302 lines
63 KiB
XML
302 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="9A10F91469021D07EE9B5A6F593424C4" ID-CLB-Dataset="9054" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4903.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e0a9af7-a24f-4bba-9e00-eaea04188e73" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4422735" ID-ZooBank="EA9907FC-8FC1-4FB0-8E36-8E32F044012A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610010382323" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2021" docId="03B1FE57D558FFCCFF117622FA8A52B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4903.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4903 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Henricia fragilis Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FF88862FD55CFFC9FF867015FF8B550F" masterDocTitle="Two new deep-sea species of the genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida Echinasteridae) from Japanese waters" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1698920082694" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="926BF05A8246EDFEA12FEA9AD889BEC1">Two new deep-sea species of the genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida Echinasteridae) from Japanese waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B6E44B9E64F1AFA766C197081191C4F">Kobayashi, Itaru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DE302AB2F219A10D315FCEF189F76A8">Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 0033, Japan. & Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan. & i _ kobayashi @ kahaku. go. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8639 - 3447</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="617A4A7C82E05D24E7367A428B93C70D" type="email">i_kobayashi@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="076213DB0E3361D829EB1973A03A87D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="85E6A3A88F4FB9538BC55C532B1DEF6B">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB077678FB4FF315293C24FFAF3DB75C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4440-2776</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6511FC3407AB1C544A5162FE75779DB">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura-shi, Kanagawa 238 - 0225, Japan. kohtsuka @ g. ecc. u-tokyo. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4440 - 2776</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="230A5FC1D6DEEC41BE311CD4904BD0FE" type="email">kohtsuka@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0941A388494505F74D8F0F3C37FF0DFC">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D5487BE237ED58B281D144A28B826E7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0334-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2C974561034D687651AE3AD9C9BCE49">Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 - 0033, Japan. & Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan. & fujita @ kahaku. go. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0334 - 1794</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2BDC631C526A6D0D50D99939B0DA9B7B" type="email">fujita@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3E59422CF1CE5998CFF429DA5238337A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B39E46C84DD4039A97155871A6F0878B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4870F483BCBDB21C6674DFA6251509DF">2021-01-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B1FE57D558FFCCFF117622FA8A52B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176438230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4422737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1FE57D558FFCCFF117622FA8A52B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1FE57D558FFCCFF117622FA8A52B6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD558FFCDFF117622FE21535E" box="[151,426,1590,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D558FFCDFF117622FE21535E" blockId="4.[151,614,1590,1689]" box="[151,426,1590,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0EFF82DD558FFCDFF117622FE21535E" bold="true" box="[151,426,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D558FFCDFF117622FE21535E" bold="true" box="[151,426,1590,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D558FFCDFF117622FEEB535E" ID-CoL="8499Z" authority="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,352,1590,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D558FFCDFF117622FEEB535E" bold="true" box="[151,352,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Henricia fragilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F2E28D558FFCDFEEE7622FE21535E" box="[360,426,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD558FFCDFF11764EFDED5396" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D558FFCDFF11764EFE03537A" blockId="4.[151,614,1590,1689]" box="[151,392,1626,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation id="132353C4D558FFCDFF11764EFF72537A" box="[151,249,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-406@2.[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Henricia margarethae n. sp. Holotype NSMT E-13349. Living specimen. B. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. In situ image by ROV Hyper-Dolphin at 1806 m in depth off Hahajima Island. The specimen is associated with an unidentified glass sponge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422743/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132353C4D558FFCDFE82764EFE99537A" box="[260,274,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">4</figureCitation>
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A–J, 5F-G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D558FFCDFF11766AFDED5396" blockId="4.[151,614,1590,1689]" box="[151,614,1662,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">[New Japanese name: Ibara-hime-hitode]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD558FFCDFF1176D2FF7B5226" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D558FFCDFF1176D2FF7B5226" blockId="4.[151,1437,1734,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D558FFCDFF1176D2FECC53EF" bold="true" box="[151,327,1734,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Type Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B70451CD558FFCDFECB76D2FF7B5226" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3011984301" collectingDate="2012-06-29" collectionCode="NSMT, R, V" country="Japan" elevation="1806" latitude="26.4668" location="Southeast of Hahajima Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.50172" municipality="Ogasawara Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A3F1E3D558FFCDFECB76D2FE3253EE" box="[333,441,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED09D784D558FFCDFE4476D2FD8453EE" box="[450,527,1735,1761]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">NSMT</collectionCode>
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E-13165,
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<location id="8EC7199AD558FFCDFD0476D2FC4753EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1FE57D558FFCCFF117622FA8A52B6:8EC7199AD558FFCDFD0476D2FC4753EE" box="[642,972,1735,1761]" country="Japan" latitude="26.4668" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.50172" municipality="Ogasawara Islands" name="Southeast of Hahajima Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Southeast of Hahajima Island</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC3D53BD558FFCDFC5076D2FB2153EE" box="[982,1194,1735,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Ogasawara Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30F0FD1D558FFCDFB3276D2FB7F53EE" box="[1204,1268,1735,1761]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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),
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depth
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</elevation>
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, collected by the
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<collectionCode id="ED09D784D558FFCDFD2976FEFD4A520A" box="[687,705,1771,1797]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode id="ED09D784D558FFCDFD4C76FEFD56520A" box="[714,733,1771,1797]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D558FFCDFD6376FEFCE2520A" box="[741,873,1771,1797]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Natsushima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D558FFCDFD6376FEFCE2520A" box="[741,873,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Natsushima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<date id="FFA66981D558FFCDFCF176FEFB9A520A" box="[887,1041,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2012-06-29">
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<collectingDate id="EFE29069D558FFCDFCF176FEFB9A520A" box="[887,1041,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2012-06-29">29 June 2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, fixed in 99.5% ethanol;
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<collectionCode id="ED09D784D558FFCDFAAA76FEFAB4520A" box="[1324,1343,1771,1797]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
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<quantity id="4CE0E2A4D558FFCDFAC076FEFA13520A" box="[1350,1432,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
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, r
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<quantity id="4CE0E2A4D558FFCDFF2E771AFF675226" box="[168,236,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD558FFCCFF417727FDFC55DA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D558FFCCFF417727FDFC55DA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1734,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D558FFCDFF417727FEC95243" bold="true" box="[199,322,1842,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Abactinal skeleton is irregular, open meshwork. Papular areas are larger than abactinal plates, containing 1 to 7 papulae and a few secondary abactinal plates. Abactinal spines gradually tapering, sharply pointed, sparsely serrated distally, and mostly arranged in more than two rows. Pseudopaxilla closely located, often touch each other. Intermarginal series extends to 1/3 to 1/2 of R. Superomarginal, ventrolateral, adambulacral plate is each with 5 to 25 spines. Inferomarginal plate is each with 10 to 35 spines. Ventrolateral series are multiple. The inner-most ventrolateral series is the longest. Subambulacral spines arranged in three or more rows. Furrow spines 2 on most adambulacral plates in a vertical row.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD559FFCCFF4170CBFD3A5322" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF4170CBFB9E5716" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFF4170CBFE6155F6" bold="true" box="[199,490,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
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Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3F1E3D559FFCCFEF070CAFE6E55F6" box="[374,485,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Arms six, sub-cylindrical in shape, conspicuously slender, and gradually taper to the arm tip (
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<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFF707116FEDA5412" box="[246,337,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). R/r ratio is 7. The abactinal skeleton is an irregular open meshwork, which is constituted by a lot of narrow, elongated or quadrilobate abactinal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFD787132FC0E544E" box="[766,901,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal plates are partially imbricated each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFF64715EFEB6546A" box="[226,317,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each abactinal papular area is considerably larger than the surrounding plates, containing 1 to 7 (mainly 3 to 4) papulae, and 1 to 3 secondary abactinal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFCD8717AFC335486" box="[862,952,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each abactinal plate bears 2 to 20 abactinal spines which are mostly arranged in more than two irregular rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFC3C7186FBCA54A2" box="[954,1089,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal spines are grouped together by an integument to form pseudopaxillae which are not arranged in regular series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB2671A2FAAD54DE" box="[1184,1318,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Many of the adjacent pseudopaxillae touch each other so densely as to obscure the border of the plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB3571CEFAB354FA" box="[1203,1336,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A madreporite is located at the margin of the disc with numerous spines on its surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF417236FF6157C2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Abactinal spines are slender and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0E2A4D559FFCCFDCC7237FC865732" box="[586,781,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.305" valueMax="0.36" valueMin="0.25">0.25 to 0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Proximal one-third of the spines is uniformly smoothed but the remaining distal part of the spines is sparsely serrated by some minute thorns. Toward the distal tip, the abactinal spines gradually taper and end up with sharply pointed or somewhat serrated tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB78727EFAD2578A" box="[1278,1369,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM images of lateral and top view of abactinal spines from basal arm. A. Henricia margarethae n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13349. B. H. margarethae n. sp. Paratype, NSMT E-7186. C. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. Scale bar indicates 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422749" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422749/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to these feature, abactinal spines provide very spiny appearance to each pseudopaxilla and abactinal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFAE2729AFF5557C2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF4172C2FB515002" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Superomarginal plates are quadrilobate or rod-shaped. Such two kinds of superomarginal plates are alternately arranged in a longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFD8D72EEFDE9561A" box="[523,610,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inferomarginal plates are quadrilobate and are arranged in a longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFF6E730AFEC95636" box="[232,322,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each superomarginal plate bears 8 to 23 spines, but the number of spines tend to be smaller on rod-shaped superomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFDA67356FDFD5652" box="[544,630,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each inferomarginal plate bears 11 to 35 spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB2B7356FA885652" box="[1197,1283,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The supero-and inferomarginal spines are irregularly arranged in more than two irregular transverse rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB427372FACD568E" box="[1220,1350,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). These