treatments-xml/data/B1/5D/87/B15D87DEFFABBE236EFBFEA90E1C9A0F.xml
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<document id="803D9ECC72FA20E13BE16283DC16925E" ID-CLB-Dataset="55729" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1763491" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb05d004-0f2d-44da-b91e-b6e8304ab2a5" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609148" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615924067624" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Naruse, Tohru &amp; Ng, Peter K. L." docDate="2020" docId="B15D87DEFFABBE236EFBFEA90E1C9A0F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.7-8.445-532.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (7 - 8)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1763491" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Geosesarma De Man 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="509" masterDocId="4D64FFA6FFEABE626F33FF9E0F509F28" masterDocTitle="Revision of the sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970, Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 and Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new genera and two new species" masterLastPageNumber="532" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="509" updateTime="1698933465109" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC7E3C46B88C2CF71AFFCA6F0BF88619">Revision of the sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970, Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 and Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new genera and two new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="394B36C8FFABBE236EFBFEA90C0B9E79" blockId="65.[456,859,311,337]" box="[456,859,311,337]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<heading id="620381A4FFABBE236EFBFEA90C0B9E79" box="[456,859,311,337]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236D29FEA90C0B9E79" ID-CoL="7P3H8" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[538,859,311,337]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236D29FEA90DE09E79" bold="true" box="[538,688,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236D8BFEA90C0B9E79" author="De Man JG" box="[696,859,311,337]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FE020E639E9E" bold="true" box="[160,307,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<typeStatus id="E64F886AFFABBE236F93FE020F889E9E" box="[160,216,412,438]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="394B36C8FFABBE236F93FE5E0E9F9ED3" blockId="65.[160,1155,412,507]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236F93FE5E0DE79EF1" ID-CoL="84HBY" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[160,695,448,473]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulifera" subGenus="Geosesarma">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FE5E0FAC9EF1" box="[160,252,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Sesarma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E3EFE5E0EC19EF1" box="[269,401,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E91FE5E0D409EF1" box="[418,528,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">nodulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236D2AFE5E0DE79EF1" author="De Man JG" box="[537,695,448,473]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236B30FE5E0E499ED3" author="Serene R &amp; Soh CL" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="387 - 416" refId="ref46714" refString="Serene R, Soh CL. 1970. New Indo-Pacific genera allied to Sesarma Say, 1817 (Brachyura, Decapoda, Crustacea). Treubia. 27 (4): 387 - 416." type="journal article" year="1970">Serène and Soh (1970)</bibRefCitation>
. Gender neuter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="71EE6543FFABBE236F93FDAB0E1C9A0F" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="394B36C8FFABBE236F93FDAB0E569D67" blockId="65.[160,1156,565,1319]" box="[160,262,565,591]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FDAB0E569D67" bold="true" box="[160,262,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="394B36C8FFABBE236F93FDC70EA49C37" blockId="65.[160,1156,565,1319]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236F93FDC70E169D5A" author="De Man JG" box="[160,326,601,626]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man (1892)</bibRefCitation>
established
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<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236EE0FDC70D079D5A" box="[467,599,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236C16FDC70CD19D5A" box="[805,897,601,626]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236C16FDC70CD19D5A" box="[805,897,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Sesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for small-sized species that carry a small number of large eggs (
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236DA0FDE50C659DBC" author="De Man JG" box="[659,821,635,660]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man 1892</bibRefCitation>
, p. 341). He mentioned the possession of large eggs for
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236EEAFD000EA29D9F" box="[473,498,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Se</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236ECEFD000C659D9F" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[509,821,670,695]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulifera" subGenus="Geosesarma">
(
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236D36FD000D469D9F" box="[517,534,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236D1BFD000DC69D9F" box="[552,662,670,695]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">nodulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236DAEFD000C659D9F" author="De Man JG" box="[669,821,670,695]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and two undescribed species, but not for
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E10FD5F0E6C9DF2" box="[291,316,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Se</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E63FD5F0E319DF2" box="[336,353,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E45FD5F0E819DF2" box="[374,465,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">sylvicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236EEAFD5F0D259DF2" author="De Man JG" box="[473,629,705,730]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
. One of the two unidentified species was later described as
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236E77FD7D0CD09DD4" authority="Ortmann, 1894" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[324,896,739,764]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nodulifera" variety="conferta">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E77FD7D0D4E9DD4" box="[324,542,739,764]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Sesarma nodulifera</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236D55FD7D0D909DD4" box="[614,704,739,764]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">conferta</emphasis>
Ortmann, 1894
</taxonomicName>
(now also placed in
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236F93FC980E749C37" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[160,292,774,799]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FC980E749C37" box="[160,292,774,799]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236E09FC980EB79C37" author="Ng PKL &amp; Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C" box="[314,487,774,799]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref44838" refString="Ng PKL, Schubart CD, Lukhaup C. 2015 b. New species of &quot; vampire crabs &quot; (Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from central Java, Indonesia, and the identity of Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera De Man, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Thoracotremata, Sesarmidae). Raffles Bull Zool. 63: 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="2015">Ng et al. 2015b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="394B36C8FFABBE236FF3FCB60E1C9A0F" blockId="65.[160,1156,565,1319]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236FF3FCB60E149C69" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[192,324,808,833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236FF3FCB60E149C69" box="[192,324,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently contains 56 species (
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236D94FCB60C069C69" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[679,854,808,833]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref44591" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D, Davie PJF. 2008 a. Systema Brachyurorum: part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bull Zool Suppl. 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al. 2008a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236C57FCB60CFA9C69" author="Ng PKL &amp; Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C" box="[868,938,808,833]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref44838" refString="Ng PKL, Schubart CD, Lukhaup C. 2015 b. New species of &quot; vampire crabs &quot; (Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from central Java, Indonesia, and the identity of Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera De Man, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Thoracotremata, Sesarmidae). Raffles Bull Zool. 63: 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="2015">2015b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236C8BFCB60F879C4C" author="Naruse T &amp; Jaafar Z" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref44028" refString="Naruse T, Jaafar Z. 2009. Geosesarma aedituens, a new terrestrial crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Bali, Indonesia. Raffles Bull Zool. 57 (1): 183 - 187." type="journal article" year="2009">Naruse and Jaafar 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236FD0FCD50E8F9C4C" author="Schubart CD &amp; Ng PKL" box="[227,479,843,868]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="615 - 619" refId="ref46481" refString="Schubart CD, Ng PKL. 2014. Two new species of land-dwelling crabs of the genus Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Thoracotremata: Sesarmidae) from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Raffles Bull Zool. 62: 615 - 619." type="journal article" year="2014">Schubart and Ng 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Ng 2015), and many of them are known to produce a small number of large eggs and to practise direct development (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236CB3FCF00CBC9CAF" author="Soh CL" box="[896,1004,878,903]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="357 - 370" refId="ref46869" refString="Soh CL. 1969. Abbreviated development of a non-marine crab, Sesarma (Geosesarma) peraccae (Brachyura; Grapsidae), from Singapore. J Zool Lond. 158: 357 - 370." type="journal article" year="1969">Soh 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236CC8FCF00F879C81" author="Ng PKL &amp; Tan CGS" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="390 - 395" refId="ref44991" refString="Ng PKL, Tan CGS. 1995. Geosesarma notophorum sp. nov. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae, Sesarminae), a terrestrial crab from Sumatra, with novel brooding behaviour. Crustaceana. 68 (3): 390 - 395. doi: 10.1163 / 156854095 X 01493" type="journal article" year="1995">Ng and Tan 1995</bibRefCitation>
). There are, however, some species that have a large number of small eggs [e.g.
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236F93FC2D0D239CE4" authority="(A. Milne-Edwards 1869)" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[160,627,947,972]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FC2D0E1A9CE4" box="[160,330,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G. angustifrons</emphasis>
(A.
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236EB2FC2D0D3A9CE4" author="Milne-Edwards A" box="[385,618,947,972]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="25 - 31" refId="ref43951" refString="Milne-Edwards A. 1869. Notes sur quelques nouvelles especes du genre Sesarma (Say). Nouv Arch Mus Hist Nat Paris. 5: 25 - 31." type="journal article" year="1869">Milne-Edwards 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236DB0FC2D0B1C9CE4" authority="Ng, Liu and Schubart, 2004" authorityName="Ng, Liu and Schubart" authorityYear="2004" box="[643,1100,947,972]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hednon">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236DB0FC2D0DA99CE4" box="[643,761,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G. hednon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236C35FC2D0B1C9CE4" author="Ng PKL &amp; Liu HC &amp; Schubart CD" box="[774,1100,947,972]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="239 - 249" refId="ref44790" refString="Ng PKL, Liu HC, Schubart CD. 2004. Geosesarma hednon, a new species of terrestrial crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Raffles Bull Zool. 52 (1): 239 - 249." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng, Liu and Schubart, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236F93FC480EA89CC7" authority="(De Man, 1892)" authorityName="Halmahera" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[160,504,982,1007]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Geosesamra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculatum">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236F93FC480E6E9CC7" box="[160,318,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G. maculatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236E7DFC480EA19CC7" author="De Man JG" box="[334,497,982,1007]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref41187" refString="De Man JG. 1892. Decapoden des indischen Archipels. In: Weber M, editor. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Vol. 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill; p. 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1892">De Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236D3BFC480D9E9CC7" author="Cai Y &amp; Ng PKL" box="[520,718,982,1007]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="665 - 695" refId="ref40229" refString="Cai Y, Ng PKL. 2001. The freshwater decapod crustaceans of Halmahera, Indonesia. J Crust Biol. 21 (3): 665 - 695. doi: 10.1163 / 20021975 - 99990167" type="journal article" year="2001">Cai and Ng 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236DEEFC480CB39CC7" author="Schubart CD &amp; Ng PKL" box="[733,995,982,1007]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="615 - 619" refId="ref46481" refString="Schubart CD, Ng PKL. 2014. Two new species of land-dwelling crabs of the genus Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Thoracotremata: Sesarmidae) from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Raffles Bull Zool. 62: 615 - 619." type="journal article" year="2014">Schubart and Ng 2014</bibRefCitation>
)].
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236B32FC480E409B39" author="Serene R &amp; Soh CL" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="387 - 416" refId="ref46714" refString="Serene R, Soh CL. 1970. New Indo-Pacific genera allied to Sesarma Say, 1817 (Brachyura, Decapoda, Crustacea). Treubia. 27 (4): 387 - 416." type="journal article" year="1970">Serène and Soh (1970</bibRefCitation>
, p. 403) also indicated the heterogeneous nature of the genus and questioned the generic position of
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236E9CFB850D059B1C" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[431,597,1051,1076]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E9CFB850D059B1C" box="[431,597,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">G. angustifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Remarks on
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236C10FB850CE09B1C" box="[803,944,1051,1076]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236C10FB850CE09B1C" box="[803,944,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Sc. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This issue is also noted in
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236E34FBA00D609B7F" author="Paulay G &amp; Starmer J" box="[263,560,1086,1111]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="19916" refId="ref45519" refString="Paulay G, Starmer J. 2011. Evolution, insular restriction, and extinction of oceanic land crabs, exemplified by the loss of an endemic Geograpsus in the Hawaiian Islands. PLoS One. 6 (5): e 19916. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0019916" type="journal article" year="2011">Paulay and Starmer (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236D0FFBA00DFA9B7F" author="Ng PKL" box="[572,682,1086,1111]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" refId="ref44269" refString="Ng PKL. 1988. The freshwater crabs of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore &amp; Shinglee Press." type="book" year="1988">Ng (1988)</bibRefCitation>
recognised three informal species groups within the
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236E2EFBFE0EF19B51" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[285,417,1120,1145]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236E2EFBFE0EF19B51" box="[285,417,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="41E37658FFABBE236D75FBFE0DF89B51" box="[582,680,1120,1145]" name="Malaysia" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, but there are clearly other groups in the genus (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="5D654B39FFABBE236E11FB1D0D139BB4" author="Manuel-Santos M &amp; Ng PKL &amp; Freitag H" box="[290,579,1155,1180]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref43171" refString="Manuel-Santos M, Ng PKL, Freitag H. 2016. Two new species of Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Palawan, the Philippines. Raffles Bull Zool. 64: 335 - 342." type="journal article" year="2016">Manuel-Santos et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, many
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236C10FB1D0CF79BB4" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[803,935,1155,1180]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236C10FB1D0CF79BB4" box="[803,935,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have never been studied or only poorly studied since their original descriptions, and access to their
<typeStatus id="E64F886AFFABBE236F93FB560F829BC9" box="[160,210,1224,1249]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">type</typeStatus>
material is not always easy, which makes it difficult to revise the genus. The two species here transferred from
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236EC1FB750D3E9A2C" authorityName=", Serene and Soh" authorityYear="1970" box="[498,622,1259,1284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Labuanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236EC1FB750D3E9A2C" box="[498,622,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Labuanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="10B357A1FFABBE236D45FB750DC19A2C" box="[630,657,1259,1284]" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to
<taxonomicName id="FEF44D4BFFABBE236D8BFB750C6C9A2C" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[696,828,1259,1284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="65" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B80EADAFFABBE236D8BFB750C6C9A2C" box="[696,828,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="509">Geosesarma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are examples of such poorly known species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>