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<document id="4CD29434449090714D30FA6EEB564A1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="46085" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3784.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9198978a-c098-4cba-94ef-97d747895d6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228652" ID-ZooBank="209DF328-B6EE-45DC-88E2-412C5E7D514F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460404823925" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Viraktamath, C. A. &amp; Webb, M. D." docDate="2014" docId="03A75F4CFFB4C050868CFF70BCEAFC13" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03784p538.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3784 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nicolaus bihamatus Xing &amp; Li" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="534" masterDocId="FF9E2734FFB1C056861BFFE7BF6FFFFE" masterDocTitle="Four new species of the grass feeding leafhopper genus Nicolaus Lindberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="538" masterPageNumber="528" pageNumber="533" updateTime="1698299640635" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F1BC210D5F04C7B5589644188E416802" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="F491918E61391B973A5E19FE7EE7F151">Four new species of the grass feeding leafhopper genus Nicolaus Lindberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E00EA4A41133AF985C248A463AACC5FB">Viraktamath, C. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E973F00166AB8D6F23240261932469C3">Webb, M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40721721B76ECA8CA3A52A05F6964E9E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="1449C13A3772D0F3D7CF1E1CF6B9B70A">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF33678EC8887F43D514995E2AD436C1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5DEC1227E52EC842D78109ECF35D0FE4">3784</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1FCC271CC879D8D3105DE13907003F63">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="13C6007EE30383DEEA2BAE0B20595961" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3784.5.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A75F4CFFB4C050868CFF70BCEAFC13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A75F4CFFB4C050868CFF70BCEAFC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A75F4CFFB4C050868CFF70BCEAFC13" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<subSubSection id="C314BDD1FFB4C053868CFF70BEAEFF2D" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB4C053868CFF70BD60FF4C" blockId="5.[151,527,151,211]" box="[151,527,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<heading id="D0F95936FFB4C053868CFF70BD60FF4C" bold="true" box="[151,527,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB4C053868CFF70BD60FF4C" ID-CoL="8RM8C" authority="Xing &amp; Li" authorityName="Xing &amp; Li" box="[151,527,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bihamatus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C053868CFF70BD60FF4C" bold="true" box="[151,527,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C053868CFF70BEE6FF4F" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">Nicolaus bihamatus</emphasis>
Xing &amp; Li
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB4C053868CFF5DBEAEFF2D" blockId="5.[151,527,151,211]" box="[151,449,186,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
(
<figureCitation id="1335F2DFFFB4C0538684FF5DBF8BFF2D" box="[159,228,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,206,1552]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[235,1353,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Species of Nicolaus. 1 &amp; 2. N. abuensis sp. nov., female; 3 &amp; 4. N. bidentatus sp. nov., male; 5 &amp; 6. N. cornutus sp. nov., male; 7 – 10. Nicolaus bihamatus Xing &amp; Li: 7 &amp; 8. Female from Mudigere; 9 &amp; 10. Male from Shillong." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228653/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">Figs 5</figureCitation>
–10, 28–40, 65–68)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314BDD1FFB4C050868CFEE4BEFCFF2B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB4C053868CFEE4BC68FEE6" blockId="5.[151,775,258,280]" box="[151,775,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1EC974FFB4C053868CFEE4BC68FEE6" box="[151,775,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB4C053868CFEE4BD53FEE6" ID-CoL="8RM8C" authority="Xing &amp; Li 2011: 148" authorityName="Xing &amp; Li" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,572,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bihamatus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C053868CFEE4BE0EFEE6" box="[151,353,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">Nicolaus bihamatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAFC84BFFB4C053877CFEE5BD53FEE6" author="Xing" box="[359,572,258,280]" page="148" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F93ABFFB4C053877CFEE5BD63FEE6" author="Xing" box="[359,524,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" refString="Xing, J. - C., Dai, R. - H. &amp; Li, Z. - Z. (2011) Deltocephalinae from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Popular Science Press, Beijing, China, 336 pp." type="book" year="2011">Xing &amp; Li 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 148
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–149, figs 139: 1–5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF71BED2FFB4C053868CF91BBCEDF873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" targetBox="[236,1361,346,1752]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB4C053868CF91BBCEDF873" blockId="5.[151,1436,1788,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C053868CF91BBE3AF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,341,1788,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">FIGURES 28–40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB4C0538747F91ABDF2F8EC" ID-CoL="8RM8C" authority="Xing &amp; Li" authorityName="Xing &amp; Li" box="[348,669,1788,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bihamatus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C0538747F91ABD49F8EC" box="[348,550,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">Nicolaus bihamatus</emphasis>
Xing &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
: 28. Head and thorax; 29. Face; 30. Male pygofer, lateral view (India); 31. Caudal region of pygofer, lateral view (India); 32 &amp; 33. Variation in caudal region of pygofer, lateral view (Pakistan); 34. Connective, style, valve and subgenital plate, dorsal view (India); 35. Connective and aedeagus, ventroposterior view (India); 36 &amp; 37. Lateral &amp; latero-ventral views of aedeagus (India); 38 &amp; 39. Variations in the distal apices of preatrial processes (Pakistan); 40. Female seventh sternite, mutilated along the hatched lines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB4C053868CF853BD94F80F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">
Coloration similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB4C053878FF852BD73F832" ID-CoL="8RM8D" box="[404,540,1973,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB4C053878FF852BD73F832" box="[404,540,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="533">N. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but crown of head with submarginal brown stripe each side of median line anteriorly and tiny spot on gena adjacent lorum, black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFF70BEFCFF2B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Head slightly longer than median length of pronotum. Pronotum about as long as combined median length of scutum and scutellum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314BDD1FFB7C05086DCFF07BAFEFDE6" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFF07BE6DFE76" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05086DCFF07BE1AFF06" box="[199,373,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Pygofer caudoventrally rounded with internal tooth-like short process. Subgenital plate with emargination on lateral margin near apex. Style with prominent subapaical lobe, apophysis slender, strongly laterally curved. Aedeagus with shaft membranous except for a narrow dorsal sclerotized rod; preatrial processes bladelike, with ventral margin convexly expanded subapically and apically abruptly broadened with two ventral denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFE73BA5BFE0B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05086DCFE73BEE6FE52" box="[199,393,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Female genitalia</emphasis>
. Seventh sternite three times as wide at base as long medially, posterior margin medially slightly produced with median short incision. First pair of valvulae tapered gradually near apex. Teeth on the second pair of valvulae in distal half close together, distance between them less than length of each tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFDE6BAFEFDE6" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" box="[199,1425,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05086DCFDE6BE1EFDE6" box="[199,369,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Measurements.</emphasis>
Male
<quantity id="4CF643BFFFB7C05087A3FE18BD61FDE9" box="[440,526,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF643BFFFB7C050844FFDE7BDC5FDE9" box="[596,682,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
wide across eyes. Female
<quantity id="4CF643BFFFB7C05085CFFE18BB45FDE9" box="[980,1066,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF643BFFFB7C050826BFDE7BBA9FDE9" box="[1136,1222,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
wide across eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314BDD1FFB7C05086DCFDC3BE92FD56" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFDC3BE92FD56" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05086DCFDC3BEC8FDC2" box="[199,423,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F319AECAFFB7C05087A9FDC3BD69FDC2" box="[434,518,548,572]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka:
<specimenCount id="9D0825D3FFB7C0508480FDC3BDA3FDC2" box="[667,716,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Biligirirangana Hills,
<quantity id="4CF643BFFFB7C05085C0FDC3BB5AFDC2" box="[987,1077,548,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB0C89AFFB7C050825EFDC3BBAFFDC3" box="[1093,1216,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" value="1977-08-09">9.viii.1977</date>
, C.A. Viraktamath (
<collectionCode id="ED1F769FFFB7C0508684FDAFBF92FD9E" box="[159,253,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D0825D3FFB7C0508711FDAFBE58FDA1" box="[266,311,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Gonibidu,
<date id="FFB0C89AFFB7C05087D1FDA0BD59FD9E" box="[458,566,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" value="1983-01-28">28.i.1983</date>
, Shashidhar; 1♀, Mudigere, RRS,
<date id="FFB0C89AFFB7C05085C4FDA0BB25FD9E" box="[991,1098,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" value="1975-04-07">7.iv.1975</date>
, C.A. Viraktamath (
<collectionCode id="ED1F769FFFB7C050835BFDAFBAFEFD9E" box="[1344,1425,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yr7i-jnjm" name="University of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">UASB</collectionCode>
). Meghalaya:
<specimenCount id="9D0825D3FFB7C050873EFD8BBE3BFD7A" box="[293,340,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Shillong: Umiam,
