likelihood analysis of nuclear DNA (nDNA) markers sequenced from the Craugastor mexicanus series (total of 1183 base pairs). Black circles indicate nodes receiving bootstrap support values.90 from the Maximum Likelihood analysis and 0.90 posterior probabilities in corresponding Bayesian analyses. Where posterior probabilities were.0.90 but Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support was,90, a number indicates the bootstrap support. NS indicates no support in the Bayesian analysis for a depicted relationship. Locality abbreviations are as follows: COL ¼ Colima, GRO ¼ Guerrero, JAL ¼ Jalisco, MEX ¼ Estado de México, OAX ¼ Oaxaca, PUE ¼ Puebla, and VER ¼ Veracruz." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518599/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[844,1086,1094,1117]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[844,1086,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Craugastor pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1295,1428,1093,1117]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitonium">
<emphasis box="[1295,1428,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. bitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a 
<emphasis box="[1490,1505,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">P</emphasis>
- distance of 4.7% (
<tableCitation box="[1046,1135,1123,1147]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[169,182,188,207]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 4.—Genetic P-distances derived from the concatenated alignment 2230 base pairs of 12S and 16S (mtDNA) þ RAG1 and TYR (nDNA) for species contained within the Craugastor mexicanus series. Bolded distances on diagonal are within species P-distances (if more than a single individual was used to estimate mean genetic distance)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF246666FF8FFF82CBB4C6C6FAA2B9BB" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DF246666FF8FFF82CBB4C6C6FAA2B9BB">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[844,1514,1093,1567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[871,986,1154,1178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
—The skull of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1171,1320,1154,1177]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis box="[1171,1320,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hobartsmithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. hobartsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis box="[1041,1188,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[1041,1184,1184,1207]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">C. montanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with more posteriorly placed anterior suture of the frontoparietal and prootic than in other species. Despite how common this species is in most museum collections, we know very little about its natural history, including reproductive behavior, call, and diet. This species likely co-occurs with 
<emphasis box="[1164,1514,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1164,1355,1333,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="candelariensis">C. candelariensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[1366,1514,1333,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polaclavus">C. polaclavus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" box="[892,1060,1363,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portilloensis">
<emphasis box="[892,1060,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. portilloensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southcentral 
<collectingRegion box="[1240,1318,1363,1387]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
and (possibly) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jameson &amp; Streicher &amp; Manuelli &amp; Head &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitonium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. bitonium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in central 
<collectingRegion box="[1079,1186,1393,1417]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
. It may overlap with (1) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingRegion box="[1006,1097,1423,1447]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
, (2) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brocchi" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1164,1320,1423,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis box="[1164,1320,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at intermediate elevations of the Sierra Madre del Sur and Sierra Madre Oriental (
<figureCitation box="[957,1030,1483,1507]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[166,180,1861,1880]" captionTargetBox="[143,812,1243,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-515@11.[143,812,1243,1840]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 7.—Box plots depicting elevational distribution of Craugastor mexicanus and C. pygmaeus inferred from locality data associated with museum specimens. Results are shown for both specimens used in the molecular analysis (Molecules þ Morphology) and for specimens assigned to species using only morphology. Asterisks represent potential outliers, which are.1.5 times the interquartile range (¼ range inside the box)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518603/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), and (3) 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1155,1335,1483,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Craugastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hobartsmithi">
<emphasis box="[1155,1335,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C. hobartsmithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in central and western 
<collectingRegion box="[938,1045,1513,1537]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
. Males likely have larger tympana than do females (
<figureCitation box="[945,1036,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[166,180,1957,1976]" captionTargetBox="[142,1518,1263,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-395@13.[142,1518,1263,1935]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 13.—Evidence of sexual dimorphism of tympanum width in Craugastor mexicanus (left) and C. pygmaeus (right). Sex was determined by directly examining gonads for select specimens of C. mexicanus and is implied by scaling patterns in those specimens where sex was not directly determined. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Herpetological-Monographs on 04 May 2022" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518613/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[1093,1123,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[166,180,982,1001]" captionTargetBox="[349,1308,187,960]" captionTargetId="figure-527@35.[348,1309,187,961]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 33.—Male Craugastor pygmaeus (A, UTA A-64283, SVL ¼ 14.6 mm, photo by Matthew Ingrasci) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (B, UTA A-64262, SVL ¼ 13.7 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; female (C, UTA A-64266, SVL ¼ 17.0 mm) from Oaxaca, Mexico; male (D, UTA A-64263, SVL ¼ 12.4) from Guerrero, Mexico. A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518653/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>