583 lines
72 KiB
XML
583 lines
72 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7E45A2F489657D317B69942B10763E6F">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7BA59260D5BA63A0DB7BDB563CAC2792">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="504ACD6F49139979DFF4C820E0A96BB1">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="085BF612A04837E53F1AAA121C411B3D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8455EB9EBBA0A2BB8C6B9D712F8EA1BA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03877623626AFFCD2DEFB41DFA7B5BFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963735" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209628945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963735" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03877623626AFFCD2DEFB41DFA7B5BFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03877623626AFFCD2DEFB41DFA7B5BFE" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE626AFFCF2DEFB41DFD955BDA" box="[151,626,1638,1665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C735626AFFCF2DEFB41DFD955BDA" blockId="44.[151,626,1638,1665]" box="[151,626,1638,1665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2DEFB41DFD955BDA" bold="true" box="[151,626,1638,1665]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2C6FB41DFD955BDA" ID-CoL="8LR5S" authority="Schaum, 1863" authorityName="Schaum" authorityYear="1863" box="[279,626,1638,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2C6FB41DFE5B5BDB" bold="true" box="[279,444,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2CBBB41DFD955BDA" author="Schaum, H. R." box="[451,626,1638,1664]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref112815" refString="Schaum, H. R. (1863) Descriptions of four new genera of Carabidae. The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical, 2, 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1863">Schaum, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE626AFFCF2DEFB4D0FCAC5B99" box="[151,843,1706,1731]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B91C735626AFFCF2DEFB4D0FCAC5B99" blockId="44.[151,1437,1706,1792]" box="[151,843,1706,1731]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Type-species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2C50B4D1FD9D5B99" ID-CoL="MP7X" authority="Schaum" authorityName="Schaum" box="[296,634,1706,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2C50B4D1FDC75B98" bold="true" box="[296,544,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera dorsigera</emphasis>
|
||
Schaum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fixed by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE626AFFCF2DEFB4B2FD385A5A" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B91C735626AFFCF2DEFB4B2FD385A5A" blockId="44.[151,1437,1706,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2DEFB4B2FE0C5BBB" ID-CoL="8LR5S" authority="Schaum, 1863: 75" authorityName="Schaum" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,491,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2DEFB4B2FEC25BBB" bold="true" box="[151,293,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2C55B4B2FE0C5BBB" author="Schaum, H. R." box="[301,491,1737,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref112815" refString="Schaum, H. R. (1863) Descriptions of four new genera of Carabidae. The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical, 2, 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1863">Schaum, 1863: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2C8FB4B2FD2A5BB8" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[503,717,1737,1762]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="97 - 204" refId="ref110142" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204." type="journal article" year="1872">Chaudoir, 1872: 181</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2FA1B4B2FC575BBB" author="Jakobson, G. G." box="[729,944,1737,1762]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="321 - 400" refId="ref111151" refString="Jakobson, G. G. (1907) Fasc. 5: pp. 321 - 400. In: Zhuki Rossii i Zapadnoi Evropy. Sankt-Petersburg: A. F. Devrien, 1024 pp., 83 pls." type="book chapter" year="1907">Jakobson, 1907: 395</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2EC4B4B2FB9C5BBB" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[956,1147,1737,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 60" refId="ref111384" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1951) Stukie O. Carabidech Palaearcticke Fauny. Etudes sur les Carabides de la faune palaearctique. Acta Musei Silesiae, (A) 1, 59 - 60." type="journal article" year="1951">Jedlička, 1951: 59</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF29FFB4B2FAB45BBB" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[1159,1363,1737,1761]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="269 - 579" refId="ref111456" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička, 1963: 445</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Habu, 1967: 149 (synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2C85B492FD325A5A" ID-CoL="8KVXP" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[509,725,1768,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2C85B492FDA05A5A" box="[509,583,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
Motschulsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE626AFFCE2DEFB552FE415927" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626AFFCF2DEFB552FD235AA2" blockId="44.[151,1437,1833,2040]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2DEFB552FEC85A19" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[151,303,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2DEFB552FEC85A19" box="[151,303,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2C84B552FD405A19" author="Schaum, H. R." box="[508,679,1833,1859]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref112815" refString="Schaum, H. R. (1863) Descriptions of four new genera of Carabidae. The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical, 2, 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1863">Schaum (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2FACB551FC875A19" box="[724,864,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2FACB551FC875A19" box="[724,864,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">B. dorsigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later, some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2E8EB551FB785A19" box="[1014,1183,1833,1859]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2E8EB551FBA05A19" box="[1014,1095,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with relatively narrow pronotum were described under this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2F07B536FCE05A3D" author="Bates, H. W." box="[639,775,1869,1895]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2E68B536FC2D5A3D" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[784,970,1869,1895]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref109781" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1947) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Carabidae. Collected by Rene Malaise. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 38 A nr. 20, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Andrewes, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2EACB536FB9D5A32" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[980,1146,1869,1896]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 60" refId="ref111384" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1951) Stukie O. Carabidech Palaearcticke Fauny. Etudes sur les Carabides de la faune palaearctique. Acta Musei Silesiae, (A) 1, 59 - 60." type="journal article" year="1951">Jedlička, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Jedlička's monograph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC4626AFFCF2DE7B50AFEAE5AD1" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[159,329,1905,1931]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="269 - 579" refId="ref111456" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2C19B50AFE1E5AD1" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[353,505,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2C19B50AFE1E5AD1" box="[353,505,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was regarded as a separate genus including six species, and distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2DEFB5EDFF0F5AF5" box="[151,232,1942,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2DEFB5EDFF0F5AF5" box="[151,232,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the differences in tempora length and pronotum shape. However, the generic characters mentioned are not in accord with all of these six species. Habu (1967) pointed out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2EAAB5C2FB8D5A89" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[978,1130,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2EAAB5C2FB8D5A89" box="[978,1130,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no generic differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626AFFCF2DADB5A5FEC15AAD" box="[213,294,2014,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626AFFCF2DADB5A5FEC15AAD" box="[213,294,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and synonymized these two genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626BFFCE2DBFB2ECFCC05F43" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
In the present study, we find the following important diagnostic characters supporting a new concept of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2D98B2C0FE9F5D8F" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[224,376,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2D98B2C0FE9F5D8F" box="[224,376,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) first setigerous pore on elytral interval 3 distant from elytra base, on a level much behind scutellar apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE2C3BB2A4FE1A5DA3" box="[323,509,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 4D, 4E, 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); (2) male mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive setae ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE29C5B2A4FAE65DA3" box="[1213,1281,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,932,956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,189,903]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[198,1389,181,909]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Diagram of the ventral surface of male mesotarsomeres 1–3, white strips representing the variety of adhesive setal patterns in different species of genus Parena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958951/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) in most species; (3) antennomeres 1–3 with well-developed accessory setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE2E07B378FC325C47" box="[895,981,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). (4) mandibles rounded-triangular, less widened than in the other two subgenera (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE2F16B35CFD555C1B" box="[622,690,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (5) retinacular ridge of right mandible shortened but not reduced to a retinacular tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE2CEAB330FE3F5C3F" box="[402,472,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); (6) apex of mentum epilobes extending slightly beyond lateral lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0626BFFCE2879B330FA685C3F" box="[1281,1423,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The above character states differentiate subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2FB1B314FC865CD3" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[713,865,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2FB1B314FC865CD3" box="[713,865,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE290EB314FB205CD2" box="[1142,1223,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE290EB314FB205CD2" box="[1142,1223,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are thought to be synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of the subgenus. In addition to the above characters, the following characters present in subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2C8EB3CCFD695C8B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[502,654,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2C8EB3CCFD695C8B" box="[502,654,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably have taxonomical importance as well: dorsum not metallic; pronotum relatively narrow; elytra discal depressions very shallow or absent; apex of abdominal sternite VII straight in both sexes; male genitalia in stout form in most species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626BFFCE2DBFB058FDBC5FAB" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Most of these above character states are only present in subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2ED4B058FBA35F67" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[940,1092,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2ED4B058FBA35F67" box="[940,1092,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and distinguish this subgenus. However, the second character state (adhesive setae absent from male mesotarsomere 1) is also found in five species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2DD9B010FD315FDF" box="[161,726,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2DD9B010FEC85FDF" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[161,303,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">P. latecincta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2C44B010FE2B5FDF" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[316,460,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2CA1B010FD935FDF" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[473,628,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">P. politissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2FF8B010FD315FDF" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[640,726,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">P. fulva</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C626BFFCE2FA6B010FCFA5FDF" box="[734,797,619,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2E25B010FC305FDF" box="[861,983,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2E25B010FC305FDF" box="[861,983,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. plagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2902B010FB2C5FDE" box="[1146,1227,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2902B010FB2C5FDE" box="[1146,1227,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on several other important differences, including the pronotum relatively wide, postgenae without a long seta, terminal ventrite slightly emarginate, and the first pore on elytral interval 3 very close to elytra base, these species are considered not to be related to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2CC4B0ACFDB35FAB" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[444,596,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2CC4B0ACFDB35FAB" box="[444,596,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626BFFCE2DBFB080FBB95EFF" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2C42B080FE355E4F" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[314,466,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2C42B080FE355E4F" box="[314,466,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains fourteen species, mainly distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2E93B080FBB25E4F" box="[1003,1109,763,789]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and many of them have relatively wide distributional ranges.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2F69B164FDB35E63" box="[529,596,799,825]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
has the most diverse fauna of the subgenus, with twelve species recorded: five of them are endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2CA2B138FDC75E07" box="[474,544,835,861]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, five have ranges extended to the south slope of the Himalayan Range and the north part of Southeast Asian counties, and four species range
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2E30B11CFC6C5EDB" box="[840,907,871,897]" name="Japan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2EECB11CFC3C5EDB" box="[916,987,871,897]" name="South Korea" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Russian Far East. The subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2DEFB1F0FEC85EFF" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[151,303,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2DEFB1F0FEC85EFF" box="[151,303,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not found in Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2F4BB1F0FD7A5EFF" box="[563,669,907,933]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5626BFFCE2F88B1F0FCCB5EFF" box="[752,812,907,933]" name="India" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, or the Malay Archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626BFFCE2DBFB1D4FE415927" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Five species groups are recognized in the subgenus, based mainly on differences in male genitalia (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2DEFB1A8FED95EB7" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,318,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2DEFB1A8FED95EB7" box="[151,318,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for which male genitalia are unknown). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2E35B1A8FC005EB6" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[845,999,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2E35B1A8FC005EB6" box="[845,999,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group has the highest species diversity, including eight species with very similar stout male genitalia. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2E97B18CFB82594A" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" box="[1007,1125,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2E97B18CFB82594A" box="[1007,1125,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. taiwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (containing only one species) is the most atypical in the subgenus for the presence of ventral adhesive setae on male mesotarsomere 1 and rather slender male genitalia; but based on the character states mentioned above, it should be assigned to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2C7EB618FE795927" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[262,414,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2C7EB618FE795927" box="[262,414,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE626BFFCE2DBFB6FDFBC05A2B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C735626BFFCE2DBFB6FDFBC05A2B" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2DBFB6FDFE3559FB" bold="true" box="[199,466,1158,1185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface unicolorous or elytra with light or dark patches, without metallic hue. Tempora abruptly or gradually narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction usually more or less longer than one-third of diameter of eye; postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae, generally in similar length as supraorbital setae (but very short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2F31B688FD0A5857" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[585,749,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2F31B688FD0A5857" box="[585,749,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); antennomeres 1–3 with distinct accessory setae, one or two of them on the antennomere
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD0626BFFCE2CA3B76CFDE0586B" box="[475,519,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
similar length as two primary ones. Mandibles moderately widened, rounded-triangular, retinacular ridge of right mandible present, one-third to two-thirds length of terebral ridge; mentum with a pair of setae, setae normally longer than terminal labial palpomere (but very short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2916B724FB2D5822" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1134,1226,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2916B724FB2D5822" box="[1134,1226,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. tesari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE29A1B724FAA85823" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1977" box="[1241,1359,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsucra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE29A1B724FAA85823" box="[1241,1359,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. obsucra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE28F0B724FEC758C7" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE28F0B724FEC758C7" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); lateral lobes short and narrow, apex rounded-angulate, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins nearly straight or slightly arcuate, epilobes relatively wide, apex extending beyond lateral lobes. Pronotum usually relatively narrow, PW/PL 1.19–1.43, narrower or slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 0.85–1.12; lateral explanations narrow; lateral margins clearly sinuate before posterior angles in most species; posterior angles forming indistinct right angles in most species. Elytral interval 3 with three setigerous pores in most species (with four or more in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2DCCB44CFEDA5B0B" box="[180,317,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2DCCB44CFEDA5B0B" box="[180,317,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); first pore distant from elytra base, on a level much behind scutellar apex; disc without depression or very faintly depressed near middle of interval 5, lateral sides slightly depressed near anterior third. Abdominal sternite VII with two setae on each side in most species (with three in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2EB8B404FB435BC3" box="[960,1188,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2EB8B404FBF85BC2" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[960,1055,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">P. tesari</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2955B404FB435BC3" authorityName="Mateu" authorityYear="1977" box="[1069,1188,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsucra">P. obsucra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE29A6B404FAA95BC3" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[1246,1358,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE29A6B404FAA95BC3" box="[1246,1358,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. kurosai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), apex straight in both sexes. Male mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive setae ventrally (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE292CB4D8FB2F5BE6" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" box="[1108,1224,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE292CB4D8FB2F5BE6" box="[1108,1224,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. taiwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mesotarsomere 2 and 3 with adhesive setae ventrally. Male genitalia with median lobe very stout (AL/AW = 3–4) in most species, but slightly slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2C1BB490FE5E5A5E" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[355,441,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2C1BB490FE5E5A5E" box="[355,441,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P tesari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (AL/AW = 4.5–5), very slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6626BFFCE2EF9B490FC125A5E" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" box="[897,1013,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B27626BFFCE2EF9B490FC125A5E" box="[897,1013,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">P. taiwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (AL/AW = 5.5–6); endophallus with primary sclerite well chitinized, flared basal expansion well-developed, apical flagellum present, more or less extended to apex; apical sclerite V-shaped. Female ovipositor with gonocoxite II nearly rectangular in most species, apex with five to seven ensiform setae, subequally arranged or grouped at angles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6268FFCD2DEFB2ECFA7B5BFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB2ECFD1D5DEB" blockId="46.[151,762,151,178]" box="[151,762,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2DEFB2ECFD1D5DEB" bold="true" box="[151,762,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Key to species of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2C91B2ECFD1D5DEB" ID-CoL="8LR5S" authority="Schaum" authorityName="Schaum" box="[489,762,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2C91B2ECFD695DE8" bold="true" box="[489,654,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
Schaum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFBF90046268FFCD2DEFB2ACFA7B5BFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB2ACFA7B5CD8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB2ACFA7B5C1C" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB2ACFA7B5C1C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
1. Tarsal claws asymmetric (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD2CA0B2ACFDC65DB7" box="[472,545,215,237]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
): inner claw elongate with pectinations only present on basal half, outer claw normal (opposite for prolegs); elytra with two distinct small tubercles at basal quarter and middle of interval 6; elytra background color of a gradient from basal dark brown to apical light yellow, elytral setigerous pores forming black umbilicular spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD286AB368FABD5C73" box="[1298,1370,275,297]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). (4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD28F3B36FFEBF5C1C" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD28F3B36FFEBF5C1C" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)................................................................ [10]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29B6B34AFA865C1C" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1230,1377,304,326]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">P. heteronycha</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6268FFCD281EB34AFA7B5C1C" box="[1382,1436,305,326]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD281EB34AFA715C1C" bold="true" box="[1382,1430,305,326]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB334FA7B5CD8" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB334FA7B5CD8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Tarsal claws symmetric (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD2C9EB334FDDF5C3F" box="[486,568,335,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
); elytra without tubercles; elytra of different color, setigerous pores same color as background.......................................................................................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB3F0FA7B5C81" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB3F0FA7B5CE7" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB3F0FA7B5CE7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
2. Elytra with apical truncation distinct, bisinuate, straight or concave inward; outer apical angles prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD299FB3F1FABE5CFA" box="[1255,1369,394,416]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 5G–5J</figureCitation>
|
||
). (5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD28F3B3F0FED85CE7" ID-CoL="MP7X" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD28F3B3F0FED85CE7" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)...................................................................................... 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB3BCFA7B5C81" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,454,476]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB3BCFA7B5C81" box="[151,1436,454,476]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Elytra with apical truncation indistinct, evenly rounded, outer apical angles completely rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD29FEB3BDFB295C86" box="[1158,1230,454,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
)............... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB39FFA7B5F6C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB39FFA7A5F42" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB39FFA7A5F42" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
3. Elytral interval 3 with four setigerous pores, five or six in some specimens; elytra depressed at pores, forming fovea slightly wider than interval width.......................................................... [11]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29BCB079FA7A5F42" ID-CoL="MP7X" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" box="[1220,1437,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29BCB079FADE5F4D" bold="true" box="[1220,1337,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
|
||
(Schaum)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB05BFA7B5F6C" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,543,566]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB05BFA7B5F6C" box="[151,1436,543,566]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Elytral interval 3 with three setigerous pores, elytra not depressed at pores........................ [12]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2878B05BFA7B5F6C" ID-CoL="4DKPM" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[1280,1436,543,566]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2878B05BFA845F6F" bold="true" box="[1280,1379,543,565]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. kurosai</emphasis>
|
||
Habu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB045FA7B5FF7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB045FA7B5F2B" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB045FA7B5F2B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
4. Tempora gradually narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction two-thirds of diameter of eye or more (6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2D9AB027FED75F2B" ID-CoL="4DKQQ" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[226,304,604,625]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2D9AB027FED75F2B" box="[226,304,604,625]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. tesari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2C16B020FE915F2B" bold="true" box="[366,374,603,625]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">)</emphasis>
|
||
....................................................................................... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB001FA7B5FF7" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB001FA7B5FF7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- Tempora abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction at most slightly greater than one-third of diameter of eye....................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB0CEFA7B5E7E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB0CEFA7B5FB3" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB0CEFA7B5FB3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
5. Tempora shorter, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately two-thirds of diameter of eye; apical lamella of male genitalia longer, LL subequal to LW;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2F31B0A8FD625FB3" box="[585,645,723,745]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2FF5B0A8FD395FB3" box="[653,734,723,745]" name="Vietnam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
....................................... [13]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2991B0A8FA7B5FB3" ID-CoL="4DKQQ" authority="(Jedlicka)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1257,1436,723,745]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2991B0A8FADF5FB2" bold="true" box="[1257,1336,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. tesari</emphasis>
|
||
(Jedlička)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB08AFA7B5E7E" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB08AFA7B5E7E" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Tempora longer, length of tempora plus neck-constriction subequal to diameter of eye; apical lamella of male genitalia very short, LL about half as LW;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2C88B174FDDF5E7F" box="[496,568,783,805]" name="Bhutan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2F3AB174FD9C5E7F" box="[578,635,783,805]" name="Nepal" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
................................................ [14]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD298BB174FA7B5E7E" ID-CoL="4DKQ2" authority="Mateu" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" box="[1267,1436,782,804]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD298BB174FABE5E7E" bold="true" box="[1267,1369,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
Mateu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB157FA7B5E8D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB157FA7B5EC6" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB157FA7B5EC6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
6. Elytra interval strongly punctate, distance between interval punctures one to two times as that between stria punctures; antennae longer, exceeding level of first discal pore on elytra; dorsal surface yellow, elytra with a pair of dark spots behind middle, sometimes without these spots or with a pair of additional spots near base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD2EBBB113FBEB5E24" box="[963,1036,872,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,977,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-354@63.[151,1436,972,1674]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 36. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua. A Male from Guangxi. B Female from Taiwan. C Male from Taiwan. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959011/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
); median lobe of aedeagus slender. (7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD28F3B112FEC85EC6" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD28F3B112FEC85EC6" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. taiwana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)........................................................................ [15]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2870B1FDFA7B5EC6" authority="Hua" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" box="[1288,1436,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2870B1FDFA885EC1" bold="true" box="[1288,1391,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. taiwana</emphasis>
|
||
Hua
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB1DFFA7B5E8D" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB1DFFA7B5E8D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Elytra interval without puncture or with punctures much sparser than stria punctures; antennae shorter, hardly reaching elytra base; elytra pattern not as above; median lobe of aedeagus stout. (8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2E0AB1B8FC135E82" ID-CoL="4DKQS" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[882,1012,963,984]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2E0AB1B8FC135E82" box="[882,1012,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)............................ 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB19BFA7B5949" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB19BFA7B5EAF" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,992,1014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB19BFA7B5EAF" box="[151,1436,992,1014]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">7. Elytra unicolor or disc slightly paler, not forming well-defined pattern........................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB185FA7B5949" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1022,1044]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB185FA7B5949" box="[151,1436,1022,1044]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- Elytra with well-defined pattern.......................................................................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB667FA7A5937" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB667FA7B596B" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1051,1073]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB667FA7B596B" box="[151,1436,1051,1073]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
8. Elytra unicolor, reddish brown to dark brown........................................... [16]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29B4B667FA7B596B" ID-CoL="4DKQS" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1228,1436,1051,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29B4B667FAB6596A" bold="true" box="[1228,1361,1051,1073]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB641FA7A5937" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB641FA7A5937" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Elytra yellowish brown, disc gradually turn to pale yellow from base, forming an obscure large pale patch............................................................................................[17]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29DCB623FA7A5937" ID-CoL="4DKQJ" authority="Xie & Yu" authorityName="Xie & Yu. B" authorityYear="1993" box="[1188,1437,1111,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shapingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29DCB623FADC5937" bold="true" box="[1188,1339,1111,1133]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. shapingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Xie & Yu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB60EFA7B59F2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB60EFA7B59D1" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1141,1163]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB60EFA7B59D1" box="[151,1436,1141,1163]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
9. Elytra reddish brown, with large pale serrate band near middle........................... [19]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29C3B60EFA7B59D1" ID-CoL="4DKPS" authority="(Andrewes)" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1211,1436,1141,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29C3B60EFAC259D1" bold="true" box="[1211,1317,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. malaisei</emphasis>
|
||
(Andrewes)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB6E8FA7B59F2" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1171,1193]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB6E8FA7B59F2" box="[151,1436,1171,1193]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- Elytra light yellow to reddish brown, with one to four dark patches............................................. 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB6CAFA7B5858" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB6CAFA7B59BE" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB6CAFA7B59BE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
10. Elytra with one central black patch behind middle, reaching third or fourth interval outward;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD292AB6CAFB6C599C" box="[1106,1163,1201,1222]" name="Japan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD29ECB6CAFB36599C" box="[1172,1233,1201,1222]" name="South Korea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD29A2B6CAFAFD599D" box="[1242,1306,1201,1223]" name="Russia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fareast) and east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2C75B6B4FEA159BF" box="[269,326,1231,1253]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
...................................................................... [18]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29B8B6B4FA7B59BE" ID-CoL="763H8" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1216,1436,1231,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29B8B6B4FAB659BE" bold="true" box="[1216,1361,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. monostigma</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB696FA7B5858" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1261,1283]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB696FA7B5858" box="[151,1436,1261,1283]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
- Elytra with three or four dark patches; southwest
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2FC4B696FD1F5859" box="[700,760,1261,1283]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56268FFCD2E7AB696FCD65858" box="[770,817,1261,1282]" name="Laos" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
................................................. 11
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB770FA7B5801" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB770FA7B5864" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB770FA7B5864" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
11. Elytra dark reddish brown, with four black patches, the basal group close to elytra humeri, reaching seventh or eighth interval outward....................................................................... [20]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29C0B752FA7B5864" ID-CoL="4DKQB" authority="Mateu" authorityName="Mateu. A" authorityYear="1977" box="[1208,1436,1320,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29C0B752FABE5864" bold="true" box="[1208,1369,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. quadrisignata</emphasis>
|
||
Mateu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB73CFA7B5801" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" box="[151,1436,1350,1372]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB73CFA7B5801" box="[151,1436,1350,1372]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- Elytra light yellow to yellowish brown, basal black patches distant from humeri, at most reaching sixth interval outward.. 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB71FFA7B58AB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB71FFA7B58EF" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB71FFA7B58EF" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
12. Apical margin of labrum strongly emarginate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06268FFCD2FD9B71FFD1E5820" box="[673,761,1380,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,707,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-274@78.[151,1436,705,1572]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parena (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959031/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 46C</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsum pale yellow; pronotum disc with a pair of dark stripes; elytra with four black patches: a pair of basal stripes and a pair of well separate subapical spots;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76268FFCD293AB7F9FB6858C2" box="[1090,1167,1410,1432]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Muli),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76268FFCD2998B7F9FAC258C2" box="[1248,1317,1410,1432]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Cona)................................................................................... [21]
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29AFB7DBFA7B58EF" bold="true" box="[1239,1436,1440,1461]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD29AFB7DBFA8758EF" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1239,1376,1440,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD29AFB7DBFA8758EF" bold="true" box="[1239,1376,1440,1461]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6268FFCD281EB7DBFA7B58EF" box="[1382,1436,1440,1461]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB7C5FA7B58AB" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB7C5FA7B58AB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- Apical margin of labrum straight; dorsum reddish yellow; pronotum without dark patch; elytra subapical patches more or less continuous at elytral suture forming one large middle patch................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906268FFCD2DEFB782FA7B5BFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB782FA7B5B10" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB782FA7B5B10" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
13. Elytra darker; basal patches distant from elytral base (not covering first discal pore); subapical patch concave at anterior margin; in dorsal view, median lobe of aedeagus strongly narrowed at apex, LW subequal to LL;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76268FFCD29FDB46CFB355B77" box="[1157,1234,1559,1581]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Luding).......................................................................................... [22]
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD299AB44EFA7B5B10" bold="true" box="[1250,1436,1589,1610]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD299AB44EFA865B10" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1250,1377,1589,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonggaica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD299AB44EFA865B10" bold="true" box="[1250,1377,1589,1610]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. gonggaica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6268FFCD281EB44EFA7B5B10" box="[1382,1436,1589,1610]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356268FFCD2DEFB428FA7B5BFE" blockId="46.[151,1438,215,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006268FFCD2DEFB428FA7B5BFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2DEFB428FF785B32" bold="true" box="[151,159,1619,1640]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</emphasis>
|
||
Elytra lighter, basal patches close to elytral base (covering first discal pore); subapical patch protruded at anterior margin; in dorsal view, median lobe of aedeagus slightly narrowed at apex, LW about twice as LL;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76268FFCD2949B40AFB995BDD" box="[1073,1150,1649,1671]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Kangding, Ebian)..........................................................................................[23]
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2995B4F4FA7B5BFE" bold="true" box="[1261,1436,1679,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66268FFCD2995B4F4FA875BFE" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1261,1376,1679,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276268FFCD2995B4F4FA875BFE" bold="true" box="[1261,1376,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. triguttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6268FFCD281EB4F4FA7B5BFE" box="[1382,1436,1679,1700]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |