314 lines
39 KiB
XML
314 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AD6D2E749238A01C3DC4D4442FE832F8">A Revision Of The Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosops, Part 1. Species Of The Subgenus Sciophanes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCBD7A327291A182FBBE88B67B23FC7E">Díaz-Nieto, Juan F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FA8F84E218A9AFD9CAFCCCC948D758D">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BE6EEF1FD8B4B59DEDB6D0DCAC96F866">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A689729830FFFB057474A3D67AFA3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630917" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180670569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A689729830FFFB057474A3D67AFA3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A689729830FFFB057474A3D67AFA3F" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C3156BEF9830FFF5057474A3D6D7FA50" box="[779,1188,1470,1495]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB038649830FFF5057474A3D6D7FA50" blockId="39.[779,1188,1470,1495]" box="[779,1188,1470,1495]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0F88F089830FFF5057474A3D6D7FA50" box="[779,1188,1470,1495]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79830FFF5057474A3D6D7FA50" ID-CoL="3Y83V" authority="(Goldman, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Goldman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[779,1188,1470,1495]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE4769830FFF5057474A3D192FA51" box="[779,993,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Marmosops invictus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959830FFF5058F74A2D6EEFA50" author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1008,1181,1470,1495]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref36693" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1912. New mammals from eastern Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1912">Goldman, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156BEF9830FFF5050A74F3D648F98F" box="[885,1083,1519,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB038649830FFF5050A74F3D648F98F" blockId="39.[720,1225,1519,1759]" box="[885,1083,1519,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<figureCitation id="133424E19830FFF5050A74F3D19DF98F" box="[885,1006,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[144,185,910,931]" captionTargetBox="[144,1248,249,884]" captionTargetId="figure-387@8.[144,1248,248,884]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. Dorsal views of the rostrum of Marmosops invictus (A, USNM 306386) and M. fuscatus (B, FMNH 22174), illustrating taxonomic differences in nasal width. Abbreviations: fro, frontal; max, maxillary; nas, nasal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612626/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figures 4A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133424E19830FFF5058574ECD665F98F" box="[1018,1046,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[144,186,1730,1751]" captionTargetBox="[205,1187,248,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-9@38.[205,1187,248,1703]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. Dorsal and ventral views of skulls of Marmosops handleyi (left, CTUA 411) and M. invictus (right, USNM 337962). All views about ×3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612668/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133424E19830FFF5025E74ECD648F98F" box="[1057,1083,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[144,186,1392,1413]" captionTargetBox="[308,1085,248,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-107@39.[308,1085,248,1364]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 19. Lateral views of skulls and mandibles of Marmosops handleyi (above, CTUA 411) and M. invictus (below, USNM 337962). All views about ×3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612670/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3156BEF9830FFF504AF7701D6EFF958" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB038649830FFF504AF7701D1FAF9D1" blockId="39.[720,1225,1519,1759]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1F4A9830FFF504AF7701D1FAF9D1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE1E759830FFF504AF7701D639F9B3" author="Goldman, E. A." box="[720,1098,1564,1588]" page="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79830FFF504AF7701D639F9B3" authority="Goldman, 1912: 3" authorityName="Goldman" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1912" box="[720,1098,1564,1588]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invicta">
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<emphasis id="B97BE4769830FFF504AF7701D1F0F9B3" box="[720,899,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Marmosa invicta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959830FFF505F57700D639F9B3" author="Goldman, E. A." box="[906,1098,1564,1588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref36693" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1912. New mammals from eastern Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 60: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1912">Goldman, 1912: 3</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(original description).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB038649830FFF504AF777CD662F91C" blockId="39.[720,1225,1519,1759]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1F4A9830FFF504AF777CD662F91C" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE1E759830FFF504AF777CD155F91C" author="Matschie, P." page="270" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1916">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79830FFF504AF777CD155F91C" authority=": Matschie, 1916: 270" authorityName="Matschie" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Didelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invicta" subGenus="Marmosops">
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<emphasis id="B97BE4769830FFF504AF777CD667F9FF" box="[720,1044,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Didelphis (Marmosops) invicta</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959830FFF5025E777CD155F91C" author="Matschie, P." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref37917" refString="Matschie, P. 1916. Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Didelphis L. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin 1916: 259 - 272." type="journal article" year="1916">Matschie, 1916: 270</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(name combination).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB038649830FFF504AF77BAD6EFF958" blockId="39.[720,1225,1519,1759]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1F4A9830FFF504AF77BAD6EFF958" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE1E759830FFF504AF77BAD13DF958" author="Gardner, A. L. & G. K. Creighton" page="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1989">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E79830FFF504AF77BAD13DF958" ID-CoL="3Y83V" authority=": Gardner and Creighton 1989: 4" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
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<emphasis id="B97BE4769830FFF504AF77BAD1DAF93A" box="[720,937,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Marmosops invictus:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E45959830FFF505CF77B9D13DF958" author="Gardner, A. L. & G. K. Creighton" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref36576" refString="Gardner, A. L., and G. K. Creighton. 1989. A new generic name for Tate's (1933) microtarsus group of South American mouse opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 102: 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1989">Gardner and Creighton 1989: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(first use of current binomial).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF7068EC983FFFFA06EE72FBD1BBFBB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612674/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[145,187,999,1020]" targetBox="[144,1248,248,972]" targetPageId="40">
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<paragraph id="8BB03864983FFFFA06EE72FBD1BBFBB0" blockId="40.[144,1248,997,1080]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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FIG. 20. Collecting localities of examined specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA04AC72FAD1D6FC7A" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[723,933,997,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="handleyi">
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<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA04AC72FAD1D6FC7A" box="[723,933,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Marmosops handleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA05A472FAD63EFC7A" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[987,1101,998,1021]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA05A472FAD63EFC7A" box="[987,1101,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. invictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Numbers are keyed to entries in the gazetteer (appendix 1). Progressively darker shading indicates higher elevations: pale gray ≥500 m, medium gray ≥1000 m, dark gray ≥2000 m, darkest gray ≥3000 m.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF983FFFFA06CF754ED071FAD6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983FFFFA06CF754ED071FAD6" blockId="40.[144,673,1106,1758]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673239983FFFFA06CF754ED38EFAD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059923302" collectingDate="1912-03-14" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="E. A. Goldman" country="Panama" location="Darien province" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCode="USNM 178708, USNM 178709" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Darien" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED1EA0A1983FFFFA06CF754ED317FBED" box="[176,356,1106,1130]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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||
: The
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||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983FFFFA07D4754ED07FFBED" box="[427,524,1106,1130]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(by original designation) consists of the skin and skull of an adult male (
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||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983FFFFA075E7588D3A1FB2B" box="[289,466,1172,1196]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">USNM 178708</specimenCode>
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||
; original number 21517) collected by
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||
<collectorName id="26FA5DB2983FFFFA070F75A9D07DFB4A" box="[368,526,1205,1229]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E.A. Goldman</collectorName>
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||
at Cana (fig. 20: locality 57), in
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<collectingRegion id="49CBF686983FFFFA072175CAD060FB69" box="[350,531,1238,1262]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Darién province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983FFFFA046075CAD00BFB6A" box="[543,632,1238,1261]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
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||
, on
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||
<date id="FFB11EA4983FFFFA06EF75EBD336FA88" box="[144,325,1271,1295]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1912-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF5E74C983FFFFA06EF75EBD336FA88" box="[144,325,1271,1295]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1912-03-14">14 March 1912</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
. In addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983FFFFA044775EBD0EFFA88" box="[568,668,1271,1295]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Goldman’s original material included an adult female
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||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983FFFFA06A07426D34DFAD5" box="[223,318,1338,1362]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983FFFFA07327425D385FAD6" box="[333,502,1337,1361]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">USNM 178709</specimenCode>
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||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF983FFFFA06CF7446D643FA52" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983FFFFA06CF7446D643FA52" blockId="40.[144,673,1106,1758]" lastBlockId="40.[720,1249,1106,1758]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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||
DISTRIBUTION, HABITATS, AND SYMPATRY: Examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA07E07460D005FA14" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[415,630,1404,1427]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA07E07460D005FA14" box="[415,630,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Marmosops invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are all from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983FFFFA072D7481D3D9FA33" box="[338,426,1437,1460]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
with recorded elevations between 600 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983FFFFA07E574A1D39DFA52" box="[410,494,1469,1493]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level (fig. 20).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983FFFFA068874C2D3D6FA71" author="Handley, C. O., Jr." box="[247,421,1502,1526]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="753 - 795" refId="ref36884" refString="Handley, C. O., Jr. 1966. Checklist of the mammals of Panama. In R. L. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton (editors), Ectoparasites of Panama: 753 - 795. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History." type="book chapter" year="1966">Handley (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who may have examined more material than we have seen, gave the elevational range as ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983FFFFA07B3773CD010F9BF" box="[460,611,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="825.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="450.0">450–1200 m</quantity>
|
||
and remarked that the species might occur throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983FFFFA06BF777FD36BF9FD" box="[192,280,1635,1658]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
in suitable habitat. Although the lower elevations at which this species occurs would support lowland rain forest in Amazonia, humid forests of distinctly montane character (e.g., those at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983FFFFA05E7754ED1B4FBED" box="[920,967,1106,1130]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983FFFFA0250754ED6AEFBED" author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1071,1245,1106,1130]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref36716" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1920. Mammals of Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 69 (5): 1 - 309, folding map." type="journal article" year="1920">Goldman, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 1, 2) can be found well below
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983FFFFA023B756FD6E7FB0D" box="[1092,1172,1139,1163]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
on the low mountains and foothills of Central America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983FFFFA04A775A9D118FB4A" author="Myers, C. W." box="[728,875,1205,1229]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref38113" refString="Myers, C. W. 1969. The ecological geography of cloud forest in Panama. American Museum Novitates 2396: 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1969">Myers, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Premontane rain forest seems likely to be the usual habitat of this species, which is not known to occur sympatrically with any other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA021C7404D6A9FAB7" box="[1123,1242,1304,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sciophanes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA021C7404D6A9FAB7" box="[1123,1242,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sciophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA05407426D1DDFAD6" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[831,942,1338,1361]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA05407426D1DDFAD6" box="[831,942,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. caucae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a member of the nominotypical subgenus, occurs at elevations>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983FFFFA020C7446D6B7FAF5" box="[1139,1220,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF686983FFFFA04847467D134FA14" box="[763,839,1403,1427]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Darién</collectingRegion>
|
||
highlands of eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983FFFFA02477460D6FCFA14" box="[1080,1167,1404,1427]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Loma Cana and Cerro Pirre) and probably coexists with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983FFFFA057774A2D1F2FA52" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[776,897,1470,1493]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983FFFFA057774A2D1F2FA52" box="[776,897,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">M. invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in some places.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF983FFFFB048F74C3D0EFFA5E" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983FFFFB048F74C3D3D5FDBC" blockId="40.[720,1249,1106,1758]" lastBlockId="41.[144,673,250,1762]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: Dorsal body pelage uniformly dark grayish brown to blackish gray (near Bone Brown to Blackish Brown)—not appreciably paler laterally—and only about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983FFFFA0251775ED6FFF9DE" box="[1070,1164,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long at midback; ventral fur silvery gray (the hairs with dark-gray bases and whitish tips) over throat, chest, and abdomen (only the chin, oral margins, and groin have self-white fur). Manus with dark fur over all or part of metacarpals (contrasting in color with whitish digits); lateral carpal tubercles bladelike. Mammae 3–1–3 =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79581983EFFFB07A47020D074FED3" box="[475,519,316,340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
