treatments-xml/data/03/B1/55/03B1553F4A0CDD035ECC1D85FBDCFCFE.xml

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<mods:title id="8882F73922743F4C1F27004629A9CEC8">The study of the tribe Gastrodieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) in Sri Lanka I: two new species of Gastrodia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="78D4782BC7473F87B45734D40419B726">Bandara, Champika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4A7830BCBBF0267EEBDCE53062C3773">Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka. &amp; cshbandara @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5403 - 8037</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="67811AAA2FBE1F2C4A72E61611D39000">Atthanagoda, Anusha Gayan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AE5465A4596F8631847942CF86E05BF">Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka. &amp; anushagayan 1983 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3301 - 4081</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5106687D2DA1A8CC24BAFC41AF636BC">Bandara, Nadeesha Lewke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6514E92973D8E69DF87F7A56F47F10A0">Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka. &amp; nlbandara @ ibmbb. cmb. ac. lk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3873 - 220 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7F08E97161E1336C037992F35744E000">Kumar, Pankaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA2B99E93F8C2AEB67EB626A6ADF4556">Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA. &amp; sahanipankaj @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3469 - 5731</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0CDD0E5ECC1D85FCF0FF23" authority="Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,820,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5ECC1D85FE63FF23" bold="true" box="[136,423,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F85404A0CDD0E5D7F1D84FC55FF23" box="[827,913,159,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A0CDD0E5DE51D85FBEEFF23" box="[929,1066,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,235,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,196,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,189,1795]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gastrodia munasinghae Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar sp. nov. A. A flowering plant. B. A plant with flower buds. C. Front view of flower. D. Capsule. E. Flower arrangement; Gastrodia thilakapremae Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar sp. nov. F. A flowering plant. G. A plant with flower buds. H. Inflorescence. I. Close-up of flower buds. J. Front view of flower. K. Capsules. (Photographs by Anusha G. Atthanagoda)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084584/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Figs. 1 F–K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A0CDD0E5A711D85FB87FF22" box="[1077,1091,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[136,235,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,189,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,189,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Gastrodia thilakapremae Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar sp. nov. A. Flowers. B. Flower buds. C. Rhizome. D. Capsules. E. Front view of flower. F. Floral bract. G. Lateral view of a flower. H. Ventral view of a flower. I. Lateral view of column and labellum. J. Ventral view of column and labellum. K. Lateral view of column. L. Dorsal view of column. M. Ventral view of column. N. Labellum. O. Lateral view of labellum. P. Inside of flattened perianth tube. Q. Outside of the flattened perianth tube. R. Pollinia. S. &amp; T. Operculum (Photographs by Anusha G. Atthanagoda)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084591/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">4</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A0CDD0E5A231D85FBB1FF23" box="[1127,1141,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,193,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[151,1435,189,1781]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Gastrodia thilakapremae Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar sp. nov. A.A flowering plant. B. Flowers. C. Rhizome. D. Front view of flower. E. Floral bract. F. Dorsal view of a flower. G. Ventral view of a flower. H. Lateral view of a flower. I. Capsule. J. Labellum. K. Lateral view of column and labellum. L. Dorsal view of column. M. Ventral view of column. N. Operculum. O. Pollinia. P. Inside of the flattened perianth tube. (Illustration by Champika Bandara)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">5</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5ECC1DF1FF1EFF65" bold="true" box="[136,218,234,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Type:—</emphasis>
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. 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED097CEC4A0CDD0E5B291DF1FA61FF65" box="[1389,1445,234,255]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">PDA</collectionCode>
!;
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<typeStatus id="54A35A8B4A0CDD0E5EF91C15FEC6FEBE" box="[189,258,270,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
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!-spirit)
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; 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<location id="8EC7B2F24A0CDD0E5D9E1C15FBDDFEBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1553F4A0CDD035ECC1D85FBDCFCFE:8EC7B2F24A0CDD0E5D9E1C15FBDDFEBE" box="[986,1049,270,292]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Ratnapura District" municipality="Galwangediya" name="Eratne" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Sabaragamuwa Province">Eratne</location>
–Sri Pada trail, 
<location id="8EC7B2F24A0CDD0E5AEA1C15FA6CFEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1553F4A0CDD035ECC1D85FBDCFCFE:8EC7B2F24A0CDD0E5AEA1C15FA6CFEB9" box="[1198,1448,270,292]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Ratnapura District" municipality="Galwangediya" name="Samanala Nature Reserve" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Sabaragamuwa Province">Samanala Nature Reserve</location>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFE23B014A0CDD0E5EF91C29FEFBFEDD" box="[189,319,306,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" value="2022-06-10">10 June 2022</collectingDate>
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, 
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<specimenCode id="DBBE4C524A0CDD0E5F0D1C29FE12FEDD" box="[329,470,306,327]" collectionCode="AKAG" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">AKAG13.2022</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED097CEC4A0CDD0E5C791C29FDB1FEDD" box="[573,629,306,327]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="Herbarium">PDA</collectionCode>
!; PDA!-spirit)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A0CDD0E5ECC1C6DFAF2FC36" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A0CDD0E5ECC1C6DFAF2FC36" blockId="6.[136,1452,374,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5ECC1C6DFEC1FE0A" bold="true" box="[136,261,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0CDD0E5F4E1C6DFDE5FE0A" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[266,545,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5F4E1C6DFDE5FE0A" box="[266,545,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a Sri Lankan endemic, is not easy to differentiate from a 
<collectingCountry id="F30FA4B94A0CDD0E5AD81C6CFB18FE0B" box="[1180,1244,375,401]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30FA4B94A0CDD0E5B4B1C6DFAA5FE0A" box="[1295,1377,374,400]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
native 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0CDD0E5ECC1C80FE18FE2E" authority="Blume (1856: 174)" authorityName="Blume" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1856" box="[136,476,410,437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5ECC1C80FEC4FE2E" box="[136,256,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">G. gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8999D84A0CDD0E5F431C81FE18FE2E" author="Blume, C. L." box="[263,476,410,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" refId="ref6587" refString="Blume, C. L. (1856) Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum II. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 256 pp." type="book" year="1856">Blume (1856: 174)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as they look similar in various morphological features, however they are different on a closer look. 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0CDD0E5F501CA5FDE9FE42" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[276,557,446,472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5F501CA5FDE9FE42" box="[276,557,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has green flowers with green opaque petals; triangular floral bracts, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5B7D1CA5FA68FE43" box="[1337,1452,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 mm</quantity>
long; orange labellum (darker towards apex and fading towards base), length slightly shorter than column with anther cap, almost triangular to ovate in shape abruptly narrowing towards the apex with constrictions on the margins, lacking distinct longitudinal bands of intermittent warts towards the centre, with a pair of triangular lamellae on the centre between the constrictions; hypochile broad (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5CC21F55FD01FDF3" box="[646,709,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide) and orange on upper and white on the lower surface; epichile lower margin slightly flat; column with stelidia wings broadening from nearly at the base of the column till just below the apex of stelidia and capsules fusiform, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5C241F8DFD18FD2B" box="[608,732,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
long. Whereas, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0CDD0E5DD41F8CFBC3FD2A" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1856" box="[912,1031,662,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5DD41F8CFBC3FD2A" box="[912,1031,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">G. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dull greenish-brown flowers with darker pale brown petals; floral bracts ovate or elliptic shaped, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5D0C1FA1FC61FD4F" box="[840,933,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long; labellum orange with white longitudinal bands before the margin on either side, length slightly longer than the column with anther cap, almost triangular but gradually narrowing towards apex lacking any constrictions on the margin; distinct 5 longitudinal divergent bands of intermittent warts running from base to the middle of the labellum, with a pair of ellipsoid lamellae towards the apex; hypochile narrow (&lt;
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F361E51FE76FCFF" box="[370,434,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide) and orange on both surfaces; lower margin of epichile raised up to fill the gap caused due to lack of wings on lower margin of the column; column with broadening of stelidia wings not starting from base but after 1/3 
<superScript id="7C6D49614A0CDD0E5F551E89FEDBFC3A" attach="left" box="[273,287,914,928]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">rd</superScript>
of the length from base and obovoid or ellipsoid capsules that are 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5A4C1E89FBB4FC37" box="[1032,1136,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.0">2–2.3 cm</quantity>
long (see 
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A0CDD0E5AA01E89FAECFC36" box="[1252,1320,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[136,235,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,189,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1435,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of Gastrodia thilakapremae (A, C, E, &amp; G) and G. gracilis (B, D, F &amp; H). A &amp; B. Inflorescence. C &amp; D. Ventral view of column. E &amp; F. Dorsal view of labellum. G &amp; H. Side view of column and labellum. (Photographs A, C, E, &amp; G by Anusha G. Atthanagoda and B, D, F &amp; H by Prof. Tsan-Paio Lin)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084597/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A0CDD0E5EF91EADFD41F973" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A0CDD0E5EF91EADFD41F973" blockId="6.[136,1452,374,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5EF91EADFEF9FC4A" bold="true" box="[189,317,950,976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Terrestrial</emphasis>
, holomycoheterotrophic herbs, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5CE51EADFCD4FC4B" box="[673,784,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="55.0">55–75 cm</quantity>
tall. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5D0C1EADFC76FC4A" bold="true" box="[840,946,950,976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Rhizome</emphasis>
tuberous, ellipsoid, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5AD11EADFB2CFC4B" box="[1173,1256,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long, 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5B251EADFA6FFC4B" box="[1377,1451,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
in diameter, sparse hairs dispersed along the gaps between closely placed membranous triangular scales emerging from the nodes. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5F471EE5FEA6FB82" bold="true" box="[259,354,1022,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Raceme</emphasis>
erect, peduncle 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5C591EE5FD4AFB83" box="[541,654,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="43.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="40.0">40–46 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, pale brown or greyish-brown, with 8–10 membranous semi-transparent sheaths; sheaths tubular, pale brown, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5CB11939FCADFBA7" box="[757,873,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5DF61939FB94FBA6" bold="true" box="[946,1104,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Inflorescence</emphasis>
erect with 4–6 flowers, rachis ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5EF4195DFEC1FBFB" box="[176,261,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5F0B195DFE2FFBFA" bold="true" box="[335,491,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Floral bracts</emphasis>
triangular, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5C2B195DFD20FBFB" box="[623,740,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 mm</quantity>
, acute, dark brown, base surrounding the pedicel. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5B66195DFABCFBFA" bold="true" box="[1314,1400,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Pedicel</emphasis>
dull green-brown to dark brown, verrucose, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5CC61971FD27FB1F" box="[642,739,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5D751971FC54FB1E" bold="true" box="[817,912,1130,1156]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Flowers</emphasis>
resupinate, perianth tube formed by fusion of sepals and petals, apical end partially opened; perianth tube slightly arched downwards, nodding, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5AAE1995FAADFB33" box="[1258,1385,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.5 cm</quantity>
long, up to 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5E8E19A9FE8DFB57" box="[202,329,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 cm</quantity>
wide, globose, outer surface dull green, verruculose; inner surface pale green; lobe of dorsal sepal broadly ovate, 9–10 × 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5FC719CDFE01FB6B" box="[387,453,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, apex obtuse, slightly convex, fleshy, yellowish-green to pale green, margins entire; lobes of lateral sepals broadly ovate, 8–9 × 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5C6B19E1FD7CFA8F" box="[559,696,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
, obtuse, fleshy, margins entire, yellow-green on outside, pale green inside; petal lobes 2, orbicular with contracted base, curled, smaller than sepal lobes, 5.5 × 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5AEA1805FB30FAA3" box="[1198,1268,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, obtuse, margin crenate, pale green; labellum adnate to column foot, ovate to rhomboid, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5DE81859FBF7FAC7" box="[940,1075,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6.3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5A3D1859FB3BFAC7" box="[1145,1279,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–4.5 mm</quantity>
wide, enclosed within the perianth tube, orange, longitudinally channeled underneath; epichile abruptly narrowing at the apex, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5B13187DFF70FA3F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.3" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="5.2">5.2–5.4 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5EBF1891FE47FA3F" box="[251,387,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
wide, dark orange, apex yellow, irregularly crisped on the margin; hypochile contracted into a claw, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5EB518B5FEBDFA53" box="[241,377,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F8418B5FD8CFA53" box="[448,584,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
wide, pair of lamellae or ridge towards the apex; pair of globular, waxy calli at the base, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F4A18C9FE51FA77" box="[270,405,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5C6C18C9FD4CFA76" bold="true" box="[552,648,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Column</emphasis>
erect, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5DBB18C9FBB5FA77" box="[1023,1137,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.0">5–5.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5AFC18C9FAEFFA77" box="[1208,1323,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="3.0">3–3.2 mm</quantity>
wide, apex retuse, pale green-white with light brown colored on both sides, bearing stelidia on either sides and a short foot below; stelidia distinct, falcate, spread out, ca. 4.5 × 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5C3E1B01FD15F9AF" box="[634,721,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
, apex acute with a pointed tip, base slightly angled, pale greenish; foot short, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F421B25FEBEF9C3" box="[262,378,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
long, brown-green; rostellum prominent; stigma located towards the base of the column on a raised, but inclined platform. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5F901B79FD9EF9E6" bold="true" box="[468,602,1634,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Anther cap</emphasis>
cucullate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5CBF1B79FC95F9E7" box="[763,849,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter; pollinia 2, clavate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5AA71B79FAE0F9E7" box="[1251,1316,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long; ovary obconical, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F471B9DFE4EF93B" box="[259,394,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.5">3.5–3.8 mm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5FB31B9DFDFCF93B" box="[503,568,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, dark brown, verrucose, ribbed. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5DA51B9DFB85F93A" bold="true" box="[993,1089,1670,1696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Capsule</emphasis>
erect, fusiform, verruculose, ca. 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5ECC1BB1FEC0F95F" box="[136,260,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5F0D1BB1FE01F95F" box="[329,453,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 cm</quantity>
wide, dark brown with darker stripes, borne on an elongated pedicel; pedicel with capsule up to 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A0CDD0E5E8C1BD5FEDFF973" box="[200,283,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 cm</quantity>
long, brown, slender and terete.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A0CDD0E5EF91BE9FC09F806" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A0CDD0E5EF91BE9FC09F806" blockId="6.[136,1452,374,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5EF91BE9FE9BF896" bold="true" box="[189,351,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering and fruiting observed during May to December in separate subpopulations. Flowering season of the subpopulations in Samanala Nature Reserve show wide range than the other population in Loolkandura. Flowering and fruiting individuals were observed during May to November at the Samanala Nature Reserve in different years according to the field observations. The Loolkandura subpopulation flowered in December. However, flowering and fruiting individuals were observed simultaneously in same population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A0CDD0E5EF91ABDFDD3F87E" pageId="6" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A0CDD0E5EF91ABDFDD3F87E" blockId="6.[136,1452,374,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0CDD0E5EF91ABDFEA0F85A" bold="true" box="[189,356,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="121">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet honors Mr. Atthanagoda Kankanamalage Thilakaprema, the second author’s father for his support and guidance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF67B4A14A0DDD0F5ECC1A01FC75F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084591" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084591/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" startId="7.[136,235,1818,1842]" targetBox="[151,1435,189,1795]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A0DDD0F5ECC1A01FC75F858" blockId="7.[136,1451,1818,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5ECC1A01FEC2F8A8" bold="true" box="[136,262,1818,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A0DDD0F5F4A1A01FCBFF8A8" authority="Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[270,891,1818,1842]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5F4A1A01FDC9F8A8" box="[270,525,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5DC71A00FC16F8A8" box="[899,978,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F85404A0DDD0F5DC71A00FC16F8A8" box="[899,978,1819,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5D9E1A01FC36F8A8" bold="true" box="[986,1010,1818,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">A.</emphasis>
Flowers. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5A1E1A01FBB6F8A8" bold="true" box="[1114,1138,1818,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">B.</emphasis>
Flower buds. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5B4C1A01FAE4F8A8" bold="true" box="[1288,1312,1818,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">C.</emphasis>
Rhizome. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5BD71A01FA6FF8A8" bold="true" box="[1427,1451,1818,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">D.</emphasis>
Capsules. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5EB61A25FECEF8CC" bold="true" box="[242,266,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">E.</emphasis>
Front view of flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5FBC1A25FDCFF8CC" bold="true" box="[504,523,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">F.</emphasis>
Floral bract. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5CDE1A25FD70F8CC" bold="true" box="[666,692,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">G.</emphasis>
Lateral view of a flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5D821A25FC25F8CC" bold="true" box="[966,993,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">H.</emphasis>
Ventral view of a flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5AB01A25FAC0F8CC" bold="true" box="[1268,1284,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">I.</emphasis>
Lateral view of column and labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5F281A79FEBBF8E0" bold="true" box="[364,383,1890,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">J.</emphasis>
Ventral view of column and labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5D481A79FCE3F8E0" bold="true" box="[780,807,1890,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">K.</emphasis>
Lateral view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5A6D1A79FB84F8E0" bold="true" box="[1065,1088,1890,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">L.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5B7A1A79FA98F8E0" bold="true" box="[1342,1372,1890,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">M.</emphasis>
Ventral view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5F761A9DFE8EF804" bold="true" box="[306,330,1926,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">N.</emphasis>
Labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5FF91A9DFE13F804" bold="true" box="[445,471,1926,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">O.</emphasis>
Lateral view of labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5CA41A9DFD30F804" bold="true" box="[736,756,1926,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">P.</emphasis>
Inside of flattened perianth tube. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5A031A9DFBA5F804" bold="true" box="[1095,1121,1926,1950]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">Q.</emphasis>
Outside of the flattened perianth tube. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5E841AB1FF1DF858" bold="true" box="[192,217,1962,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">R.</emphasis>
Pollinia. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5F7F1AB1FE8BF858" bold="true" box="[315,335,1962,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">S.</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A0DDD0F5F2B1AB1FE41F858" bold="true" box="[367,389,1962,1986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="122">T.</emphasis>
Operculum (Photographs by Anusha G. Atthanagoda).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF67B4A14A02DD005ECC1A16FC27F80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084593/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" startId="8.[136,235,1805,1829]" targetBox="[155,1432,193,1777]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A02DD005ECC1A16FC27F80B" blockId="8.[136,1452,1805,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005ECC1A16FEC7F8BF" bold="true" box="[136,259,1805,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A02DD005F4C1A16FCA2F8BE" authority="Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[264,870,1805,1829]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005F4C1A16FDC0F8BF" box="[264,516,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
Atthanagoda, C.Bandara &amp; Kumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005D281A15FC7CF8BF" box="[876,952,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F85404A02DD005D281A15FC7CF8BF" box="[876,952,1806,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005DF81A16FC11F8BF" bold="true" box="[956,981,1805,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">A.</emphasis>
A flowering plant. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005AD01A16FB68F8BF" bold="true" box="[1172,1196,1805,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">B.</emphasis>
Flowers. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005B4A1A16FAE2F8BF" bold="true" box="[1294,1318,1805,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">C.</emphasis>
Rhizome. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005BD71A16FA6FF8BF" bold="true" box="[1427,1451,1805,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">D.</emphasis>
Front view of flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005F251A2AFEBCF8D3" bold="true" box="[353,376,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">E.</emphasis>
Floral bract. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005FB91A2AFDD4F8D3" bold="true" box="[509,528,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">F.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of a flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005D4F1A2AFCE1F8D3" bold="true" box="[779,805,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">G.</emphasis>
Ventral view of a flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005A611A2AFBFBF8D3" bold="true" box="[1061,1087,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">H.</emphasis>
Lateral view of a flower. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005B7A1A2AFA8AF8D3" bold="true" box="[1342,1358,1841,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">I.</emphasis>
Capsule. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005ECC1A4EFF5FF8F7" bold="true" box="[136,155,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">J.</emphasis>
Labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005F541A4EFEEFF8F7" bold="true" box="[272,299,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">K.</emphasis>
Lateral view of column and labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005CFD1A4EFD14F8F7" bold="true" box="[697,720,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">L.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005D941A4EFC2AF8F7" bold="true" box="[976,1006,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">M.</emphasis>
Ventral view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005AB61A4EFACFF8F7" bold="true" box="[1266,1291,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">N.</emphasis>
Operculum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005BD51A4EFA6FF8F7" bold="true" box="[1425,1451,1877,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">O.</emphasis>
Pollinia. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A02DD005EA01A62FF33F80B" bold="true" box="[228,247,1913,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="123">P.</emphasis>
Inside of the flattened perianth tube. (Illustration by Champika Bandara).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF67B4A14A03DD015ECC1B02FC87F9E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084597/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" startId="9.[136,235,1561,1585]" targetBox="[151,1435,189,1538]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A03DD015ECC1B02FC87F9E0" blockId="9.[136,1451,1561,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015ECC1B02FEC7F9A8" bold="true" box="[136,259,1561,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015FE31B01FD60F9A8" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[423,676,1562,1586]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015FE31B01FD60F9A8" box="[423,676,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, C, E, &amp; G) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015D341B01FC18F9A8" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1856" box="[880,988,1562,1586]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015D341B01FC18F9A8" box="[880,988,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">G. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, D, F &amp; H). 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015A381B02FB4AF9AB" bold="true" box="[1148,1166,1561,1585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">A</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015AEA1B01FB01F9A8" bold="true" box="[1198,1221,1562,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">B.</emphasis>
Inflorescence. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015B241B02FAB6F9AB" bold="true" box="[1376,1394,1561,1585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">C</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015BD71B01FA6FF9A8" bold="true" box="[1427,1451,1562,1586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">D.</emphasis>
Ventral view of column. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015FC11B25FE52F9CC" bold="true" box="[389,406,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">E</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015FF31B25FE0EF9CC" bold="true" box="[439,458,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">F.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of labellum. 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015C921B26FD2EF9CF" bold="true" box="[726,746,1597,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">G</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015D4F1B25FCE1F9CC" bold="true" box="[779,805,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">H.</emphasis>
Side view of column and labellum. (Photographs A, C, E, &amp; G by Anusha G. Atthanagoda and B, D, F &amp; H by Prof. Tsan-Paio Lin).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A03DD015EF91BB3FCF1F8B4" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A03DD015EF91BB3FCF1F8B4" blockId="9.[136,1451,1704,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015EF91BB3FEB1F958" bold="true" box="[189,373,1704,1730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Distribution:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015F311BB3FD4BF958" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[373,655,1704,1730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015F311BB3FD4BF958" box="[373,655,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F30FA4B94A03DD015D7C1BB3FC63F958" box="[824,935,1704,1730]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and occurs throughout sub-montane forest at Kondagala in Loolkandura Estate, Kandy District; in the sub-montane and montane forests of the Samanala Nature Reserve in Central Highlands of 
<collectingCountry id="F30FA4B94A03DD015FBF1BEBFDADF890" box="[507,617,1776,1802]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
at Galwangediya on Kuruwita–Eratne–Sri Pada trail and Mahagalthalawa on Moray Estate–Sri Pada trail in Ratnapura District (
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A03DD015CA71A0FFCE3F8B4" box="[739,807,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[136,235,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[212,1374,206,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[196,1390,189,1927]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. The distribution map of all Gastrodia species in Sri Lanka." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084599/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A03DD015EF91A23FB9AF878" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A03DD015EF91A23FB9AF878" blockId="9.[136,1451,1704,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015EF91A23FE10F8C8" bold="true" box="[189,468,1848,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Habitat and ecology:—</emphasis>
This species is found on montane and sub-montane forests between 
<quantity id="4CE049CC4A03DD015A9E1A23FAB2F8C8" box="[1242,1398,1848,1875]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2000 m</quantity>
a.s.l and under the shade of 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015FD01A47FDECF8EC" box="[404,552,1884,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Strobilanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015FD01A47FDECF8EC" box="[404,552,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Strobilanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015C7C1A47FD0FF8EC" box="[568,715,1884,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
) shrubs among the thick leaf litter. Mostly prefers partially open canopy and humus rich soil. Other notable members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015D481A9BFC5CF800" box="[780,920,1920,1946]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
family sharing the same habitat were, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015B1E1A9AFF20F824" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015B1E1A9AFF20F824" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Liparis elliptica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015EB71ABFFE7CF824" box="[243,440,1956,1982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Calanthe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="masuca">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015EB71ABFFE7CF824" box="[243,440,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Calanthe masuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015F831ABEFD8CF824" box="[455,584,1956,1982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Zeuxine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015F831ABEFDE4F824" box="[455,544,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Zeuxine</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015CC41ABFFCD7F824" box="[640,787,1956,1982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Oberonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015CC41ABFFD2EF824" box="[640,746,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Oberonia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
in Samanala Nature Reserve. 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015A281ABFFAE8F824" box="[1132,1324,1956,1982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Oberonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scyllae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015A281ABFFAE8F824" box="[1132,1324,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Oberonia scyllae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015B7F1ABFFF2EF878" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Peristylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aristatus">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015B7F1ABFFF2EF878" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Peristylus aristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015EBC1AD3FE20F878" box="[248,484,1992,2018]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chiloschista" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015EBC1AD3FE20F878" box="[248,484,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Chiloschista fasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A03DD015C5E1AD3FD15F878" box="[538,721,1992,2018]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Phaius" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichii">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A03DD015C5E1AD3FD15F878" box="[538,721,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="124">Phaius wallichii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Kondagala, Loolkandura Estate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF67B4A14A00DD025ECC1A84FCA4F82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084599" box="[136,864,1951,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084599/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="125" startId="10.[136,235,1951,1975]" targetBox="[212,1374,206,1927]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A00DD025ECC1A84FCA4F82D" blockId="10.[136,864,1951,1975]" box="[136,864,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A00DD025ECC1A84FEC0F82D" bold="true" box="[136,260,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
The distribution map of all 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A00DD025C641A84FD11F82D" box="[544,725,1951,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A00DD025C641A84FD42F82D" box="[544,646,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="125">Gastrodia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in Sri Lanka.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A01DD035EF91D86FE64FD4E" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A01DD035EF91D86FE64FD4E" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035EF91D86FE14FF22" bold="true" box="[189,464,157,184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A01DD035F941D85FD2EFF22" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[464,746,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035F941D85FD2EFF22" box="[464,746,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in both montane and sub-montane forests at 3 different sites in 
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, one in Kandy District, 
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and two in Ratnapura District, 
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. This species was recorded from Kondagala in Loolkandura Estate in 2012 where it was seen in bloom regularly in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 with 4, 6, 2, 11, 5 and 6 individuals respectively (
<figureCitation id="1323F8AC4A01DD035A741C11FBB0FEBE" box="[1072,1140,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[136,235,1438,1462]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,933,1410]" captionTargetId="figure-362@11.[151,1435,928,1415]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Individual count of Gastrodia munasinghae and G. thilakapremae in their respective habitat since 2005." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10084601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10084601/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Two other subpopulations were found in 2020 from Galwangediya area, Eratne–Sri Pada trail and Mahagalthalawa, Moray Estate–Sri Pada trail in Samanala Nature Reserve and both of sites were revisited in 2022. The subpopulation in Galwangediya area, Eratne–Sri Pada trail consisted of 11 mature plants in 2020 and 
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2022. Mahagalthalawa subpopulation is the smallest among all with 4 individuals in 2020 and 
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the following visit in 2022. The habitats of this species in Sri Pada are also threatened due to the clearance of banks and roadsides during the pilgrim season. The population of Kondagala in Loolkandura Estate is faintly protected with a good forest cover but, not safe at all with the human interactions. There is an inferred threat of decline in the quality of habitat. Hence, three sites are considered as three locations. This species may remain dormant with underground tubers, and hence, an optimistic estimate of less than 50 mature individuals has been inferred. The Area of Occupancy (AOO) and the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) were 
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and ~ 
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respectively according to GeoCAT (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8999D84A01DD035D531F69FBC3FD16" author="Bachman, S. &amp; Moat, J. &amp; Hill, A. W. &amp; de la Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B." box="[791,1031,626,652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref6376" refString="Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A. W., de la Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V. &amp; Penev, L. (Eds.) e-Infastructure for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126. [Version BETA]" type="journal article" year="2011">
Bachman 
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035DCE1F68FC78FD16" box="[906,956,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Based on available information this species can be assessed as Critically Endangered (CR D) owing to extremely small population size following IUCN guidelines (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8999D84A01DD035F4E1FA1FE50FD4E" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Committee" box="[266,404,698,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" refId="ref7385" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 24 November 2022)." type="book" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C302B7A24A01DD035EF91FC6FBDCFCFE" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA7E4294A01DD035EF91FC6FBDCFCFE" blockId="11.[136,1452,157,869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035EF91FC6FE73FD62" bold="true" box="[189,439,733,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A01DD035FF21FC5FD1EFD62" authorityName="Atthanagoda, C. Bandara &amp; Kumar. Voucher" authorityYear="2023" box="[438,730,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thilakapremae">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035FF21FC5FD1EFD62" box="[438,730,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gastrodia thilakapremae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar with the group of species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A01DD035ECC1E19FD80FC86" authority="M. A. Clem &amp; D. L. Jones" authorityName="M. A. Clem &amp; D. L. Jones" box="[136,580,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Leptogastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035ECC1E19FEF6FC86" box="[136,306,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Leptogastrodia</emphasis>
M.A.Clem &amp; D.L.Jones
</taxonomicName>
(≡ 
<taxonomicName id="4C189FAA4A01DD035C2E1E19FD1FFC86" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[618,731,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96C383B4A01DD035C2E1E19FD1FFC86" box="[618,731,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gastrodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but differs from all other species by having 
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tall plant habit; 
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long, up to 
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wide, dull green color flowers with ovate to rhomboid, 
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long, 
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wide, orange color labellum and 
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long, fusiform capsules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>