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<document id="C5630E4666E3CE0CAA509D6E97F67486" ID-CLB-Dataset="24749" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0dcf616-a4ad-49d4-b35f-dd53a90c8ac7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3562574" ID-ZooBank="FD1478CC-463B-4CB9-B3A2-20C0CD047149" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575478570444" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wu, San-An &amp; Wang, Xubo" docDate="2019" docId="039D87FAFFECE52C65C6B9944F232FD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4701.6.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4701 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceroplastes japonicus Green 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="526" masterDocId="FFA4FF82FFE9E52A6551BD454C2A2B14" masterDocTitle="A review species of the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in China" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="520" pageNumber="525" updateTime="1698771221077" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="245F6DF0DDB0DC54C2AEA05B93EF9FB4">A review species of the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88C5FF3B72C4F5B0860C8E28A9A9F3CF">Wu, San-An</mods:namePart>
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<mods:classification id="743F30B42E0162ECDBE2237774BBEC36">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A1EE8FC3AF267B8931C17C4E86ACD9A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D87FAFFECE52C65C6B9944F232FD7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160618006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87FAFFECE52C65C6B9944F232FD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87FAFFECE52C65C6B9944F232FD7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFECE52F65C6B9944E152FFF" box="[151,575,1233,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFECE52F65C6B9944E152FFF" blockId="5.[151,575,1233,1295]" box="[151,575,1233,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<heading id="D0C38180FFECE52F65C6B9944E152FFF" bold="true" box="[151,575,1233,1260]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65C6B9944E152FFF" ID-CoL="5XMWB" authority="Green, 1921" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,575,1233,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6B9944E152FFF" bold="true" box="[151,575,1233,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6B9944D8A2FFF" bold="true" box="[151,416,1233,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Ceroplastes japonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F64F6B9944E152FFF" author="Green, E. E." box="[423,575,1233,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" pagination="257 - 259" refId="ref12066" refString="Green, E. E. (1921) Observations on British Coccidae: with descriptions of new species, VII. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 57, 257 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22330" type="journal article" year="1921">Green, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFECE52F65C6B9B04CC12E1B" box="[151,235,1268,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFECE52F65C6B9B04CC12E1B" blockId="5.[151,575,1233,1295]" box="[151,235,1268,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
(
<figureCitation id="130F2A69FFECE52F65F1B9B04CC82E1B" box="[160,226,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,309,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1434,309,1849]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Live appearances. (1) C. centroroseus Chen, on Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae), Yunnan, Kunming; (2) C. ceriferus (Fabricius), on Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae), Beijing; (3) C. cirripediformis Comstock, on Duranta repens cv. variegata (Verbenaceae), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna; (4) C. floridensis Comstock, on Cinnamomum japonicum (Lauraceae), Fujian, Yongan; (5) C. japonicus (Green), on Platanus acerifolia (Platanaceae), Beijing; (6) C. kunmingensis (Tang &amp; Xie), on Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae), Yunnan, Dali." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3562576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3562576/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFECE52F65C6B87C4E8A2E64" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFECE52F65C6B87C48622E45" blockId="5.[151,1096,1337,1392]" box="[151,1096,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2411C2FFECE52F65C6B87C48622E45" box="[151,1096,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65C6B87C4E4E2E45" ID-CoL="5XMWB" authority="Green, Tang, 1977: 94" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,612,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6B87C4D532E45" box="[151,377,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Ceroplastes japonicus</emphasis>
Green,
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510FDFFECE52F6498B87F4E4E2E45" author="Tang, F. T." box="[457,612,1337,1362]" page="94" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F6498B87F4E4E2E45" author="Tang, F. T." box="[457,612,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" refId="ref13477" refString="Tang, F. T. (1977) T he Scale Insects of Horticulture and Forest of China. Vol. 1. The Institute of Gardening-Forestry Science of Shenyang, Liaoning, 258 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1977">Tang, 1977: 94</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510FDFFECE52F673CB87F4F3D2E45" author="Yang, P. L." box="[621,791,1337,1362]" page="187" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F673CB87F4F3D2E45" author="Yang, P. L." box="[621,791,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" refId="ref14442" refString="Yang, P. L. (1982) General classification of scale insects in China. Shanghai Science &amp; Technology, Shanghai, 425 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1982">Yang, 1982: 187</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510FDFFECE52F6670B87F4FFA2E45" author="Wang, T. C." box="[801,976,1337,1362]" page="144" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F6670B87F4FFA2E45" author="Wang, T. C." box="[801,976,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" refId="ref13747" refString="Wang, T. C. (1994) Economic insect fauna of China (Vol. 43: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Cerococcidae, Aclerdidae). Science Press, Beijing, 302 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1994">Wang, 1994: 144</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510FDFFECE52F668AB87C486E2E45" author="Wang, T. C." box="[987,1092,1337,1361]" page="394" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F668AB87C486E2E45" author="Wang, T. C." box="[987,1092,1337,1361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" refId="ref13793" refString="Wang, T. C. (2001) Fauna Sinica (Insecta Vol. 22. Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Cerococcidae, Aclerdidae). Science Press, Beijing, 610 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2001">2001: 394</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFECE52F65C6B81C4E8A2E64" blockId="5.[151,1096,1337,1392]" box="[151,672,1368,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2411C2FFECE52F65C6B81C4E8A2E64" box="[151,672,1368,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65C6B81C4DC32E64" ID-CoL="75NH2" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[151,489,1368,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6B81C4DB82E64" box="[151,402,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Paracerostegia japonica</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9510FDFFECE52F64A2B81D4EB12E64" author="Tang, F. T." box="[499,667,1368,1392]" page="308" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFECE52F64A2B81D4EB12E64" author="Tang, F. T." box="[499,667,1368,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" refId="ref13518" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Tang, 1991: 308</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFECE52C65C6B8D84DF02A2A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFECE52C65C6B8D84DF02A2A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1437,2041]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,153,1219]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6B8D84DAA2EAC" bold="true" box="[151,384,1437,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F64D7B8DB4DDE2EAC" box="[390,500,1438,1464]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">BEIJING</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F64AEB8DB4E142EAD" box="[511,574,1438,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Haidian, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F6782B8DB48A52EAD" box="[723,1167,1438,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="soulangeana">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F6782B8DB4FFC2EAC" box="[723,982,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Magnolia soulangeana</emphasis>
(Magnoliaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F61C8B8D849262EAC" box="[1177,1292,1437,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2002-10-25">25.x.2002</date>
, coll. San-an Wu.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F659CB8874DA22EC8" box="[205,392,1474,1500]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">GUANGDONG</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F64C0B8874DFB2EC9" box="[401,465,1474,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Shaoguan, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F672AB886480A2EC8" box="[635,1056,1474,1501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F672AB8864FBB2EC8" box="[635,913,1474,1501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Cinnamomum camphora</emphasis>
(Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F617BB887488E2EC8" box="[1066,1188,1474,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2012-04-14">14.iv.2012</date>
, coll. Ying Wang, Jun Deng &amp; Haibin Li.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F6429B8A34DD62D14" box="[376,508,1510,1536]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">GUIZHOU</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6759B8A24E602D15" box="[520,586,1511,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Liupanshui, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F665AB8A348FD2D15" box="[779,1239,1510,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F665AB8A348212D14" box="[779,1035,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Elaeocarpus decipiens</emphasis>
(Elaeocarpaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F61B5B8A049752D14" box="[1252,1375,1509,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2012-04-25">25.iv.2012</date>
, coll. Ying Wang &amp; Haibin Li;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F64E6BB4F4DDD2D31" box="[439,503,1546,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Guiyang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F67C4BB4E48022D31" box="[661,1064,1546,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F67C4BB4E4F542D30" box="[661,894,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Euonymus japonicus</emphasis>
(Celastraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6162BB4F48B52D30" box="[1075,1183,1546,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-04-04">4.iv.2011</date>
, coll. Hu Li.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F6063BB4F49B22D30" box="[1330,1432,1546,1572]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">HENAN</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F65C6BB684CF22D5D" box="[151,216,1581,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Luoyang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F642CBB6B4EC02D5C" box="[381,746,1582,1608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F642CBB6B4E482D5C" box="[381,610,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
(Rosaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F67A7BB6B4FAA2D5C" box="[758,896,1582,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2009-08-20">20.viii.2009</date>
, coll. San-an Wu &amp; Yuan Lu;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F618CBB6B49222D5D" box="[1245,1288,1582,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Zhengzhou, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65EBBB174E382D79" box="[186,530,1618,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujube">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65EBBB174D4C2D78" box="[186,358,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Ziziphus jujube</emphasis>
(Rhamnaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F674CBB174EA52D78" box="[541,655,1618,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2012-05-17">17.v.2012</date>
, coll. Yuqiang Xi;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6637BB174F8C2D79" box="[870,934,1618,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Puyang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F6169BB16495F2D79" box="[1080,1397,1618,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F6169BB1648CB2D78" box="[1080,1249,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
(Ebenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, on
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F65C6BB334CD12D84" box="[151,251,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2013-05-07">7.v.2013</date>
, coll. Jupu Chang;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6487BB334E3D2D85" box="[470,535,1654,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Xinzheng, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F6795BB3348342D85" box="[708,1054,1654,1681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujube">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F6795BB334F5B2D84" box="[708,881,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Ziziphus jujube</emphasis>
(Rhamnaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6178BB3348B12D84" box="[1065,1179,1654,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2010-05-18">18.v.2010</date>
, coll. Yanzhou Zhang.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F65C6BBDE4CDB2DA1" box="[151,241,1691,1717]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">HUBEI</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F65AFBBDF4D6A2DA1" box="[254,320,1690,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Jingzhou, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F64B8BBDF4F5C2DA1" box="[489,886,1690,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jasminoides">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F64B8BBDF4EC92DA0" box="[489,739,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Gardenia jasminoides</emphasis>
(Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F66D2BBDF4FC22DA0" box="[899,1000,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-07">7.v.2011</date>
, coll. Wenkai Wang;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F61B2BBDF49252DA1" box="[1251,1295,1690,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Wuhan, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65C6BBFB4E0C2DCC" authorityName="H. L. Li" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Maxim." box="[151,550,1726,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyracantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fortuneana">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6BBFB4DB42DCC" box="[151,414,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Pyracantha fortuneana</emphasis>
(Rosaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6763BBFB4E8F2DCC" box="[562,677,1726,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-24">24.v.2011</date>
, coll. Nan Nan &amp; Xiangxiang Xia;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F616FBBFB48402DCD" box="[1086,1130,1726,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Wuhan, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F61AEBBFA4DB22DE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F61AEBBFA4D232DE8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Cinnamomum camphora</emphasis>
(Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F64F2BBA74E3F2DE8" box="[419,533,1762,1788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-24">24.v.2011</date>
, coll. Nan Nan &amp; Xiangxiang Xia.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F66CFBBA748222DE8" box="[926,1032,1762,1788]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">HUNAN</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6143BBA4487B2DE9" box="[1042,1105,1761,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Changsha, on unknown tree,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F65C6BA434CD12C34" box="[151,251,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2009-10-02">2.x.2009</date>
, coll. San-an Wu;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F649CBA434E272C35" box="[461,525,1798,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Chenzhou, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F67EFBA4348632C35" box="[702,1097,1798,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jasminoides">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F67EFBA434F9D2C34" box="[702,951,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Gardenia jasminoides</emphasis>
(Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6105BA4348E42C34" box="[1108,1230,1798,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2012-04-12">12.iv.2012</date>
, coll. Ying Wang, Jun Deng &amp; Haibin Li.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F64F5BA6F4E372C50" box="[420,541,1834,1860]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">JIANGSU</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6779BA6C4E432C51" box="[552,617,1833,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Lianyungang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F666CBA6F4FB32C50" box="[829,921,1834,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F666CBA6F4FB32C50" box="[829,921,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Populus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F6681BA6F48662C51" box="[976,1100,1834,1861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6131BA6F48F12C50" box="[1120,1243,1834,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2009-04-20">20.iv.2009</date>
, coll. Yongxiang Wang;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F65BBBA0B4D012C7D" box="[234,299,1870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Yangzhou, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F64B1BA0A4F5E2C7D" box="[480,884,1870,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F64B1BA0A4EE32C7C" box="[480,713,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Euonymus japonicus</emphasis>
(Celastraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F66D1BA0B4FD82C7C" box="[896,1010,1870,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2007-05-21">21.v.2007</date>
, coll. San-an Wu;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6196BA0B49232C7D" box="[1223,1289,1870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Nanjing, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F65C6BA374E0C2C98" authorityName="H. L. Li" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Maxim." box="[151,550,1906,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyracantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fortuneana">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F65C6BA374DB42C98" box="[151,414,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Pyracantha fortuneana</emphasis>
(Rosaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6762BA344EBD2C98" box="[563,663,1905,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-05">5.v.2011</date>
, coll. Nan Nan &amp; Xiangxiang Xia;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F6160BA3748582C99" box="[1073,1138,1906,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Jiujiang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F605EBA374DE12CA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F605EBA374D2B2CA4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Elaeocarpus decipiens</emphasis>
(Elaeocarpaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6484BAD34E622CA4" box="[469,584,1942,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-14">14.v.2011</date>
, coll. Nan Nan &amp; Xiangxiang Xia.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F669FBAD3487A2CA4" box="[974,1104,1942,1968]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">SHAANXI</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F610BBAD348A92CA5" box="[1114,1155,1942,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Baoji, on unknown tree,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F65C6BAFF4CD72CC0" box="[151,253,1978,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2012-02-04">4.ii.2012</date>
, coll. Nan Nan.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F64E3BAFF4E7E2CC0" box="[434,596,1978,2004]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">SHANDONG</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F670CBAFF4EB72CC1" box="[605,669,1978,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Weifang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F666BBAFE485D2CC1" box="[826,1143,1978,2005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F666BBAFE4FC92CC0" box="[826,995,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
(Ebenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F61D3BAFF48CC2CC0" box="[1154,1254,1978,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2010-05-08">8.v.2010</date>
, coll. Yangzhou Zhang;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52F65A0BA9B4D1E2CED" box="[241,308,2014,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Weifang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFECE52F648CBA9B4F7D2CED" box="[477,855,2014,2041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFECE52F648CBA9B4EEC2CED" box="[477,710,2014,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">Platanus orientalis (</emphasis>
Platanaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFECE52F6634BA9B4FE32CEC" box="[869,969,2014,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" value="2011-05-08">8.v.2011</date>
, coll. Yangzhou Zhang.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFECE52F61BBBA9B49AB2CEC" box="[1258,1409,2014,2040]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="5" pageNumber="525">SHANGHAI</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFECE52C60DFBA9B4CE82BA7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="5" pageNumber="525" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Longgang, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6421BDDC4ED22BA0" box="[368,760,153,180]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jasminoides">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6421BDDC4E4D2BA7" box="[368,615,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Gardenia jasminoides</emphasis>
(Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C6653BDDC4F562BA7" box="[770,892,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2011-04-10">10.iv.2011</date>
, coll. Hongliang Li.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C6130BDDC48E52BA7" box="[1121,1231,153,179]" country="China" name="Shanxi" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">SHANXI</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFEFE52C6188BDDC49332BA7" box="[1241,1305,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Yongji, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C65C6BDF94DFE2BC3" box="[151,468,188,215]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C65C6BDF94D6A2BC2" box="[151,320,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
(Ebenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C648FBDF94E602BC2" box="[478,586,188,214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2011-01-13">13.i.2011</date>
, coll. San-an Wu.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C6646BDF94FB22BC2" box="[791,920,188,214]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">SICHUAN</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFEFE52C66F3BDF94FCB2BC2" box="[930,993,188,214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Chengdu, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C61D3BDF94D0A2BEC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C61D3BDF949B62BC1" box="[1154,1436,188,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Cinnamomum japonicum</emphasis>
(Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C647ABD9B4DB52BEC" box="[299,415,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2010-12-01">1.xii.2010</date>
, coll. Xian Li;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFEFE52C671BBD9B4EA02BED" box="[586,650,222,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Chengdu, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C667EBD9A4FEC2BEC" box="[815,966,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C667EBD9A4FEC2BEC" box="[815,966,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C6684BD9B48652BEC" box="[981,1103,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2012-04-29">29.iv.2012</date>
, coll. Jun Deng.
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C605CBD9B49B32BEC" box="[1293,1433,222,248]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">ZHEJIANG</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFEFE52C65C6BC454CF02A0F" box="[151,218,256,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Yuyao, on
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C643DBC444EBF2A0F" box="[364,661,257,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C643DBC444E282A0F" box="[364,514,257,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. camphora</emphasis>
(Lauraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C67F2BC444F0F2A0F" box="[675,805,257,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2010-12-29">29.xii.2010</date>
, coll. Qiang Shen;
<specimenCount id="9D32FD65FFEFE52C6156BC44481E2A0F" box="[1031,1076,257,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Zhoushan, on unknown plant,
<date id="FF8A102CFFEFE52C65C6BC664D2E2A2A" box="[151,260,291,318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" value="2005-11-02">2.xi.2005</date>
, coll. Saijun Yang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFEFE52C6596BC004FC02962" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFEFE52C6596BC004F83291A" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6596BC004DFB2A74" bold="true" box="[199,465,325,352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F323767CFFEFE52C64D0BC004DE62A74" box="[385,460,325,352]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">China</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6488BC034EF82A74" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[473,722,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6488BC034EF82A74" box="[473,722,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Ceroplastes japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is native to eastern Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C66A6BC0348ED2A75" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1015,1223,326,353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref11132" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Contribution to the coccid fauna KNR [Chinese Peoples' Republic 5. Hard and soft scales, harmful fruit and grape culture in northeast and east KNR. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 10, 214 - 218. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1960">Borchsenius 1960</bibRefCitation>
), though
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C6060BC034CC82A97" author="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. &amp; Beattie, G. A. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="37 - 45" refId="ref13155" refString="Qin, T. K., Gullan, P. J. &amp; Beattie, G. A. C. (1998) Biogeography of the wax scale (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae). Journal of Biogeography, 25, 37 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.1998.251178. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
Qin
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6032BC0249B72A74" box="[1379,1437,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
had a different opinion. We agree with Borchsenius’ view of it being native to eastern Asia, based on its distribution and preferred hosts (see below). It has since spread to the eastern and southern parts of Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C601CBCC94D112ADC" author="Fetyko, K. &amp; Kozar, F." pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="291 - 295" refId="ref11771" refString="Fetyko, K. &amp; Kozar, F. (2012) Records of Ceroplastes Gray 1828 in Europe, with an identification key to species in the Palaearctic Region. Bulletin of Insectology, 65 (2), 291 - 295." type="journal article" year="2012">Fetykó &amp; Kozár 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In China, it is widely distributed in warm temperate and subtropical areas, occurring as far south as Shaoguan in
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C647BBC944D9A2AFF" box="[298,432,465,491]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, as far west as Baoji in
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C67E9BC944F3F2AFF" box="[696,789,465,491]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
, and has been recorded as far north as Lingwu in
<collectingRegion id="49F0F80EFFEFE52C6013BC9449B62AFF" box="[1346,1436,465,491]" country="China" name="Ningxia" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Ningxia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C65CEBCB14D0E291A" author="Wang, J. Y." box="[159,292,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" refId="ref13660" refString="Wang, J. Y. (2009) Scale Insects and their Natural Enemies in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Science Press, Beijing, 274 pp." type="book" year="2009">Wang 2009</bibRefCitation>
), with high populations in North, East and Central China.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFEFE52C6596BF534FC02962" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6596BF534D732924" bold="true" box="[199,345,534,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Host-plants.</emphasis>
According to a survey by Wuhan Institute of Landscape Science,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6160BF5248942924" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[1073,1214,535,561]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6160BF5248942924" box="[1073,1214,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on 103 plant species belonging to 71 genera in 41 families in
<collectingCountry id="F323767CFFEFE52C67E1BF7C4ED92947" box="[688,755,569,595]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C6650BF7C4F572947" author="Tang, F. T." box="[769,893,569,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" refId="ref13518" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Tang 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Preferred hosts are
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6136BF7C4CDA2962" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6136BF7C49132947" box="[1127,1337,569,595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">Camellia japonica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6015BF7F4CDA2962" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">Diospyros kaki</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C65AFBF194F2B2962" box="[254,769,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C65AFBF194DD42962" box="[254,510,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">Elaeocarpus decipiens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C675BBF194F2B2962" box="[522,769,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jasminoides">Gardenia jasminoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6666BF194FC92962" box="[823,995,604,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujube">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6666BF194FC92962" box="[823,995,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Ziziphus jujube</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFEFE52C6596BF384F8B29CA" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFEFE52C6596BF384F8B29CA" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6596BF384D0D298C" bold="true" box="[199,295,637,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Biology.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="F323767CFFEFE52C641FBF3B4DBE298C" box="[334,404,638,664]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">China</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C64F1BF3A4E04298C" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[416,558,639,665]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C64F1BF3A4E04298C" box="[416,558,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develops one generation per year, overwinters as mated young adult females, and reproduces bisexually. The immature stages live on the leaves, and migrate to branches as young adult females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C65CEBF814D4E29CA" author="Jiang, H. &amp; Gu, H. G." box="[159,356,708,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="154" refId="ref12514" refString="Jiang, H. &amp; Gu, H. G. (1988) The bionomics of Ceroplastes japonicus Green and its parasitoids. Entomological Knowledge, 25 (1), 154. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1988">Jiang &amp; Gu 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C643EBF814E1E29CA" author="Chai, L. Y. &amp; Xie, J. L." box="[367,564,708,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref11230" refString="Chai, L. Y. &amp; Xie, J. L. (2004) Studies on biological characteristics and chemical control of Ceroplastes japonicus Green. Journal of Henan Vocation Technical Teachers College, 32 (4), 41 - 44. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2004">Chai &amp; Xie 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C676FBF814E8829C9" author="He, C. J." box="[574,674,707,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="65 - 67" refId="ref12195" refString="He, C. J. (2006) Infection law and control of Ceroplastes japonicus Green in persimmon tree in South Shanxi. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 34 (4), 65 - 67. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2006">He 2006</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C678DBF814FBC29CA" author="Xiao, Y. L. &amp; Wang, M. &amp; Wang, W. Q. &amp; Song, S. W. &amp; Li, T." box="[732,918,708,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="2436 - 2438" refId="ref14300" refString="Xiao, Y. L., Wang, M., Wang, W. Q., Song, S. W. &amp; Li, T. (2007) The bionomics of Ceroplastes japonicus on Gardenia jasminoides and its control. Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 32 (22), 2436 - 2438. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2007">
Xiao
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C664BBF814F6129CA" box="[794,843,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E6567FFEFE52C6596BFA34F232FD7" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8B36ECFFEFE52C6596BFA34F232FD7" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6596BFA34D112814" bold="true" box="[199,315,742,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">Remarks.</emphasis>
Good descriptions and illustrations of the adult female were given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C610ABFA248CF2814" author="Tang, F. T." box="[1115,1253,742,769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" refId="ref13518" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1991">Tang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C604FBFA34D592837" author="Camporese, P. &amp; Pellizzari, G." pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="49 - 58" refId="ref11183" refString="Camporese, P. &amp; Pellizzari, G. (1994) Description of the immature stages of Ceroplastes japonicus Green (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 26 (1), 49 - 58." type="journal article" year="1994">Camporese &amp; Pellizzari (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C642FBE4C4DD22837" author="Xie, Y. P." box="[382,504,777,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref14364" refString="Xie, Y. P. (1994) A study on the change of morphology and wax glands of Japanese wax scale. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University, 14 (1), 99 - 102. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1994">Xie (1994)</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated all three female immature stages, of which the first-instar nymph and the second-instar female nymph agree with those described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C66A1BE69497F2852" author="Camporese, P. &amp; Pellizzari, G." box="[1008,1365,812,838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="49 - 58" refId="ref11183" refString="Camporese, P. &amp; Pellizzari, G. (1994) Description of the immature stages of Ceroplastes japonicus Green (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 26 (1), 49 - 58." type="journal article" year="1994">Camporese &amp; Pellizzari (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, however, the third-instar female nymph is obviously a misidentification of the second-instar male.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C618BBE0B49B6287C" author="Qin, T. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. &amp; Beattie, G. A. C." box="[1242,1436,846,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="37 - 45" refId="ref13155" refString="Qin, T. K., Gullan, P. J. &amp; Beattie, G. A. C. (1998) Biogeography of the wax scale (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae). Journal of Biogeography, 25, 37 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.1998.251178. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
Qin
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C605CBE0A4962287C" box="[1293,1352,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6446BE344D8F289F" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[279,421,881,907]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6446BE344D8F289F" box="[279,421,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C67E4BE344F61289F" authorityName="Comstock, Kuwana" authorityYear="1927" box="[693,843,881,907]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C67E4BE344F61289F" box="[693,843,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. floridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on only a small sample collected from
<collectingCountry id="F323767CFFEFE52C6003BE3449B3289F" box="[1362,1433,881,907]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">China</collectingCountry>
. Based on molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B1DFFEFE52C64E9BED14E5F28BA" author="Deng, J. &amp; Yu, F. &amp; Zhang, T. X. &amp; Hu, H. Y. &amp; Zhu, C. D. &amp; Wu, S. A. &amp; Zhang, Y. Z." box="[440,629,916,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" pagination="791 - 796" refId="ref11545" refString="Deng, J., Yu, F., Zhang, T. X., Hu, H. Y., Zhu, C. D., Wu, S. A. &amp; Zhang, Y. Z. (2012) DNA barcoding of six Ceroplastes species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from China. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12, 791 - 796. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2012.03152. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Deng
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C64ACBED14E1F28BA" box="[509,565,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) and a morphological study of large samples,
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C6127BED1492928B9" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[1142,1283,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C6127BED1492928B9" box="[1142,1283,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered here as a valid species. The adult female of
<taxonomicName id="4C344D6FFFEFE52C672DBEF24F2328C4" authorityName="Green, Tang" authorityYear="1977" box="[636,777,951,977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B940EAFEFFEFE52C672DBEF24F2328C4" box="[636,777,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="526">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized as follows: absence of a mediodorsal clear area; cephalic and posterolateral clear area undivided; ventral tubular ducts each with a short, very swollen inner ductule, present in a submarginal band extending from near each antenna to near each anal lobe; legs each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; multilocular pores numerous on abdominal venter, and present in a small group of 2–6 multilocular pores near base of each coxa and near stigmatic atrium; stigmatic setae bullet-shaped, forming a continuous row along body margin between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side, with 2–7 marginal bristle-shaped setae (of which fewer than 4 setae are contiguous) mingled with stigmatic setae; dorsum usually with filamentous ducts; and antennae normally 6-segmented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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