all examined females with visible teats. Tail longer than combined length of head and body (mean LT/HBL × 100 = 122%); dorsal caudal surface dark gray from base to tip; ventral caudal surface indistinctly paler in some specimens (e.g., USNM 306386), almost as dark as dorsal surface in others (e.g., USNM 309265).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB06CF7358D3FBFC20" blockId="41.[144,673,250,1762]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nasal bones long (extending well behind the lacrimals in most specimens) and much wider posteriorly than anteriorly (laterally expanded at the maxillary-frontal suture). Lacrimal foramina concealed from lateral view inside anterior orbital margin; zygomatic process of squamosal broadly overlapped dorsally by the jugal. Palatine fenestrae absent (but some specimens have minute palatine perforations on one or both sides). Dorsolateral margin of ethmoid foramen formed by the orbitosphenoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB06CF72ADD38AFAF2" blockId="41.[144,673,250,1762]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Upper canine (C1) short, usually with posterior accessory cusps in male and female specimens (two females—USNM 178709, 306386—have indistinct anterior accessory C1 cusps, and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983EFFFB07477528D3E4FBCB" box="[312,407,1076,1100]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
completely lacks accessory cusps). Upper third molar (M3) anterolabial cingulum narrowly continuous with preprotocrista (anterior cingulum complete). Lower canine (c1) premolariform (procumbent, with posterior accessory cusp) and small, subequal in height to p1; c1 anterolingual accessory cusp usually present. Entoconid of m1 subequal in height to adjacent m2 paraconid; unworn m4 talonid with three distinct cusps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB06CF7463D0EFFA5E" blockId="41.[144,673,250,1762]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
COMPARISONS: Comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB045D749CD296FA3F" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB045D749CD296FA3F" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Marmosops invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other members of the Fuscatus Group have already been described (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3156BEF983EFFFB06CF74FED67AFA3F" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB06CF74FED622FEB4" blockId="41.[144,673,250,1762]" lastBlockId="41.[720,1249,250,1464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
REMARKS: All of the material we examined for this revision was collected>50 years ago, and we are not aware of any recently collected specimens. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983EFFFB0721775AD0D3F9DA" author="Mangan, S. A. & G. H. Adler" box="[350,672,1605,1630]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="563 - 570" refId="ref37875" refString="Mangan, S. A., and G. H. Adler. 2000. Consumption of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by terrestrial and arboreal small mammals in a Panamanian cloud forest. Journal of Mammalogy 81: 563 - 570." type="journal article" year="2000">Mangan and Adler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported trapping
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB0715777BD03FF9F9" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[362,588,1639,1662]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB0715777BD03FF9F9" box="[362,588,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Marmosops invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the course of an ecological study in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983EFFFB043C7794D0EFF918" box="[579,668,1672,1695]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, well outside the specimen-documented range of this species. In the absence of voucher material, the identity of the animals they trapped and released remains to be determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB048F7020D637FB75" blockId="41.[720,1249,250,1464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
In a recent discussion of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding results,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983EFFFB021E7041D693FEF2" author="Lim, B. K." box="[1121,1248,349,373]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="10 - 17" refId="ref37498" refString="Lim, B. K. 2012. Preliminary assessment of Neotropical mammal DNA barcodes: an underestimation of biodiversity. Open Zoology Journal 5 (suppl. 1 - M 3): 10 - 17." type="journal article" year="2012">Lim (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB058C7063D6B7FE11" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1011,1220,383,406]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB058C7063D6B7FE11" box="[1011,1220,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Marmosops invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983EFFFB04AF70BCD15BFE30" box="[720,808,416,439]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983EFFFB05107083D1BEFE30" box="[879,973,415,439]" name="Ecuador" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the specimens he sequenced (ROM 116281, 118844, and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945CA587983EFFFB020770DCD6BBFE5F" box="[1144,1224,448,472]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F41897" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="EnaNcbi">F41897</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
<superScript id="7C7A952C983EFFFB02B070A1D693FE49" attach="none" box="[1231,1248,445,462]" fontSize="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">10</superScript>
|
||
appear to have been misidentified. We examined the Panamanian specimen (ROM 116281), which consists of a skin and skull with all the diagnostic attributes of the nominotypical subgenus, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB04AF7379D130FDFA" box="[720,835,613,637]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sciophanes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB04AF7379D130FDFA" box="[720,835,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sciophanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, its teeth are larger than those of any measured specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB0219739BD6ACFD19" authorityName=": Gardner and Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1126,1247,647,670]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="invictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB0219739BD6ACFD19" box="[1126,1247,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. invictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., LM = 6.8 mm versus 6.0–6.5 mm), its ventral pelage includes a median streak of self-white fur, and it has well-developed palatine fenestrae. In these and other traits ROM 116281 resembles numerous specimens of a widespread species (or species complex) for which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB058B7252D62EFCE2" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1012,1117,846,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB058B7252D62EFCE2" box="[1012,1117,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. caucae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the oldest available name, and the cytochrome-
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB02187272D607FC01" box="[1127,1140,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequence that we (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983EFFFB054F7293D646FC20" author="Diaz-Nieto, J. F. & S. A. Jansa & R. S. Voss" box="[816,1077,911,935]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="914 - 940" refId="ref36051" refString="Diaz-Nieto, J. F., S. A. Jansa, and R. S. Voss. 2016 a. DNA sequencing reveals unexpected Recent diversity and an ancient dichotomy in the American marsupial genus Marmosops (Didelphidae: Thylamyini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 914 - 940." type="journal article" year="2016">Díaz-Nieto et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) obtained from ROM 116281 also unequivocally associates this specimen with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB05DB72CED661FC6E" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[932,1042,978,1001]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB05DB72CED661FC6E" box="[932,1042,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. caucae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. The two Ecuadorean specimens (ROM 118844,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945CA587983EFFFB02F872EED6AAFB8D" box="[1159,1241,1010,1034]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/F41897" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="EnaNcbi">F41897</accessionNumber>
|
||
) cannot be found at present (Jacqueline Miller, personal commun.), but as their COI barcodes clustered with the barcode obtained from ROM 116281, it seems likely that they are also members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F43E7983EFFFB05647584D1F9FB28" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[795,906,1176,1199]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB05647584D1F9FB28" box="[795,906,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">M. caucae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, which is abundantly represented among other sequenced Ecuadorean material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4595983EFFFB054975C6D64AFB75" author="Diaz-Nieto, J. F. & S. A. Jansa & R. S. Voss" box="[822,1081,1242,1266]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="914 - 940" refId="ref36051" refString="Diaz-Nieto, J. F., S. A. Jansa, and R. S. Voss. 2016 a. DNA sequencing reveals unexpected Recent diversity and an ancient dichotomy in the American marsupial genus Marmosops (Didelphidae: Thylamyini). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 914 - 940." type="journal article" year="2016">Díaz-Nieto et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB03864983EFFFB048F75E7D67AFA3F" blockId="41.[720,1249,250,1464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673239983EFFFB048F75E7D60BFA10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059923317" collectionCode="USNM" location="Cana" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="USNM 178708, USNM 337959-337962, USNM 309265, USNM 309266, 309267" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Darien" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB058275E7D663FA95" box="[1021,1040,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10):
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB021475E7D693FA94" bold="true" box="[1131,1248,1275,1299]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panama—</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB04AF7400D16CFAB4" box="[720,799,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CBF686983EFFFB04AF7400D168FAB4" box="[720,795,1308,1331]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Darién</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8ED06EBF983EFFFB055B7400D128FAB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A689729830FFFB057474A3D67AFA3F:8ED06EBF983EFFFB055B7400D128FAB3" box="[804,859,1308,1332]" name="Cana" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Darien">Cana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB05177400D675FAB3" box="[872,1030,1308,1332]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 178708</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B486C6983EFFFB026D7400D605FAB3" box="[1042,1142,1308,1332]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
], 178709), Cerro Tacarcuna (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB05F17421D6FEFAD2" box="[910,1165,1341,1365]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 337959–337962</specimenCode>
|
||
), Tacarcuna Casita Camp (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB05D07442D628FAF1" box="[943,1115,1374,1398]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 309265</specimenCode>
|
||
), Tacarcuna Laguna Camp (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB050C7463D664FA10" box="[883,1047,1407,1431]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 309266</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB025F7463D602FA10" box="[1056,1137,1407,1431]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">309267</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B673239983EFFFB02FD7463D677FA3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059923311" collectionCode="USNM" country="Panama" location="Cerro Azul" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="USNM 306386" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BE476983EFFFB02FD7463D692FA11" box="[1154,1249,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31878F4983EFFFB02FD7463D6AEFA11" box="[1154,1245,1407,1430]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8ED06EBF983EFFFB04AF74BCD13AFA3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A689729830FFFB057474A3D67AFA3F:8ED06EBF983EFFFB04AF74BCD13AFA3F" box="[720,841,1440,1464]" country="Panama" name="Cerro Azul" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cerro Azul</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA9901F983EFFFB052874BCD18DFA3F" box="[855,1022,1440,1464]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">USNM 306386</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |