treatments-xml/data/03/F2/87/03F287BE0A59E64540FAF8D8FAC3FB9E.xml

<document id="71E3DA24389231EBA5C42BDB5160E7D4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277262" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9c2d7e0-8764-499d-bb41-12d19355479c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460280425723" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roux, Michel &amp; Lambert, Philip" docDate="2011" docId="03F287BE0A59E64540FAF8D8FAC3FB9E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02825p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2825" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gephyrocrinus messingi Roux &amp; Lambert, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFCBFFC60A5CE655406DFFD8FFAFFF91" masterDocTitle="Two new species of stalked crinoids from the northeastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698249390468" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5060830A9350261640E926961D964985">Two new species of stalked crinoids from the northeastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1CBD5E532BAA9880037EA91EE42DBACC">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F287BE0A59E64540FAF8D8FAC3FB9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6187428" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6187428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287BE0A59E64540FAF8D8FAC3FB9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287BE0A59E64540FAF8D8FAC3FB9E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C34165230A59E65040FAF8D8FDA9F88B" box="[151,518,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A59E65040FAF8D8FDA9F88B" blockId="5.[151,518,1792,1818]" box="[151,518,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0AC81C40A59E65040FAF8D8FDA9F88B" bold="true" box="[151,518,1792,1818]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A59E65040FAF8D8FDA9F88B" bold="true" box="[151,518,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A59E65040FAF8D8FE12F88B" ID-CoL="8G9BF" box="[151,445,1792,1818]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A59E65040FAF8D8FE12F88B" bold="true" box="[151,445,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A59E65041A9F8D8FDA9F88B" box="[452,518,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34165230A59E65040FAF89FFCFDF812" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A59E65040FAF89FFCFDF812" blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A59E65040FAF89FFEB1F8CE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1863,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is kindly dedicated to Charles Garrett Messing of Nova Southeastern University (Florida) who provided the specimens collected during MBARI cruises.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165230A59E65340AAF856FA3FFF43" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A59E65340AAF856FA3FFF43" blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,2029]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,661]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A59E65040AAF856FE1EF836" bold="true" box="[199,433,1934,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
The specimen trawled in 
<date id="FFE510680A59E65042B5F857FCDCF836" box="[728,883,1935,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-10">October 2006</date>
off Cape Scott (Vancouver Island), Queen Charlotte Sound, is designated as the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A59E6504262F869FDDBF858" box="[527,628,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, catalogue number 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A59E650433EF869FC0BF858" box="[851,932,1969,1993]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RBCM</collectionCode>
007-00004-011. Four other specimens were collected during 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A59E6504138F80DFE1EF87C" box="[341,433,2005,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MBARI</collectionCode>
cruises off California using the ROV “Tiburon”: (1) two specimens in 
<date id="FFE510680A59E65044B0F80CFAD7F87D" box="[1245,1400,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2003-10">October 2003</date>
on the basaltic rocky substrate of Rodriguez Seamount, registration numbers in 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A5AE653439FFF4FFBB0FF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" box="[1010,1055,151,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SIO</collectionCode>
E4426; (2) two others in 2004 on hard ground of San Juan slope, registration numbers in 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A5AE653436EFF62FC9FFF43" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" box="[771,816,186,210]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SIO</collectionCode>
E4427. 
<tableCitation id="C6D903130A5AE65343E3FF62FC4EFF43" box="[910,993,186,210]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,1068,1089]" captionTargetBox="[158,1347,1203,1902]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Locations of specimens of the three hyocrinid species described here. RBCM: Royal British Columbia Museum; BC: British Columbia; MBARI: Monterey Biological Aquarium Research Institute; SIO: Scripps Institution of Oceanography. For MBARI specimens, reference numbers preceded by T are those given during cruises." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2466200A5EE65740FAFBF4FBB1FB03" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF2466200A5EE65740FAFBF4FBB1FB03">Table 1</tableCitation>
gives detailed locations of specimens.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65340AAFF05FEEEFF67" bold="true" box="[199,321,221,246]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A5AE653422AFF05FD41FF64" box="[583,750,221,245]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE653422AFF05FD41FF64" box="[583,750,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gephyrocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a normal proximal arm pattern of 1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+10 (80%) and first pinnule on Br4; beyond Br4, free brachials more frequently at Br13 (52%), Br16 (64%) and Br19 (64%); three or more successive muscular articulations appearing rarely after Br15, more frequently after Br19; pattern very variable beyond Br25, from series of more than 15 successive muscular articulations (sometime reaching the arm tip) to exceptionally long series of successive brachial pairs. Brachial constriction between two muscular articulations more marked in juveniles than in adults. Base of genital pinnules with numerous small polygonal lateral plates not in rows; shape (frequently irregularly sub-quadrangular) and size of lateral plates variable on two sides of genital inflation, frequently present in middle pinnule at least on one side; cover plates rounded to sharply lanceolate. Tegmen with a verrucose ornamentation, variously inflated, frequently globular, relative inter-ray width (Wr/Wb) usually more than 2.0, anal sac bottle-shaped slightly shorterer or taller than oral cone, orals smooth with rounded top. Conical aboral cup with a conspicuous ornamentation of radial ribs and transverse ridges, basal fused, aboral border of basal ring flanged. Columnal symplexies with 6–7 crenular units of 1–2 short crenulae (up to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A5AE653451CFD82FA33FDE3" box="[1393,1436,602,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
largest specimens).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5AE65340FAFD16FB17FCDD" blockId="6.[151,1437,718,844]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65340FAFD16FEABFD72" bold="true" box="[151,260,718,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Variation of main morphological characters in the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5AE6534360FD17FC97FD75" box="[781,824,719,740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A5AE65343F1FD16FB3BFD75" box="[924,1172,718,740]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65343F1FD16FB3BFD75" box="[924,1172,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65344F7FD08FB61FD72" bold="true" box="[1178,1230,720,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
La: arm length; Lp: pinnule length; Np: number of pinnules on each arm side; Wb: Br1 width; Wr: radial width; Hc: aboral cup height; Hr: radial height; Dc: uppermost diameter of aboral cup; Drb: diameter at radial-basal sutures; Dp: proximalmost stalk diameter; Dm: minimum stalk diameter. Values in mm except for Np. Dp and Dm are used as growth index (in yellow).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5AE65340F2FCB4FAD3FBCE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="F95BC4080A5A19AA40F2FCB4FA2CFBCE" box="[159,1411,876,1119]" gridcols="12" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FCB4FEA8FC12" box="[159,263,876,899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65340F2FCB4FEA8FC12" bold="true" box="[159,263,876,899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Specimen</emphasis>
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<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FCB4FE3EFC12" box="[361,401,876,899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534103FCB5FE23FC13" bold="true" box="[366,396,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">La</emphasis>
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<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FCB4FDA1FC12" box="[462,526,876,899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65341B2FCB5FE51FC13" bold="true" box="[479,510,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lp</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FCB4FDD0FC12" box="[575,639,876,899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534222FCB5FDC0FC13" bold="true" box="[591,623,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Np</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FCB4FD54FC12" box="[687,763,876,899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65342AFFCB5FD46FC13" bold="true" box="[706,745,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wb</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FCB4FCD8FC12" box="[810,887,876,899]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534353FCB5FCCCFC13" bold="true" box="[830,867,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wr</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFCB4FC68FC12" box="[935,967,876,899]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65343C5FCB5FC68FC13" bold="true" box="[936,967,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hc</emphasis>
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<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FCB4FBB5FC12" box="[1018,1050,876,899]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534397FCB5FBB6FC13" bold="true" box="[1018,1049,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hr</emphasis>
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<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FCB4FBC3FC12" box="[1100,1132,876,899]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534420FCB5FBC5FC13" bold="true" box="[1101,1130,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dc</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FCB4FB68FC12" box="[1179,1223,876,899]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65344F6FCB5FB68FC13" bold="true" box="[1179,1223,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Drb</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFCB4FAB9FC12" box="[1270,1302,876,899]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE653449BFCB5FAB9FC13" bold="true" box="[1270,1302,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dp</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FCB4FA2CFC12" box="[1353,1411,876,899]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE653453FFCB5FAD6FC13" bold="true" box="[1362,1401,877,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dm</emphasis>
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<tr id="356B34EA0A5A19AA40F2FC41FA2CFC3E" box="[159,1411,921,943]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FC41FEA8FC3E" box="[159,263,921,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T662-B</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FC41FE3EFC3E" box="[361,401,921,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FC41FDA1FC3E" box="[462,526,921,943]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FC41FDD0FC3E" box="[575,639,921,943]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FC41FD54FC3E" box="[687,763,921,943]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.8–0.9</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FC41FCD8FC3E" box="[810,887,921,943]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFC41FC68FC3E" box="[935,967,921,943]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.5</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FC41FBB5FC3E" box="[1018,1050,921,943]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.0</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FC41FBC3FC3E" box="[1100,1132,921,943]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.2</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FC41FB68FC3E" box="[1179,1223,921,943]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.6</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFC41FAB9FC3E" box="[1270,1302,921,943]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.3</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FC41FA2CFC3E" box="[1353,1411,921,943]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.78</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5A19AA40F2FC1DFA2CFC4A" box="[159,1411,965,987]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FC1DFEA8FC4A" box="[159,263,965,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T662-A</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FC1DFE3EFC4A" box="[361,401,965,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">49</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FC1DFDA1FC4A" box="[462,526,965,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FC1DFDD0FC4A" box="[575,639,965,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">19</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FC1DFD54FC4A" box="[687,763,965,987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.8–1.9</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FC1DFCD8FC4A" box="[810,887,965,987]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.5</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFC1DFC68FC4A" box="[935,967,965,987]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7.0</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FC1DFBB5FC4A" box="[1018,1050,965,987]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FC1DFBC3FC4A" box="[1100,1132,965,987]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.9</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FC1DFB68FC4A" box="[1179,1223,965,987]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.4</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFC1DFAB9FC4A" box="[1270,1302,965,987]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.2</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FC1DFA2CFC4A" box="[1353,1411,965,987]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">&lt;1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5A19AA40F2FC29FA2CFB96" box="[159,1411,1009,1031]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FC29FEA8FB96" box="[159,263,1009,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FC29FE3EFB96" box="[361,401,1009,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">&gt;57</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FC29FDA1FB96" box="[462,526,1009,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">&gt;30</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FC29FDD0FB96" box="[575,639,1009,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">&gt;27</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FC29FD54FB96" box="[687,763,1009,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.5–2.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FC29FCD8FB96" box="[810,887,1009,1031]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.2</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFC29FC68FB96" box="[935,967,1009,1031]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8.6</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FC29FBB5FB96" box="[1018,1050,1009,1031]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.1</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FC29FBC3FB96" box="[1100,1132,1009,1031]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FC29FB68FB96" box="[1179,1223,1009,1031]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.3</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFC29FAB9FB96" box="[1270,1302,1009,1031]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.3</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FC29FA2CFB96" box="[1353,1411,1009,1031]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">&lt;1.78</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5A19AA40F2FBC5FA2CFBA2" box="[159,1411,1053,1075]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FBC5FEA8FBA2" box="[159,263,1053,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T629-1</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FBC5FE3EFBA2" box="[361,401,1053,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">98</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FBC5FDA1FBA2" box="[462,526,1053,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29–31</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FBC5FDD0FBA2" box="[575,639,1053,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29–32</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FBC5FD54FBA2" box="[687,763,1053,1075]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.4–2.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FBC5FCD8FBA2" box="[810,887,1053,1075]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.3–5.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFBC5FC68FBA2" box="[935,967,1053,1075]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8.6</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FBC5FBB5FBA2" box="[1018,1050,1053,1075]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.4</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FBC5FBC3FBA2" box="[1100,1132,1053,1075]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FBC5FB68FBA2" box="[1179,1223,1053,1075]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFBC5FAB9FBA2" box="[1270,1302,1053,1075]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.4</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FBC5FA2CFBA2" box="[1353,1411,1053,1075]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5A19AA40F2FB91FA2CFBCE" box="[159,1411,1097,1119]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="76BA5D960A5A19AA40F2FB91FEA8FBCE" box="[159,263,1097,1119]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T629-2</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4104FB91FE3EFBCE" box="[361,401,1097,1119]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">104</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA41A3FB91FDA1FBCE" box="[462,526,1097,1119]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32–42</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4252FB91FDD0FBCE" box="[575,639,1097,1119]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">28–30</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA42C2FB91FD54FBCE" box="[687,763,1097,1119]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.6–2.9</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4347FB91FCD8FBCE" box="[810,887,1097,1119]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.9</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA43CAFB91FC68FBCE" box="[935,967,1097,1119]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4397FB91FBB5FBCE" box="[1018,1050,1097,1119]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.5</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4421FB91FBC3FBCE" box="[1100,1132,1097,1119]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA44F6FB91FB68FBCE" box="[1179,1223,1097,1119]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.3</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA449BFB91FAB9FBCE" box="[1270,1302,1097,1119]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.7</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5A19AA4524FB91FA2CFBCE" box="[1353,1411,1097,1119]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.86</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5AE65340FAFB78FD84FB48" blockId="6.[151,1436,1184,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65340FAFB78FEABFB24" bold="true" box="[151,260,1184,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Variation of main morphological ratios through ontogeny in the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5AE65343FFFB79FC11FB27" box="[914,958,1185,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A5AE6534472FB78FABAFB27" box="[1055,1301,1184,1206]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534472FB78FABAFB27" box="[1055,1301,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A5AE6534576FB7AFAE2FB24" box="[1307,1357,1186,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE6534576FB7AFAE2FB24" bold="true" box="[1307,1357,1186,1205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations and growth index as in Table 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5AE65340F0FB2CFE5FF9CA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1184,1497]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,1568,1766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Specimen Lp/La Hc/Dc Hr/Hc Hr/Wr Wr/ Wb Dc/Drb Drb/Dp Dp/Dm T662-B 0.59 0.83 0.57 1.1 2.00–2.25 2.6 1.23 1.7 T662-A 0.43 1.01 0.54 1.2 2.37–2.50 1.6 2.0&gt;1.5 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5AE65340F0FAA8FF54FA17" box="[157,251,1392,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
- 0.99 0.59 0.98 1.93–2.08 1.64 2.30&gt;1.3 T629-1 0.29–0.32 0.88 0.62 0.95–1.0 2.11–2.21 1.72 2.37 1.3 T629-2 0.31–0.40 0.89 0.63 0.93 2.03–2.27 1.56 2.33 1.45 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5AE65340AAF9F8FEF6F9A8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1568,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
The main morphological measurements and arm patterns observed in the crown are given in Tables 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165230A5AE65840A8F9BEFD3EF969" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5AE65340A8F9BEFE16F977" blockId="6.[151,1436,1568,1766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5AE65340A8F9BEFE90F9EF" box="[197,319,1638,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: Specimen with proximal stalk and nearly complete crown (Fig. 2). Arms moderately graceful (Wr/ Wb about 2.1), rolled up near distal end, bearing about 30 well-differentiated pinnules on each side or slightly more (maximum 27 observed before broken arm end) with a wide space between successive pinnules especially in proximal part of arms (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5BE65240FAFB91FA9DFB0E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1096,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE65240FAFB91FEB6FBF3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1096,1122]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A5BE6524172FB93FDBAFBF0" box="[287,533,1099,1121]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE6524172FB93FDBAFBF0" box="[287,533,1099,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A5BE6524276FB93FDFBFBF1" box="[539,596,1099,1120]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE6524276FB93FDFBFBF1" bold="true" box="[539,596,1099,1120]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, arm and base of pinnule. a to c: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5BE65243CCFB92FC52FBF1" box="[929,1021,1098,1120]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5BE652446AFB94FBF1FBF0" box="[1031,1118,1100,1121]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(T629-A4-2); a–b: lateral view of pinnule base; c: inflated and mutiplated adoral architecture of arm; d: same arm part without inflation; a-c-d: light microscopy; b: 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A5BE6524082FB52FE8CFB0E" box="[239,291,1162,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SEM</collectionCode>
view; fcv: festooned cover plates in a gathered arrangement, pv: pavement of polygonal lateral plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A5BE65240FAF84CFB65F87B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1939,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE65240FAF84CFEB5F83C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1939,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A5BE652414CF84EFDB8F83D" box="[289,535,1942,1964]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE652414CF84EFDB8F83D" box="[289,535,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A5BE6524270F84EFDF8F83A" box="[541,599,1942,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A5BE6524270F84EFDF8F83A" bold="true" box="[541,599,1942,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, brachial and pinnular ossicles of the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A5BE65243B5F84EFB9FF83D" box="[984,1072,1942,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A5BE6524453F84EFBDBF83A" box="[1086,1140,1942,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SEM</collectionCode>
micrographs). a: hyposynostosial brachial, proximal facet (synarthry); b to e: episynostosial brachials, b: proximal facet (flat synostosis), c: distal facet (synarthry), d: ventral-distal view, e: lateral view with pinnule socket; f: pinnular beyond genital inflation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2466200A54E65D40FAFF40FB28FF5D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40FAFF40FB28FF5D" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,204]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40FAFF40FEAAFF3C" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Variations of arm pattern in the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A54E65D4285FF40FC71FF3F" box="[744,990,152,174]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D4285FF40FC71FF3F" box="[744,990,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A54E65D438BFF40FB8FFF3C" box="[998,1056,152,173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D438BFF40FB8FFF3C" bold="true" box="[998,1056,152,173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; Dp used as growth index; red numbers: free brachials; black numbers: brachial pairs; bold numbers: brachial bearing the first pinnule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FF35FDBDFE95" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,530,237,260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40F3FF35FDBDFE95" bold="true" box="[158,530,237,260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
San Juan I, T622-B (Dp = 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D41D7FF35FDA3FE95" box="[442,524,237,260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FECCFE4EFEB8" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,481,275,297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FECCFF43FEB8" bold="true" box="[223,236,276,297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5 6+7 8+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4120FECCFE37FEB8" box="[333,408,276,297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1911-10-09">9 10 11</date>
+12 13
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FEEBFC81FED9" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,814,306,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FEEBFF43FED9" bold="true" box="[223,236,307,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7 8+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4120FEEBFE37FED9" box="[333,408,307,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1911-10-09">9 10 11</date>
+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41CAFEEBFDAFFED9" box="[423,512,306,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17 18 19 20+21 22 23
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FE8AFD01FEF6" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,686,337,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FE89FF43FEF7" bold="true" box="[223,236,337,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4151FE8AFED4FEF6" box="[316,379,338,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41E7FE8AFE4FFEF6" box="[394,480,338,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1913-12-11">11 12 13</date>
+14 15 16+17 18 19
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FEA8FDA6FE14" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,521,368,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FEA8FF43FE14" bold="true" box="[223,236,368,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4104FEA8FE6DFE14" box="[361,450,368,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912-11-10">10 11 12</date>
+13 14
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FE57FCD2FE35" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,893,398,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FE57FF43FE35" bold="true" box="[223,236,399,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4151FE57FED4FE35" box="[316,379,399,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41E7FE57FE4FFE35" box="[394,480,399,420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1913-12-11">11 12 13</date>
+14 15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23+24 25
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FE65FDBBFE45" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" box="[158,532,445,468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40F3FE65FDBBFE45" bold="true" box="[158,532,445,468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
San Juan I, T622-A (Dp = 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D41D6FE66FDA3FE45" box="[443,524,445,468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FE32FE47FDB1" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FE32FF43FE6E" bold="true" box="[223,236,490,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4104FE32FE6DFE6E" box="[361,450,490,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912-11-10">10 11 12</date>
+13 14 15+16 17 18+19 20 21+22 23 24 25 26+27 28 29 30 31 32 33+34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FDD3FF43FDB1" bold="true" box="[223,236,523,544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+12 13
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FDF5FD34FD20" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FDF4FF43FDD0" bold="true" box="[223,236,556,577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+12 13+14 15 16+17 18+19 20 21+22 23 24+25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32+33 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FD96FF43FDF2" bold="true" box="[223,236,590,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+12 13+14 15 16+17 18 19+20 21 22+23 24 25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32 33+ 1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4104FDB7FE6DFD15" box="[361,450,623,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912-11-10">10 11 12</date>
+13 14 15+16 17 18+19 20 21+22 23 24 25+26 27 28 29 30+31 32 33 34 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40F3FD42FD34FD20" bold="true" box="[158,667,666,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Off Vancouver Island, 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A54E65D41F8FD43FE57FD21" box="[405,504,667,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(Dp = 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D422FFD43FD3BFD20" box="[578,660,666,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FD1FFDD2FC1E" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FD1FFF43FD4D" bold="true" box="[223,236,711,732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FD1FFDA6FD4C" box="[431,521,711,733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23 24+25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FD30FF43FD6C" bold="true" box="[223,236,744,765]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FD31FDA6FD6F" box="[431,521,744,766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23 24 25+26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FCD2FF43FC8E" bold="true" box="[223,236,778,799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FCD2FDA6FCB1" box="[431,521,778,800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20 21+22 23 24 25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FCF3FF43FCD1" bold="true" box="[223,236,811,832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FCF4FDA6FCD0" box="[431,521,811,833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23 24+25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FC94FF43FCF0" bold="true" box="[223,236,844,865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FC95FDA6FCF3" box="[431,521,844,866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17 18+19 20 21 22 23+24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40F3FCA0FDD2FC1E" bold="true" box="[158,637,888,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Rodriguez Seamount, T629-1 (Dp = 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D4249FCA1FDD9FC1E" box="[548,630,888,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FC7DFDD2FBFD" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FC7CFF43FC28" bold="true" box="[223,236,932,953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4151FC7DFED4FC2B" box="[316,379,933,954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-09-08">8 9 10</date>
+11 12+13 14+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23+24 25 26 27 28+29 30 3132 33+34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FC1EFF43FC4A" bold="true" box="[223,236,966,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+12 13+14 15 16+17 18 19+20 21 22 23+24 25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FC3FFF43FC6D" bold="true" box="[223,236,999,1020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4104FC30FE6DFC6C" box="[361,450,1000,1021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912-11-10">10 11 12</date>
+13 14 15+16 17 18+19 20 21+22 23 24 25 26+27 28 29 30 31 32+33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FBD1FF43FB8F" bold="true" box="[223,236,1033,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D4104FBD1FE6DFB8F" box="[361,450,1033,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1912-11-10">10 11 12</date>
+13 14 15+16 17 18+19 20 21+22 23 24+25 26 27 28 29+30 31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FBF2FF43FBAE" bold="true" box="[223,236,1066,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FBF2FDA6FBAE" box="[431,521,1065,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23+24 25 26 27 28+29 30 31 32 33+ 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40F3FB8DFDD2FBFD" bold="true" box="[158,637,1109,1132]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Rodriguez Seamount, T629-2 (Dp = 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D4249FB8EFDD9FBFD" box="[548,630,1109,1132]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40F3FB5AFB0DFA8C" blockId="8.[158,1194,237,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FB5AFF43FB06" bold="true" box="[223,236,1154,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FB5AFDA6FB06" box="[431,521,1153,1175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20 21+22 23 24 25 26 27+28 29 30 31+32 33+ 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FB7BFF43FB29" bold="true" box="[223,236,1187,1208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FB7BFDA6FB28" box="[431,521,1187,1209]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23 24 25 26 27+28 29+30 31 32 33+ 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FB1DFF43FB4B" bold="true" box="[223,236,1221,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FB1DFDA6FB4B" box="[431,521,1220,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20+21 22 23 24 25 26 27+28 29 30 31 32 33+34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FB3EFF43FB6A" bold="true" box="[223,236,1254,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+12 13+14 15 16 17+18 19 20 21 22 23 24+25 26 27 28 29 30+31 32 33 34 1+2 3 
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A54E65D40B2FADFFF43FA8D" bold="true" box="[223,236,1287,1308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D41C2FAD0FDA6FA8C" box="[431,521,1287,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15 16 17+18 19 20 21 22+23 24 25 26 27 28 29+30 31 32 33 34
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65D40AAFA82FDCBF81F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1369,2006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Tegmen easily visible interradially between narrow proximal brachials. Br2 and Br3 as wide as Br1; arm axis becoming progressively narrower distally. Free brachials and brachial pairs slightly constricted midway between their proximal and distal muscular articulations; proximal brachial with moderate lateral wings and thorns near muscular articulations. Proximal arm pattern very regular with 1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+10 11+ 
<date id="FFE510680A54E65D44F0FA1DFAACFA4C" box="[1181,1283,1477,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1914-12-13">12 13 14</date>
+15, and first pinnule on Br 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D415CFA31FEF4F990" box="[305,347,1513,1537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
five arms (
<tableCitation id="C6D903130A54E65D41B4FA31FD9FF990" box="[473,560,1513,1537]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 4. Variations of arm pattern in the type series of Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp.; Dp used as growth index; red numbers: free brachials; black numbers: brachial pairs; bold numbers: brachial bearing the first pinnule." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 4</tableCitation>
); pattern of middle arm more variable; three successive muscular articulations appearing between Br16 and Br23; series of 18 or more successive muscular articulations beginning between Br25 and Br29; distal arm with a few brachial pairs irregularly placed. Maximum length of pinnules 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A54E65D44BBF9E9FA89F9D8" box="[1238,1318,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
on P2 but probably longer in middle arm. Pinnule base with polygonal lateral plates not in rows and with curved cover plates in a gathered arrangement (Fig. 3a, b); from proximal to distal part, largest lateral plates flat and irregularly rectangular on each side not united by stereom bridge; cover plates poorly preserved with variable shape, usually rounded or lanceolate, sharper distally. Adoral face of arms and proximal pinnules strongly inflated (Figs. 3a, c), the inflation decreasing distally. Brachial and pinnule articulations (Fig. 4) with the main classical features known in hyocrinids (adoral ligament area without galleried stereom, flat synostoses without stereom differentiation); adoral groove of brachials widely open between deep concave insertion area of inner ligaments and muscles (Fig. 4a, c, d); pinnule socket oblique and in relatively lateral position midway from brachial facets (Fig. 4e); pinnulars with the two lateral sides quite equal (Fig. 4f).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A54E65C40AAF841FB8DFE16" blockId="8.[151,1436,1369,2006]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,860]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Globular tegmen regularly inflated up to Br8, sticking to proximal arm; first pinnule remaining free. About 25 tegminal plates per interradius with verrucose ornamentation of irregular bumps or knobs (Figs. 3a, 5a). Height of tegmen at oral cone 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C41E8FF4FFE4EFF3E" box="[389,481,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
. Oral cone shorter than anal sac; orals of moderate size with smooth globular top; cover plates in regular rows converging to oral cone (Fig. 5d); top of anal sac in relatively central on tegmen. Aboral cup conical, slightly bowl-shaped, strongly ornamented by conspicuous coarse ribs prolonging arm axis and subdivided in variable parallel ridges especially near basal-radial suture; 5 to 7 small perpendicular ridges on interradial surface (Fig. 6a). Basal fused; aboral border of basal ring flanged by 7 rounded knobs. Height of aboral cup 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C40FAFE94FF40FEF5" box="[151,239,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
; height of basal ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C41B5FE94FD9FFEF5" box="[472,560,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; diameter at base of basal ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C43E5FE94FC4EFEF5" box="[904,993,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; diameter at base of radial ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C4552FE94FA38FEF5" box="[1343,1431,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
; diameter at top of radial ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C41B2FEB7FD97FE16" box="[479,568,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
; interray spaces wide (Wr/Wb 2.15 + 0.22).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A55E65C40AAFE4CFF7CFDCE" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Length of preserved stalk 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C4181FE4CFDFBFE3D" box="[492,596,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.93" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="59.3">59.3 mm</quantity>
; proximalmost diameter (Dp) 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C43C5FE4CFBAEFE3D" box="[936,1025,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
, decreasing to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C44C4FE4CFAA2FE3D" box="[1193,1293,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.78">1.78 mm</quantity>
at distal end of preserved stalk with columnal height 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A55E65C4204FE6FFD7FFE5E" box="[617,720,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.77">0.77 mm</quantity>
(H/D 0.43); stalk broken before minimum diameter. Proximal stalk very heterometric (thickness and diameter variable) with seven longitudinal rows of knobs aligned with knobs on base of basal ring (Fig. 6a). Proximal symplexies heptagonal with 7 short crenular units of 1 or 2 crenulae and a conspicuous claustrum (Fig. 7a), becoming circular and with 1 crenula per crenular unit in distal part of preserved stalk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A55E65C40A8FDB4FCA8FCCD" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A55E65C40A8FDB4FEE7FD15" box="[197,328,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A55E65C413DFDB7FE3FFD12" box="[336,400,623,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FROM</collectionCode>
RODRIGUEZ SEAMOUNT (
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A55E65C42DBFDB4FD4AFD15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" box="[694,741,620,644]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SIO</collectionCode>
E4426): Two relatively large and complete specimens, distal stalk missing. Arms and pinnules gracile and flexible, rolled up at their distal end (Fig. 8). Proximal arm pattern always 1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 and first pinnule on Br4; middle and distal arm pattern more variable than in 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A55E65C4557FD6CFA33FD5D" box="[1338,1436,692,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<tableCitation id="C6D903130A55E65C40F3FD0FFF57FD7E" box="[158,248,727,751]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 4. Variations of arm pattern in the type series of Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp.; Dp used as growth index; red numbers: free brachials; black numbers: brachial pairs; bold numbers: brachial bearing the first pinnule." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Flat irregular lateral plates on each pinnule side (Figs. 9a, b); middle and distal parts of pinnules with smaller lateral plates at least on one side, or cover plates only; shape of cover plates usually triangular with narrow or sharp end, sometimes lanceolate and more rounded (Figs. 9b to d). H-shaped plates between the two sides absent, causing frequent collapse of adoral architecture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A55E65C40FAF8E8FEE0F81A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1838,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A55E65C40FAF8E8FEB5F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1838,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A55E65C414CF8E9FDB7F8D6" box="[289,536,1841,1863]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A55E65C414CF8E9FDB7F8D6" box="[289,536,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A55E65C4272F8EAFDF7F8D6" box="[543,600,1842,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A55E65C4272F8EAFDF7F8D6" bold="true" box="[543,600,1842,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, inflated tegmen. a and d: strongly inflated 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A55E65C4474F8E9FBDAF8D6" box="[1049,1141,1841,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; b: 
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T629-A4-2; c, e and f: 
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T629-A4-1; a to c: lateral views of anal inter-ray showing conspicuous anal sac in b and c; d to e: oral cones; f: detail of oral ring.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A56E65F40FAF8C4FE16F8C7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1818,1878]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A56E65F40FAF8C4FEB6F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,281,1818,1844]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A56E65F414DF8C6FDBAF8A5" box="[288,533,1822,1844]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A56E65F414DF8C6FDBAF8A5" box="[288,533,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A56E65F4271F8C6FDFBF8A2" box="[540,596,1822,1843]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A56E65F4271F8C6FDFBF8A2" bold="true" box="[540,596,1822,1843]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, variation in aboral cup and proximalmost stalk. a: 
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; b: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A56E65F44B7F8C6FA9EF8A2" box="[1242,1329,1822,1843]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4- 1; c–d: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A56E65F408EF899FE95F8C7" box="[227,314,1857,1878]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A56E65E40A8F85EFE65FF45" blockId="10.[151,1436,1926,2023]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Spherical inflated tegmen; inflation not extending onto arms and pinnules. Oral cone slightly taller than anal sac; orals with rounded, smooth top and base bearing several knobs each (Figs. 5e, f). Anal sac adjacent to outer margin of tegmen, easily observed and with a group of about eight apical spines (Figs. 5b, c). Regular conical aboral cup with the same general pattern of ornamentation as in the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A57E65E431EFF4FFC7AFF3E" box="[883,981,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but with variable development of transverse ridges (Figs. 6b to d).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A57E65E40FAFB2AFECDFAF7" blockId="11.[151,1437,1264,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A57E65E40FAFB2AFEB6FA9B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1264,1290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A57E65E4172FB2BFDBBFA98" box="[287,532,1267,1289]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A57E65E4172FB2BFDBBFA98" box="[287,532,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A57E65E4277FB2BFDFDFA99" bold="true" box="[538,594,1267,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, columnal articulations of mature specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A57E65E444FFB2CFBF7FA98" box="[1058,1112,1268,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SEM</collectionCode>
micrographs). a: proximal symplexy in 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A57E65E409CFACBFEE2FAB8" box="[241,333,1299,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; b–c: proximal mesistele symplexy in 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A57E65E42B8FACCFC83FAB8" box="[725,812,1300,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T662-A; d-e: 
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T629-A4-1, d: middle mesistele symplexy, e–f: distal columnal of preserved stalk with development of syzygial crenularium beginning on outer facet; arrow indicates claustrum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A57E65E40AAFA4BFCFBF8CA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1427,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Specimen T629-A4-1: Maximum arm length 
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; two arms longer than the others; up to 32 pinnules on each arm side; maximum pinnule length 
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between Br26 and 30. Beyond Br4, first free brachial from Br9 to Br15, maximum number of successive muscular articulations usually 5, rarely 11 or 13 distally. Tegmen moderately inflated, not attached to proximal arm, and with a coarse vermiculate ornamentation (Fig. 5c). Top of anal sac at 
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above upper radial border; tegmen height at oral cone 
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. Diameter at base of basal ring 
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; diameter at base of radial ring 
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; diameter at top of radial ring 
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; interray width (Wr/Wb) 2.16 + 0.05. Aboral cup ornamentation with a pair of coarse ribs prolonging arm axis; six small transverse ridges in each interradius and a coarse transverse rib in upper part of radial ring (Fig. 6b). Length of preserved stalk 
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; proximalmost diameter (Dp) 
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, decreasing to 
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(Dm) with relative thickness (H/D) 0.45 at a distance of 
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from aboral cup; distal diameter 
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; heptagonal proximal columnals becoming cylindrical distally; columnal height increasing to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A57E65E419FF923FDE5F882" box="[498,586,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
with H/D 0.69 at 
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before broken stalk end; H/D 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A57E65E44BDF923FA8FF882" box="[1232,1312,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4224" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="0.56">0.56 in</quantity>
distalmost columnal. Stalk symplexies as in the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A57E65E425EF8C7FD3AF8A6" box="[563,661,1823,1847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 7 crenular units of 1–2 crenulae (Fig. 7d); beginning of syzygial crenularium development at end of preserved stalk (Fig. 7e–f).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A57E65940AAF8BFFC10FE3D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1427,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,428]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Specimen T629-A4-2: Maximum arm length 
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, with 28 to 30 pinnules on each arm side; maximum pinnule length 
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between Br30 and 34. Beyond Br4, first free brachial at Br13 (4 cases) or Br15 (1 case); maximum number of 5 or 6 successive muscular articulations from Br19 to Br35; more distal pattern strongly variable from only successive brachial pairs all along distal arm (1 case) to series of more than 15 successive muscular articulations (1 case). Tegmen more inflated than in preceding specimen but less than in 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E659440BFF4FFB64FF3E" box="[1126,1227,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, attached on three proximal brachials only in anal interradius (Fig. 5b); height at oral cone 
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; height of aboral cup 
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; radial height 
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; diameter at base of basal ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65942B1FF07FC9AFF66" box="[732,821,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
; diameter at top of radial ring 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65944EAFF07FB70FF66" box="[1159,1247,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
; relative interray width (Wr/Wb) 2.15 + 0.12. Two fine ridges resembling dotted lines on cup ribs prolonging arm axis; transverse ridge irregular and variable; base of basal ring moderately flanged (Figs. 6c, d). Length of preserved stalk 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E6594528FEFFFA37FEAE" box="[1349,1432,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
; proximalmost diameter 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65941C9FE94FE52FEF5" box="[420,509,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, decreasing to 1.86 at a distance of 
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below aboral cup; distal diameter 
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with H/D 0.61; hexagonal proximal columnals with heterometry (variable thickness and diameter) less than in other specimens; stalk symplexies with 6 crenular units of 1–2 crenulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A50E65940FAFA15FD0EF996" blockId="12.[151,1436,1483,1543]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A50E65940FAFA15FEB6FA74" bold="true" box="[151,281,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A50E6594172FA16FDBAFA75" box="[287,533,1486,1508]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A50E6594172FA16FDBAFA75" box="[287,533,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A50E6594277FA17FDFCFA75" box="[538,595,1487,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A50E6594277FA17FDFCFA75" bold="true" box="[538,595,1487,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, theca and crown in 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E659434EFA17FC28FA75" box="[803,903,1487,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. a and b: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E659438BFA17FB92FA75" box="[998,1085,1487,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4-2; c: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E65944B4FA17FA9FFA75" box="[1241,1328,1487,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4- 1; a and c: theca and proximal crown; b: distal arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A50E65940A8F9EEFF4BF9E3" blockId="12.[151,1437,1590,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E65940A8F9EEFEE7F9DF" box="[197,328,1590,1614]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A50E659413DF9E2FE20F9DF" box="[336,399,1594,1614]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FROM</collectionCode>
SAN 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A50E65941A3F9EFFDA5F9DE" box="[462,522,1591,1615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">JUAN</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A50E6594274F9EEFDE7F9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" box="[537,584,1590,1614]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SIO</collectionCode>
E4427): Two specimens significantly smaller than 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A50E65944E0F9EEFB5DF9DF" box="[1165,1266,1590,1614]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, with stalk and crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A50E65840A8F9A6FAF9FF45" blockId="12.[151,1437,1590,2010]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Specimen T662-A: Crown quite well preserved but with three arms separated from proximal part (two arms broken at muscular articulation 6–7, one broken at synostosis 7+8), and one broken at muscular articulation 13–14. Beyond Br4 bearing first pinnule, first free brachial at variable locations from Br11 to Br15; series more than two successive muscular articulations from Br23 with a maximum of 10. Conical aboral cup and tegmen partly crushed; aboral cup with coarse pairs of ribs prolonging arm axes and base of basal ring bearing 7 knobs aligned with series of knobs on proximal stalk; series of granules in the area of transverse ridges; moderately inflated tegmen with verrucose ornamentation; anal sac equal or slightly taller than oral cone; triangular orals well developed with concave outer surface and one finger-like projection at base. Length of preserved stalk 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E659446DF8A2FBFEF803" box="[1024,1105,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
; middle and distal stalk missing; proximalmost diameter 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65941BBF846FD81F827" box="[470,558,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, decreasing to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65942BAF846FC94F827" box="[727,827,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.56">1.56 mm</quantity>
at distal end; minimum diameter undoubtedly smaller than 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A50E65940A2F81AFE86F84B" box="[207,297,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
. Proximal columnals heptagonal with conspicuous heterometry (diameter and thickness variable) up to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E65840DEFF4FFEADFF3E" box="[179,258,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
from aboral cup, becoming cylindrical distally. At distal end of preserved stalk, symplexies with 7 crenular units of 2–3 short crenulae; claustrum present; concave areolar lobes between crenular units (Figs. 7b, c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A51E65840FAFB09FD30FAB6" blockId="13.[151,1436,1232,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A51E65840FAFB09FEB6FB7B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1232,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A51E6584172FB0BFDBAFB78" box="[287,533,1235,1257]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A51E6584172FB0BFDBAFB78" box="[287,533,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A51E6584277FB0BFDFDFB79" box="[538,594,1235,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A51E6584277FB0BFDFDFB79" bold="true" box="[538,594,1235,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED4AAE6D0A51E6584233FB0BFD3DFB79" box="[606,658,1235,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SEM</collectionCode>
micrographs of pinnule architecture. a: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A51E6584449FB0CFBD4FB78" box="[1060,1147,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4-1; b to d: 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A51E6584528FB0CFA33FB78" box="[1349,1436,1236,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T629-A4-2; a: lateral view of proximal genital inflation; b: same pinnule, mid-distal part; c: well developed cover plates; d: distal end rolled up; lp: lateral plates; cv: cover plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A51E65840AAFA8CFD3EF969" blockId="13.[151,1436,1364,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Specimen T662-B: Juvenile specimen quite complete, only distalmost stalk missing and two arms broken at muscular articulation 13–14 and 14–15. Beyond Br4 bearing first pinnule, first free brachial appearing at Br5 (1 case), Br7 (1 case), Br9 (2 cases) and Br11 (1 case). Series of more than two successive muscular articulations appearing from Br15 to Br18; maximum number observed 5 (1 case). Brachial constriction midway between two muscular articulations more conspicuous than in other specimens, especially in proximal arm. Same general ornamentation as in preceding specimen but less conspicuous on aboral cup, and more conspicuous and very spiny on tegmen. Tegmen not inflated; number of tegminal plates per interradius less than 12; relatively large orals with finger-like projection at top; oral cone and anal sac tops at about the same level. Stalk length 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E65844F9F988FB5BF9F9" box="[1172,1268,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 mm</quantity>
; proximalmost diameter 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E658416CF9ACFEF5F91D" box="[257,346,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
, decreasing to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E658426EF9ACFDC7F91D" box="[515,616,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.78">0.78 mm</quantity>
at a distance of 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E658434EF9ACFCDBF91D" box="[803,884,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, increasing to 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E6584474F9ACFBD1F91D" box="[1049,1150,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.80 mm</quantity>
at 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A51E65844CFF9ACFB5DF91D" box="[1186,1266,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
and up to 
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at distal end; H/D up to 0.6 distally. Mesistele symplexy (Figs. 10a to e) with 6 crenular units of 1 very short crenula, and marked areolar depression around perilumen especially at maximum columnal height (Fig. 10e). Distal syzygy with radial crenularium (Fig. 10f).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34165230A51E64540AAF8DDFAC3FB9E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A51E65840AAF8DDFEDDF865" blockId="13.[151,1436,1364,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A51E65840AAF8DDFE71F88C" bold="true" box="[199,478,1796,1821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks and affinities.</emphasis>
The five specimens described here belong undoubtedly to the same species and illustrate morphological variations both related and unrelated to ontogeny. They constitute a growth series from the most juvenile specimen (T662-B) to the largest (T629-A4-2). Tables 2–3 show that all the basic quantitative variables of aboral cup and stalk depend on growth, whereas ratios are independent of size (Hc/Dc, Hr/Wr, Wr/Wb, Dc/ Drb). In this case, detecting ontogenetic trends in morphological changes is difficult due to the small number of specimens. However, arms seem to grow more rapidly than pinnules, radials than basals, and size of aboral cup than stalk diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A52E65B40A8FF4FFE4BFE19" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Variations in theca ornamentation in large specimens are illustrated in Figs. 5–6. Aboral cup ornamentation can vary in one specimen from one interradius to another as in specimen T629-A4-2 (Figs. 6c, d). The juvenile has a weak ornamentation on the theca, and its orals bear finger-like projections which disappear in the three largest specimens. This suggests changes through ontogeny. A similar pattern of aboral cup ornamentation was described in the abyssal species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A52E65B41E2FEF1FCE6FEAE" authority="Roux &amp; Pawson, 1999" authorityName="Roux &amp; Pawson" authorityYear="1999" box="[399,841,295,320]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Hyocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="foelli">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A52E65B41E2FEF1FDEAFED1" box="[399,581,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hyocrinus foelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A52E65B4226FEF0FCE6FEAE" author="Roux" box="[587,841,295,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Roux, M. &amp; Pawson, D. L. (1999) Two new Pacific Ocean species of hyocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata), with comments on presumed giant-dwarf gradients related to seamounts and abyssal plains. Pacific Science, 53, 3, 289 - 298." type="journal article" year="1999">Roux &amp; Pawson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A52E65B43D4FEF0FB97FEAE" author="Roux" box="[953,1080,295,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Roux, M. (2004) New hyocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from submersible investigations in the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 58, 4, 597 - 613." type="journal article" year="2004">Roux 2004</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 4j). It is weakly present in the 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76380A52E65B40A9FE94FE83FEF5" box="[196,300,332,356]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A52E65B41FCFE95FD18FEF5" box="[401,695,333,356]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Dumetocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A52E65B41FCFE95FD18FEF5" box="[401,695,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dumetocrinus antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A52E65B435DFE94FC05FEF5" author="John" box="[816,938,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="John, D. D. (1937) Crinoidea. Resultats du voyage de S. Y. &quot; Belgica &quot;, Expedition antarctique belge, Rapport scientifique, Zoologie, Anvers: 1 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1937">John 1937</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 1). So, it occurs in hyocrinid species belonging to different genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A52E65B40FAFA0BFD48F9BF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1489,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A52E65B40FAFA0BFE88FA7A" bold="true" box="[151,295,1489,1515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A52E65B4140FA0CFD8CFA7B" box="[301,547,1492,1514]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A52E65B4140FA0CFD8CFA7B" box="[301,547,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A52E65B4244FA0CFDCDFA78" box="[553,610,1492,1513]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A52E65B4244FA0CFDCDFA78" bold="true" box="[553,610,1492,1513]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, columnal articulations of the juvenile 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A52E65B4382FA0DFBE9FA7B" box="[1007,1094,1493,1514]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
T622-B (SEM micrographs). a to c: symplexies in proximal mesistele; a–b: same columnal; c: opposite facet; d–e: symplexy in middle mesistele near Dm; f: syzygy of distalmost columnal; arrow indicates claustrum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A52E65B40A8F985FE9FF84C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1629,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Variations in arm pattern (
<tableCitation id="C6D903130A52E65B4184F985FD90F9E4" box="[489,575,1629,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 4. Variations of arm pattern in the type series of Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp.; Dp used as growth index; red numbers: free brachials; black numbers: brachial pairs; bold numbers: brachial bearing the first pinnule." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 4</tableCitation>
) suggest that the number of successive brachial pairs proximally and of successive muscular articulations distally tend to increase through ontogeny and can be interpreted as adaptive characters, because arm flexibility depends on frequency of muscular articulations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A52E65B4399F97DFA9DF92C" author="Mironov" box="[1012,1330,1701,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Mironov, A. N. &amp; Sorokina, O. A. (1998 b) Sea lilies of the order Hyocrinida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 2, 1 - 117 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="b">Mironov &amp; Sorokina 1998b</bibRefCitation>
). Beyond Br4, the first free brachial mainly appears before Br 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A52E65B428AF911FC8FF970" box="[743,800,1737,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
the juvenile specimen, and after Br10 or more in larger specimens. Beyond Br25, despite muscular articulations usually predominating, the arm pattern is variable and independent of size from a series of more than 15 successive muscular articulations (sometimes reaching the arm end) to an exceptionally long series of successive brachial pairs. Except in the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A52E65B447CF8EDFBD9F8DC" box="[1041,1142,1845,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, arm pattern can vary significantly from one arm to another in the same specimen. However, the main characters of the arm pattern are relatively constant: 1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+10 (80%) and first pinnule always on Br4; beyond Br4, free brachials at Br13 (52%), Br16 (64%) and Br19 (64%); a series of three or more successive muscular articulations usually appears beyond Br19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40AAFF4FFE71FE16" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Despite its medium size, the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A53E65A427AFF4FFDD6FF3E" box="[535,633,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a more robust crown and relatively shorter arms, a very constant proximal arm pattern with four successive brachial pairs, a coarse ornamentation on the theca and the greatest inflation of the tegmen and proximal adoral face of arms. Comparing it with the other specimens, especially with the juvenile, it appears to have the most derived states of the species characters. In distal arm pattern, the most derived trend is realized in a single arm (specimen T629-A4-2) with a series of successive brachial pairs to the distal end. In the genital pinnules, variations in the extension of lateral plates and inflation of the adoral faces of arms might depend on gonad maturation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2466200A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F" ID-Table-UUID="DF2466200A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F" box="[151,1227,440,462]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2466200A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[151,1420,489,1551]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F" blockId="15.[151,1227,440,462]" box="[151,1227,440,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A40FAFE60FEABFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,260,440,461]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Comparison of the main morphological characters in the two known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A4443FE60FB6AFE5F" box="[1070,1221,440,462]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A4443FE60FB6AFE5F" box="[1070,1221,440,462]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gephyrocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40C9FE31FBD8F99E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table id="F95BC4080A5319AA40FAFE31FA23F99E" box="[151,1420,489,1551]" gridcols="3" gridrows="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFE31FA23FE6E" box="[151,1420,489,511]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFE31FED9FE6E" box="[151,374,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">characters</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FE31FC2AFE6E" box="[405,901,489,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A41F8FE31FD3EFE6E" box="[405,657,489,511]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A41F8FE31FD3EFE6E" box="[405,657,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gephyrocrinus grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FE31FA23FE6E" box="[922,1420,489,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A43F7FE31FB3FFE6E" box="[922,1168,489,511]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A43F7FE31FB3FFE6E" box="[922,1168,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFDCAFA23FDB9" box="[151,1420,530,552]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFDCAFED9FDB9" box="[151,374,530,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crown length</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FDCAFC2AFDB9" box="[405,901,530,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&lt;30 mm</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FDCAFA23FDB9" box="[922,1420,530,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&gt;40 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFDE3FA23FDC3" box="[151,1420,571,594]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFDE3FED9FDC3" box="[151,374,571,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Proximal brachials</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FDE3FC2AFDC3" box="[405,901,571,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">no lateral wings or spines</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FDE3FA23FDC3" box="[922,1420,571,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">moderate lateral wings or spines</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFDBDFA23FD46" box="[151,1420,613,727]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFDBDFED9FD46" box="[151,374,613,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arm pattern</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FDBDFC2AFD46" box="[405,901,613,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+10…(87%), presence of bra- chial triplets at various places, usually (99%) only series of successive brachial pairs up to arm tip, free brachials rare</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FDBDFA23FD46" box="[922,1420,613,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2 3 4 5+6 7+8 9+10… (80%), brachial triplet exceptional, usually (&gt;50%) free brachials at Br13, 16 and 19, series of successive free brachials in distal half of arms</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFD32FA23FC90" box="[151,1420,746,769]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFD32FED9FC90" box="[151,374,746,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Br bearing P1</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FD32FC2AFC90" box="[405,901,746,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Usually Br4 (Br5 4%)</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FD32FA23FC90" box="[922,1420,746,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Br4 (unknown on Br5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFCCBFA23FCB8" box="[151,1420,787,809]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFCCBFED9FCB8" box="[151,374,787,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IR space (Wr/Wb)</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FCCBFC2AFCB8" box="[405,901,787,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.2 to 1.8</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FCCBFA23FCB8" box="[922,1420,787,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&gt;1.9, usually&gt;2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFCE5FA23FCC2" box="[151,1420,829,851]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFCE5FED9FCC2" box="[151,374,829,851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pinnules/arm side</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FCE5FC2AFCC2" box="[405,901,829,851]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&lt;10</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FCE5FA23FCC2" box="[922,1420,829,851]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&gt;20, up to 42</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFCBEFA23FCED" box="[151,1420,870,892]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFCBEFED9FCED" box="[151,374,870,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pinnule feature</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FCBEFC2AFCED" box="[405,901,870,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stout and relatively rigid</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FCBEFA23FCED" box="[922,1420,870,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Graceful and relatively flexible</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFC48FA23FC37" box="[151,1420,912,934]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFC48FED9FC37" box="[151,374,912,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pinnule socket</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FC48FC2AFC37" box="[405,901,912,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">On distal half of brachial height</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FC48FA23FC37" box="[922,1420,912,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">On middle part of brachial height</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFC61FA23FC7F" box="[151,1420,953,1006]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFC61FED9FC7F" box="[151,374,953,1006]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lateral plates in pin- nule</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FC61FC2AFC7F" box="[405,901,953,1006]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Numerous polygonal plates not in rows in proxi- mal inflation, lateral plates all along pinnule</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FC61FA23FC7F" box="[922,1420,953,1006]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Numerous polygonal plates not in rows in proxi- malmost inflation, lateral plates all along pinnule</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFBD9FA23FBA7" box="[151,1420,1025,1078]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFBD9FED9FBA7" box="[151,374,1025,1078]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cover plates in pin- nule</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FBD9FC2AFBA7" box="[405,901,1025,1078]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rarely conspicuous in proximal and middle pin- nule, with lanceolate shape in distal pinnule</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FBD9FA23FBA7" box="[922,1420,1025,1078]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Well-developed all along pinnule, lanceolate to round</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFB91FA23FBEF" box="[151,1420,1097,1150]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFB91FED9FBEF" box="[151,374,1097,1150]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ornamentation of theca</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FB91FC2AFBEF" box="[405,901,1097,1150]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Absent</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FB91FA23FBEF" box="[922,1420,1097,1150]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Very conspicuous with transverse and radial ridges</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFB49FA23FB36" box="[151,1420,1169,1191]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFB49FED9FB36" box="[151,374,1169,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tegmen inflation</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FB49FC2AFB36" box="[405,901,1169,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Reaching Br4–5, to Br6–7 in largest specimens</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FB49FA23FB36" box="[922,1420,1169,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Variously inflated, reaching Br 6–8, globular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFB62FA23FB7E" box="[151,1420,1210,1263]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFB62FED9FB7E" box="[151,374,1210,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tegminal plates per interradius</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FB62FC2AFB7E" box="[405,901,1210,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Usually 12–15, rarely up to 18, smooth and con- vex</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FB62FA23FB7E" box="[922,1420,1210,1263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">&gt;20, verrucose or spiny</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFADAFA23FAA6" box="[151,1420,1282,1335]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFADAFED9FAA6" box="[151,374,1282,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anal cone</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FADAFC2AFAA6" box="[405,901,1282,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Subconical, higher than oral cone</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FADAFA23FAA6" box="[922,1420,1282,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bottle-shaped, slightly lower or higher than oral cone</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFA92FA23FAEE" box="[151,1420,1354,1407]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFA92FED9FAEE" box="[151,374,1354,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orals</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FA92FC2AFAEE" box="[405,901,1354,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Well-developed, convex and smooth</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FA92FA23FAEE" box="[922,1420,1354,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Well-developed, frequently with rounded expan- sion at top</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFA4AFA23FA77" box="[151,1420,1426,1510]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFA4AFED9FA77" box="[151,374,1426,1510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aboral cup</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FA4AFC2AFA77" box="[405,901,1426,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">No angle between radials and basals, no orna- mentation, base usually flanged</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FA4AFA23FA77" box="[922,1420,1426,1510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Angle weak or absent between radials and basals, conspicuous ornamentation, base strongly flanged</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356B34EA0A5319AA40FAFA21FA23F99E" box="[151,1420,1529,1551]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="76BA5D960A5319AA40FAFA21FED9F99E" box="[151,374,1529,1551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Proximal columnals</th>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA41F8FA21FC2AF99E" box="[405,901,1529,1551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polygonal without knobs</td>
<td id="76BA5D960A5319AA43F7FA21FA23F99E" box="[922,1420,1529,1551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polygonal with knobs</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40C9F9FAFAC4F9A9" blockId="15.[164,1399,1570,1695]" box="[164,1387,1570,1592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Crenular units in sym- 6–8 of 1–2 crenulae 6–7 of 1–2 crenulae (nearly 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A53E65A44D4F9FBFB4FF9A9" box="[1209,1248,1570,1592]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
largest speci-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40C9F999FC60F9C6" blockId="15.[164,1399,1570,1695]" box="[164,975,1601,1623]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">plexies men)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A40C9F9B2FAD8F911" blockId="15.[164,1399,1570,1695]" box="[164,1399,1642,1664]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distal syzygies Radial to weakly labyrinthic pattern, crenulae Irregular radial pattern in juvenile, unknown in</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E65A41F8F951FC79F90E" blockId="15.[164,1399,1570,1695]" box="[405,982,1673,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">less developed adults</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A53E64540A8F93CFD87FEF5" blockId="15.[151,1437,1764,2004]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The Atlantic species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A41D9F93DFD92F96D" box="[436,573,1764,1788]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A41D9F93DFD92F96D" box="[436,573,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its small size, arms with a series of successive brachial pairs only beyond Br4, brachials lacking a constriction, relatively stout pinnules, tegmen not globular, anal sac always taller than oral cone, interray width smaller and theca ornamentation almost absent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A53E65A4466F8F4FB42F8D5" author="Roux" box="[1035,1261,1836,1860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Roux, M. &amp; Bohn, J. (2010) Revision of Gephyrocrinus grimaldii Koehler &amp; Bather, 1902 (Echinodermata, stalked Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Zoosystema, 32, 3, 425 - 437." type="journal article" year="2010">Roux &amp; Bohn 2010</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="C6D903130A53E65A456EF8F4FAF4F8D5" box="[1283,1371,1836,1860]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,235,440,461]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,489,1551]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of the main morphological characters in the two known species of Gephyrocrinus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2466200A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="DF2466200A53E65A40FAFE60FB64FE5F">Table 5</tableCitation>
). The two species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A4150F888FE4BF8F9" box="[317,484,1872,1896]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A4150F888FE4BF8F9" box="[317,484,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gephyrocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the same general pattern of stalk articulations, high frequency of brachial pairs in proximal and middle arm, and pinnule architecture. Small polygonal lateral plates, which cover the genital inflation in pinnules of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A4105F840FE41F821" box="[360,494,1944,1968]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A4105F840FE41F821" box="[360,494,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are restricted to its proximalmost part in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A53E65A43ACF840FBEEF821" box="[961,1089,1944,1968]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A43ACF840FBEEF821" box="[961,1089,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A53E65A442AF840FB2AF821" box="[1095,1157,1944,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A53E65A442AF840FB2AF821" bold="true" box="[1095,1157,1944,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The latter species develops larger lateral plates that allow genital inflation, but the basic elements of pinnule architecture are the same. As suggested by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE6454143FF40FDB2FF3E" author="Roux" box="[302,541,151,175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Roux, M. &amp; Bohn, J. (2010) Revision of Gephyrocrinus grimaldii Koehler &amp; Bather, 1902 (Echinodermata, stalked Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Zoosystema, 32, 3, 425 - 437." type="journal article" year="2010">Roux &amp; Bohn (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, and using data from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE6454361FF40FC23FF21" box="[780,908,152,176]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454361FF40FC23FF21" box="[780,908,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A4CE64543FFFF40FC7FFF21" box="[914,976,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64543FFFF40FC7FFF21" bold="true" box="[914,976,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the arm pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64544C7FF40FA9FFF21" box="[1194,1328,152,176]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64544C7FF40FA9FFF21" box="[1194,1328,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with brachial pairs reaching the arm end corresponds to the most extreme state of development of this derived adaptive character. The small size of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64541BBFF38FDF1FF69" box="[470,606,224,248]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64541BBFF38FDF1FF69" box="[470,606,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests a differentiation mainly by peadomorphy (progenesis). The two species live in mesobathyal depths, isolated in two separate ocean basins. In the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE6454406FEDCFABDFE8D" box="[1131,1298,260,284]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454406FEDCFABDFE8D" box="[1131,1298,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gephyrocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they correspond to divergent phenotypes probably resulting from allopatric speciation after closing of the Pacific-Atlantic pathway (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE6454169FE94FDB4FEF5" author="Ameziane" box="[260,539,332,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Ameziane, N. &amp; Roux, M. (1997) Biodiversity and historical biogeography of stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) in the deep sea. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 1557 - 1570." type="journal article" year="1997">Améziane &amp; Roux 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A4CE64540A8FEA8FE2BFDAD" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64540A8FEA8FE75FE19" box="[197,474,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64540A8FEA8FE75FE19" box="[197,474,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A4CE6454188FEA8FD86FE19" box="[485,553,368,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454188FEA8FD86FE19" bold="true" box="[485,553,368,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64542A1FEA8FCE7FE19" box="[716,840,368,392]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Ptilocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64542A1FEA8FCE7FE19" box="[716,840,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ptilocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having relatively gracile pinnules, highly ornamented aboral cup and tegmen, no free brachials between Br4 and Br9 (except in the juvenile), a series of free brachials usually after Br19, wider interrays, pinnule architecture, flanged aboral border of basal ring, lateral projections on proximal columnals, and stalk symplexies with relatively short crenulae. The 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A4CE64544DFFE04FABBFE65" box="[1202,1300,476,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
shares with species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64541C5FDD8FD8BFD89" box="[424,548,512,536]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Ptilocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64541C5FDD8FD8BFD89" box="[424,548,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ptilocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a tegmen with orals at the top of regular rows formed by relatively less differentiated cover plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A4CE64540A8FD9FFC80FC85" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76380A4CE6454096FD9FFECCFDCE" box="[251,355,583,607]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64541A6FD91FD5DFDF1" box="[459,754,585,608]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Dumetocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64541A6FD91FD5DFDF1" box="[459,754,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dumetocrinus antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE64543E6FD90FB30FDF1" box="[907,1183,584,608]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64543E6FD90FB30FDF1" box="[907,1183,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A4CE64544C6FD90FB41FDF1" box="[1195,1262,584,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64544C6FD90FB41FDF1" bold="true" box="[1195,1262,584,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
a very similar globular inflated tegmen with a verrucose ornamentation, anal sac shorter than oral cone and smooth orals of moderate size (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE645417CFD57FE23FD36" author="John" box="[273,396,655,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="John, D. D. (1937) Crinoidea. Resultats du voyage de S. Y. &quot; Belgica &quot;, Expedition antarctique belge, Rapport scientifique, Zoologie, Anvers: 1 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1937">John 1937</bibRefCitation>
). Both species have a flanged border at base of aboral cup. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE645445BFD49FB79FD39" box="[1078,1238,657,680]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Dumetocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE645445BFD49FB79FD39" box="[1078,1238,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs mainly in stalk symplexies with a dozen crenular units (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE64542AEFD6CFCE4FD5D" author="Roux" box="[707,843,692,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Roux, M. (1980) Les articulations du pedoncule des Hyocrinidae (Echinodermes, Crinoides pedoncules): interet systematique et consequences. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4 e serie, 2, section A, 1, 31 - 57." type="journal article" year="1980">Roux 1980</bibRefCitation>
), presence of H-shaped plates in genital pinnules (Mironov &amp; Sorokina 1998), and an arm pattern usually without a series of successive brachial pairs (M.R. unpublished observations on all the specimens of the 
<typeStatus id="54E0880A0A4CE64542CAFD25FD78FC84" box="[679,727,765,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
series).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A4CE64540A8FCC7FBEAFC7D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The central eastern Pacific species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE6454220FCF8FCF0FCA9" box="[589,863,800,824]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Calamocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diomedae">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454220FCF8FCF0FCA9" box="[589,863,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calamocrinus diomedae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE6454386FCF8FB3DFCA9" box="[1003,1170,800,824]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454386FCF8FB3DFCA9" box="[1003,1170,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gephyrocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the presence of successive brachial pairs proximally, genital expansion at the pinnule base with numerous lateral plates not in rows, proximal stalk symplexies with 7 crenular units in juveniles, and a flanged aboral border of basal ring (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE6454494FCBFFA38FCEE" author="Agassiz" box="[1273,1431,871,895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Agassiz, A. (1892) Calamocrinus diomedae, a new stalked crinoid. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 17, 2, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1892">Agassiz 1892</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B590A4CE64540FAFC55FEB8FC35" author="Roux" box="[151,279,908,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Roux, M. (2004) New hyocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from submersible investigations in the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 58, 4, 597 - 613." type="journal article" year="2004">Roux 2004</bibRefCitation>
). It differs mainly in having divided arms, no lateral plates in the middle and distal parts of the pinnules, and stalk symplexies with up to 16 crenular units in adults. It shares with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D2B0A4CE6454388FC68FB58FC59" box="[997,1271,944,968]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Gephyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="messingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454388FC68FB58FC59" box="[997,1271,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gephyrocrinus messingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21C57C10A4CE6454492FC68FAEFFC59" box="[1279,1344,944,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE6454492FC68FAEFFC59" bold="true" box="[1279,1344,944,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the frequent alternation of brachial pairs and free brachials (a+b c d+e f…) in the mid arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436A80A4CE64540AAFC2FFAC3FB9E" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,1388,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B92FEABA0A4CE64540AAFC2FFEF6FB81" bold="true" box="[199,345,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Northeastern Pacific (off British 
<collectingCountry id="F34C76380A4CE64542BCFC2FFC90FB9E" box="[721,831,1015,1039]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Columbia</collectingCountry>
and California), at depths from 
<quantity id="4CA39B4D0A4CE64544CAFC2FFAC7FB9E" box="[1191,1384,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9434999999999998" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="1.777" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1943.5" valueMax="2110.0" valueMin="1777.0">1,777 to 2,110 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>