130 lines
14 KiB
XML
130 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="DC4EF6CE82CF2563578CDC94EEDE1399" ID-CLB-Dataset="28082" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6462b796-ce0d-40ed-83ff-e69e9f290f8e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606326" ID-ZooBank="1B0BEDBC-9409-41D7-B752-81D9843BACAA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553584617957" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Somavilla, Alexandre, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz, Andena, Sergio Ricardo & Carpenter, James Michael" docDate="2018" docId="03A787E7FFFC9421B38D9FC9FC4BF99E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polistes (Epicnemius) billardieri Fabricius 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="323" masterDocId="FF9EFF9FFFEA9437B31A9C67FF8EFFEC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas for male genitalia of the New World Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae: Polistinae)" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1698712753970" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="89A18C8011AA70795023ED597ACDBED6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E5521EFD73D570E043D8683818AA7F6A">
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<mods:title id="9040E0AADF3404371742C53D712B729A">An illustrated atlas for male genitalia of the New World Polistes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae: Polistinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E15B738FB759DEE8FD05CCB03C221D5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4900CD44C5F74DB6C67A50A823295D5F">Somavilla, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E2D86D88864100E6D2B03178D682B20B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F84AE2BDAB95179B13F427291A8EE3D9">Oliveira, Marcio Luiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FA40CE96791100498B1B1239DD4F0C20">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E5887ED267996D576471E464952AC44A">Andena, Sergio Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4C1C8B91E9F0DB71B87D5697350CBAF9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F3E948DB8584493646BB7B61F7A4FB7D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D47CEC5FD8985DF2C7FB007E70789CB5">Carpenter, James Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="80F1040833496813A4CE4A0EB32A9E72">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6270CA41BE6502BDBFB2831A2D706AAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2F45292ABBFD193A7E41223B0643ADC7">
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<mods:date id="CCE264968380D4EEB346B557A579A843">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="40588B3C3950C705B0905F60E96D5C21">2018-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="46E715C9BC21613304ED1683ABCEE9D4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C0F2695CCF049B48722165D7F28C0ABE">4504</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5B9BA4DFF769B2FA14ECC1A0172AE650" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CA048ED76E5F70C18338F8F8CBFC7143">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="96B750D40A0B65C4AAA8C241D47DC029" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A787E7FFFC9421B38D9FC9FC4BF99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996094" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A787E7FFFC9421B38D9FC9FC4BF99E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787E7FFFC9421B38D9FC9FC4BF99E" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="C314657AFFFC9421B38D9FC9FE9CFA52" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFC9421B38D9FC9FD12FC24" blockId="22.[151,668,942,968]" box="[151,668,942,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="D0F9819DFFFC9421B38D9FC9FD12FC24" bold="true" box="[151,668,942,968]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B38D9FC9FD12FC24" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,668,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billardieri" subGenus="Epicnemius">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B38D9FC9FD12FC24" bold="true" box="[151,668,942,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B38D9FC9FF7AFC24" bold="true" box="[151,244,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Polistes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B21E9FC9FE1DFC24" bold="true" box="[260,403,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Epicnemius</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B2BF9FC9FD93FC24" bold="true" box="[421,541,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">billardieri</emphasis>
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Fabricius
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFC9421B38D9F92FE9CFA52" blockId="22.[151,1437,1013,1650]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B38D9F92FE18FBE2" bold="true" box="[151,406,1013,1038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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Paramere (
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<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFC9421B2069F92FE06FBE2" box="[284,392,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[249,1386,524,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[188,1398,519,1171]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) billardieri—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606378/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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(1) about three times longer than wide at the middle; (2) lateral groove deep; (3) parameral spine very robust and long (about 1/6 the total length of paramere), pointed apically with long and dense bristles; (4) paramere lobe developed and widely rounded; (5) inferior portion of paramere narrow, about half the width at the middle portion.
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B2989806FD22FB96" bold="true" box="[386,684,1121,1146]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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Aedeagus (
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<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFC9421B1139806FD13FB96" box="[521,669,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[249,1386,524,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[188,1398,519,1171]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) billardieri—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606378/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 24B, C</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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slender; (1) apical portion with fine and serrated denticulation, extended the apex of the apical portion to the median expansion, lateral margin straight; (2) penis valve weakly dilated and with a slight central entrance (about 1/3 of the total length of apical portion); (3) median expansion widely developed, rounded apex; (4) lateral apodeme directed forward and shorter than the ventral process, (5) ventral process rounded and expanded in apex; (6) inferior portion of aedeagus curved, in lateral view.
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B65C9896FE96FAC2" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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Digitus (
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<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFC9421B3859972FE84FAC2" box="[159,266,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[249,1386,524,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[188,1398,519,1171]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) billardieri—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606378/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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slender; (1) apical process developed, about twice longer than the digitus base, weakly expanded at the apex, (2) apex pointed; (3) anteroventral lobe short and rounded apically; (4) punctation larger on the side of the base; (5) short and sparse bristles.
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B138993AFD72FA9A" bold="true" box="[546,764,1373,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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Cuspis (
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<figureCitation id="13352A74FFFC9421B199993AFD60FA9A" box="[643,750,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[249,1386,524,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[188,1398,519,1171]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Polistes (Epicnemius) billardieri—A= paramere, lateral view; B= aedeagus, ventral view; C= aedeagus, lateral view; D= digitus, lateral view; E= cuspis, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606378/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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slender; (1) apex pointed and tapering abruptly to the end; (1) very long and dense bristles on cuspis; (3) punctation restricted on the lateral lobe; (4) lower part widely developed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314657AFFFC9421B3DD99AEFC4BF99E" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB136F1FFFC9421B3DD99AEFC4BF99E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1013,1650]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B3DD99AEFEB5FA0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1481,1506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Remarks.</emphasis>
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In
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B00FFFC9421B27E99AEFD1FFA0E" author="Richards, O. W." box="[356,657,1481,1506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refId="ref24573" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas (excluding the Uespinae). British Museum of Natural History, London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978: 538–540)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B18499ADFCA0FA0D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[670,814,1481,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billardieri">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B18499ADFCA0FA0D" box="[670,814,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">P. billardieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was divided into three subspecies (
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B7D299AEFE9EF9E9" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B7D299AEFE82F9E9" authority="billardieri" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="billardieri" subSpecies="billardieri">Polistes billardieri billardieri</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B202998AFD45F9EA" authority="Ducke" authorityName="Ducke" authorityYear="1904" box="[280,715,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="billardieri" subSpecies="biglumoides">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B202998AFDF5F9E9" box="[280,635,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Polistes billardieri biglumoides</emphasis>
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Ducke
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D72FFFC9421B019998AFB50F9EA" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[771,1246,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="billardieri" subSpecies="ruficornis">
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<emphasis id="B97AEAE3FFFC9421B019998AFBC5F9E9" box="[771,1099,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Polistes billardieri ruficornis</emphasis>
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de Saussure
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</taxonomicName>
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). He commented (pp. 538–539) that the denticulation was “small, acute” with 23–26 teeth, distal expansion not large on aedeagus, cuspis with a large projection and digitus with hairs long and extending almost whole length which is different from our description. Unfortunately, Richards did not draw the genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |