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<document id="63DD05885731507B86E4032847FB8669" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5346.4.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390373" ID-ZooBank="820EDAAE-9B8C-44F4-B8A8-3CC94F3F4900" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1695985185948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hrycyna, Gabriela &amp; Graciolli, Gustavo" docDate="2023" docId="0B6E8790B22EFF8BCE84F91DFEBDFC81" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5346.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5346 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5346.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thyroptera Spix 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="396" masterDocId="F757FFE8B23AFF93CE13FFC9FFC2FFEC" masterDocTitle="Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny" masterLastPageNumber="402" masterPageNumber="372" pageNumber="392" updateTime="1695985901625" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="52639CAA1672C3E14F4494CFB090F1AE">Hershkovitzia (Diptera: Nycteribiidae): revision, phylogeny, and cophylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3789597AA457BEF9F383568B46B0A2D2">Hrycyna, Gabriela</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C06A6BAB34997AE0CA5AECB6EFF879EF">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociência, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="22C09478BBB7E21A662D2E4C0236B3DD">Graciolli, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="098A8304902A5EB305CB660C7AF2138C">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociência, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil ggraciolli @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1144 - 3486</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="18334BCACB81D93DC7C7E7BB1C5137B7" type="email">ggraciolli@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7EB60A7E4D35D953185F5D49DC3CA062">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65ED900F515626EC4E6AA4C728CDF120">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0B6E8790B22EFF8BCE84F91DFEBDFC81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B6E8790B22EFF8BCE84F91DFEBDFC81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B6E8790B22EFF8BCE84F91DFEBDFC81" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">
<subSubSection id="CBDD650DB22EFF87CE84F91DFE0AF902" box="[151,456,1747,1774]" pageId="20" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="83783686B22EFF87CE84F91DFE0AF902" blockId="20.[151,456,1747,1774]" box="[151,456,1747,1774]" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">
<heading id="D83081EAB22EFF87CE84F91DFE0AF902" bold="true" box="[151,456,1747,1774]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="392" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22EFF87CE84F91DFE0AF902" bold="true" box="[151,456,1747,1774]" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">
Phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22EFF87CF52F91AFE0AF902" ID-CoL="7WMH" ID-ENA="124758" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[321,456,1747,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="392" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22EFF87CF52F91AFE0AF902" bold="true" box="[321,456,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">Thyroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBDD650DB22EFF8BCE84F8D5FEBDFC81" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="20" pageNumber="392" type="description">
<paragraph id="83783686B22EFF87CE84F8D5FE9BF82A" blockId="20.[151,1436,1820,1990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">
Our search resulted in only one most parsimonious tree (
<figureCitation id="1BFC2A03B22EFF87CD02F8D5FCA0F8DA" box="[785,866,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,193,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[173,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for Thyroptera Spix, 1823. A. Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=64, CI=62, RI=61). B. Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390398/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="392">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The genus was monophyletic, supported by eight synapomorphies (2:1; 3:1; 5:1; 6:1; 10:1; 16:1; 22:2 and 23:1) in addition to one homoplasy (1:1). The character states of each species are shown in
<tableCitation id="CE45033DB22EFF87CC34F8ADFDBCF892" box="[551,638,1892,1918]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Matrix of morphological characters used in the cladistic analysis of Thyroptera Spix, 1823; a hyphen (-) represents inapplicable data." pageId="20" pageNumber="392">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Bootstrap support was robust for the genus (&gt; 70%). The decay index (Bremer support) showed similar values: support for clades of the internal group was low (1), whereas it was high (8) for the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D7B8660EB22FFF86CE84F85EFB85F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390396/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="393" startId="21.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1408,193,1898]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="83783686B22FFF86CE84F85EFB85F81B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1943,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22FFF86CE84F85EFEE3F843" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="393">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22FFF86CCFEF85EFC11F843" authority="Guimar" authorityName="Guimaraes &amp; D'Andretta" authorityYear="1956" box="[749,979,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Hershkovitzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22FFF86CCFEF85EFCB8F843" box="[749,890,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="393">Hershkovitzia</emphasis>
Guimar
</taxonomicName>
„es &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22FFF86CA00F85EFB09F843" author="D'Andretta, M. A. V." box="[1043,1227,1943,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="393" pagination="127 - 138" refId="ref19442" refString="Guimar &quot; es, L. P. &amp; D'Andretta, M. A. V. (1956) Sinopse dos Nycteribiidae (Diptera) do Novo Mundo. Arquivos de Zoologia, 9, 127 - 138." type="journal article" year="1956">D’Andretta, 1956</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22FFF86CAC5F85EFB2DF843" bold="true" box="[1238,1263,1943,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="393">A.</emphasis>
Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=51, CI=72, RI=81).
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22FFF86CD49F872FCB0F83F" bold="true" box="[858,882,1979,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="393">B.</emphasis>
Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D7B8660EB22CFF85CE84F85EFCC1F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390398/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="394" startId="22.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[173,1415,193,1898]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="83783686B22CFF85CE84F85EFCC1F81B" blockId="22.[151,1436,1943,2039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22CFF85CE84F85EFEDDF843" bold="true" box="[151,287,1943,1967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="394">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Most parsimonious cladogram obtained for
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22CFF85CCF7F85EFC0FF843" authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[740,973,1943,1967]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22CFF85CCF7F85EFC97F843" box="[740,853,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="394">Thyroptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22CFF85CD4FF85EFC0FF843" author="Spix, J." box="[860,973,1943,1967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="394" refId="ref22013" refString="Spix, J. (1823) n. k. In: Simiarum et vespertilionum brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des especes nouvelles de singes et de chauve-souris observees et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'interieur du Bresil execute par ordre de S. M. le Roi de Baviere dans les annees 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Typis Francisci Seraphici H ¸ bschmanni, Monachii [Munich], pp. 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 153190" type="journal volume" year="1823">Spix, 1823</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22CFF85CDC4F85EFC32F843" bold="true" box="[983,1008,1943,1967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="394">A.</emphasis>
Cladogram with DELTRAN optimization of the characters (L=64, CI=62, RI=61).
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22CFF85CC25F872FD8FF83F" bold="true" box="[566,589,1979,2003]" pageId="22" pageNumber="394">B.</emphasis>
Same, with numbers above the branches indicating Bootstrap support and numbers below the branches indicating decay index (Bremer support).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D7B8660EB22DFF84CE84F934FCAFF825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8390402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8390402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8390402/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" startId="23.[151,250,1789,1813]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1766]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="83783686B22DFF84CE84F934FCAFF825" blockId="23.[151,1437,1789,1994]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CE84F934FEDDF8FA" bold="true" box="[151,287,1789,1814]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Hypothetical coevolutionary scenarios linking species of
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CD70F937FC16F8FA" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[867,980,1790,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CD70F937FC16F8FA" box="[867,980,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">Thyroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pix, 1823 with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CA7CF937FF0FF8D6" authority="Theodor, 1967" authorityName="Theodor" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Hershkovitzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeca">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CA7CF937FAFEF8F9" box="[1135,1340,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">Hershkovitzia coeca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CB52F937FF0FF8D6" author="Theodor, O." pageId="23" pageNumber="395" pagination="345 - 352" refId="ref22284" refString="Theodor, O. (1967) An illustrated catalogue of the Rothschild collection of Nycteribiidae (Diptera) in the British Museum (Natural History) with keys and short descriptions for the identifications of subfamilies, genera, species and subspecies. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 345 - 352." type="book chapter" year="1967">Theodor, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CEC6F8E8FF2CF8D5" bold="true" box="[213,238,1825,1849]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">A.</emphasis>
Tanglegram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CFB2F8EBFC07F8D6" authority="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons, 2014" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[417,965,1826,1850]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CFB2F8EBFDD0F8D5" box="[417,530,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. wynneae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CC05F8EBFC07F8D6" author="Velazco, P. M. &amp; Gregorin, R. &amp; Voss, R. S. &amp; Simmons, N. B." box="[534,965,1826,1850]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref22402" refString="Velazco, P. M., Gregorin, R., Voss, R. S. &amp; Simmons, N. B. (2014) Extraordinary local diversity of disk-winged bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in Northeastern Peru, with the description of a new species and comments on roosting behavior. American Museum Novitates, 3795, 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 3795.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CDDFF8EBFC26F8D6" bold="true" box="[972,996,1826,1850]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">B.</emphasis>
Trillogram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CA9FF8EBFB3EF8D5" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[1164,1276,1826,1849]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CA9FF8EBFB3EF8D5" box="[1164,1276,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. wynneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CB14F8E8FADDF8D5" bold="true" box="[1287,1311,1825,1849]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">C.</emphasis>
Tanglegram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CEDFF88FFDBAF8B2" authority="(Lichtenstein &amp; Peters, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[204,632,1862,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discifera">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CEDFF88FFEFDF8B2" box="[204,319,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. discifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CF5FF88FFDADF8B2" author="Lichtenstein, H. &amp; Peters, W." box="[332,623,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" pagination="89 - 95" refId="ref19846" refString="Lichtenstein, H. &amp; Peters, W. (1855) Abhandlungen der K ˆ niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Realschul- Buchhandlung, Berlin, pp. 89 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1855">Lichtenstein &amp; Peters, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CC91F88FFD59F8B2" bold="true" box="[642,667,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">D.</emphasis>
Trillogram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CD59F88FFC7FF8B2" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[842,957,1862,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discifera">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CD59F88FFC7FF8B2" box="[842,957,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. discifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CDD8F88FFC20F8B2" bold="true" box="[971,994,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">E.</emphasis>
Tanglegram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CA8EF88FFABCF8B2" authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[1181,1406,1862,1886]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CA8EF88FFAC6F8B2" box="[1181,1284,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. tricolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CB1FF88FFABCF8B2" author="Spix, J." box="[1292,1406,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" refId="ref22013" refString="Spix, J. (1823) n. k. In: Simiarum et vespertilionum brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des especes nouvelles de singes et de chauve-souris observees et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'interieur du Bresil execute par ordre de S. M. le Roi de Baviere dans les annees 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Typis Francisci Seraphici H ¸ bschmanni, Monachii [Munich], pp. 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 153190" type="journal volume" year="1823">Spix, 1823</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CB9AF88FFA5EF8B2" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1862,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">F.</emphasis>
Trillogram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CF57F8A3FE6FF86E" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[324,429,1898,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CF57F8A3FE6FF86E" box="[324,429,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CFAEF8A0FE15F86D" bold="true" box="[445,471,1897,1921]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">G.</emphasis>
Tanglegram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CC8AF8A3FB6FF86E" authority="Gregorin, Goncalves &amp; Engstrom, 2006" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" box="[665,1197,1898,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CC8AF8A3FD3CF86E" box="[665,766,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. devivoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CD1BF8A3FB6FF86E" author="Gregorin, R. &amp; Goncalves, E. &amp; Lim, B. K. &amp; Engstrom, M. D." box="[776,1197,1898,1922]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" pagination="238 - 246" refId="ref19278" refString="Gregorin, R., Goncalves, E., Lim, B. K. &amp; Engstrom, M. D. (2006) New species of disk-winged bat Thyroptera and range extension for T. discifera. Journal of Mammalogy, 87 (2), 238 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / 05 - MAMM-A- 125 R 1 R 1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Gregorin, Gonçalves &amp; Engstrom, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CAA9F8A3FB16F86E" bold="true" box="[1210,1236,1898,1922]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">H.</emphasis>
Trillogram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CB99F8A3FF22F84A" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CB99F8A3FF22F84A" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. devivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CEFEF847FF3FF84A" bold="true" box="[237,253,1934,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">I.</emphasis>
Tanglegram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CFA6F847FDBFF84A" authority="Pine, 1993" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[437,637,1934,1958]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CFA6F847FDC5F84A" box="[437,519,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. lavali</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B22DFF84CC1EF847FDBFF84A" author="Pine, R. H." box="[525,637,1934,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" pagination="213 - 225" refId="ref21118" refString="Pine, R. H. (1993) A new species of Thyroptera Spix (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Thyropteridae) from the Amazon Basin of northeastern Peru. Mammalia, 57 (2), 213 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 1993.57.2.213" type="journal article" year="1993">Pine, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CC95F847FD5BF84A" bold="true" box="[646,665,1934,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">J.</emphasis>
Trillogram with