<date id="FFB0C89AFFB7C0508422FD8BBDC4FD7B" box="[569,683,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" value="2013-10-25">25.x.2013</date>
, C.A. Viraktamath (
<collectionCode id="ED1F769FFFB7C050858DFD8BBC88FD7A" box="[918,999,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yr7i-jnjm" name="University of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">UASB</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCountry id="F319AECAFFB7C05085E7FD8BBBE9FD7A" box="[1020,1158,620,644]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D0825D3FFB7C050828FFD8BBBACFD7A" box="[1172,1219,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, Punjab,
<date id="FFB0C89AFFB7C050832AFD8BBAF8FD7B" box="[1329,1431,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" value="1985-08">viii.1985</date>
, C.W. &amp; L.B. O’Brien (
<collectionCode id="ED1F769FFFB7C050878CFD77BE9EFD56" box="[407,497,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C314BDD1FFB7C05086DCFD53BCEAFC13" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFD53BFBAFCEB" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05086DCFD53BE54FD33" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a new record of the species from the Indian subcontinent. This species forms a group with
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB7C0508399FD52BE3DFD0E" authority="Stiller" authorityName="Stiller" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaffectus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C0508399FD52BAFAFD32" box="[1410,1429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C050868CFD3FBE6BFD0E" box="[151,260,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">inaffectus</emphasis>
Stiller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB7C0508746FD3EBD2BFD0E" authority="Stiller" authorityName="Stiller" box="[349,580,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trispinatus">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C0508746FD3EBE1FFD0E" box="[349,368,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C0508765FD3FBE99FD11" box="[382,502,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">trispinatus</emphasis>
Stiller
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0E95D9FFB7C050849BFD3EBD91FD0E" box="[640,766,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nicolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C050849BFD3EBDFCFD0E" box="[640,659,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C05084B9FD3EBD91FD0E" box="[674,766,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2498F33FFB7C050851EFD30BC30FD0E" box="[773,863,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97A3248FFB7C050851EFD30BC30FD0E" bold="true" box="[773,863,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having a partially sclerotized elongate aedeagal shaft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB1EE5AFFB7C05086DCFCF8BCEAFC13" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">
The species shows variation in the shape of the head among the specimens from Shillong and Karnataka. Both male and female from Karnataka have a longer and more pointed crown (
<figureCitation id="1335F2DFFFB7C05085CEFCA3BB7EFCA3" box="[981,1041,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,206,1552]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[235,1353,193,1563]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Species of Nicolaus. 1 &amp; 2. N. abuensis sp. nov., female; 3 &amp; 4. N. bidentatus sp. nov., male; 5 &amp; 6. N. cornutus sp. nov., male; 7 – 10. Nicolaus bihamatus Xing &amp; Li: 7 &amp; 8. Female from Mudigere; 9 &amp; 10. Male from Shillong." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228653/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Fig.7</figureCitation>
) than the male from Shillong (Fig. 9). The specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F319AECAFFB7C05087B3FC80BE8DFC7E" box="[424,482,871,896]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F319AECAFFB7C0508402FC80BD17FC7E" box="[537,632,871,896]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
also show some variation in the structure of male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1335F2DFFFB7C0508306FC80BE7DFC5A" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 40" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[236,1361,346,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[225,1362,330,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 40. Nicolaus bihamatus Xing &amp; Li: 28. Head and thorax; 29. Face; 30. Male pygofer, lateral view (India); 31. Caudal region of pygofer, lateral view (India); 32 &amp; 33. Variation in caudal region of pygofer, lateral view (Pakistan); 34. Connective, style, valve and subgenital plate, dorsal view (India); 35. Connective and aedeagus, ventroposterior view (India); 36 &amp; 37. Lateral &amp; latero-ventral views of aedeagus (India); 38 &amp; 39. Variations in the distal apices of preatrial processes (Pakistan); 40. Female seventh sternite, mutilated along the hatched lines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228656/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">Figs 31–33 and 38–39</figureCitation>
) and differ from typical specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F319AECAFFB7C05084E5FC6BBC2EFC5B" box="[766,833,908,933]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="534">China</collectingCountry>
in the pygofer processes being internal rather than external, the slightly broader aedeagal shaft in ventral view and in the shape of the distal part of the preatrial processes. Therefore, identification of these specimens is tentative.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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