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<mods:title id="69FEF708153CF0ECF37B4F1A327DF792">A review of the endoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) from hermit crabs, including description of the new subfamily Diogenioninae and a new species of Paguritherium Reinhard, 1945 from the Philippines</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC9CA4CFF61AD4E58C9FD46" ID-CoL="6CVDQ" authority="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,905,619,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
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<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFF61AD4E5A56FD46" bold="true" box="[151,278,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Diogenion</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFEB5AD4E5A91FD46" bold="true" box="[323,465,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">vermifactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFE2EAD4E58C9FD46" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[472,905,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132444E8FFC9CA4CFF61ADAA5A5CFD69" box="[151,284,655,682]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[152,255,1659,1683]" captionStartId-1="7.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionStartId-2="8.[152,255,1134,1158]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,741,1636]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1110]" captionTargetId-0="figure-267@6.[151,1436,741,1636]" captionTargetId-1="figure-409@7.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@8.[151,1436,181,1110]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960, female (A, B = USNM 1522331, C = USNM 1522333). A. Host Calcinus gaimardii with ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus partially dissected from abdomen of host, lateral view. B. Same specimen shown in A, dorsal view of host and opposite side of ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus showing abdomen extending to exit pore near anterior end of hermit crab (indicated by arrow). C. Ovigerous female of D. cf. vermifactus with nearly all eggs removed, ventral view. Abbreviations: Hd, head; O1, oostegite 1. Scale bars: A, B, C = 3 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960, female (A, B, C = USNM 1522333, D = ZRC 2022.0962), A. Head, ventral view. B. Pereopod 1. C. Pereopod 6. D. Pleon. Male (E= USNM 1522332, F, G, H = USNM 1522334), E. Oblique lateral view. F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view of head region showing antennula, antenna, pereopod 1 and mouth parts (dashed lines show head region in relation to rest of body). H. Pereopod 6. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Md, mandible; Mxp, maxilliped; P1P7, pereopods 17; Pl15, pleomeres 15; Pt, pleotelson. Scale bars: A, D = 1.0 mm; B, C = 250 µm; E, F = 500 µm; G, H = 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Diogenion cf. vermifactus Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960, epicaridium larvae (USNM 1522332). A. Ventral view. B. Pereopods 16. C. Dorsal view. D. Pleopods 15, endopod below numbered appendages. E. Dorsal view of pleopods, uropods, and pleotelson. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; P1P6, pereopods 16; Pl15, pleomeres 15; Pt, pleotelson; Ur, Uropod. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C = 100 μm; D, E = 25 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685285" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685287" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685289" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7685285/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7685287/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7685289/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Figures 35</figureCitation>
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, fig. 1 (Red Sea, infesting
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Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFF31ADD65BBCFCC9" box="[199,252,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
1965: 225
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(mention);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFE12ADD759F5FCC9" author="Codreanu, R." box="[484,693,754,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="203 - 211" refId="ref15891" refString="Codreanu, R. (1967) Clasificarea evolutiva a bopirienilor, isopode parazite ale crustaceelor decapode si importanta lor biologica generala. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie Seria Zoologie, 19 (3), 203 - 211." type="journal article" year="1967">Codreanu 1967: 209</bibRefCitation>
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(mention);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFCD9ADD758B7FCC9" author="Bourdon, R." box="[815,1015,754,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="237 - 244" refId="ref15672" refString="Bourdon, R. (1980) Aporobopyrus dollfusi n. sp. (Crustacea, Epicaridea, Bopyridae) parasite de porcellanes de la Mer Rouge. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 e Serie. 2 (A), (1), 237 - 244." type="journal article" year="1980">Bourdon 1980: 243</bibRefCitation>
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(list);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFBCDADD75E5CFCC9" author="Adkison, D. L." box="[1083,1308,754,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" refId="ref15386" refString="Adkison, D. L. (1990) A review of the Entoniscinae (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Entoniscidae). Ph. D. thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1990">Adkison 1990: 3440</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3 (after
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Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFEC6AC375A23FCEA" box="[304,355,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
1960
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);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE7E7CFFC9CA4CFE47AC345931FCEA" author="Kensley, B." box="[433,625,785,809]" page="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" year="2001">
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</treatmentCitation>
(list);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFD42AC345883FCEA" author="McDermott, J. J. &amp; Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B." box="[692,963,785,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="2 - 44" refId="ref17363" refString="McDermott, J. J., Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2010) The unwanted guests of hermits: A global review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab parasites. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 394, 2 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2010.06.022" type="journal article" year="2010">
McDermott
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFCC7AC375824FCEA" box="[817,868,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 12
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(list), 28 (mention).
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unidentified entoniscid
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFE73AC155938FC84" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. &amp; Madad, A. Z." box="[389,632,815,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="83 - 118" refId="ref20238" refString="Williams, J. D., Boyko, C. B. &amp; Madad, A. Z. (2019) Branchial parasitic isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Pseudioninae) of hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 67, 83 - 118." type="journal article" year="2019">
Williams
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFE10AC155959FC8B" box="[486,537,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 85
</bibRefCitation>
, 97, 101, 104 (
<collectingCountry id="F30818FDFFC9CA4CFCFBAC1558C3FC8B" box="[781,899,816,840]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC9CA4CFC1DAC155FEDFC8B" ID-CoL="ed5cc512-9123-4507-bf53-10638487a5c7" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[1003,1197,816,840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFC1DAC155FEDFC8B" box="[1003,1197,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Calcinus gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC9CA4CFB2BAC155ECDFC84" ID-CoL="69a3ce6f-25cd-4a0b-b83e-c742ca7debf6" authorityName="Buitendijk" authorityYear="1837" box="[1245,1421,816,840]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFB2BAC155ECDFC84" box="[1245,1421,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Calcinus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6008E5FFC9CA4CFF6EA80C599CF86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" startId="5.[152,255,1833,1857]" targetBox="[159,1426,876,1801]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFC9CA4CFF6EA80C599CF86E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1833,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFF6EA80C5A5DF882" bold="true" box="[152,285,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC9CA4CFEDEA80F58D4F882" authority="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[296,916,1833,1857]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFEDEA80F5954F882" box="[296,532,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">Diogenion vermifactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFDE9A80C58D4F882" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[543,916,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFC54A80C58F4F882" bold="true" box="[930,948,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Female, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFB5BA80C5FFEF882" bold="true" box="[1197,1214,1833,1857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Male, ventral view. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Hd, head; O1O7, oostegites 17; O1t, transverse plate of oostegite 1; P1P7, pereopods 17; Pl15, pleomeres 15; S, host sheath; Pt, pleotelson; Tr, ovarian thoracic trunk; Ur, uropods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC9CA4CFE19A8B05998F86E" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[495,728,1941,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="17" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">
Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC9CA4CFDAEA8B359CBF86E" box="[600,651,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1960)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3050BE6FFCACA4FFF61AFB35FF0FD46" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCACA4FFF61AFB35FF0FD46" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61AFB35AC5FF73" bold="true" box="[151,389,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30818FDFFCACA4FFE79AFB25952FF72" box="[399,530,151,177]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Philippines</collectingCountry>
: Female (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFD70AFB259B0FF72" box="[646,752,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFCFCAFB2581DFF72" box="[778,861,151,177]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1522331), infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFBA4AFB25E6EFF72" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[1106,1326,151,177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFBA4AFB25E6EFF72" box="[1106,1326,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Calcinus gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFAB7AFB35EDDFF72" box="[1345,1437,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Lalaguna Beach, Puerto Galera,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFC99AF995F42FF16" box="[879,1026,187,215]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="13.525556">13°3132″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFBF9AF995FDEFF16" box="[1039,1182,187,215]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="8" value="120.96889">120°588″ E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. J.D. Williams,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFA78AF9E5A62FF3A" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="1999-03-03">3 March 1999</date>
. Female (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFE78AFFA5AA9FF3A" box="[398,489,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
), male (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFDB7AFFB59DCFF3A" box="[577,668,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
), and multiple larvae on two SEM stubs (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFB9EAFFA5FFBFF3A" box="[1128,1211,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1522332), infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFF61AE265A1DFEDE" authorityName="Forest" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,349,259,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61AE265A1DFEDE" box="[151,349,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Calcinus pulcher</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFE86AE275A8CFEDE" box="[368,460,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
SL), inhabiting unknown shell,
<collectingRegion id="49DB968FFFCACA4FFCB8AE2658F7FEDE" box="[846,951,259,285]" country="Philippines" name="Batangas" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Batangas</collectingRegion>
, Anilao,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFBD3AE215F91FEDE" box="[1061,1233,259,287]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="1" seconds="14.5" value="13.704027">13°4214.5″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFB17AE215ED7FEDE" box="[1249,1431,259,287]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="1" seconds="45.3" value="120.87925">120°5245.3″ E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. J.D. Williams,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFE8EAE025904FE82" box="[376,580,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="1999-02-13">13 February 1999</date>
. Female (19.0 mm) (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFCC6AE0258C3FE82" box="[816,899,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1522333), infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFB98AE025FBCFE82" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[1134,1276,295,321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB98AE025FC1FE82" box="[1134,1153,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB79AE025FBCFE82" box="[1167,1276,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6.0 mm SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Mabayo,
<collectingRegion id="49DB968FFFCACA4FFDC1AE6E59C8FEA6" box="[567,648,331,357]" country="Philippines" name="Bataan" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Bataan</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFD60AE695868FEA6" box="[662,808,331,359]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="00" value="14.733334">14°4400″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFCC0AE695892FEA6" box="[822,978,331,359]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="120.27556">120°1632″ E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. J.D. Williams,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFB3EAE6E5ED8FEA6" box="[1224,1432,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="1999-02-21">21 February 1999</date>
. Female (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFF0AAE4B5A26FE4A" box="[252,358,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
) and male (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFE02AE4B5910FE4A" box="[500,592,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFD9CAE4A59FDFE4A" box="[618,701,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1522334), infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFC47AE4A5F38FE4B" authorityName="Buitendijk" authorityYear="1837" box="[945,1144,367,393]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFC47AE4A5F38FE4B" box="[945,1144,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Calcinus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFB7CAE4A5FA5FE4A" box="[1162,1253,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
SL), inhabiting unknown shell, host also with bopyrid parasite (
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFD58AEB6583BFE6F" authorityName="Williams, Boyko &amp; Madad" authorityYear="2019" box="[686,891,403,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bopyridae" genus="Bopyrissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marami">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFD58AEB6583BFE6F" box="[686,891,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Bopyrissa marami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in right branchial chamber, Coco Beach, Puerto Galera,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFF19AE9D5A3EFE12" box="[239,382,439,467]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="13.525556">13°3132″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFE7EAE9D5961FE12" box="[392,545,439,467]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="44" value="120.96222">120°5744″ E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. J.D. Williams,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFCFCAE925882FE12" box="[778,962,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="1999-01-14">14 January 1999</date>
(indicated as
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFBABAE925E55FE12" box="[1117,1301,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="1999-01-12">
12 January
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFB2BAE925E55FE12" box="[1245,1301,439,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999</quantity>
</date>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFCACA4FFAC1AE925A52FE36" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. &amp; Madad, A. Z." pageId="6" pageNumber="18" pagination="83 - 118" refId="ref20238" refString="Williams, J. D., Boyko, C. B. &amp; Madad, A. Z. (2019) Branchial parasitic isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Bopyridae: Pseudioninae) of hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from the western Pacific, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 67, 83 - 118." type="journal article" year="2019">
Williams
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61AEFE5B8FFE36" box="[151,207,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Female (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFE73AEFF5AABFE36" box="[389,491,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="15.2">15.2 mm</quantity>
) and male (no measurement) (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFCCBAEFE5835FE36" box="[829,885,475,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">ZRC</collectionCode>
2022.0962), infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFB84AEFE5FBFFE36" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[1138,1279,475,501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB84AEFE5FC5FE36" box="[1138,1157,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB64AEFE5FBFFE36" box="[1170,1279,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFAF8AEFE5E25FE36" box="[1294,1381,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
SL), inhabiting unknown shell, Lalaguna Beach, Puerto Galera,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFCC7AD255881FDDA" box="[817,961,511,539]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="32" value="13.525556">13°3132″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B3EAAFFCACA4FFC3BAD255F18FDDA" box="[973,1112,511,539]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" precision="15" seconds="8" value="120.96889">120°588″ E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. J.D. Williams,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFAB3AEDA5B93FDFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="2000-06-17">17 June 2000</date>
. Female (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFEB6AD065ADAFDFE" box="[320,410,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
) and male (
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFDD7AD07593AFDFE" box="[545,634,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED0EC0A8FFCACA4FFD64AD06598AFDFE" box="[658,714,547,573]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">ZRC</collectionCode>
2016.0411) from male
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFC20AD065E64FDFE" baseAuthorityName="de Saint Laurent &amp; McLaughlin" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[982,1316,547,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurojacquesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFC20AD065E64FDFE" box="[982,1316,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Pagurojacquesia polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFAC2AD065ED0FDFE" box="[1332,1424,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
), inhabiting unknown shell, west off Panglao Island, Station CP2334, 09°37.500″ N, 123°40.200″ E (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFCACA4FFAD9AD625A59FD46" author="Richer de Forges, B. &amp; Tan, S. H. &amp; Bouchet, P. &amp; Ng, P. K. &amp; Chan, T. Y." pageId="6" pageNumber="18" pagination="19 - 36" refId="ref18973" refString="Richer de Forges, B., Tan, S. H., Bouchet, P., Ng, P. K. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2009) PANGLAO 2005 - Survey of the deep-water benthic fauna of the Bohol Sea and adjacent waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, 20, 19 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
de Forges
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61AD4E5B8FFD46" box="[151,207,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), beam trawl,
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFCACA4FFE4EAD4F5979FD46" box="[440,569,618,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="6.59" metricValueMin="6.31" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="645.0" valueMax="659.0" valueMin="631.0">631659 m</quantity>
, sandy bottom, Panglao Expedition 2005,
<date id="FFA17EADFFCACA4FFBE5AD4E5FEDFD46" box="[1043,1197,618,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" value="2005-05-22">22 May 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3050BE6FFCACA4FFF31ADAA59C5FD0E" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCACA4FFF31ADAA59C5FD0E" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF31ADAA5A53FD6A" bold="true" box="[199,275,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Hosts:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFED6ADAA5F35FD6B" box="[288,1141,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFED6ADAA5ABFFD6A" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[288,511,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">Calcinus gaimardii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFDE6ADAA599BFD6B" authorityName="Buitendijk" authorityYear="1837" box="[528,731,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Calcinus minutus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFD1AADAA58F1FD6A" authorityName="Forest" authorityYear="1958" box="[748,945,655,681]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">Calcinus pulcher</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFC37ADAA5F35FD6B" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[961,1141,655,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Diogenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senex">Diogenes senex</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A4E6CFFFCACA4FFB7FADAA5FFBFD6A" box="[1161,1211,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
host of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFAD0ADAA5A5AFD0E" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFAD0ADAA5A5AFD0E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Diogenion vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFEC7AD96593DFD0E" baseAuthorityName="de Saint Laurent &amp; McLaughlin" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[305,637,691,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurojacquesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFEC7AD96593DFD0E" box="[305,637,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Pagurojacquesia polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6008E5FFCACA4FFF6EA95E5ED8F8E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685285/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" startId="6.[152,255,1659,1683]" targetBox="[151,1436,741,1636]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCACA4FFF6EA95E5ED8F8E0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1659,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF6EA95E5A5CF950" bold="true" box="[152,284,1659,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFED3A95958ECF950" authority="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[293,940,1659,1684]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFED3A9595AD0F950" box="[293,400,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Diogenion</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFE48A9595974F957" box="[446,564,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">vermifactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFCACA4FFDC8A95E58ECF950" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[574,940,1659,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female (A, B = USNM 1522331, C = USNM 1522333).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFEF0A9BA5A58F974" bold="true" box="[262,280,1695,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. Host
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFEA8A9BA5962F974" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[350,546,1695,1719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFEA8A9BA5962F974" box="[350,546,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Calcinus gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with ovigerous female of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFCC4A98558AAF97B" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[818,1002,1695,1720]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFCC4A985580CF974" box="[818,844,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFC82A98558AAF97B" box="[884,1002,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
partially dissected from abdomen of host, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFEEAA9E15A6DF91F" bold="true" box="[284,301,1732,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
. Same specimen shown in A, dorsal view of host and opposite side of ovigerous female of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFB12A9E15EDCF91F" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[1252,1436,1731,1756]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB12A9E15FBDF918" box="[1252,1277,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFAD0A9E15EDCF91F" box="[1318,1436,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing abdomen extending to exit pore near anterior end of hermit crab (indicated by arrow).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFB9CA9C25F3CF93C" bold="true" box="[1130,1148,1767,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
. Ovigerous female of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCACA4FFA94A9CD5A4DF8E7" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFA94A9CD5E3CF93C" box="[1378,1404,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61A8295A4DF8E7" box="[151,269,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with nearly all eggs removed, ventral view. Abbreviations: Hd, head; O1, oostegite 1. Scale bars: A, B, C = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3050BE6FFCACA4EFF31A8745F63FC0A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCACA4EFF31A87458C9FEA6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1873,2006]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,148,969]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF31A8745A8DF8A8" bold="true" box="[199,461,1873,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Description of female:</emphasis>
Female in abdomen of host surrounded by host induced sheath; positioned with anterior end at posterior end of host and ventral surface of parasite directed to dorsal surface of host (fig. 3A, B).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFA91A8535B87F877" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Host tube</emphasis>
with exit pore near first pereopod of host (fig. 3B).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFCD7A8B2581EF872" box="[801,862,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Head</emphasis>
bilobed, with elongated oval lobes (figs. 3C, 4A).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFF61A89E5A57F816" box="[151,279,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Antennulae</emphasis>
fused into large, flattened, pad-like structure.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFCE3A89E583FF816" box="[789,895,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Antennae</emphasis>
as thin digitate extensions (fig. 4A).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCACA4FFAEEA89E5EDCF816" box="[1304,1436,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="18">Maxillipeds</emphasis>
small, round (fig. 4A).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFE61AFB05AA7FF6D" box="[407,487,149,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pereon</emphasis>
without ovarian processes.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFCEDAFB258D1FF72" box="[795,913,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Oostegites</emphasis>
17 present, progressively smaller posteriorly; oostegite 1 normally folded back posterior to head and surrounded by other oostegites (fig. 3A, B), large and flap-like with rounded anterior end and inner surface lined with pleat-like folds (fig. 3C).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFB65AFFA5E4AFF3A" box="[1171,1290,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pereopods</emphasis>
17 present; pereopods segmented, each with small dactylus present on distal end; scales present (fig. 4B, C).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFB0DAE265E7CFEDE" box="[1275,1340,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pleon</emphasis>
slender, with five pleomeres; small heart in pleomere 1; pleopods, pleural lamellae and uropods absent (fig. 4D).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFAA1AE025A65FEA6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Brood development</emphasis>
synchronous; all larvae at same stage of development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCBCA4EFF31AE4B5FCAFD6A" blockId="7.[151,1437,148,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFF31AE4B5AF7FE4A" bold="true" box="[199,439,366,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Description of male:</emphasis>
Male found within brood chamber of female. Only
<specimenCount id="9D1993E4FFCBCA4EFC07AE4A5F15FE4A" box="[1009,1109,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
accompanying female (when present).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFF09AEB65A79FE6E" box="[255,313,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Body</emphasis>
curved ventrally, pale in color with few spots of pigmentation (fig. 4E, F).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFB75AEB65F80FE6E" box="[1155,1216,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
small and rounded. Pair of elongated conical antennulae extending beyond margin of head, terminally setose; pair of conical antennae slightly larger than antennulae each with tuft of terminal setae (fig. 4G).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFC3FAEFE5F7AFE37" box="[969,1082,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Oral cone</emphasis>
with mandibles and maxilliped present (fig. 4G). Seven pereomeres; pereon maximal width at pereomeres 46, gradually tapering anteriorly and posteriorly (fig. 4E, F). Six pairs of pereopods present, absent on pereomere 7 (fig. 4F); pereopods multi-segmented, subequal in size, each with curved dactylus (fig. 4H); patch of scales on propodus at point where dactylus terminates on all pereopods (fig. 4H).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFE4AAD4E5ABDFD46" box="[444,509,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pleon</emphasis>
of five segments plus pleotelson; pleomeres gradually decreasing in size posteriorly; without appendages (fig. 4E, F).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFDFEADAA5929FD6A" box="[520,617,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Uropods</emphasis>
well developed; terminal setae present (fig. 4E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCBCA4EFF31AD975F63FC0A" blockId="7.[151,1437,148,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFF31AD97586FFD0F" bold="true" box="[199,815,690,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Description of epicaridium larva (undergoing molt):</emphasis>
Approximately 340 µm in length.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFB5BAD965FA7FD0E" box="[1197,1255,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Body</emphasis>
teardrop shaped and dorsally convex; anterior margin of head rounded (fig. 5A).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFCA8ADF258DBFD32" box="[862,923,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
with pair of conical antennulae (segmentation and setae not distinct due to molting process) (fig. 5A, C); pair of long antennae of seven segments, four peduncular and three flagellar, half of total body length when fully extended (fig. 5A, B).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFC0FAC3A5F29FCFB" box="[1017,1129,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Oral cone</emphasis>
with pair of maxillipeds on each side of mouth on ventral side.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFDDCAC66593AFC9F" box="[554,634,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pereon</emphasis>
of seven segments. Six pereopods; subequal in length, subchelate with ovate propodi and curved dactyli (fig. 5A, B).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFD5CAC4259ABFC42" box="[682,747,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Pleon</emphasis>
with five pairs of biramous pleopods, subequal in size, with three short setae on exopod and two short setae on endopod (fig. 5D).
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCBCA4EFC69ACAE58A7FC66" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1952" box="[927,999,907,933]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Telsidae" genus="Telson" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFC69ACAE58A7FC66" box="[927,999,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Telson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tapered to point.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFB5FACAE5E4AFC66" box="[1193,1290,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Uropods</emphasis>
with pointed endopod, slightly longer than exopod, both bearing short terminal setae (fig. 5E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6008E5FFCBCA4EFF6EA80C59E8F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685287/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" startId="7.[152,255,1833,1857]" targetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFCBCA4EFF6EA80C59E8F835" blockId="7.[151,1437,1833,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFF6EA80C5A5BF881" bold="true" box="[152,283,1833,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFCBCA4EFED2A80F58E7F881" authority="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[292,935,1834,1858]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFED2A80F5ACFF882" box="[292,399,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">Diogenion</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFE4DA80F5971F881" box="[443,561,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">vermifactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFCBCA4EFDCDA80F58E7F881" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[571,935,1834,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female (A, B, C = USNM 1522333, D = ZRC 2022.0962),
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFEECA8685A6CF8A6" bold="true" box="[282,300,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. Head, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFDFBA86B595EF8A5" bold="true" box="[525,542,1870,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
. Pereopod 1.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFD47A8685983F8A6" bold="true" box="[689,707,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
. Pereopod 6.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFCA0A86B5828F8A5" bold="true" box="[854,872,1870,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
. Pleon. Male (E= USNM 1522332, F, G, H = USNM 1522334),
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFEF1A8575A58F849" bold="true" box="[263,280,1906,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
. Oblique lateral view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFDF1A8575956F849" bold="true" box="[519,534,1906,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFD46A8545984F84A" bold="true" box="[688,708,1905,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. Lateral view of head region showing antennula, antenna, pereopod 1 and mouth parts (dashed lines show head region in relation to rest of body).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFCBCA4EFC6FA8B358EDF86D" bold="true" box="[921,941,1942,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
. Pereopod 6. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; Md, mandible; Mxp, maxilliped; P1P7, pereopods 17; Pl15, pleomeres 15; Pt, pleotelson. Scale bars: A, D = 1.0 mm; B, C = 250 µm; E, F = 500 µm; G, H = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6008E5FFC4CA41FF6EAB4B58F2FB30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685289/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" startId="8.[152,255,1134,1158]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1110]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFC4CA41FF6EAB4B58F2FB30" blockId="8.[151,1437,1134,1267]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF6EAB4B5A59FB45" bold="true" box="[152,281,1134,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FED7AB4A58D9FB45" authority="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[289,921,1134,1158]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FED7AB4A5ACCFB45" box="[289,396,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Diogenion</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE40AB4B596CFB45" box="[438,556,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">vermifactus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FDC5AB4B58D9FB45" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[563,921,1134,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, epicaridium larvae (USNM 1522332).
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FAC5AB4B5E05FB45" bold="true" box="[1331,1349,1134,1158]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF22ABB75BA5FB69" bold="true" box="[212,229,1170,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
. Pereopods 16.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE62ABB75AE6FB69" bold="true" box="[404,422,1170,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FDCFABB7590BFB69" bold="true" box="[569,587,1170,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. Pleopods 15, endopod below numbered appendages.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FB89ABB75FD0FB69" bold="true" box="[1151,1168,1170,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of pleopods, uropods, and pleotelson. Abbreviations: A1, antennulae; A2, antennae; P1P6, pereopods 16; Pl15, pleomeres 15; Pt, pleotelson; Ur, Uropod. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C = 100 μm; D, E = 25 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3050BE6FFC4CA40FF31AA045FFDFEDE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFC4CA41FF31AA0459DAF904" blockId="8.[151,1437,1312,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF31AA045A7DFAF8" bold="true" box="[199,317,1313,1339]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Remarks:</emphasis>
All specimens match the original morphological description of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FBEDAA045A5BFA9D" authority="(Codreanu et al. 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Codreanu" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FBEDAA045E5DFAF8" box="[1051,1309,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Diogenion vermifactus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FADBAA055A53FA9D" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">
Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF61AA605B90FA9D" box="[151,208,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, previously known only infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FD6CAA605809FA9D" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[666,841,1349,1374]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Diogenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senex">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FD6CAA605809FA9D" box="[666,841,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Diogenes senex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Red Sea (fig. 2). However, in this study
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FAABAA605A5AFA40" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FAABAA605E38FA9D" box="[1373,1400,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">D.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF61AA4C5A5AFA40" box="[151,282,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to parasitize three species of shallow subtidal calcinid hermit crabs,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FB7CAA4C5E56FA41" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1848" box="[1162,1302,1384,1411]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaimardii">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FB7CAA4C5E56FA41" box="[1162,1302,1384,1411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">C. gaimardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FAD2AA4C5EDDFA41" authorityName="Buitendijk" authorityYear="1837" box="[1316,1437,1385,1411]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FAD2AA4C5EDDFA41" box="[1316,1437,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FF31AAA85A7DFA65" authorityName="Forest" authorityYear="1958" box="[199,317,1420,1447]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Calcinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FF31AAA85A7DFA65" box="[199,317,1420,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">C. pulcher</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the deeper water pagurid
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FD67AAA85873FA65" baseAuthorityName="de Saint Laurent &amp; McLaughlin" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[657,819,1420,1446]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurojacquesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FD67AAA85873FA65" box="[657,819,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">P. polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the coastal waters of the
<collectingCountry id="F30818FDFFC4CA41FB9BAAA95FAEFA65" box="[1133,1262,1420,1446]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, over
<quantity id="4CE7F588FFC4CA41FAC4AAA85EDCFA65" box="[1330,1436,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="8000.0">8,000 km</quantity>
away from the
<typeStatus id="54A4E6CFFFC4CA41FEC8AA945A2EFA08" box="[318,366,1457,1483]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Red Sea (fig. 1). Currently, we cannot morphologically distinguish the Philippine specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FED8AAF05AE4FA2D" authorityName="Codreanu, Codreanu &amp; Pike" authorityYear="1960" box="[302,420,1493,1518]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FED8AAF05AE4FA2D" box="[302,420,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Diogenion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from those of the Red Sea; however, given this disjunct distribution and the barriered nature of the Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FEBCAADD5900F9D1" author="DiBattista, J. D. &amp; Choat, J. H. &amp; Gaither, M. R. &amp; Hobbs, J. - P. A. &amp; Lozano-Cortes, D. F. &amp; Myers, R. F. &amp; Paulay, G. &amp; Rocha, L. A. &amp; Toonen, R. J. &amp; Westneat, W. &amp; Berumen, M. L." box="[330,576,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="13 - 30" refId="ref16279" refString="DiBattista, J. D., Choat, J. H., Gaither, M. R., Hobbs, J. - P. A., Lozano-Cortes, D. F., Myers, R. F., Paulay, G., Rocha, L. A., Toonen, R. J., Westneat, W. &amp; Berumen, M. L. (2016) On the origin of endemic species in the Red Sea. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 13 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12631" type="journal article" year="2016">
DiBattista
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE33AADC5ABDF9D1" box="[453,509,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FDBDAADD5865F9D0" author="Schnurr, S. &amp; Osborn, K. J. &amp; Malyutina, M. &amp; Jennings, R. &amp; Brix, S. &amp; Driskell, A. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P." box="[587,805,1528,1555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="813 - 843" refId="ref19135" refString="Schnurr, S., Osborn, K. J., Malyutina, M., Jennings, R., Brix, S., Driskell, A. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. (2018) Hidden diversity in two species complexes of munnopsid isopods (Crustacea) at the transition between the northernmost North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 813 - 843. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0877 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">
Schnurr
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FD5DAADC59A3F9D1" box="[683,739,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FCC7AADD5F6DF9D0" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Smit, N. J." box="[817,1069,1528,1555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="899 - 919" refId="ref16492" refString="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2020) Review of the global distribution and hosts of the economically important fish parasitic isopod genus Ceratothoa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), including the description of Ceratothoa springbok n. sp. from South Africa. International Journal for Parasitology, 50, 899 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijpara. 2020.07.001" type="journal article" year="2020">Hadfield &amp; Smit 2020</bibRefCitation>
) it is possible that the Philippine entoniscid is a distinct species from
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FDC9A93859A7F9F4" box="[575,743,1565,1591]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FDC9A93859A7F9F4" box="[575,743,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">D. vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additional data, ideally including molecular sequencing, is needed to clarify whether
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FE48A9645923F998" box="[446,611,1601,1627]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE48A9645923F998" box="[446,611,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">D. vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed across the Indo-West Pacific or represents a species complex (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FEFEA9415950F9BC" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Smit, N. J." box="[264,528,1636,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="899 - 919" refId="ref16492" refString="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2020) Review of the global distribution and hosts of the economically important fish parasitic isopod genus Ceratothoa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), including the description of Ceratothoa springbok n. sp. from South Africa. International Journal for Parasitology, 50, 899 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijpara. 2020.07.001" type="journal article" year="2020">Hadfield &amp; Smit 2020</bibRefCitation>
). At present, the substantial geographic distance between the two localities and diversity of hosts suggests that a designation of “cf.” for the Philippine specimens is warranted pending discovery of additional specimens from along the range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0586DFFC4CA40FF31A9F45FFDFEDE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1312,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">
Many features of the adult
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FE0CA9F459BBF928" box="[506,763,1745,1771]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE0CA9F459BBF928" box="[506,763,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">Diogenion vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considered primitive when compared to other members of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FF40A9D15A07F8CD" authorityName="Kossmann" authorityYear="1881" box="[182,327,1780,1806]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Entoniscidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FEA0A9D15907F8CD" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[342,583,1780,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">
Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FE3AA9D05945F8CD" box="[460,517,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FDA4A9D159B5F8CC" author="Adkison, D. L." box="[594,757,1780,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15386" refString="Adkison, D. L. (1990) A review of the Entoniscinae (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Entoniscidae). Ph. D. thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1990">Adkison 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Specifically, the female has segmented pereopods, a brood pouch formed by overlapping oostegites and a synchronously developing brood; males also retain segmented pereopods and possess both pairs of antennae as well as uropods. For these reasons,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FB86A8195E64F894" author="Adkison, D. L." box="[1136,1316,1852,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15386" refString="Adkison, D. L. (1990) A review of the Entoniscinae (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Entoniscidae). Ph. D. thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1990">Adkison (1990)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the genus be placed in its own subfamily. The epicaridium larval stage of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC4CA41FBE1A8445FFDF8B8" box="[1047,1213,1889,1915]" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Diogenion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermifactus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FBE1A8445FFDF8B8" box="[1047,1213,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">D. vermifactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not previously described except for mention of the narrowness of the larvae, the great length of the appendages and the uniform structure of the pereopods and pleopods (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FD9EA88D581AF801" author="Codreanu, R. &amp; Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B." box="[616,858,1960,1986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" pagination="439 - 441" refId="ref15931" refString="Codreanu, R., Codreanu, M. &amp; Pike, R. B. (1960) Sur un nouveau type d'entoniscien, Diogenion vermifactus n. sp., parasite du pagure Diogenes senex Heller de la Mer Rouge. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 251, 439 - 441." type="journal article" year="1960">
Codreanu
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC4CA41FD29A88C5858F801" box="[735,792,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC4CA41FC93A88D5F47F800" author="Adkison, D. L." box="[869,1031,1960,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15386" refString="Adkison, D. L. (1990) A review of the Entoniscinae (Isopoda: Epicaridea: Entoniscidae). Ph. D. thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 213 pp." type="book" year="1990">Adkison 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Although previous authors did not provide drawings or detailed descriptions of this larval stage, the present specimens exhibit the gross morphological details reported previously. The present study confirms that the epicaridium larvae have nearly uniform pereopods, i.e., the sixth pereopod is not greatly modified as in the larvae of some entoniscid genera (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F23EEFFC5CA40FB3BAF9E5A7AFF3A" authority="Giard &amp; Bonnier, 1887" authorityName="Giard &amp; Bonnier" authorityYear="1887" class="Malacostraca" family="Entoniscidae" genus="Cancrion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B847FFFC5CA40FB3BAF9E5E77FF16" box="[1229,1335,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="21">Cancrion</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC5CA40FAC9AF9E5A7AFF3A" author="Giard, A. &amp; Bonnier, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref16441" refString="Giard, A. &amp; Bonnier, J. (1887) Contributions a l'etude des bopyriens. Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de Lille et du Laboratoire Marine de Wimereux, 5, 1 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64223" type="journal article" year="1887">Giard &amp; Bonnier, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). However, the epicaridium larvae examined were undergoing a molt, making some features difficult to distinguish, as has been shown to occur in other epicarideans (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E259CFFC5CA40FC6FAE265FF0FEDE" author="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B." box="[921,1200,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="21" pagination="79 - 100" refId="ref20166" refString="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2021) Out on a limb: novel morphology and position on appendages of two new genera and three new species of ectoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Dajidae) infesting isopod and decapod hosts. Zoosystema, 43, 79 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / zoosystema 2021 v 43 a 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Williams &amp; Boyko 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>