marginal series are separated each other from proximal-most to at least proximal one-third the length of the arm. Superomarginal series gradually come closer to inferomarginal series as it approaches to the distal direction. A meeting point of supero- and inferomarginal series is located between proximal one-third to half the length of the arm. Beyond the meeting point, supero- and inferomarginal series adjoin completely to the terminal plate. The interspace formed as a result of diverging of these series is filled with some rod-shaped or a few quadrilobate intermarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFF6E742AFEB45156" box="[232,319,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Except for the basal part of the arm, rod-shaped intermarginal plates are arranged in a longitudinal series without in contact with other intermarginal plates and rod-shaped superomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB577476FAA25172" box="[1233,1321,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). And this intermarginal series extends proximal one-third to half the length of the arm. At the basal part of the arm, intermarginal plates are arranged so irregular as to hard to determine which is the real intermarginal series. There are no small rod-shaped intermarginal plates connecting two other intermarginal plates longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB5874DAFAB351E6" box="[1246,1336,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or two irregular series of papulae are present between the superomarginal and inferomarginal series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF417502FB0150CE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Ventrolateral plates are quadrilobate and are arranged in two longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFBC57502FB12503E" box="[1091,1177,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first ventrolateral series adjacent to the adambulacral series is longer than another (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFCF6752EFC7E505A" box="[880,1013,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Figs. 4E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). And the first series is partially intermitted by a few inferomarginal plates. Both ventrolateral series are confined within proximal one-third the length of the arms. Each ventrolateral plate bares 5 to 18 spines on their central tubercle in more than two irregular rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFAE97596FF3550CE" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). One series of papulae is present between the inferomarginal and adambulacral series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF4175DEFB9D5306" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Most adambulacral plates with 2 (rarely 3) furrow spines deep in the furrow in a vertical row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFB6F75DEFACA50EA" box="[1257,1345,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 14 to 24 subambulacral spines in three or more irregular transverse rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFC2975FAFB825306" box="[943,1033,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1435,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. A. whole body, abactinal and actinal views. B. part of abactinal side, near the base of arm. C. denuded abactinal surface from proximal-most portion of arm, showing secondary abactinal plates (arrow heads). D. abactinal pseudopaxillae from proximal-most portion of arm. E. part of denuded ventrolateral surface, proximal-most to one-third the length of arm. F. part of lateral surface at half the length of arm. G. part of actinal surface at proximal-most arm. H. furrow spines, the Arabic numerals 12 and 13 indicate furrow spines which stand on 12th and 13th adambulacral plates, respectively. Abbreviations: (S) superomarginal series, (I) inferomarginal series, (V1) first ventrolateral series, (V2) second ventrolateral series, (A) adambulacral series. Scale bars indicate 10 mm for A, 1 mm for B–H. Proximal is left in B–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422747/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF417606FD3A5322" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,689,1555,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
The color in life is uniform white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFDCA7606FD2F5322" box="[588,676,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-406@2.[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Henricia margarethae n. sp. Holotype NSMT E-13349. Living specimen. B. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. In situ image by ROV Hyper-Dolphin at 1806 m in depth off Hahajima Island. The specimen is associated with an unidentified glass sponge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422743/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD559FFCCFF417623FAB1535E" box="[199,1338,1590,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF417623FAB1535E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1338,1590,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFF417623FEEA535F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Southeast of Hahajima Island,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE0E2A4D559FFCCFD467622FC93535E" box="[704,792,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8059999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="1806.0">1806 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFCA57622FC1D535E" authorityName="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[803,918,1591,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFCA57622FCBC535F" box="[803,823,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFCC37622FC1D535E" box="[837,918,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3F1E3D559FFCCFB2F7622FB52535E" box="[1193,1241,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3021CCAD559FFCCFF41764EFA8A52B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF41764EFBDA5396" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFF41764EFEC5537A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFDA8764EFDF4537A" authorityName="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[558,639,1627,1653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFDA8764EFDF4537A" box="[558,639,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is derived from Latin meaning fragile alluding to the delicate nature of the abactinal spines. The Japanese name “ibara” is the general name of thorny plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA74F41D559FFCCFF4176B7FA8A52B6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFF4176B7FE3E53B2" bold="true" box="[199,437,1698,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Ecological remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFE3A76B6FD8953B3" box="[444,514,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
image taken by the ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFCA176B6FC5953B2" box="[807,978,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Hyper-Dolphin</emphasis>
|
||
shows that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3F1E3D559FFCCFB0676B6FB6953B2" box="[1152,1250,1699,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFA8E76B6FF4C53EE" authorityName="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita" authorityYear="2021" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFA8E76B6FF4C53EE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Henricia fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attached to an unidentified glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Amphidiscosida) with its arms wrapped around the sponge’s body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132353C4D559FFCCFECD76FEFE2F520A" box="[331,420,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-406@2.[151,1435,1425,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Henricia margarethae n. sp. Holotype NSMT E-13349. Living specimen. B. Henricia fragilis n. sp. Holotype, NSMT E-13165. In situ image by ROV Hyper-Dolphin at 1806 m in depth off Hahajima Island. The specimen is associated with an unidentified glass sponge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4422743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4422743/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This posture is consistent with that of the sponge predation shown by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFB5C76FEFEFD5225" authority="(O. F. Muller, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFB5C76FEFB65520B" box="[1242,1262,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFB7876FEFA16520A" box="[1278,1437,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">sanguinolenta</emphasis>
|
||
(O.F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFF5F771AFEE55225" author="Muller, O. F." box="[217,366,1807,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" refId="ref9636" refString="Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae prodromus: seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum; characters, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hallageriis, Havniae, 274 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13268" type="book" year="1776">Müller, 1776</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFE37771AFD7E5226" authority="(Perrier 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[433,757,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFE37771AFE4E5227" box="[433,453,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFE50771AFDC75226" box="[470,588,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFDDB771AFD665226" author="Perrier, E." box="[605,749,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref9838" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perrier 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFC80771AFB9E5226" author="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D." box="[774,1045,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="107 - 133" refId="ref10023" refString="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D. (1993) The impact of Henricia sanguinolenta (O. F. Muller) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) predation on the finger sponges, Isodictya spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 166 (1), 107 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (93) 90081 - X" type="journal article" year="1993">Sheild & Witman 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFBA5771AFB165226" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1059,1181,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref9319" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Many accounts have shown some species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFD937726FDF25243" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[533,633,1843,1868]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFD937726FDF25243" box="[533,633,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as spongivores (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFCE17726FB835242" author="Vasserot, J." box="[871,1032,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="796 - 809" refId="ref10474" refString="Vasserot, J. (1961) Caractere hautement specialise du regime alimentaire chez les asterides Echinaster sepositus et Henricia sanguinolenta, predateurs de spongiaires. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 86, 796 - 809." type="journal article" year="1961">Vasserot 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFB937726FB795242" author="Mauzey, K. P. & Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K." box="[1045,1266,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="603 - 619" refId="ref9428" refString="Mauzey, K. P., Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K. (1968) Behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology, 49 (4), 603 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1935526" type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Mauzey
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFBF07726FB235242" box="[1142,1192,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFB787726FE80527E" author="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="107 - 133" refId="ref10023" refString="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D. (1993) The impact of Henricia sanguinolenta (O. F. Muller) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) predation on the finger sponges, Isodictya spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 166 (1), 107 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (93) 90081 - X" type="journal article" year="1993">Sheild & Witman 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFE9F7742FDA3527E" author="Mercier, A. & Hamel, J. F." box="[281,552,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="205 - 223" refId="ref9485" refString="Mercier, A. & Hamel, J. F. (2008) Depth-related shift in life history strategies of a brooding and broadcasting deep-sea asteroid. Marine Biology, 156 (2), 205 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 008 - 1077 - x" type="journal article" year="2008">Mercier & Hamel 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFDB07742FD25527E" author="Mah, C. L." box="[566,686,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref9319" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some papers in fact observed their everted stomach pressed against the prey items (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFE27776EFD08529A" author="Mauzey, K. P. & Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K." box="[417,643,1915,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="603 - 619" refId="ref9428" refString="Mauzey, K. P., Birkeland, C. & Dayton, P. K. (1968) Behavior of asteroids and escape responses of their prey in the Puget Sound region. Ecology, 49 (4), 603 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1935526" type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Mauzey
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFD80776EFDB2529A" box="[518,569,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1968
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8932B0D559FFCCFD17776EFC16529A" author="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D." box="[657,925,1915,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="107 - 133" refId="ref10023" refString="Sheild, C. J. & Witman, J. D. (1993) The impact of Henricia sanguinolenta (O. F. Muller) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) predation on the finger sponges, Isodictya spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 166 (1), 107 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (93) 90081 - X" type="journal article" year="1993">Sheild & Witman 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The everted stomach of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1834C2D559FFCCFB41776EFAB7529A" authorityName="Kobayashi & Kohtsuka & Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[1223,1340,1915,1941]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFB41776EFB50529B" box="[1223,1243,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C9353D559FFCCFB6D776EFAB7529A" box="[1259,1340,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not observed in our 6-minute ROV observation, but the species is also likely to be a predator of sponges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |