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<document id="F1E78EF92E28E0763341D44BB76D722A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="251497c1-c631-4375-9bc4-7bc7bfd32c70" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220411" ID-ZooBank="97910A1A-EFE7-44E4-A658-5E102AE5B8B7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460694039352" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hauser, Frances E. &amp; López-Fernández, Hernán" docDate="2013" docId="03B6316D0258FFCF9BEE55A1FE8DF4E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03731p286.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3731 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Geophagus crocatus Hauser &amp; López-Fernández, 2013, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="501EB792-49CB-4DE8-B4FA-EE2CE9557702" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="284" masterDocId="FF8F49150259FFCA9B79545EFFC9F275" masterDocTitle="Geophagus crocatus, a new species of geophagine cichlid from the Berbice River, Guyana, South America (Teleostei: Cichlidae)" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="280" updateTime="1698353512772" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6775CB975A13715CC43ED0DBF5567A8F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="0B8E61AF0D30D1A5608E74BD83E66040">Geophagus crocatus, a new species of geophagine cichlid from the Berbice River, Guyana, South America (Teleostei: Cichlidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0F14F35A4F2D484A5A7D27AF2439A1FA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4DFE0860D1F019F0E811E7069F54ADB1">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="52A9F93B68A77FFF737DE442497F1753">Hauser, Frances E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D46EF71EC3831590CF26A83ABB9F1FC7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="27D8CD5491F5F380F661E3F04702A0A6">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E7A18829E54EE1177B60BAB9F5C8463C">López-Fernández, Hernán</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ECE5975095B2020B8DD1973BD726FBC6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="42649C5119A72E622F19B3C2F83A6390">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CFA91D6B8F81F49513731419BDBBC3C4">
<mods:date id="CC5D6453EB3FD3CC70F1D1CE0C2CD34B">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B3E750E1283460D131876494FCE385CC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B95014E7D5901AD617D6DF597A4E9D01">3731</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9664720A5BC6E01F1D3AA822D818104B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="474618A3842992E41C7217E0E821A755">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A1EFE88D5396B733082B480B8B0D5BAB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7F8122A7372C49DF70FA627F990E3A6E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F63EF4ABBCBAF019432F1057A720CEC9" type="GBIF-Dataset">251497c1-c631-4375-9bc4-7bc7bfd32c70</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6B1E7C0F81F8037FA5374A72199C2C87" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CCEE686E39469FCFACBA106172C5916A" type="Zenodo-Dep">220411</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="981C4B8B76F8354A774EA671D711E68E" type="ZooBank">97910A1A-EFE7-44E4-A658-5E102AE5B8B7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B6316D0258FFCF9BEE55A1FE8DF4E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119581491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680231" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:501EB792-49CB-4DE8-B4FA-EE2CE9557702" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6316D0258FFCF9BEE55A1FE8DF4E1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<subSubSection id="C305D3F00258FFCB9BEE55A1FE9CF04E" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BEE55A1FDE5F06F" blockId="1.[151,556,511,571]" box="[151,556,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<heading id="D0E837170258FFCB9BEE55A1FDE5F06F" bold="true" box="[151,556,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BEE55A1FDE5F06F" bold="true" box="[151,556,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9BEE55A1FE44F06C" ID-CoL="6KBPD" box="[151,397,511,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BEE55A1FE44F06C" bold="true" box="[151,397,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258E1120258FFCB9AE5565EFDE5F06F" box="[412,556,512,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BEE567CFE9CF04E" blockId="1.[151,556,511,571]" box="[151,341,546,571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<figureCitation id="13249CFE0258FFCB9BEE567CFF3FF04E" box="[151,246,546,571]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,786,808]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1993,2015]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,681,703]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1309,1331]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,764]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,503,1968]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1426,755,1284]" captionTargetBox-4="[222,1356,433,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,193,765]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,495,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,755,1285]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[198,1381,411,1915]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Geophagus crocatus. Holotype. UG / CSBD 1656 (Ex ROM 87106), 165.6 mm SL; Guyana: East Berbice: Berbice River (5.17456 ° N 58.16336 ° W)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Lower pharyngeal toothplate; from ROM 86918 117.0 mm SL." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic representation of the lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus crocatus." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Geophagus crocatus, ROM 86918, 91.2 mm SL, Berbice River, above and below Itabru falls and in quiet lake-like expansions below the falls." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Collecting sites of Geophagus crocatus in the Berbice drainage in Guyana. One dot may represent more than one collection locality. The open circle represents the type locality." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/220412/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/220413/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/220414/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/220415/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/220416/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1–5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C69DB5C00258FFCB9A7B567CFE9CF04E" box="[258,341,546,571]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,883,906]" captionTargetBox="[159,1352,934,1783]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Geophagus crocatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" tableUuid="DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305D3F00258FFCB9BEE5634FD08F622" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BEE5634FC42F0BE" blockId="1.[151,1436,618,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BEE5634FEC2F0F6" bold="true" box="[151,267,618,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<typeStatus id="54A43ED90258FFCB9BEE5634FECFF0F6" box="[151,262,618,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
UG/CSBD 1656 (Ex ROM 87106),
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB99DC5635FCFAF0F7" box="[677,819,618,643]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1656" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="1165.6">1, 165.6 mm</quantity>
SL;
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB98105635FC0CF0F6" box="[873,965,619,643]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Guyana</collectingCountry>
: East
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9F7E5634FBABF0F6" box="[1031,1122,618,643]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9F155634FB0AF0F6" box="[1132,1219,618,643]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, about 14 air km upstream of Kwakwani at Mappa Lagoon camp (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB998856D0FCA4F0D2" box="[753,877,654,679]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="5.17456">5.17456°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB980C56D0FBC0F0D2" box="[885,1033,654,679]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.16336">58.16336°W</geoCoordinate>
); H. López-Fernández, D. Taphorn, D. Bloom, J. Maldonado, C. Bernard and E. Holm,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB99A156EDFC4EF0BE" box="[728,903,690,715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-03-20">20 March 2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BBE5688FD08F622" blockId="1.[151,1436,618,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BBE5688FE8FF09A" bold="true" box="[199,326,726,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<typeStatus id="54A43ED90258FFCB9BBE5688FE88F09A" box="[199,321,726,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
All from
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9AC05689FDDDF09A" box="[441,532,727,751]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Guyana</collectingCountry>
: East
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB99205688FD7DF09A" box="[601,692,726,751]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB99B85688FCD1F09A" box="[705,792,726,751]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River: ROM 86834, 8,
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB9F535688FB06F09B" box="[1066,1231,726,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.365" metricValueMax="7.65" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="63.65" valueMax="76.5" valueMin="50.8">50.8–76.5 mm</quantity>
SL (2 measured); Marlissa Falls in the rapids (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9A9156A4FDADF166" box="[488,612,762,787]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="4.9068">4.90680°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB991756A4FCCBF166" box="[622,770,762,787]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.24471">58.24471°W</geoCoordinate>
); D. Taphorn, D. Bloom, J. Maldonado and E. Holm,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB9EF956A5FEE0F142" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-03-24">24 March 2010</date>
.—ROM 86854, 26,
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB99535740FD1FF143" box="[554,726,798,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0550000000000015" metricValueMax="7.640000000000001" metricValueMin="6.470000000000001" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="70.55" valueMax="76.4" valueMin="64.7">64.7–76.4 mm</quantity>
SL (5 measured);
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB98B35740FBE8F142" box="[970,1057,798,823]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, upstream of Kwakwani (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9BE7571CFED2F12E" box="[158,283,834,859]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="4.9068">4.90680°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9A5C571CFE71F12E" box="[293,440,834,859]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.24471">58.24471°W</geoCoordinate>
); D. Bloom, D. Taphorn, E. Holm and F. Gonzalez,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB9F66571DFB7FF12E" box="[1055,1206,834,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-04-01">1 April 2010</date>
.—ROM 86918, 57,
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB9BEE5738FE81F10B" box="[151,328,870,895]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.845" metricValueMax="10.93" metricValueMin="4.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="78.45" valueMax="109.3" valueMin="47.6">47.6–109.3 mm</quantity>
SL (24 measured);
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB995D5739FD49F10A" box="[548,640,871,895]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Guyana</collectingCountry>
: East
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB99B95738FCD2F10A" box="[704,795,870,895]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB985F5738FCB4F10A" box="[806,893,870,895]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, above and below Itabru Falls and in quiet lake-like expansions below the falls (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB993157D4FD0DF1D6" box="[584,708,906,931]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="4.85843">4.85843°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB99B757D4FCABF1D6" box="[718,866,906,931]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.24087">58.24087°W</geoCoordinate>
); H. López-Fernández, D. Taphorn, D. Bloom, J. Maldonado, C. Bernard and E. Holm,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB992257F1FCD9F1B2" box="[603,784,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-03-23">23 March 2010</date>
.—ROM 86957, 48,
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB9F7A57F0FB70F1B3" box="[1027,1209,942,967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1469999999999998" metricValueMax="1.661" metricValueMin="0.633" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="114.69999999999999" valueMax="166.1" valueMin="63.3">63.3–166.1 mm</quantity>
SL (10 measured);
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9BEE578DFF3AF19E" box="[151,243,979,1003]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Guyana</collectingCountry>
: East
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9A4E578CFE5AF19E" box="[311,403,978,1003]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9AE6578CFE3FF19E" box="[415,502,978,1003]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, downstream end of the town of Kwakwani near Hubert Gonzales property (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9BE757A8FED2F67A" box="[158,283,1014,1039]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="5.27544">5.27544°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9A5A57A8FE7EF67A" box="[291,439,1014,1039]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.0737">58.07370°W</geoCoordinate>
); E. Holm, D. Bloom and D Taphorn,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB981457A9FBD2F67A" box="[877,1051,1014,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-03-30">30 March 2010</date>
.—ROM 87290, 1, 103.0 mm SL;
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9BEE5045FF3AF646" box="[151,243,1051,1075]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Guyana</collectingCountry>
: East
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9A465044FE53F646" box="[319,410,1050,1075]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB0258FFCB9AD35044FDC8F646" box="[426,513,1050,1075]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, just upstream of Kwakwani (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB98C15044FBFDF646" box="[952,1076,1050,1075]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="5.24844">5.24844°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BE6BC0258FFCB9F395044FB1DF646" box="[1088,1236,1050,1075]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" precision="1" value="-58.08754">58.08754°W</geoCoordinate>
); D. Bloom, D. Taphorn, E. Holm and F. Gonzalez,
<date id="FFA1A6BB0258FFCB99535061FD74F622" box="[554,701,1086,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="2010-04-01">1 April 2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305D3F00258FFCB9BBE503CFC59F472" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BBE503CFC59F472" blockId="1.[151,1436,618,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BBE503CFE88F60E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9A2D503DFD8FF60F" box="[340,582,1123,1147]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9A2D503DFD8FF60F" box="[340,582,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB980A503DFA55F60F" authority="Kullander &amp; Taphorn, G." authorityName="Kullander &amp; Taphorn, G." box="[883,1436,1122,1147]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grammepareius">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB980A503DFB84F60F" box="[883,1101,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. grammepareius</emphasis>
Kullander &amp; Taphorn,
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9EFD503DFA55F60F" box="[1412,1436,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taeniopareius Kullander &amp; Royero,
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB994950D9FCB6F6EB" authority="Kullander, G." authorityName="Kullander, G." box="[560,895,1158,1183]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrostictus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB994950D9FD2BF6EB" box="[560,738,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. argyrostictus</emphasis>
Kullander,
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB981F50D9FCB6F6EB" box="[870,895,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gottwaldi schindler &amp; Staeck,and
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9E7150D9FABDF6EB" box="[1288,1396,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. h ar re r i</emphasis>
by the presence of an incomplete suborbital stripe (vs. complete).
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB981550F5FB9DF6B7" box="[876,1108,1195,1219]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB981550F5FB9DF6B7" box="[876,1108,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9BA75091FD3BF693" authority="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn, G." authorityName="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn, G." box="[222,754,1230,1255]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BA75091FE90F693" box="[222,345,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. abalios</emphasis>
López-Fernández &amp; Taphorn,
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB99A35091FD3BF693" box="[730,754,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brokopondo,
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB98D95091FB96F693" box="[928,1119,1231,1254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">G. surinamensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9F0C5091FA55F693" authority="Heckel, G" authorityName="Heckel, G" box="[1141,1436,1230,1255]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megasema">
G megasema Heckel,
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9EF15091FA55F693" box="[1416,1436,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
camopiensis,
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9A4B50ADFDD4F77E" authority="Heckel" authorityName="Heckel" box="[306,541,1266,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altifrons">G. altifrons (Heckel)</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB995450ADFC19F77F" authority="Staeck &amp; Schindler, G." authorityName="Staeck &amp; Schindler, G." box="[557,976,1266,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnaibae">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB995450ADFD0BF77E" box="[557,706,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. parnaibae</emphasis>
Staeck &amp; Schindler,
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB98C150ADFC19F77F" box="[952,976,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sveni Lucinda, Lucena &amp; Assis, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9EFD50ADFDD5F75A" authority="Lucinda, Lucena &amp; Assis" authorityName="Lucinda, Lucena &amp; Assis" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neambi">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9EFD50ADFF23F75B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. neambi</emphasis>
Lucinda, Lucena &amp; Assis
</taxonomicName>
, by the presence of an incomplete suborbital stripe formed by a preopercular black mark (vs. absent). Additionally, the lateral bar pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB98215165FBF4F727" box="[856,1085,1339,1363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB98215165FBF4F727" box="[856,1085,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguishes this species from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9A175100FE24F703" box="[366,493,1374,1398]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9A175100FE24F703" box="[366,493,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The bar pattern is formed by 6 vertical bars on the flank, with bars 2 and 3 uniquely fused dorsally at the base of the spiny dorsal fin between spines 9 and 10 (
<figureCitation id="13249CFE0258FFCB98A851DCFBDBF7EE" box="[977,1042,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,786,808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,764]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,765]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geophagus crocatus. Holotype. UG / CSBD 1656 (Ex ROM 87106), 165.6 mm SL; Guyana: East Berbice: Berbice River (5.17456 ° N 58.16336 ° W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9F5351DDFAC6F7EF" box="[1066,1295,1411,1435]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9F5351DDFAC6F7EF" box="[1066,1295,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9A2751F9FDDAF7CB" box="[350,531,1447,1470]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9A2751F9FDDAF7CB" box="[350,531,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex with incomplete suborbital markings by the presence of 6 lateral bars (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9A3A5195FD95F796" authority="Castelnau" authorityName="Castelnau" box="[323,604,1482,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9A3A5195FE07F797" box="[323,462,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. proximus</emphasis>
(Castelnau)
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB99E45195FCB7F796" box="[669,894,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB99E45195FCB3F796" box="[669,890,1483,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachybranchus">G. brachybranchus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
4 bars in
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9F7B5195FF30F472" authority="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn" authorityName="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9F7B5195FB63F796" box="[1026,1194,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
López-Fernández &amp; Taphorn
</taxonomicName>
, and 7 bars in
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF80258FFCB9AE251B1FC59F472" authority="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn." authorityName="Lopez-Fernandez &amp; Taphorn." box="[411,912,1518,1543]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9AE251B1FDF2F473" box="[411,571,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
López-Fernández &amp; Taphorn.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305D3F00258FFCE9BBE524CFB3CF5E2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BBE524CFEBDF406" blockId="1.[151,1436,618,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B96B5C690258FFCB9BBE524CFE90F45E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1554,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Description.</emphasis>
Based on
<typeStatus id="54A43ED90258FFCB9AA9524CFDFBF45E" box="[464,562,1554,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB993B524CFD7FF45F" box="[578,694,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.656" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="165.6">165.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<figureCitation id="13249CFE0258FFCB9994524CFCE4F45E" box="[749,813,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,786,808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,764]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,765]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geophagus crocatus. Holotype. UG / CSBD 1656 (Ex ROM 87106), 165.6 mm SL; Guyana: East Berbice: Berbice River (5.17456 ° N 58.16336 ° W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and 42
<typeStatus id="54A43ED90258FFCB98EC524DFBC9F45E" box="[917,1024,1555,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB9F69524CFB0AF45F" box="[1040,1219,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.068" metricValueMax="1.661" metricValueMin="0.475" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="106.8" valueMax="166.1" valueMin="47.5">47.5–166.1 mm</quantity>
SL), with notes on variation among smaller specimens. Measurements and counts are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C69DB5C00258FFCB9F3E5268FB54F43A" box="[1095,1181,1590,1615]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,883,906]" captionTargetBox="[159,1352,934,1783]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Geophagus crocatus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" tableUuid="DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF">Table 1</tableCitation>
. No apparent external sexual dimorphism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B0258FFCB9BBE5220FC84F5AE" blockId="1.[151,1436,618,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
Shape. Moderately elongate; dorsal outline more convex than ventral outline; head broader ventrally than dorsally, chest flat; specimens 65.0 mm SL and smaller more elongate. Dorsal head profile moderately convex, ascending to dorsal-fin origin, except in front of orbit where slightly concave, in specimens smaller than
<quantity id="4CE72D9E0258FFCB9E415298FA55F4AB" box="[1336,1436,1734,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="65.4">65.4 mm</quantity>
SL, straight from orbit to dorsal-fin origin; dorsal-fin base descending, slightly convex to last ray, then forming a horizontal, moderately concave line to caudal-fin insertion. Ventral head profile straight, slightly descending to pelvic-fin insertion; straight, horizontal from pelvic-fin insertion to origin of anal fin; anal-fin base slightly convex, ascending; ventral caudal peduncle moderately concave, slightly ascending. Lips moderately wide, lower without caudally expanded fold (see Kullander et al., 1992,
<figureCitation id="13249CFE0258FFCB99805324FC89F5E6" box="[761,832,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,681,703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic representation of the lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus crocatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220414/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Maxilla reaching 1/3–2/3 of the distance between nostril and orbit; ascending premaxillary process reaching slightly above midline of orbit. Opercle, preopercle, cleithrum, postcleithrum, and post-temporal lacking serration.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE574CFE2AF133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220412/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" targetBox="[151,1436,193,764]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025BFFC89BEE574CFE2AF133" blockId="2.[151,1436,786,838]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025BFFC89BEE574CFEDAF152" bold="true" box="[151,275,786,808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025BFFC89A60574CFE39F15D" box="[281,496,786,808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025BFFC89A60574CFE22F15D" box="[281,491,786,808]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">Geophagus crocatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Holotype. UG/CSBD 1656 (Ex ROM 87106), 165.6 mm SL; Guyana: East Berbice: Berbice River (5.17456°N 58.16336°W).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" ID-Table-UUID="DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" box="[151,699,882,906]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF60D0F3025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" targetBox="[159,1352,934,1783]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025BFFC89BEE572DFD72F1FF" blockId="2.[151,699,882,906]" box="[151,699,882,906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025BFFC89BEE572DFEC3F1FF" bold="true" box="[151,266,883,906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025BFFC89AA1572CFD7FF1FF" box="[472,694,882,906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">Geophagus crocatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025BFFC8994557F8FAE6F482" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<table id="F91F72DB025B00359BE657F8FA81F482" box="[159,1352,934,1783]" gridcols="6" gridrows="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE657F8FA81F1C9" box="[159,1352,934,956]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76FEEB45025B0035994557F8FD53F1C9" box="[572,666,934,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Holotype</th>
<th id="76FEEB45025B0035986D57F8FC6FF1C9" box="[788,934,934,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">n Mean</th>
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359F7957F8FBE4F1C9" box="[1024,1069,934,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Min</th>
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359F0557F8FB7CF1C9" box="[1148,1205,934,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Max</th>
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359E7657F8FA81F1C9" box="[1295,1352,934,956]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Stdev</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65791FA81F190" box="[159,1352,975,997]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65791FE59F190" box="[159,400,975,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">SL (mm)</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455791FD53F190" box="[572,666,975,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">165.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5791FC6FF190" box="[788,934,975,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 80.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795791FBE4F190" box="[1024,1069,975,997]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">47.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055791FB7CF190" box="[1148,1205,975,997]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">166.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765791FA81F190" box="[1295,1352,975,997]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">26.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE657A6FA81F67B" box="[159,1352,1016,1038]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE657A6FE59F67B" box="[159,400,1016,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Percent SL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE6507CFA81F64D" box="[159,1352,1058,1080]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE6507CFE59F64D" box="[159,400,1058,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Head length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359945507CFD53F64D" box="[572,666,1058,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">35.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D507CFC6FF64D" box="[788,934,1058,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 34.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F79507CFBE4F64D" box="[1024,1069,1058,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">28.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F05507CFB7CF64D" box="[1148,1205,1058,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">37.3</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E76507CFA81F64D" box="[1295,1352,1058,1080]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65015FA81F614" box="[159,1352,1099,1121]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65015FE59F614" box="[159,400,1099,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Body depth</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455015FD53F614" box="[572,666,1099,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">41.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5015FC6FF614" box="[788,934,1099,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 37.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795015FBE4F614" box="[1024,1069,1099,1121]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">33.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055015FB7CF614" box="[1148,1205,1099,1121]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">43.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765015FA81F614" box="[1295,1352,1099,1121]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE6502AFA81F6FF" box="[159,1352,1140,1162]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE6502AFE59F6FF" box="[159,400,1140,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359945502AFD53F6FF" box="[572,666,1140,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">12.4</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D502AFC6FF6FF" box="[788,934,1140,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 11.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F79502AFBE4F6FF" box="[1024,1069,1140,1162]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">10.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F05502AFB7CF6FF" box="[1148,1205,1140,1162]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">12.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E76502AFA81F6FF" box="[1295,1352,1140,1162]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE650C0FA81F6C1" box="[159,1352,1182,1204]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE650C0FE59F6C1" box="[159,400,1182,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994550C0FD53F6C1" box="[572,666,1182,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">14.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D50C0FC6FF6C1" box="[788,934,1182,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 17.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7950C0FBE4F6C1" box="[1024,1069,1182,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">13.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0550C0FB7CF6C1" box="[1148,1205,1182,1204]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">20.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7650C0FA81F6C1" box="[1295,1352,1182,1204]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65099FA81F6A8" box="[159,1352,1223,1245]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65099FE59F6A8" box="[159,400,1223,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Pectoral fin length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455099FD53F6A8" box="[572,666,1223,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">33.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5099FC6FF6A8" box="[788,934,1223,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 32.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795099FBE4F6A8" box="[1024,1069,1223,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">28.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055099FB7CF6A8" box="[1148,1205,1223,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">38.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765099FA81F6A8" box="[1295,1352,1223,1245]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE650AFFA81F772" box="[159,1352,1265,1287]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE650AFFE59F772" box="[159,400,1265,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Pelvic fin length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994550AFFD53F772" box="[572,666,1265,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">49.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D50AFFC6FF772" box="[788,934,1265,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 33.4</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7950AFFBE4F772" box="[1024,1069,1265,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">15.4</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0550AFFB7CF772" box="[1148,1205,1265,1287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">51.3</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7650AFFA81F772" box="[1295,1352,1265,1287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65144FA81F745" box="[159,1352,1306,1328]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65144FE59F745" box="[159,400,1306,1328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Last dorsal spine length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455144FD53F745" box="[572,666,1306,1328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">16.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5144FC6FF745" box="[788,934,1306,1328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 14.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795144FBE4F745" box="[1024,1069,1306,1328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">11.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055144FB7CF745" box="[1148,1205,1306,1328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">18.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765144FA81F745" box="[1295,1352,1306,1328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE6511DFA81F72C" box="[159,1352,1347,1369]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE6511DFE59F72C" box="[159,400,1347,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Snouth length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359945511DFD53F72C" box="[572,666,1347,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">20.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D511DFC6FF72C" box="[788,934,1347,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 17.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F79511DFBE4F72C" box="[1024,1069,1347,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">11.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F05511DFB7CF72C" box="[1148,1205,1347,1369]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">20.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E76511DFA81F72C" box="[1295,1352,1347,1369]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65132FA81F7F7" box="[159,1352,1388,1410]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65132FE59F7F7" box="[159,400,1388,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455132FD53F7F7" box="[572,666,1388,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">8.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5132FC6FF7F7" box="[788,934,1388,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 9.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795132FBE4F7F7" box="[1024,1069,1388,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">8.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055132FB7CF7F7" box="[1148,1205,1388,1410]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">11.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765132FA81F7F7" box="[1295,1352,1388,1410]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE651C8FA81F7D9" box="[159,1352,1430,1452]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE651C8FE59F7D9" box="[159,400,1430,1452]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Head width</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994551C8FD53F7D9" box="[572,666,1430,1452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">12.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D51C8FC6FF7D9" box="[788,934,1430,1452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 11.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7951C8FBE4F7D9" box="[1024,1069,1430,1452]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">9.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0551C8FB7CF7D9" box="[1148,1205,1430,1452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">13.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7651C8FA81F7D9" box="[1295,1352,1430,1452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE651E1FA81F7A0" box="[159,1352,1471,1493]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE651E1FE59F7A0" box="[159,400,1471,1493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994551E1FD53F7A0" box="[572,666,1471,1493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">9.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D51E1FC6FF7A0" box="[788,934,1471,1493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 7.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7951E1FBE4F7A0" box="[1024,1069,1471,1493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">6.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0551E1FB7CF7A0" box="[1148,1205,1471,1493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">11.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7651E1FA81F7A0" box="[1295,1352,1471,1493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE651B7FA81F78A" box="[159,1352,1513,1535]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE651B7FE59F78A" box="[159,400,1513,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Preorbital depth</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994551B7FD53F78A" box="[572,666,1513,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">14.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D51B7FC6FF78A" box="[788,934,1513,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 11.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7951B7FBE4F78A" box="[1024,1069,1513,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">8.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0551B7FB7CF78A" box="[1148,1205,1513,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">15.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7651B7FA81F78A" box="[1295,1352,1513,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE6524DFA81F45D" box="[159,1352,1555,1576]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE6524DFE59F45D" box="[159,400,1555,1576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Percent HL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE65265FA81F424" box="[159,1352,1595,1617]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE65265FE59F424" box="[159,400,1595,1617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Snout length</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B003599455265FD53F424" box="[572,666,1595,1617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">59.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D5265FC6FF424" box="[788,934,1595,1617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 50.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F795265FBE4F424" box="[1024,1069,1595,1617]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">36.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F055265FB7CF424" box="[1148,1205,1595,1617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">64.4</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E765265FA81F424" box="[1295,1352,1595,1617]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE6523AFA81F40F" box="[159,1352,1636,1658]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE6523AFE59F40F" box="[159,400,1636,1658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359945523AFD53F40F" box="[572,666,1636,1658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">23.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D523AFC6FF40F" box="[788,934,1636,1658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 27.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F79523AFBE4F40F" box="[1024,1069,1636,1658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">23.2</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F05523AFB7CF40F" box="[1148,1205,1636,1658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">35.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E76523AFA81F40F" box="[1295,1352,1636,1658]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE652D0FA81F4D1" box="[159,1352,1678,1700]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE652D0FE59F4D1" box="[159,400,1678,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Head width</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994552D0FD53F4D1" box="[572,666,1678,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">35.8</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D52D0FC6FF4D1" box="[788,934,1678,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 35.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7952D0FBE4F4D1" box="[1024,1069,1678,1700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">27.3</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0552D0FB7CF4D1" box="[1148,1205,1678,1700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">43.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7652D0FA81F4D1" box="[1295,1352,1678,1700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">3.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE652E9FA81F4B8" box="[159,1352,1719,1741]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE652E9FE59F4B8" box="[159,400,1719,1741]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994552E9FD53F4B8" box="[572,666,1719,1741]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">27.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D52E9FC6FF4B8" box="[788,934,1719,1741]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 22.9</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7952E9FBE4F4B8" box="[1024,1069,1719,1741]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">19.0</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0552E9FB7CF4B8" box="[1148,1205,1719,1741]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">33.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7652E9FA81F4B8" box="[1295,1352,1719,1741]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">3.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F8239025B00359BE652BFFA81F482" box="[159,1352,1761,1783]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<th id="76FEEB45025B00359BE652BFFE59F482" box="[159,400,1761,1783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Preorbital depth</th>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035994552BFFD53F482" box="[572,666,1761,1783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">40.1</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B0035986D52BFFC6FF482" box="[788,934,1761,1783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">42 32.5</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F7952BFFBE4F482" box="[1024,1069,1761,1783]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">23.6</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359F0552BFFB7CF482" box="[1148,1205,1761,1783]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">46.7</td>
<td id="76FEEB45025B00359E7652BFFA81F482" box="[1295,1352,1761,1783]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">4.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025BFFC89BBE5365FA54F591" blockId="2.[151,1437,1851,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Scales. E1 32(33), 33(10); scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 6.5–7.5 anteriorly, 2.5–3.5 posteriorly. Two scale rows between lateral lines. Scales on upper lateral line 20(2), 21(5), 22(20), 23(15), 24(1) and lower lateral line 10(1), 12(2), 13(5), 14(7), 15(23), 16(3), 17(2). Scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 5.5–7.5 anteriorly, 2.5 posteriorly. Anterior half of cheek naked, remainder with ctenoid scales; cheek scale rows 8–9. Operculum and sub-operculum covered with ctenoid scales. Interopercle with cycloid scales caudally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025AFFC99BEE54C9FD7DF2A0" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">Single postorbital column of ctenoid scales. Occipital and flank scales ctenoid. Circumpeduncular scale rows 7 above upper, 7 below lower lateral line, ctenoid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025AFFC99BBE5481FC4EF3A5" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
Fin scales. Anal, pectoral and pelvic fins naked. Dorsal fin scaled on spinous and soft portions, scales ctenoid, and arranged in double or triple columns along interradial membranes up to one third to one half of fin height. Scaly pad at base of dorsal fin formed by irregularly arranged small, ctenoid scales extending from first spine to fifth to seventh soft ray. Anal fin scaled on anterior section of soft portion, scales ctenoid, arranged in a single column along interradial membranes to one quarter to one third of fin height. Caudal fin scaled along its entire surface, except for the tip of rays, and part of membranes between D3 and
<date id="FFA1A6BB025AFFC998A155CAFC35F3D9" box="[984,1020,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">V3</date>
, scales ctenoid. Accessory caudal fin extension of lateral line between
<date id="FFA1A6BB025AFFC9997355E6FD4EF3A5" box="[522,647,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">V4 and V5</date>
, absent on dorsal lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF60D0F3025AFFC99BEE5397FC51F5AA" box="[151,920,1993,2015]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220413/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="282" targetBox="[151,1436,503,1968]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025AFFC99BEE5397FC51F5AA" blockId="3.[151,920,1993,2015]" box="[151,920,1993,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025AFFC99BEE5397FEC5F5AB" bold="true" box="[151,268,1993,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="282">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Lower pharyngeal toothplate; from ROM 86918 117.0 mm SL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE54C9FB35F3FE" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
Fins. Dorsal XVII,11(7), XVII,12(36); anal III,7(41),
<date id="FFA1A6BB025DFFCE985A54C6FC93F2C5" box="[803,858,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">III-8</date>
(2). Dorsal-fin spines increasing in length from first to sixth, equal in length to ninth, then slightly shorter; loose membranes behind spine tips pointed, up to 1/3 length of spines. Soft portion expanded and pointed, reaching 1/3 of caudal-fin length, rays 4–6 longest but not produced into filaments; in specimens
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025DFFCE9AA4555AFD8BF369" box="[477,578,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.24" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="62.4">62.4 mm</quantity>
SL and smaller dorsal fin not reaching caudal-fin insertion. Anal fin round, moderately pointed in largest specimens, with rays 2–5 longest, not reaching caudal fin or barely beyond its base in largest specimens. Caudal fin emarginate with lobes of approximately the same length and without filaments; specimens
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025DFFCE9A6A552CFEBEF3FF" box="[275,375,370,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.56" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="55.6">55.6 mm</quantity>
SL or less with slightly or not produced rays, reaching at most 1st anal-fin spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BEE55C8FEB2F04A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Teeth. Outer row of upper jaw with 12–26 approximately cylindrical, frequently blunt, slightly recurved, unicuspid teeth; larger than in inner rows, extending along most of premaxillary length; 3–4 inner rows, separated by a clear gap from outer row; teeth on inner row thin, slightly recurved, unicuspid. Outer row of lower jaw with 6–23 blunt, slightly recurved, unicuspid teeth; inner rows 6, separated from outer row by distinct gap; teeth thin, slightly recurved, unicuspid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE5614FAC3F0F2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
Gills. External rakers on first gill arch: 7(2), 8(10), 9(27), 10(4) on epibranchial lobe,
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angle and 10(3), 11(35), 12(5) on ceratobranchial, none on hypobranchial. Gill filaments with narrow basal skin cover.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE56CCFE80F14E" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
Tooth plates. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate elongate (
<figureCitation id="13249CFE025DFFCE985F56CCFCA5F0DE" box="[806,876,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,503,1968]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,495,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lower pharyngeal toothplate; from ROM 86918 117.0 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220413/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); width of bone 83% of length; dentigerious area 83% of width; 28 teeth in posterior row,
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025DFFCE992356E9FD5BF0BA" box="[602,658,694,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
median row. Anteriormost teeth subconical, laterally compressed and erect, teeth thinner and more laterally compressed towards caudal edge of plate, posteromedial teeth much larger, almost cylindrical, cusps posterior, almost blunt. Ceratobranchial 4 with 6 toothplates with between 3 and 11 unicuspid teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE5718FBCCF12A" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" box="[199,1029,838,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Vertebrae. 14+18=32(6), 15+18=33(2), 15+17=32(1); 9–11 epihemal ribs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE5734FD8FF792" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025DFFCE9BBE5734FE26F1F6" bold="true" box="[199,495,874,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Color pattern in alcohol</emphasis>
(Figs. 1,3). Background colour grayish yellow; nape, snout and upper lip darker gray, scaled portion of cheek lighter; lower lip yellowish white. Opercle darker on dorsal third, with faint, black to dark gray, vertical preopercular mark; lower half of opercle and subopercle dusky yellow. Ventrally, gill cover dusky yellow or yellowish white in some specimens; branchiostegal membrane also grayish-white. Chest yellow laterally and ventrally, white in specimens less than
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025DFFCE999E57A4FC84F667" box="[743,845,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="55.4">55.4 mm</quantity>
SL. Juveniles with silvery-white chest region. chest region. A broad, faint supraorbital bar extends dorsally above the posterior half of orbit. Flanks with 6, dorsoventrally directed, dark-gray bars fading or disappearing ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13249CFE025DFFCE98AA501CFBD0F62E" box="[979,1049,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,681,703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic representation of the lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus crocatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220414/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Bar 1 expands from the 7th–8th predorsal scale to the base of the 5th dorsal-fin spine forming an inverted triangle, anterior edge roughly delimited by the extrascapular and posterior edge descending ventrally to pectoral-fin insertion. Bar 2 extends between base of dorsal-fin spines 6–7 and 9 and runs vertically to H4–5. Bar 3 slightly caudally oriented, originates between the base of dorsal fin spines
<date id="FFA1A6BB025DFFCE9ACD508DFDB3F69E" box="[436,634,1234,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283" value="1913-11-12" valueMax="1913-11-12" valueMin="1913-11-12">11–12 and 12–13</date>
, descends ventrally and fades progressively to H5–6. Bar 3 appears to fuse dorsally with bar 2, forming a bridge with a thickness of 1–1.5 scale widths from E5–E6 (Figs. 3,4). A welldemarked, black medial spot is located on bar 3, extending rostro-caudally between scales 11 and 14–15 of E3 and dorsoventrally between the lower half of E4 and E2, such that the upper lateral line traverses the dorsal 1/4 –1/3 of the spot. Bar 4 extends between the bases of dorsal-fin spines 14–15 to 16, and descends ventro-caudally to H1. Bar 5 extends between the base of dorsal-fin spine 16 and ray 1 or rays 1–2 and rays 4–5, descends vertically fading at H1. Bar 6 extends caudally from the third postdorsal scale to just anterior to caudal peduncle edge, descends vertically and fades at H1–2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE51ACFB0BF4CA" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Dorsal fin dusky, lappets dark gray or blackish, forming a dark edge along fin; soft portion white-spotted on inter-radial membranes; in specimens 44.0 mm SL or smaller three dusky longitudinal, parallel stripes alternate with light stripes along soft portion of dorsal fin. Anal fin hyaline to slightly dusky; largest specimen with dark gray lappets. Caudal fin gray-brown, with whitish longitudinal bands of variable length and elongate spots, forming no evident pattern; specimens up to 65.0 mm SL with 4 dark, vertical bands that gradually turn into the pattern described above with increasing size. Pectoral fin immaculate. Pelvic fin dusky, darker distally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025DFFCE9BBE5294FB3CF5E2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025DFFCE9BBE5294FE85F496" bold="true" box="[199,332,1738,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="283">Live colors</emphasis>
(Figs. 3,4). Melanic markings as in alcohol specimens. Background color yellowish grey. Five to seven faint, iridescent blue bands alternating with olive green along body, but not always distinct. Head without markings except for iridescent blue on ventral portion of preopercule; gill cover yellow. Dorsal fin reddish with faint iridescent blue spots, especially on soft portion; some specimens with tips of spiny portion black; pelvic fin dusky except for white distal portion of first ray; in smaller specimens bright yellow; anal fin reddish with three iridescent blue stripes; caudal fin reddish with a variable pattern of iridescent blue stripes and spots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF60D0F3025CFFCF9BEE56F7FBA1F0CA" box="[151,1128,681,703]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220414/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" targetBox="[151,1436,195,656]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025CFFCF9BEE56F7FBA1F0CA" blockId="5.[151,1128,681,703]" box="[151,1128,681,703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9BEE56F7FEDAF0CB" bold="true" box="[151,275,681,703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Diagrammatic representation of the lateral bars distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF98EB56F7FBABF0CA" box="[914,1122,681,703]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF98EB56F7FBABF0CA" box="[914,1122,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF60D0F3025CFFCF9BEE5143FE63F727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220415/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" targetBox="[151,1426,755,1284]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025CFFCF9BEE5143FE63F727" blockId="5.[151,1436,1309,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9BEE5143FEDBF746" bold="true" box="[151,274,1309,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9A615143FE27F741" box="[280,494,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF9A615143FE22F741" box="[280,491,1309,1332]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">Geophagus crocatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
ROM 86918, 91.2 mm SL, Berbice River, above and below Itabru falls and in quiet lake-like expansions below the falls.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C305D3F0025CFFCF9BBE5120FAF6F452" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025CFFCF9BBE5120FAF6F452" blockId="5.[151,1437,1406,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9BBE5120FE23F7E2" bold="true" box="[199,490,1406,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13249CFE025CFFCF9A825120FD89F7E2" box="[507,576,1406,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[222,1356,433,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[198,1381,411,1915]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Collecting sites of Geophagus crocatus in the Berbice drainage in Guyana. One dot may represent more than one collection locality. The open circle represents the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220416/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF99245121FC8AF7E2" box="[605,835,1407,1431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF99245121FC8AF7E2" box="[605,835,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in the
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB025CFFCF9F4B5120FB40F7E2" box="[1074,1161,1406,1431]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Berbice</collectingCountry>
River, above and below the rapids at Itabru Falls. The
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB025CFFCF9A8451FDFD9DF7C9" box="[509,596,1443,1468]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Berbice</collectingCountry>
is a black water river running through thick gallery forests.
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF9E6551FDFF3FF7AA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9E6551FDFF3FF7AA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was most abundant in areas of sluggish water with sandy bottoms with relatively little forest cover.
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF9BEE51B5FEB7F476" box="[151,382,1515,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9BEE51B5FEB7F476" box="[151,382,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Geophagus crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in waters with low conductivity (2–39 µS), temperature 25–33°C, and low to neutral
<collectingCountry id="F308C0EB025CFFCF9B92524EFEC4F452" box="[235,269,1552,1575]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">pH</collectingCountry>
(4.1–7.1). Secchi depth was
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025CFFCF992A5251FD78F452" box="[595,689,1551,1575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="m" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 m</quantity>
, velocity
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/s, and dissolved oxygen
<quantity id="4CE72D9E025CFFCF9FD05250FAE3F452" box="[1193,1322,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" unit="mg" value="5.9" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="5.1">5.1–6.7 mg</quantity>
/l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305D3F0025CFFCF9BBE5208FE8DF4E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA0807B025CFFCF9BBE5208FE8DF4E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1622,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF9BBE5208FE87F41A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1622,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin adjective
<taxonomicName id="4C1FFBF8025CFFCF99085206FD19F41A" box="[625,720,1624,1647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocatus">
<emphasis id="B96B5C69025CFFCF99085206FD19F41A" box="[625,720,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="284">crocatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, saffron yellow. Given in reference to the yellow operculum on live specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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