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B22DFF84CD56F847FC5AF84A" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[837,920,1934,1958]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B22DFF84CD56F847FC5AF84A" box="[837,920,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="395">T. lavali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Symbols: hollow circle = cospeciation; Full circle = duplication; Arrow = duplication and host switch; Dotted line = Loss.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D7B8660EB222FF8BCE84FF5EFE05FF3F" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" startId="24.[151,239,151,175]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="83783686B222FF8BCE84FF5EFE05FF3F" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,211]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCE84FF5EFECFFF43" bold="true" box="[151,269,151,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Matrix of morphological characters used in the cladistic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCA18FF5EFAC7FF5C" authority="Spix, 1823" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[1035,1285,151,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCA18FF5EFB40FF43" box="[1035,1154,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">Thyroptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B222FF8BCA9FFF5EFAC7FF5C" author="Spix, J." box="[1164,1285,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" refId="ref22013" refString="Spix, J. (1823) n. k. In: Simiarum et vespertilionum brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des especes nouvelles de singes et de chauve-souris observees et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'interieur du Bresil execute par ordre de S. M. le Roi de Baviere dans les annees 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Typis Francisci Seraphici H ¸ bschmanni, Monachii [Munich], pp. 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 153190" type="journal volume" year="1823">Spix, 1823</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; a hyphen (-) represents inapplicable data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="83783686B222FF8BCEB0FF2DFA4BFDCF" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<table id="F1C7C426B222006CCEB0FF2DFA4CFDCF" box="[163,1422,228,547]" gridcols="26" gridrows="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FF2DFA4CFF1B" box="[163,1422,228,247]" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCEB0FF2DFEEAFF1B" box="[163,296,228,247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FF2DFF27FF1B" bold="true" box="[163,229,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FF2DFE97FF1B" box="[330,341,228,247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCF59FF2DFE97FF1B" bold="true" box="[330,341,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCF67FF2DFEBDFF1B" bold="true" box="[372,383,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCF8FFF2DFE65FF1B" box="[412,423,228,247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCF8FFF2DFE65FF1B" bold="true" box="[412,423,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCFD7FF2DFE0DFF1B" box="[452,463,228,247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCFD7FF2DFE0DFF1B" bold="true" box="[452,463,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">3</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCFFFFF2DFE35FF1B" box="[492,503,228,247]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCFFFFF2DFE35FF1B" bold="true" box="[492,503,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">4</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCC00FF2DFDDCFF1B" box="[531,542,228,247]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC00FF2DFDDCFF1B" bold="true" box="[531,542,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">5</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCC28FF2DFD84FF1B" box="[571,582,228,247]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC28FF2DFD84FF1B" bold="true" box="[571,582,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">6</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC77FF2DFDADFF1B" bold="true" box="[612,623,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">7</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC9FFF2DFD55FF1B" bold="true" box="[652,663,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">8</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCCA1FF2DFD7FFF1B" bold="true" box="[690,701,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">9</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCCC5FF2DFD29FF1B" bold="true" box="[726,747,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">10</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCD15FF2DFCD8FF1B" bold="true" box="[774,794,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">11</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCD26FF2DFC88FF1B" bold="true" box="[821,842,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">12</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCD76FF2DFCB8FF1B" bold="true" box="[869,890,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">13</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCDD0FF2DFC1AFF1B" bold="true" box="[963,984,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">15</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCDE0FF2DFBCAFF1B" box="[1011,1032,228,247]" gridcol="17" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCDE0FF2DFBCAFF1B" bold="true" box="[1011,1032,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">16</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCA30FF2DFBFAFF1B" box="[1059,1080,228,247]" gridcol="18" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCA30FF2DFBFAFF1B" bold="true" box="[1059,1080,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">17</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCA47FF2DFBABFF1B" box="[1108,1129,228,247]" gridcol="19" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCA47FF2DFBABFF1B" bold="true" box="[1108,1129,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">18</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCA97FF2DFB5BFF1B" bold="true" box="[1156,1177,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">19</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCAA7FF2DFB0BFF1B" bold="true" box="[1204,1225,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">20</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCB05FF2DFAE9FF1B" bold="true" box="[1302,1323,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">22</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCB5BFF2DFA9FFF1B" box="[1352,1373,228,247]" gridcol="24" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCB5BFF2DFA9FFF1B" bold="true" box="[1352,1373,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">23</emphasis>
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<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFF2DFA4CFF1B" box="[1401,1422,228,247]" gridcol="25" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCB6AFF2DFA4CFF1B" bold="true" box="[1401,1422,228,247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">24</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FEC3FA4CFEF1" box="[163,1422,266,285]" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCEB0FEC3FEEAFEF1" box="[163,296,266,285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FEC3FEEAFEF1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[163,296,266,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Natalidae" genus="Natalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumidirostris">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FEC3FEEAFEF1" box="[163,296,266,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">N. tumidirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFEC3FA4CFEF1" box="[1401,1422,266,285]" gridcol="25" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FEE6FA4CFEAF" box="[163,1422,303,323]" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCEB0FEE6FEEAFEAF" box="[163,296,303,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FEF9FECAFEAE" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1877" box="[163,264,303,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Furipteridae" genus="Amorphochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schnablii">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FEF9FECAFEAE" box="[163,264,303,323]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">A. schnablii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
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<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FE9CFF3BFE84" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[163,249,341,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Furipteridae" genus="Furipterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horrens">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FE9CFF3BFE84" box="[163,249,341,360]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">F. horrens</emphasis>
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</th>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFE9CFA4CFE84" box="[1401,1422,341,360]" gridcol="25" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">-</td>
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<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FEB3FA4CFE61" box="[163,1422,378,397]" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
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<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FEB2FEC0FE61" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[163,258,378,397]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discifera">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FEB2FEC0FE61" box="[163,258,378,397]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. discifera</emphasis>
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</th>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FEB3FE97FE61" box="[330,341,378,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCFFFFEB3FE35FE61" box="[492,503,378,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC00FEB3FDDCFE61" box="[531,542,378,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA30FEB3FBFAFE61" box="[1059,1080,378,397]" gridcol="18" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
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<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FE69FA4CFE5F" box="[163,1422,416,435]" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
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<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FE69FF3AFE5F" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[163,248,416,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FE69FF3AFE5F" box="[163,248,416,435]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FE69FE97FE5F" box="[330,341,416,435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
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</tr>
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FE0CFA4CFE34" box="[163,1422,453,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
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<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FE0FFF2AFE34" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[163,232,453,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FE0FFF2AFE34" box="[163,232,453,472]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. lavali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FE0CFE97FE34" box="[330,341,453,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC9FFE0CFD55FE34" box="[652,663,453,472]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCA1FE0CFD7FFE34" box="[690,701,453,472]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCC5FE0CFD29FE34" box="[726,747,453,472]" gridcol="11" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD15FE0CFCD8FE34" box="[774,794,453,472]" gridcol="12" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
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<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCDE0FE0CFBCAFE34" box="[1011,1032,453,472]" gridcol="17" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA30FE0CFBFAFE34" box="[1059,1080,453,472]" gridcol="18" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA47FE0CFBABFE34" box="[1108,1129,453,472]" gridcol="19" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA97FE0CFB5BFE34" box="[1156,1177,453,472]" gridcol="20" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAA7FE0CFB0BFE34" box="[1204,1225,453,472]" gridcol="21" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAF7FE0CFB3BFE34" box="[1252,1273,453,472]" gridcol="22" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB05FE0CFAE9FE34" box="[1302,1323,453,472]" gridcol="23" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB5BFE0CFA9FFE34" box="[1352,1373,453,472]" gridcol="24" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFE0CFA4CFE34" box="[1401,1422,453,472]" gridcol="25" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FE22FA4CFE12" box="[163,1422,491,510]" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCEB0FE22FEEAFE12" box="[163,296,491,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FE22FF37FE12" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" box="[163,245,491,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FE22FF37FE12" box="[163,245,491,510]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. devivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FE22FE97FE12" box="[330,341,491,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF67FE22FEBDFE12" box="[372,383,491,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF8FFE22FE65FE12" box="[412,423,491,510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCFD7FE22FE0DFE12" box="[452,463,491,510]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCFFFFE22FE35FE12" box="[492,503,491,510]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC00FE22FDDCFE12" box="[531,542,491,510]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC28FE22FD84FE12" box="[571,582,491,510]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC77FE22FDADFE12" box="[612,623,491,510]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC9FFE22FD55FE12" box="[652,663,491,510]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCA1FE22FD7FFE12" box="[690,701,491,510]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCC5FE22FD29FE12" box="[726,747,491,510]" gridcol="11" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD15FE22FCD8FE12" box="[774,794,491,510]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD26FE22FC88FE12" box="[821,842,491,510]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD76FE22FCB8FE12" box="[869,890,491,510]" gridcol="14" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD86FE22FC68FE12" box="[917,938,491,510]" gridcol="15" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCDD0FE22FC1AFE12" box="[963,984,491,510]" gridcol="16" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCDE0FE22FBCAFE12" box="[1011,1032,491,510]" gridcol="17" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA30FE22FBFAFE12" box="[1059,1080,491,510]" gridcol="18" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA47FE22FBABFE12" box="[1108,1129,491,510]" gridcol="19" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA97FE22FB5BFE12" box="[1156,1177,491,510]" gridcol="20" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAA7FE22FB0BFE12" box="[1204,1225,491,510]" gridcol="21" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">?</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAF7FE22FB3BFE12" box="[1252,1273,491,510]" gridcol="22" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB05FE22FAE9FE12" box="[1302,1323,491,510]" gridcol="23" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB5BFE22FA9FFE12" box="[1352,1373,491,510]" gridcol="24" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFE22FA4CFE12" box="[1401,1422,491,510]" gridcol="25" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3DF734C4B222006CCEB0FDD9FA4CFDCF" box="[163,1422,528,547]" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<th id="7E265DB8B222006CCEB0FDD9FEEAFDCF" box="[163,296,528,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCEB0FDD8FEC0FDCF" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[163,258,529,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCEB0FDD8FEC0FDCF" box="[163,258,529,547]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. wynneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF59FDD9FE97FDCF" box="[330,341,528,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF67FDD9FEBDFDCF" box="[372,383,528,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCF8FFDD9FE65FDCF" box="[412,423,528,547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCFD7FDD9FE0DFDCF" box="[452,463,528,547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCFFFFDD9FE35FDCF" box="[492,503,528,547]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC00FDD9FDDCFDCF" box="[531,542,528,547]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC28FDD9FD84FDCF" box="[571,582,528,547]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC77FDD9FDADFDCF" box="[612,623,528,547]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCC9FFDD9FD55FDCF" box="[652,663,528,547]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCA1FDD9FD7FFDCF" box="[690,701,528,547]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCCC5FDD9FD29FDCF" box="[726,747,528,547]" gridcol="11" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD15FDD9FCD8FDCF" box="[774,794,528,547]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD26FDD9FC88FDCF" box="[821,842,528,547]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD76FDD9FCB8FDCF" box="[869,890,528,547]" gridcol="14" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">3</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCD86FDD9FC68FDCF" box="[917,938,528,547]" gridcol="15" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCDD0FDD9FC1AFDCF" box="[963,984,528,547]" gridcol="16" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">0</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCDE0FDD9FBCAFDCF" box="[1011,1032,528,547]" gridcol="17" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA30FDD9FBFAFDCF" box="[1059,1080,528,547]" gridcol="18" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA47FDD9FBABFDCF" box="[1108,1129,528,547]" gridcol="19" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCA97FDD9FB5BFDCF" box="[1156,1177,528,547]" gridcol="20" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAA7FDD9FB0BFDCF" box="[1204,1225,528,547]" gridcol="21" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCAF7FDD9FB3BFDCF" box="[1252,1273,528,547]" gridcol="22" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB05FDD9FAE9FDCF" box="[1302,1323,528,547]" gridcol="23" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">2</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB5BFDD9FA9FFDCF" box="[1352,1373,528,547]" gridcol="24" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="7E265DB8B222006CCB6AFDD9FA4CFDCF" box="[1401,1422,528,547]" gridcol="25" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83783686B222FF8BCED4FDB2FEBDFC81" blockId="24.[151,1437,634,877]" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">
Our phylogenetic analysis resulted in
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCC68FDB2FD1BFD78" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[635,729,634,660]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC68FDB2FD1BFD78" box="[635,729,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. lavali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCD07FDB2FC41FD78" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" box="[788,899,634,660]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCD07FDB2FC41FD78" box="[788,899,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. devivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister species, as found also by
<bibRefCitation id="E7564B77B222FF8BCB09FDB3FECEFD54" author="Gregorin, R. &amp; Goncalves, E. &amp; Lim, B. K. &amp; Engstrom, M. D." pageId="24" pageNumber="396" pagination="238 - 246" refId="ref19278" refString="Gregorin, R., Goncalves, E., Lim, B. K. &amp; Engstrom, M. D. (2006) New species of disk-winged bat Thyroptera and range extension for T. discifera. Journal of Mammalogy, 87 (2), 238 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / 05 - MAMM-A- 125 R 1 R 1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">
Gregorin
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCB9BFDB2FF76FD54" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
. The clade was supported by one synapomorphy (0:2—short dorsal hair between shoulders) and one homoplasy (7:0—low and less globular shape of braincase). The closest species to the pair was
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCAF1FD0AFAA3FD30" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[1250,1377,707,732]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCAF1FD0AFAA3FD30" box="[1250,1377,707,732]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. wynneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The clade formed by
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCF45FD2EFE70FCEC" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[342,434,742,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCF45FD2EFE70FCEC" box="[342,434,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. lavali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCFD3FD2EFDEFFCEC" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" box="[448,557,742,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCFD3FD2EFDEFFCEC" box="[448,557,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. devivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCC7FFD2EFD28FCEC" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[620,746,743,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCC7FFD2EFD28FCEC" box="[620,746,743,768]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. wynneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was supported by six synapomorphies (0:1; 11:1; 14:2; 18:1; 19:1; and 24:1).
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCF58FCC3FDE6FCC8" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[331,548,778,804]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCF58FCC3FDE6FCC8" box="[331,548,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the closest species to the clade
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCDBFFCC2FBC4FCC8" authorityName="Pine" authorityYear="1993" box="[940,1030,778,804]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavali">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCDBFFCC2FBC4FCC8" box="[940,1030,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. lavali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCA33FCC2FB49FCC8" authorityName="Gregorin, Goncalves, Lim &amp; Engstrom" authorityYear="2006" box="[1056,1163,778,804]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="devivoi">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCA33FCC2FB49FCC8" box="[1056,1163,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. devivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCAB5FCC2FAE3FCC8" authorityName="Velazco, Gregorin, Voss &amp; Simmons" authorityYear="2014" box="[1190,1313,779,804]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wynneae">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCAB5FCC2FAE3FCC8" box="[1190,1313,779,804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">T. wynneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supported by two synapomorphies (1:2 and 12:1) and two homoplasies (8:1 and 15:0).
<taxonomicName id="44C74D05B222FF8BCDF1FCE7FB05FCA4" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein &amp; Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[994,1223,814,840]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discifera">
<emphasis id="B1B3EA94B222FF8BCDF1FCE7FB05FCA4" box="[994,1223,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="396">Thyroptera discifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the most basal species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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