360 lines
53 KiB
XML
360 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="4511A1C753C4AF2D04F9A083DA23B654" ID-CLB-Dataset="28413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ca25900-3a6f-4f10-9331-dff9eeccbb8d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2589400" ID-ZooBank="FDADF9CA-379C-4980-8AE4-D47F58537E3F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1552236971884" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rocha, Rosana M. & Counts, Bailey Keegan" docDate="2019" docId="03DA3E07B059FFF985E1DDD803D0F9F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4564.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4564 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pyura carmanae Rocha & Counts 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E0CB2AD6-478D-418C-A8A0-F05383594564" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="494" masterDocId="FFE3467FB058FFFA8576DD040707FB3D" masterDocTitle="Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama" masterLastPageNumber="513" masterPageNumber="491" pageNumber="492" updateTime="1698701146666" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5FE2B81AFA6F196CFB32FD8FF0CEB1E0">
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<mods:title id="6607411379C32909E5CE919982452B7C">Pyura (Tunicata: Ascidiacea: Pyuridae) on the coasts of Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="93B8C0893C158ED4AD881701D3C462B3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3D6D3EEEBFB3E8CAB4998EFFD7E744B2">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C32D224C476197FF881ED9D405E0F94">Counts, Bailey Keegan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="069E06E630EC0B43D95D38937CB663A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F6DD51213DFD17916E620309649A2D18">
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<mods:date id="13DAE8DDF034A5C3A8FF7DBA197B4F9C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="536FB53B9943813A96A2FC0A9EE37D34">2019-03-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="680028C9C3C9717A464EED163D24FB42">4564</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DA3E07B059FFF985E1DDD803D0F9F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5930324" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5930324" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0CB2AD6-478D-418C-A8A0-F05383594564" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA3E07B059FFF985E1DDD803D0F9F0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFFB85E1DDD806C2FBCA" box="[151,453,220,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DDD806C2FBCA" blockId="1.[151,966,220,317]" box="[151,453,220,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<heading id="D084387DB059FFFB85E1DDD806C2FBCA" bold="true" box="[151,453,220,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85E1DDD806C2FBCA" bold="true" box="[151,453,220,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B059FFFB85E1DDD80658FBCB" authority="Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,351,220,246]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85E1DDD80658FBCB" bold="true" box="[151,351,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Pyura carmanae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234EE78B059FFFB8411DDD906C2FBCA" box="[359,453,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFFB85E1DDFB04C1FA00" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DDFB0628FA25" blockId="1.[151,966,220,317]" box="[151,303,255,280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB85E8DDFB060EFA25" box="[158,265,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB8461DC040621FA25" box="[279,294,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DC2004C1FA00" blockId="1.[151,966,220,317]" box="[151,966,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<uri id="FFE28313B059FFFB85E1DC2004C1FA00" box="[151,966,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFD5B5C4B059FFFB84D3DC2004C1FA00" box="[421,966,292,317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">E0CB2AD6-478D-418C-A8A0-F05383594564</uuid>
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</uri>
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFFB85E1DC690547FABF" box="[151,576,364,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DC690547FABF" blockId="1.[151,576,364,386]" box="[151,576,364,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63A83FB059FFFB85E1DC690547FABF" box="[151,576,364,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B059FFFB85E1DC6907D2FABF" ID-CoL="7PX7Q" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[151,213,365,386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85E1DC6907D2FABF" box="[151,213,365,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Pyura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B059FFFB8588DC68053AFABF" ID-CoL="4QYC8" authority=": Tokioka, 1972: 399" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityPageNumber="399" authorityYear="1972" box="[254,573,364,386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB8450DC690660FABF" box="[294,359,365,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">vittata</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD2A900B059FFFB8402DC68053AFABF" author="Tokioka, T." box="[372,573,364,386]" page="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B059FFFB8402DC68050DFABF" author="Tokioka, T." box="[372,522,364,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" pagination="383 - 408" refId="ref12215" refString="Tokioka, T. (1972) On a small collection of ascidians from the pacific coast of Costa Rica. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 19 (6), 383 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175738" type="journal article" year="1972">Tokioka, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 399
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFFB85E1DCAA0675F90E" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DCAA0594FAD6" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85E1DCAA0693FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,404,430,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Materials examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1B854CB059FFFB84D7DCAA0594FAD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012768542" collectingDate="2009-10-01" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Iceland" latitude="7.7383337" location="Canales de Tierra" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-81.579666" municipality="Shark Point" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" specimenCode="MZUSP553" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB84D7DCAA0509FAFA" box="[417,526,430,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBD5276AB059FFFB8768DCAA05A1FAFA" box="[542,678,430,455]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">MZUSP553</specimenCode>
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one individual,
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<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B059FFFB8619DCAA0490FAFA" box="[879,919,430,455]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Isla</collectingCountry>
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<location id="8EACD9CAB059FFFB86D2DCAA037FFAFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA3E07B059FFF985E1DDD803D0F9F0:8EACD9CAB059FFFB86D2DCAA037FFAFA" box="[932,1144,430,455]" country="Iceland" latitude="7.7383337" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-81.579666" municipality="Shark Point" name="Canales de Tierra" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Canales de Tierra</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8156BB059FFFB81FCDCAA0211FAFA" box="[1162,1302,430,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Shark Point</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE47E9D6B059FFFB805EDCAB029BFAFA" box="[1320,1436,431,455]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" precision="15" value="7.7383337">7°44'18”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE47E9D6B059FFFB85E1DCD60632FAD6" box="[151,309,466,491]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" precision="1" value="-81.579666">81°34'46.8”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB8436DCD7066EFAD6" box="[320,361,467,491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">leg.</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="2686EAC7B059FFFB8406DCD70505FAD6" box="[368,514,466,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">R. M. Rocha</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFCDA9D1B059FFFB877BDCD70589FAD6" box="[525,654,467,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" value="2009-10-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF895039B059FFFB877BDCD70589FAD6" box="[525,654,467,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" value="2009-10-01">10.01.2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1DCF20675F90E" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1B854CB059FFFB85B1DCF2066AF90E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012768559" collectingDate="2009-10-01" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="R. M. Rocha" country="Iceland" latitude="7.7383337" location="Canales" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-81.579666" municipality="Shark Point" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" specimenCode="PYU-127" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85B1DCF2063AF932" bold="true" box="[199,317,502,527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB85B1DCF2063FF932" box="[199,312,502,527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED6217D4B059FFFB8432DCF3068AF933" box="[324,397,503,526]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBD5276AB059FFFB84E3DCF30506F932" box="[405,513,503,527]" collectionCode="PYU-" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">PYU-127</specimenCode>
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seven individuals,
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<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B059FFFB87ADDCF20404F932" box="[731,771,502,527]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Isla</collectingCountry>
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<location id="8EACD9CAB059FFFB867DDCF20460F932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA3E07B059FFF985E1DDD803D0F9F0:8EACD9CAB059FFFB867DDCF20460F932" box="[779,871,502,527]" country="Iceland" latitude="7.7383337" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-81.579666" municipality="Shark Point" name="Canales" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Canales</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8156BB059FFFB8604DCF204FEF932" box="[882,1017,502,527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Shark Point</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE47E9D6B059FFFB8173DCF3037EF932" box="[1029,1145,503,527]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" precision="15" value="7.7383337">7°44'18”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE47E9D6B059FFFB81F6DCF20219F932" box="[1152,1310,502,527]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" precision="1" value="-81.579666">81°34'46.8”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB805CDCF20254F933" box="[1322,1363,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">leg.</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="2686EAC7B059FFFB802DDCF307E5F90E" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">R. M. Rocha</collectorName>
|
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,
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<date id="FFCDA9D1B059FFFB859ADF1F066AF90E" box="[236,365,539,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" value="2009-10-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF895039B059FFFB859ADF1F066AF90E" box="[236,365,539,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" value="2009-10-01">10.01.2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFFB85B1DF3A054AF9A2" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1DF3A054AF9A2" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85B1DF3A0649F96A" bold="true" box="[199,334,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name of the species is a homage to Mary Carman from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution who coordinated the expedition that found the species and for her important work concerning the study and management of invasive ascidians.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB059FFF885B1DFAE055AFCE8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1DFAE03C1F8DE" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
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<emphasis id="B9075303B059FFFB85B1DFAE065EF9FE" bold="true" box="[199,345,682,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Living specimens are yellow and wrinkled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB863BDFAE04CEF9FE" box="[845,969,682,707]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); often found under rocks attached by the posterior region of the left side. The animals are usually
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB867CDFCB045AF9DB" box="[778,861,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long but can reach
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB8140DFCA0386F9DB" box="[1078,1153,718,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB81DCDFCB03E6F9DB" box="[1194,1249,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
and are very flat (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB85BCDFF6062BF836" box="[202,300,754,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB8442DFF60686F837" box="[308,385,754,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB8482DFF60546F837" box="[500,577,754,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). The siphons are bumpy, apical and can be close together with little space separating the two or a little separated with the atrial siphon more lateral. The oral siphon is typically longer than the atrial siphon, but length varies among individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB86F5DE3E04DCF86E" box="[899,987,826,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and none of the siphons have spinules on the border or on their internal lining. After fixation, animals still retain the yellow coloration, but the tunic is white inside and presents many bumps and horizontal wrinkles; notably in the anterior half of the animal. The rough tunic is relatively thick (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB8487DEA30555F882" box="[497,594,935,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and can show a tessellate pattern in the posterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB81B1DEA2021BF882" box="[1223,1308,934,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tunic is usually clean of encrustations, but some bryozoans and entoprocts sparsely cover the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1DEEA06C2FFAA" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
The body wall coloration varies. In fresh specimens, red coloration can be seen on the siphons. After fixation, it is often white or a faint yellow. The musculature of the siphons is strong. Circular muscles are heavily dense around the siphons, making them contracted. Longitudinal fibers placed tightly together radiate from the siphons down the body resembling a continuous sheet of muscles, however, the U-shaped right gonad is often seen through the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB8449D97A06BFFFAA" box="[319,440,1150,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[164,1422,700,1721]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1D9A6024AFEE6" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
There are 22 laterally flattened oral tentacles in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB867AD9A60469FF86" box="[780,878,1186,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
on a ring of strong circular muscles embedded in the body wall, but the number ranges from 20 to 30 among samples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB86CDD9C20311FFE2" box="[955,1046,1222,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles are in one or two size orders but some specimens the tentacles mainly show one size, with a few smaller in between. Tentacles are thin, have a larger base that tapers off towards the end, and mostly have second order ramifications only; however, third order ramifications were viewed in some samples. The prepharyngeal groove is made up of two equal size lamellae, very close to the line of tentacles, forming a shallow V around the dorsal tubercle, which can be completely hidden under the tentacles. The aperture of the dorsal tubercle is U-shaped. The dorsal lamina does not begin immediately after the dorsal tubercle; instead, a small distance separates the two. The dorsal lamina is composed of long languets;
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB84A5D8C7050BFEE6" box="[467,524,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="in" value="80.0">80 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB874AD8C605A5FEE6" box="[572,674,1474,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The pharynx is attached to the body wall by slender vessels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1D8E203B4FD7A" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
The pharynx is uncolored with six folds per side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB878DD8E20451FEC2" box="[763,854,1510,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some cases, the right side folds are higher than the left side, and the ventral folds are reduced. Although high, the folds are separated from each other and do not overlap. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B059FFFB845DDB2A068AFD7A" box="[299,397,1582,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 231 longitudinal vessels and the formula is (from right to left side):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DB73037DFDB3" blockId="1.[151,1146,1654,1679]" box="[151,1146,1654,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">E 3 (8) 2 (13) 2 (16) 3 (19) 2 (20) 4 (21) 4 DL 1 (24) 3 (18) 0 (20) 3 (16) 3 (10) 8 (7) 6 E</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DBBA038EFDEA" blockId="1.[151,1161,1726,1751]" box="[151,1161,1726,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
While another smaller (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B22F4B059FFFB84E9DBBA06E9FDEA" box="[415,494,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="492" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
) exemplar had the following formula (177 vessels in total):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85E1DA03036CFC23" blockId="1.[151,1131,1798,1823]" box="[151,1131,1798,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">E 3 (6) 4 (9) 4 (13) 3 (12) 3 (11) 3 (19) 5 DL 1 (16) 2 (14) 3 (15) 3 (14) 3 (10) 2 (6) 3 E</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFFB85B1DA4A05C3FCB6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1870,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Parastigmatic vessels are present in many regions of the pharynx. There are four to six stigmata per mesh in between folds, and four or five on folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B059FFFB8717DA7605B0FCB6" box="[609,695,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B059FFF885B9DA93060CFA7D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1870,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="1" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Dense, irregular shaped endocarps are present on both sides of the animal. Those on the right are attached to the body wall dorsal and anterior to the right gonad, but absent between the right gonad and endostyle. Those on the left are attached to the body wall dorsal and anterior to the gut loop and there are also a few endocarps inside the primary intestinal loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF884A6DDB8054EFBE9" box="[464,585,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endocarps usually not present on the gut although in some specimens one or two small endocarps are on the descending intestinal wall. Endocarps are also present on the most anterior gonadal lobes. On several specimens, a few endocarps anteriorly placed looked to be storing an unknown substance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05AFFF885B1DC4806A5F9B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The primary intestinal loop is large, with the ascending intestine running along the endostyle, but does not extending up to the prepharyngeal groove, although it surpass the level of the anus; the descending intestine is short and forms a shallow secondary loop with the rectum extending all the way inside the atrial siphon in specimens with siphons closer to each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF8876FDCB30576FAED" box="[537,625,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In specimens with siphons a little bit more spaced, the primary loop is more narrow and the descending intestine longer, forming a more posterior secondary loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF881D6DCD803F0FAC9" box="[1184,1271,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The intestine is isodiametric, transparent, and there can be a constriction before the anus, which has a smooth rim, sometimes enrolled outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF88407DF2006CBF901" box="[369,460,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The digestive gland lies along the esophagus and stomach, with many small portions followed by a large and elongated mass of tubular projections, often yellow or green, with one connection with the stomach wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF8844DDF680692F9B9" box="[315,405,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0CDF99B05AFFF885E1DBD40272FC38" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589402/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493" startId="2.[151,250,1744,1766]" targetBox="[164,1422,700,1721]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05AFFF885E1DBD40272FC38" blockId="2.[151,1436,1744,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05AFFF885E1DBD40614FDD8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1744,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05AFFF8846FDBD606C5FDDA" authority="Rocha & Counts, 2019" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,450,1746,1767]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05AFFF8846FDBD606C5FDDA" box="[281,450,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Pyura carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05AFFF884BEDBD5051EFDDB" bold="true" box="[456,537,1745,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A234EE78B05AFFF884BEDBD5051EFDDB" box="[456,537,1745,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. External view of holotype. B. Tunic removed, right side view. C. Tunic removed, left side view. D. Two animals with long and separate siphons. E. Surface of tunic showing tessellate pattern. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05AFFF885B1DA28055AFCE8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1836,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The left gonad is spread inside the primary intestinal loop, the lobes have tubular connections with the main duct and are separated from each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF88706DA5405CBFC54" box="[624,716,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left gonad has 18–35 lobes. The lobes vary in size, are irregularly shaped, although tend to be oval. The right gonad is ventral and forms a deep U in the posterior half of the animal, with 28–35 lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF8849BDA9C0541FC8C" box="[493,582,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oviduct and sperm duct are slightly lobed and equally long, opening right at the base of the atrial siphon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13489394B05AFFF88480DAB90557FCE8" box="[502,592,1981,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,754,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,753,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pyura carmanae sp. nov. A. Dissected animal showing the pharynx (stained). B. Dissected animal with the pharynx removed, showing the digestive and reproductive systems. C. Anterior region with oral tentacles and dorsal tubercle (stained). D. Detail of the digestive gland. E. Dissected animal with separate siphons showing different intestine shape and the irregular endocarps (stained). F. Detail of the stigmata and parastigmatic vessels (stained pharynx). G. Atrial siphon showing the gonoducts and anus (stained)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2589404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="493">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369DC9AB05BFFF985B1DD9303D0F9F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC8F11B05BFFF985B1DD9303D0F9F0" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF985B1DD93063CFB8D" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF98434DD9306E8FB8D" author="Tokioka, T." box="[322,495,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="383 - 408" refId="ref12215" refString="Tokioka, T. (1972) On a small collection of ascidians from the pacific coast of Costa Rica. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 19 (6), 383 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175738" type="journal article" year="1972">Tokioka (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described 12 individuals of this species from Playas del Coco,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF981C1DD9C0235FB8D" box="[1207,1330,151,176]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98021DD9D060CFBE9" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98021DD9D060CFBE9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Pyura aff. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and he argued that character variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF987AADDB90447FBE9" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" box="[732,832,189,212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF987AADDB90447FBE9" box="[732,832,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not enough known at that time for the separation of that population as a new species. Indeed, the right gonad of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF9862FDDE504E2FBC5" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[857,997,225,248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9862FDDE504E2FBC5" box="[857,997,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the same shape as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98070DDE5026DFBCA" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" box="[1286,1386,224,248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98070DDE5026DFBCA" box="[1286,1386,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the dilated rectum, presence of endocarps on the intestine and gonads, larger number of longitudinal vessels and presence of spinules in the siphons in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98724DC2D05BFFA02" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" box="[594,696,296,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98724DC2D05BFFA02" box="[594,696,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguishes this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF9815CDC2D03BFFA7D" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[1066,1208,297,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9815CDC2D03BFFA7D" box="[1066,1208,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further, in Central America,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF9847FDC490676FA59" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" box="[265,369,333,356]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9847FDC490676FA59" box="[265,369,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only found in the Atlantic coast both on mangrove prop roots, coral reefs and artificial substrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF98461DC6B06EEFAB5" author="Rocha, R. M. & Moreno, T. R. & Faria, S. B." box="[279,489,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="600 - 612" refId="ref11994" refString="Rocha, R. M., Moreno, T. R. & Faria, S. B. (2005) Ascidians from Bocas del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 600 - 612." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Rocha
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9841CDC75069AFAB5" box="[362,413,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF9848EDC7405DDFAB5" author="Carman, M. R. & Bullard, S. G. & Rocha, R. M. & Lambert, G. & Dijkstra, J. A. & Roper, J. J. & Goodwin, A. & Carman, M. M. & Vail, E. M." box="[504,730,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="371 - 380" refId="ref11543" refString="Carman, M. R., Bullard, S. G., Rocha, R. M., Lambert, G., Dijkstra, J. A., Roper, J. J., Goodwin, A., Carman, M. M. & Vail, E. M. (2011) Ascidians at the Pacific and Atlantic entrances to the Panama Canal. Aquatic Invasions, 6 (4), 371 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2011.6.4.02" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9872CDC750592FAB5" box="[602,661,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF9864EDC7504C1FAB5" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[824,966,369,392]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9864EDC7504C1FAB5" box="[824,966,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only found under rocks in the Pacific coast. Thus, the known geographical distribution of this species extends north at least until
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF981BEDC90024DFA90" box="[1224,1354,404,429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98021DC9106BBFAED" authority="(Sluiter, 1898)" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discrepans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98021DC910608FAED" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Pyura discrepans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF98469DCB306B4FAED" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[287,435,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="5 - 34" refId="ref12179" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1898) Tuniciers recueillis en 1896 par La Chazalie dans la Mers des Antilles. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 11, 5 - 34." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF9872EDCB305C0FAED" box="[600,711,439,464]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF98676DCB3047BFAED" box="[768,892,439,464]" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98163DCBD03A5FAED" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[1045,1186,441,464]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98163DCBD03A5FAED" box="[1045,1186,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Main differences are the brownish-red tunic, irregular stigmata in the pharynx, presence of abundant endocarps on the descending intestine in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C831B3B05BFFF98433DCFB06A0F925" box="[325,423,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but not in the specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF9878BDCFB047DF925" box="[765,890,511,536]" name="Martinique" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and gonadal lobes not well attached to the body wall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98587DF21068FF901" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[241,392,548,572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discrepans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98587DF21068FF901" box="[241,392,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. discrepans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF984BCDF20055DF901" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[458,602,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="5 - 34" refId="ref12179" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1898) Tuniciers recueillis en 1896 par La Chazalie dans la Mers des Antilles. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 11, 5 - 34." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF9871FDF200408F901" author="Monniot, C." box="[617,783,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="1021 - 1044" refId="ref11777" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe. VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 e ser, A, 5 (4), 1021 - 1044." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF9866BDF2004C2F901" author="Monniot, F." box="[797,965,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="401 - 430" refId="ref11921" refString="Monniot, F. (2018) Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae. Zootaxa, 4459 (3), 401 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4459.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Monniot 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF986ACDF210230F900" authority="Monniot, 2016" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2016" box="[986,1335,548,573]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF986ACDF210384F901" box="[986,1155,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Pyura ocellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF981FBDF200230F900" author="Monniot, F." box="[1165,1335,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="201 - 245" refId="ref11881" refString="Monniot, F. (2016) Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa, 4114 (3), 201 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Monniot, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF9843EDF4306E9F95D" box="[328,494,583,608]" name="French Guiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF987C1DF4D0444F95D" authorityName="Rocha & Counts" authorityYear="2019" box="[695,835,585,608]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF987C1DF4D0444F95D" box="[695,835,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. carmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Main differences are the smaller size, short siphons, smaller number of stigmata per mesh, larger digestive track, larger number of gonadal lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF9819ADF690262F9B9" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2016" box="[1260,1381,620,644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF9819ADF690262F9B9" box="[1260,1381,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">P. ocellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE2F2E0B05BFFF985E1DF8B0643F995" author="Monniot, F." box="[151,324,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" pagination="201 - 245" refId="ref11881" refString="Monniot, F. (2016) Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition. Zootaxa, 4114 (3), 201 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Monniot, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among the samples in the Smithsonian Museum collection, USMN 0 14621 and USMN 0 14666 collected from Venado Beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F364CF81B05BFFF98499DFB1054FF9F1" box="[495,584,693,716]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9075303B05BFFF98679DFB1047EF9F1" box="[783,889,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C73F492B05BFFF98679DFB10473F9F1" authorityName=": Tokioka" authorityYear="1972" box="[783,884,693,716]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">P. vittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
actually belong in this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |