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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792316" ID-GBIF-Dataset="380557b0-b78e-4dd3-a582-75f6fa6d04b4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163969972" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792316" ID-ZooBank="3B75A32E-5332-4F74-A3BA-974ADDF626C4" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37F4D9EA-EDF5-4376-B9D3-D41901CBB5A7" checkinTime="1588008374112" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2009" docId="03809242FFF84C2D30A5FA4FE8FDF915" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1989.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 9 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Leichosila Schmidt 2009, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="37F4D9EA-EDF5-4376-B9D3-D41901CBB5A7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FFB9EA3AFFF94C2E3029FFF3EB5FFF92" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of arctiine tiger moth (Noctuidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) from Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1643565622888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new genus and two new species of arctiine tiger moth (Noctuidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) from Costa Rica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-05-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>89</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.9.151</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">380557b0-b78e-4dd3-a582-75f6fa6d04b4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">13132970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576455</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3B75A32E-5332-4F74-A3BA-974ADDF626C4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163969972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792316" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37F4D9EA-EDF5-4376-B9D3-D41901CBB5A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03809242FFF84C2D30A5FA4FE8FDF915" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection box="[140,462,1468,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,990,1468,1531]" box="[140,462,1468,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<heading box="[140,462,1468,1495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,462,1468,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,369,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,259,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Leichosila</emphasis>
Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[381,462,1469,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,990,1504,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,990,1468,1531]" box="[140,990,1504,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<uri box="[140,990,1504,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[421,990,1504,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">37F4D9EA-EDF5-4376-B9D3-D41901CBB5A7</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="multiple">
<subSubSection box="[140,708,1574,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1574,1672]" box="[140,708,1574,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,295,1574,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis box="[140,198,1575,1601]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
<typeStatus box="[140,198,1575,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[302,635,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talamanca" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[302,529,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Leichosila talamanca</emphasis>
Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[647,708,1575,1601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1574,1672]" lastBlockId="2.[140,1108,167,1214]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1609,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis box="[185,307,1609,1635]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[322,428,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[322,428,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be distinguished externally from all other New World arctiines by the unique wing pattern and colour, consisting of a grey to whitish- grey ground colour with a pattern of dark grey-black, incomplete forewing bands that are ochre yellow centrally (
<figureCitation box="[441,543,202,228]" captionStart="Figures 1-2" captionStartId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Structurally, the following combination of characters is unique: male antennae simple (
<figureCitation box="[581,647,237,263]" captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), juxta very broad and shallow (5 × wider than long;
<figureCitation box="[272,342,272,298]" captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); male valve lacking medioventral lobe (
<figureCitation box="[821,962,272,298]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs. 3a, 4a</figureCitation>
), abdominal markings absent (
<figureCitation box="[339,446,307,334]" captionStart="Figures 1-2" captionStartId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Th e juxta shape is a putative autapomorphy of the genus and is unlike that of any other New World spilosomine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,167,1214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,377,403]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis box="[185,330,377,403]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Male (female unknown).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[636,724,378,404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
Head
<emphasis bold="true" box="[708,724,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91"></emphasis>
</emphasis>
Male antenna filiform in dorsoventral view, ciliate and subserrate ventrally; segment slightly longer than wide (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); dorsal antennal scales greyish brown; palpi porrect, 3
<superScript attach="left" box="[799,813,447,461]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">rd</superScript>
segment ½ length of 2
<superScript attach="none" box="[1090,1108,447,461]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">nd</superScript>
segment; vestiture of palpi, frons and vertex dusty brown grey; haustellum reduced and poorly sclerotized, presumably non-functional.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[733,842,519,545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
Thorax
<emphasis bold="true" box="[826,842,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91"></emphasis>
</emphasis>
Vestiture of vertex and ventrum of thorax, patagia, tegulae and legs dusty brown grey and shaggy; apex of prothoracic tibia with two subequal, blunt, triangular projections; two meso- and metathoracic tibial spurs, the posterior spur slightly longer than anterior, length of spurs approximately equal to tibial width at apex; metepisternum with rounded ridge along anterior margin, microtymbals absent.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[593,704,694,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Forewing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[722,834,695,721]" captionStart="Figures 1-2" captionStartId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis box="[853,868,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91"></emphasis>
length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="14.75" valueMax="16.1" valueMin="13.4">13.4 to 16.1 mm</quantity>
; ground colour dark mouse grey to whitish grey; 5 transverse bands of yellowish ochre, outlined in dark charcoal grey; bands evident as five discrete cells along costa, three basal bands obsolete in medio-basal area, and again present along anal margin except for basal-most band; ochre and grey areas of three distal bands confluent in costal half, with ochre scaling extending along veins; distal band often darkest and most complete; pattern similar ventrally, but colours washed-out.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,951,905,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Hindwing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[967,1075,906,932]" captionStart="Figures 1-2" captionStartId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
) ground colour dusty grey to whitish grey, with irregular dark-grey subterminal spots and medial spot, these varying in contrast from pronounced to obsolete against darker ground colour; pattern similar ventrally, but colours of subterminal spots washed-out; medial spot darker ventrally than on dorsum, often extending to costa and basally along costal margin.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[384,501,1081,1107]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Abdomen</emphasis>
vestiture dusty brown grey dorsally and ventrally; evenly coloured without distinguishable markings (
<figureCitation box="[728,840,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figures 1-2" captionStartId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,1276,1602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
); coremata between 7
<superScript attach="none" box="[1093,1107,1116,1130]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
and 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[205,219,1151,1165]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
sternite absent (
<figureCitation box="[409,477,1152,1179]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[516,530,1151,1165]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
sternite moderately sclerotized, trapezoidal, 2 × as wide as long (
<figureCitation box="[295,363,1187,1214]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); lateral sclerites of 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[601,615,1187,1201]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">th</superScript>
sternite moderate sclerotized basally, mem-
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" startId="2.[140,222,1622,1644]" targetBox="[140,1108,1276,1602]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1107,1622,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,268,1622,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Figures 1-2.</emphasis>
Adult habitus of
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 2009" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[434,521,1622,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[434,521,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[528,592,1623,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,612,1622,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 2009" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[625,811,1622,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talamanca" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[625,811,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Leichosila talamanca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[818,870,1623,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male
<typeStatus box="[932,1016,1622,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1026,1039,1622,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 2009" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wagneri" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Leichosila wagneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[262,313,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male
<typeStatus box="[374,458,1654,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
branous distally, equalling width of sternite in length (
<figureCitation box="[769,838,166,193]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[878,892,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
tergite sclerotized, entire.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[220,391,201,228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Male genitalia</emphasis>
Uncus triangular to bottle-shaped in dorsal view, length 2 × that of basal width (
<figureCitation box="[363,468,237,264]" captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
); basal half sparsely setose; apical third flattened laterally, down curved, resembling a birds beak in lateral view; apex truncate in caudal view; ventrally with membranous area extending halfway to apex (
<figureCitation box="[822,929,307,334]" captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
); dorsal margin of tegumen recurved caudad, extending to base of uncus; valve consisting of a simple, sickle-shaped, slightly laterally flattened process (
<figureCitation box="[684,811,378,404]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figs. 3a, 4a</figureCitation>
) extending dorso-caudally as far as uncus apex (in natural position); valve devoid of processes and lobes (
<figureCitation box="[1013,1093,413,439]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), or with small sub-basal process on dorsal margin of costa (
<figureCitation box="[812,895,448,474]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); lateral process of transtilla consisting of a poorly delineated, sclerotized region contiguous with membranous area dorso-laterad of anellus, forming shallow, rounded pyramidal prominences directed dorsad; saccus broadly u-shaped, length equalling ¾ height of genital capsule; juxta u-shaped and slightly convex ventro-caudally, very broad and shallow, about 5 × broader than height at midline (
<figureCitation box="[515,585,624,650]" captionStart="Figures 6-9" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[190,1070,820,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,799,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 6-9. Structural features of Leichosila. 6. L. talamanca, uncus (dorsal view); 7. L. wagneri, uncus (dorsal view); 8. L. talamanca, juxta; 9. L. talamanca, antenna (segments 14 18), ventral view (setae and cilia omitted except on segment 14)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810741/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); phallus unadorned and relatively stout, approximately 4 × as long as wide (
<figureCitation box="[505,640,659,686]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Figs. 3b, 4b</figureCitation>
); coecum strongly curved ventrad by 90°; vesica globose with four basal diverticula (
<figureCitation box="[619,704,695,722]" captionStart="Figures 3-5" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[162,1087,174,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3810737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
), total diameter equalling length of phallus; two diverticula positioned basally and left-laterad, adjacent to each other; two additional diverticula positioned ventro-basally and also adjacent to each other; left half of vesica scobinate, grading to smaller spicules on right side; ductus ejaculatorius positioned right laterad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis box="[185,315,871,897]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The name is feminine in gender, and is derived from the Greek stem for lichen,
<emphasis box="[267,336,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">leichos</emphasis>
, and the Latin for yellow ochre,
<emphasis box="[719,797,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">silaceus</emphasis>
, reflecting the odd yellowochre colour of the forewing bands, very unusual for an arctiine. Th is colour pattern is presumably cryptic on lichen-covered trees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,290,1011,1037]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
. Th e caudally recurved dorsal margin of the tegumen and lateral lobes of the 8
<superScript attach="left" box="[199,213,1046,1060]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">th</superScript>
sternite of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[344,450,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[344,450,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unique autapomorphies of the
<taxonomicName authority="(Schmidt 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Spilosomina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Spilosomina (
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" firstAuthor="Schmidt" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" refId="ref3514" refString="Schmidt BC (2007) Systematics of Grammia tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ph. D. thesis, Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta." type="book" year="2007">Schmidt 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The morphology of the male genitalia (valve prong-like and relatively simple, uncus broadly triangular) and wing shape/pattern place
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[845,951,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[845,951,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near the
<taxonomicName authority="Harris" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hyphantria</emphasis>
Harris
</taxonomicName>
group of genera, consisting of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[690,817,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[690,817,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hyphantria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “
<emphasis box="[847,1100,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[847,955,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Spilosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spilosoma</taxonomicName>
” (sensu lato)
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Grote" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" box="[140,305,1187,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Alexicles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,230,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Alexicles</emphasis>
Grote
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[314,519,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Estigmene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[314,422,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Estigmene</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
, and the “
<taxonomicName box="[631,763,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hypercompe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[631,763,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hypercompe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[780,914,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">permaculata</emphasis>
(Packard) group, although I could find no synapomorphies to suggest a possible sister genus. The filiform antenna and absence of dorsal abdominal markings are rare among all spilosomines, but this condition occurs in some
<taxonomicName box="[639,771,1294,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hypercompe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[639,771,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hypercompe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and
<taxonomicName authority="(Boisduval)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Spilosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
<emphasis box="[918,1107,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Spilosoma vagans</emphasis>
(Boisduval)
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. An incomplete barcode fragment (319 base pairs) of the
<emphasis box="[140,189,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">cox1</emphasis>
mtDNA gene of a single
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[491,637,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talamanca">
<emphasis box="[491,507,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[523,637,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">talamanca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen (Barcode of Life
<taxonomicName authority="System" authorityName="System" box="[955,1103,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Data" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Data System</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnasingham and Hebert" box="[140,506,1399,1425]" firstAuthor="Ratnasingham" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" pagination="355 - 364" refId="ref3487" refString="Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN (2007) BOLD: Th e Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355 - 364." type="journal article" year="2007">Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007</bibRefCitation>
) was approximately equally divergent from species of all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[176,303,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[176,303,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hyphantria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group genera by 5.6 % to 7 %. Th is level of divergence is congruent with the highly autapomorphic morphology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[680,786,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[680,786,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but unfortunately does not provide possible clues to generic relationships to the rest of the group. The
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[981,1108,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[981,1108,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Hyphantria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is restricted to Central and North America (except for
<taxonomicName authority="(Stretch)" baseAuthorityName="Stretch" box="[819,1108,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Estigmene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis box="[819,1003,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Estigmene albida</emphasis>
(Stretch)
</taxonomicName>
which occurs south to
<collectingCountry box="[405,523,1575,1602]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Colombia</collectingCountry>
), but
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[593,699,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[593,699,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more closely allied to this group than to Neotropical
<taxonomicName authority="Walker and Andean" authorityName="Walker and Andean" box="[376,696,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[376,461,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Paracles</emphasis>
Walker and Andean
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName box="[718,871,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Phragmatobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[718,871,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Phragmatobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” to which
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[1001,1107,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Leichosila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1001,1107,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Leichosila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows some superficial similarities but structurally it is quite different.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>