treatments-xml/data/03/F1/7E/03F17E4CFF9EFFD6FF30FE6DFAE35D9D.xml

<document id="E6AEB9A18440D126549B23C608B8658F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.4.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="38898" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="907706ea-f5d6-4f8f-91f2-1083a6687b6e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265069" ID-ZooBank="D6F1D690-31AC-47AD-A81C-25FC823599DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465540519402" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fedyaeva, Maria A., Neretina, Tatjana V., Konovalova, Olga P. &amp; Tchesunov, Alexei V." docDate="2016" docId="03F17E4CFF9EFFD6FF30FE6DFAE35D9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4121.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4121 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epsilonema steineri Chitwood 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="406" masterDocId="FFC80634FF8FFFCEFFA7F91EFF935C31" masterDocTitle="Two known and one new species of Draconematidae and Epsilonematidae (Nematoda, Desmodorida) from the White Sea, North Russia" masterLastPageNumber="411" masterPageNumber="383" pageNumber="400" updateTime="1698662812831" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D952034CF048CAC20B0936DFEFBAFFDB">Two known and one new species of Draconematidae and Epsilonematidae (Nematoda, Desmodorida) from the White Sea, North Russia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D65E71FBDCB72EA0721332EA07C266">Fedyaeva, Maria A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF431ED3B6D83159DAECB04E4ADFAB27">Neretina, Tatjana V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4240AEEB3099BA964D2BC7326920B68">Konovalova, Olga P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="284DD7C638E6F0240B3EE3AFE687CE66">Tchesunov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F17E4CFF9EFFD6FF30FE6DFAE35D9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120826951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F17E4CFF9EFFD6FF30FE6DFAE35D9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F17E4CFF9EFFD6FF30FE6DFAE35D9D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">
<subSubSection id="C3429CD1FF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFDA15B9E" pageId="17" pageNumber="400" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFDC15BBF" blockId="17.[151,594,1907,1967]" box="[151,594,1907,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AF7836FF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFDC15BBF" bold="true" box="[151,594,1907,1934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="400" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFDC15BBF" authority="Chitwood, 1935" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,594,1907,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="17" pageNumber="400" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFDC15BBF" bold="true" box="[151,594,1907,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9EFFDFFF30FE6DFE1B5BBC" bold="true" box="[151,392,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9EFFDFFE29FE6AFDC15BBF" author="Chitwood" box="[398,594,1908,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400" refString="Chitwood, B. G. (1935) Nomenclatorial notes I. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 2, 51 - 54." type="journal article" year="1935">Chitwood, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9EFFDFFF30FE88FDA15B9E" blockId="17.[151,594,1907,1967]" box="[151,562,1942,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9EFFDFFF30FE88FE9B5B9E" box="[151,264,1942,1967]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionStartId-3="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1424,492,1853]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1321,201,1932]" captionTargetBox-2="[289,1273,205,1946]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[151,1435,481,1862]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[253,1336,193,1934]" captionTargetId-2="figure@22.[289,1285,193,1956]" captionTargetId-3="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Epsilonema steineri, entire. A: male; B: female. Scale bars 100 Μ m." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Epsilonema steineri, details. A: male anterior body; B: female anterior body; C: female posterior body with reproductive system; D: male posterior body. Scale bars 50 µ m." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Epsilonema steineri, variability of male cuticular spines (arrows). Scale bar 50 µ m." captionText-3="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/265075/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/265076/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/265077/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
, Table 4 (morphometrics).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3429CD1FF9EFFDDFF30FEC7FDBB5CC9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="402" pageId="17" pageNumber="400" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9EFFDFFF30FEC7FDAD5BC3" blockId="17.[151,574,2009,2034]" box="[151,574,2009,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9EFFDFFF30FEC7FE955BC3" bold="true" box="[151,262,2009,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="400">Material.</emphasis>
Ten males and ten females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9DFFDCFFD0FB6AF89C5A6A" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<table id="F9583DFAFF9D0031FFD0FB6AF8B95A6A" box="[119,1834,628,1627]" colsContinueFrom="12.[131,1887,560,1671]" gridcols="7" gridrows="30" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
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<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FB6AFD465EB9" box="[119,725,628,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFFD0FB6AFF445EB9" bold="true" box="[119,215,628,648]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE27FB6AFDA65EB6" box="[384,565,628,648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9DFFDCFE27FB6AFDA25EB6" box="[384,561,628,648]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">Epsilonema steineri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</th>
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<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FBBCFD465E87" box="[119,725,674,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFFD0FBBCFD465E87" bold="true" box="[119,725,674,694]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Character Males, n=10</emphasis>
</th>
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<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFA92FBBCFA295E87" bold="true" box="[1333,1466,674,694]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">Females, n=10</emphasis>
</td>
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<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FBDAF8B95EE9" box="[119,1834,708,728]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FBDAFD465EE9" box="[119,725,708,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFDC4FBDAFD295EE9" bold="true" box="[611,698,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">min—max</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFBDAFCCF5EE9" box="[809,860,708,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFC8EFBDAFCCF5EE9" bold="true" box="[809,860,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFBDAFB805EE9" box="[1005,1043,708,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFC4AFBDAFB9A5EE9" bold="true" box="[1005,1033,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFBDAFB4F5EE9" box="[1180,1244,708,728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFB3BFBDAFB4F5EE9" bold="true" box="[1180,1244,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">CV, %</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FBDAF9855EE9" box="[1333,1558,708,728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFA92FBDAF9855EE9" bold="true" box="[1333,1558,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">min— max mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FBDAF91F5EE9" box="[1638,1676,708,728]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCF9C1FBDAF9115EE9" bold="true" box="[1638,1666,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">SD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFBDAF8B95EE9" box="[1769,1834,708,728]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCF94EFBDAF8B95EE9" bold="true" box="[1769,1834,708,728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">CV, %</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FBFAF8B95EC9" box="[119,1834,740,760]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FBFAFD465EC9" box="[119,725,740,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
L, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF28FBFBFF0F5EC6" box="[143,156,741,759]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 276 454
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFBFAFCCF5EC9" box="[809,860,740,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">365</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFBFAFB805EC9" box="[1005,1043,740,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">51.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFBFAFB4F5EC9" box="[1180,1244,740,760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">14.1</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FBFAF9855EC9" box="[1333,1558,740,760]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">323 440 381</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FBFAF91F5EC9" box="[1638,1676,740,760]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">41.7</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFBFAF8B95EC9" box="[1769,1834,740,760]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FA1AF8B95F29" box="[119,1834,772,792]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FA1AFD465F29" box="[119,725,772,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">a 11.0 15.1</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFA1AFCCF5F29" box="[809,860,772,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">13.1</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFA1AFB805F29" box="[1005,1043,772,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.41</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFA1AFB4F5F29" box="[1180,1244,772,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.7</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FA1AF9855F29" box="[1333,1558,772,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.22 12.2 10.7</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FA1AF91F5F29" box="[1638,1676,772,792]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.24</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFA1AF8B95F29" box="[1769,1834,772,792]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FA3DF8B95F64" box="[119,1834,803,853]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FA3DFD465F64" box="[119,725,803,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">b 5.30 7.13 c 7.26 9.08</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFA3DFCCF5F64" box="[809,860,803,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.22 8.17</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFA3DFB805F64" box="[1005,1043,803,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.60 0.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFA3DFB4F5F64" box="[1180,1244,803,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.75 6.23</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FA3DF9855F64" box="[1333,1558,803,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">5.11 6.19 5.65 8.20 10.5 9.35</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FA3DF91F5F64" box="[1638,1676,803,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.37 0.91</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFA3DF8B95F64" box="[1769,1834,803,853]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.59 9.72</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FA7EF8B95F45" box="[119,1834,864,884]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FA7EFD465F45" box="[119,725,864,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">V, %</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FA7EF9855F45" box="[1333,1558,864,884]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">57.8 67.3 62.6</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FA7EF91F5F45" box="[1638,1676,864,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">3.02</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFA7EF8B95F45" box="[1769,1834,864,884]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">4.82</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FA61F8B95FA2" box="[119,1834,895,915]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FA61FD465FA2" box="[119,725,895,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">c̍ 1.72 2.40</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFA61FCCF5FA2" box="[809,860,895,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.06</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFA61FB805FA2" box="[1005,1043,895,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.22</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFA61FB4F5FA2" box="[1180,1244,895,915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.8</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FA61F9855FA2" box="[1333,1558,895,915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.87 2.82 2.35</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FA61F91F5FA2" box="[1638,1676,895,915]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.29</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFA61F8B95FA2" box="[1769,1834,895,915]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FA80F8B95F83" box="[119,1834,926,946]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FA80FD465F83" box="[119,725,926,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.c.s., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF77FA81FF4E5F80" box="[208,221,927,945]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 8.00 11.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFA80FCCF5F83" box="[809,860,926,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFA80FB805F83" box="[1005,1043,926,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.98</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFA80FB4F5F83" box="[1180,1244,926,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.3</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FA80F9855F83" box="[1333,1558,926,946]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.20 10.0 9.10</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FA80F91F5F83" box="[1638,1676,926,946]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.63</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFA80F8B95F83" box="[1769,1834,926,946]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.98</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FAA3F8B95FE0" box="[119,1834,957,977]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FAA3FD465FE0" box="[119,725,957,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.am., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF74FAA0FF735FE1" box="[211,224,958,976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 11.0 14.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFAA3FCCF5FE0" box="[809,860,957,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFAA3FB805FE0" box="[1005,1043,957,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.03</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFAA3FB4F5FE0" box="[1180,1244,957,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.28</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FAA3F9855FE0" box="[1333,1558,957,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.8 13.0 12.4</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FAA3F91F5FE0" box="[1638,1676,957,977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.54</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFAA3F8B95FE0" box="[1769,1834,957,977]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">4.37</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FAC2F8B95FC1" box="[119,1834,988,1008]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FAC2FD465FC1" box="[119,725,988,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.n.r., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF77FAC3FF4E5FDE" box="[208,221,989,1007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 20.9 25.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFAC2FCCF5FC1" box="[809,860,988,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">22.9</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFAC2FB805FC1" box="[1005,1043,988,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.83</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFAC2FB4F5FC1" box="[1180,1244,988,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">7.99</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FAC2F9855FC1" box="[1333,1558,988,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">20.0 28.0 24.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FAC2F91F5FC1" box="[1638,1676,988,1008]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.56</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFAC2F8B95FC1" box="[1769,1834,988,1008]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FAE5F8B9583E" box="[119,1834,1019,1039]" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FAE5FD46583E" box="[119,725,1019,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.ant.swell., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFEA0FAE2FE87583F" box="[263,276,1020,1038]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 27.0 29
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFAE5FCCF583E" box="[809,860,1019,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">28.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFAE5FB80583E" box="[1005,1043,1019,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.69</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFAE5FB4F583E" box="[1180,1244,1019,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.46</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FAE5F985583E" box="[1333,1558,1019,1039]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">26.0 29.0 27.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FAE5F91F583E" box="[1638,1676,1019,1039]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.19</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFAE5F8B9583E" box="[1769,1834,1019,1039]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">4.34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FD04F8B9581F" box="[119,1834,1050,1070]" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FD04FD46581F" box="[119,725,1050,1070]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.ca., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF6BFD05FF4A581C" box="[204,217,1051,1069]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 25.0 28.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFD04FCCF581F" box="[809,860,1050,1070]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">26.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFD04FB80581F" box="[1005,1043,1050,1070]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.12</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFD04FB4F581F" box="[1180,1244,1050,1070]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">4.24</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FD04F985581F" box="[1333,1558,1050,1070]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">25.0 30.0 27.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FD04F91F581F" box="[1638,1676,1050,1070]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.41</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFD04F8B9581F" box="[1769,1834,1050,1070]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">5.14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FD27F8B9587C" box="[119,1834,1081,1101]" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FD27FD46587C" box="[119,725,1081,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.miđb., 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF41FD24FF60587D" box="[230,243,1082,1100]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 24.0 26.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFD27FCCF587C" box="[809,860,1081,1101]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">25.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFD27FB80587C" box="[1005,1043,1081,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.89</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFD27FB4F587C" box="[1180,1244,1081,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">3.59</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FD27F985587C" box="[1333,1558,1081,1101]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">23.0 29.0 26.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FD27F91F587C" box="[1638,1676,1081,1101]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.00</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFD27F8B9587C" box="[1769,1834,1081,1101]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">7.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FD46F8B9585D" box="[119,1834,1112,1132]" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FD46FD46585D" box="[119,725,1112,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
điam.ani, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFF69FD47FF48585A" box="[206,219,1113,1131]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 20.0 22.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFD46FCCF585D" box="[809,860,1112,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">21.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFD46FB80585D" box="[1005,1043,1112,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.73</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFD46FB4F585D" box="[1180,1244,1112,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">3.49</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FD46F985585D" box="[1333,1558,1112,1132]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">16.0 20.0 18.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FD46F91F585D" box="[1638,1676,1112,1132]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.53</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFD46F8B9585D" box="[1769,1834,1112,1132]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FD69F8B958BA" box="[119,1834,1143,1163]" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FD69FD4658BA" box="[119,725,1143,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
rostrum length, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFEA5FD66FE9C58BB" box="[258,271,1144,1162]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 11.0 13.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFD69FCCF58BA" box="[809,860,1143,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFD69FB8058BA" box="[1005,1043,1143,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.83</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFD69FB4F58BA" box="[1180,1244,1143,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.95</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FD69F98558BA" box="[1333,1558,1143,1163]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.40 14.0 11.2</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FD69F91F58BA" box="[1638,1676,1143,1163]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.87</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFD69F8B958BA" box="[1769,1834,1143,1163]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">16.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FD88F8B9589B" box="[119,1834,1174,1194]" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FD88FD46589B" box="[119,725,1174,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
wiđth of pharynx anterior to nerve ring, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE70FD89FE775898" box="[471,484,1175,1193]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 5.5 7.2
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFD88FCCF589B" box="[809,860,1174,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.35</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFD88FB80589B" box="[1005,1043,1174,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.91</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFD88FB4F589B" box="[1180,1244,1174,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">14.4</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FD88F985589B" box="[1333,1558,1174,1194]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">5.0 8.0 6.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FD88F91F589B" box="[1638,1676,1174,1194]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.11</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFD88F8B9589B" box="[1769,1834,1174,1194]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">17.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FDABF8B958F8" box="[119,1834,1205,1225]" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FDABFD4658F8" box="[119,725,1205,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
wiđth of pharynx at nerve ring, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE2BFDA8FE0A58F9" box="[396,409,1206,1224]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 6.4 10.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFDABFCCF58F8" box="[809,860,1205,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.20</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFDABFB8058F8" box="[1005,1043,1205,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.27</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFDABFB4F58F8" box="[1180,1244,1205,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">15.6</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FDABF98558F8" box="[1333,1558,1205,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">7.0 9.1 8.05</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FDABF91F58F8" box="[1638,1676,1205,1225]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.74</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFDABF8B958F8" box="[1769,1834,1205,1225]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FDCAF8B958D9" box="[119,1834,1236,1256]" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FDCAFD4658D9" box="[119,725,1236,1256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
terminal bulb wiđth, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE89FDCBFEA858D6" box="[302,315,1237,1255]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 19.0 21.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFDCAFCCF58D9" box="[809,860,1236,1256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">20.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFDCAFB8058D9" box="[1005,1043,1236,1256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFDCAFB4F58D9" box="[1180,1244,1236,1256]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FDCAF98558D9" box="[1333,1558,1236,1256]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">20.0 22.0 21.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FDCAF91F58D9" box="[1638,1676,1236,1256]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.92</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFDCAF8B958D9" box="[1769,1834,1236,1256]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">4.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FDEDF8B95936" box="[119,1834,1267,1287]" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FDEDFD465936" box="[119,725,1267,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
terminal bulb length, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE94FDEAFED35937" box="[307,320,1268,1286]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 20.0 26.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFDEDFCCF5936" box="[809,860,1267,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">23.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFDEDFB805936" box="[1005,1043,1267,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.12</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFDEDFB4F5936" box="[1180,1244,1267,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.22</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FDEDF9855936" box="[1333,1558,1267,1287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">18.0 28.0 23.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FDEDF91F5936" box="[1638,1676,1267,1287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">3.32</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFDEDF8B95936" box="[1769,1834,1267,1287]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">14.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FC0CF8B95975" box="[119,1834,1298,1348]" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FC0CFD465975" box="[119,725,1298,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">number of left sublateral ambulatory setae 8.0 11.0 number of left subventral ambulatory setae 4.0 11.0</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFC0CFCCF5975" box="[809,860,1298,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.50 7.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFC0CFB805975" box="[1005,1043,1298,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.16 2.26</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFC0CFB4F5975" box="[1180,1244,1298,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.3 30.1</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FC0CF9855975" box="[1333,1558,1298,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.0 16.0 12.0 10.0 13.0 11.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FC0CF91F5975" box="[1638,1676,1298,1348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.76 1.12</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFC0CF8B95975" box="[1769,1834,1298,1348]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">23.0 9.79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FC51F8B95952" box="[119,1834,1359,1379]" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FC51FD465952" box="[119,725,1359,1379]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">number of right sublateral ambulatory setae 8.0 10.0</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFC51FCCF5952" box="[809,860,1359,1379]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.00</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFC51FB805952" box="[1005,1043,1359,1379]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.75</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFC51FB4F5952" box="[1180,1244,1359,1379]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.39</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FC51F9855952" box="[1333,1558,1359,1379]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.0 13.0 11.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FC51F91F5952" box="[1638,1676,1359,1379]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.21</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFC51F8B95952" box="[1769,1834,1359,1379]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FC70F8B959B3" box="[119,1834,1390,1410]" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FC70FD4659B3" box="[119,725,1390,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">number of right subventral ambulatory setae 4.0 11.0</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFC70FCCF59B3" box="[809,860,1390,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">7.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFC70FB8059B3" box="[1005,1043,1390,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.37</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFC70FB4F59B3" box="[1180,1244,1390,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">31.6</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FC70F98559B3" box="[1333,1558,1390,1410]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.0 12.0 10.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FC70F91F59B3" box="[1638,1676,1390,1410]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.03</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFC70F8B959B3" box="[1769,1834,1390,1410]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.85</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FC93F8B95990" box="[119,1834,1421,1441]" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FC93FD465990" box="[119,725,1421,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
anteriormost sublateral ambulatory setae 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE78FC90FE7F5991" box="[479,492,1422,1440]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 9.50 14.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFC93FCCF5990" box="[809,860,1421,1441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.8</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFC93FB805990" box="[1005,1043,1421,1441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.50</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFC93FB4F5990" box="[1180,1244,1421,1441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.8</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FC93F9855990" box="[1333,1558,1421,1441]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.0 15.0 12.0</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FC93F91F5990" box="[1638,1676,1421,1441]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.86</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFC93F8B95990" box="[1769,1834,1421,1441]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FCB2F8B959F1" box="[119,1834,1452,1472]" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FCB2FD4659F1" box="[119,725,1452,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
posteriormost sublateral ambulatory seta, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE42FCB3FE61598E" box="[485,498,1453,1471]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 6.20 13.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFCB2FCCF59F1" box="[809,860,1452,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.60</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFCB2FB8059F1" box="[1005,1043,1452,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.28</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFCB2FB4F59F1" box="[1180,1244,1452,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">23.8</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FCB2F98559F1" box="[1333,1558,1452,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">6.30 12.9 9.60</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FCB2F91F59F1" box="[1638,1676,1452,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.16</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFCB2F8B959F1" box="[1769,1834,1452,1472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FCD5F8B959EE" box="[119,1834,1483,1503]" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FCD5FD4659EE" box="[119,725,1483,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
anteriormost subventral ambulatory seta, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE46FCD2FE7D59EF" box="[481,494,1484,1502]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 10.0 13.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFCD5FCCF59EE" box="[809,860,1483,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFCD5FB8059EE" box="[1005,1043,1483,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.32</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFCD5FB4F59EE" box="[1180,1244,1483,1503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.4</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FCD5F98559EE" box="[1333,1558,1483,1503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.0 14.0 12.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FCD5F91F59EE" box="[1638,1676,1483,1503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.23</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFCD5F8B959EE" box="[1769,1834,1483,1503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.89</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FCF4F8B959CF" box="[119,1834,1514,1534]" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FCF4FD4659CF" box="[119,725,1514,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
posteriormost subventral ambulatory seta, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE4CFCF5FE6B59CC" box="[491,504,1515,1533]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 8.00 11.8
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFCF4FCCF59CF" box="[809,860,1514,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">9.90</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFCF4FB8059CF" box="[1005,1043,1514,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.21</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFCF4FB4F59CF" box="[1180,1244,1514,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.2</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FCF4F98559CF" box="[1333,1558,1514,1534]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.40 14.0 11.2</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FCF4F91F59CF" box="[1638,1676,1514,1534]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">2.09</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFCF4F8B959CF" box="[1769,1834,1514,1534]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">18.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FF17F8B95A2C" box="[119,1834,1545,1565]" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FF17FD465A2C" box="[119,725,1545,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
spicule length along arc, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFEF5FF14FECC5A2D" box="[338,351,1546,1564]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 26.0 51.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFF17FCCF5A2C" box="[809,860,1545,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">38.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFF17FB805A2C" box="[1005,1043,1545,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">8.06</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFF17FB4F5A2C" box="[1180,1244,1545,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">20.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FF36F8B95A0D" box="[119,1834,1576,1596]" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="401" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FF36FD465A0D" box="[119,725,1576,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
gubernaculum length, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFE9CFF37FEDB5A0A" box="[315,328,1577,1595]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 4.20 6.00
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFF36FCCF5A0D" box="[809,860,1576,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">5.10</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFF36FB805A0D" box="[1005,1043,1576,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">0.61</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFF36FB4F5A0D" box="[1180,1244,1576,1596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3568CD18FF9D0031FFD0FF59F8B95A6A" box="[119,1834,1607,1627]" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
<th id="76B9A464FF9D0031FFD0FF59FD465A6A" box="[119,725,1607,1627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">
tail terminal cone length, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9DFFDCFEF0FF56FEF75A6B" box="[343,356,1608,1626]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">µ</emphasis>
m 14.0 21.0
</th>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC8EFF59FCCF5A6A" box="[809,860,1607,1627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">17.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FC4AFF59FB805A6A" box="[1005,1043,1607,1627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.95</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FB3BFF59FB4F5A6A" box="[1180,1244,1607,1627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.2</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031FA92FF59F9855A6A" box="[1333,1558,1607,1627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">15.0 20.0 17.5</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F9C1FF59F91F5A6A" box="[1638,1676,1607,1627]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">1.98</td>
<td id="76B9A464FF9D0031F94EFF59F8B95A6A" box="[1769,1834,1607,1627]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="18" pageNumber="401">11.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60F989FDBB5CC9" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFF60F989FEBD5C81" bold="true" box="[199,302,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Locality.</emphasis>
White Sea (Northern 
<collectingCountry id="F34F8FCAFF9CFFDDFD93F989FD105C81" box="[564,643,151,176]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Russia</collectingCountry>
), Karelian Coast of the Kandalaksha Bay, vicinity of the White Sea Biological Station (
<geoCoordinate id="EE6CA99DFF9CFFDDFED6F9A2FE435CE4" box="[369,464,188,213]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" precision="925" value="66.55">66°33'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6CA99DFF9CFFDDFE7BF9A2FDAB5CE4" box="[476,568,188,213]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" precision="925" value="33.1">33°06'E</geoCoordinate>
), Velikaja Salma Strait between the Veliky Island and Kindo Peninsula, depth 
<quantity id="4CA062BFFF9CFFDDFF30F9C1FF575CC6" box="[151,196,223,248]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, red algae. 
<date id="FFE6E99AFF9CFFDDFEE3F9FEFDB75CC9" box="[324,548,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" value="2013-08-18" valueMax="2013-08-27" valueMin="2013-08-18">18–27 August 2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3429CD1FF9CFFDDFF60F81AFF2F59F1" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60F81AFA985D71" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFF60F81AFECA5D2C" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Description.</emphasis>
Body ε-shaped and narrowest in the region of the ventral bend between pharynx and anterior gonad. Male body widest in pharyngeal region. Female body widest in region of reproductive system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60F852FBB85E51" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
Head rostrum (cephalic capsule) small, conoid, formed by smooth, uniformly thick cuticle (
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFB52F852FADA5D55" box="[1269,1353,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A, B). Somatic cuticle posterior to rostrum distinctly annulated. Annules decrease in width to mid-body and then increase again: there three annules in 10 µm on anterior body just posterior to rostrum, seven annules in 10 µm on the region of ventral bend, and four annules in 10 µm on posterior half of the body. Cuticle of a male composed of 157 annules. Annules of the pharyngeal region ornamented with one row of tiny oval vacuoles. Very tiny spines, visible distinctly only with SEM, located on the dorsal side of the body and directed backwards (
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFBDCF8E1FB585E29" box="[1147,1227,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E). Spines located predominantly on the anterior body, from body bend to anal region; spines on dorsal side of posterior half of the body 2–2.5 times longer than those on ventral side (3 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFD56FB57FD6C5E51" box="[753,767,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m and 1 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFCC6FB57FCFC5E51" box="[865,879,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m, respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FB72FEB65F09" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
Labial region composed of six lips usually inverted into the head in fixed specimens (
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFB0EFB72FB6F5EB5" box="[1193,1276,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). Six inner labial papillae located on outer side of the lips. Six outer labial as short setae on anterior part of the rostrum. Four cephalic setae (3.6–8.0 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFE01FBABFE275EFD" box="[422,436,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m long in males, 3.7–8.3 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFD7BFBABFD795EFD" box="[732,746,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m long in females) situated at level of the amphideal fovea. Amphideal foveas spirally coiled in 1.5 turns (
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFD1BFBC9FC805EC1" box="[700,787,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B); their width 0.4–1.7 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFB8FFBC7FBA55EC1" box="[1064,1078,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m in males and 0.8–1.4 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFAF0FBC7FAF65EC1" box="[1367,1381,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m in females; the amphideal foveas shifted a bit to dorso-lateral position. No evident difference between foveas of males and females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FA5AFD825FDD" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
Thirty to 50 thin hair-like somatic setae on either body side. Somatic setae mostly 9–11 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFB39FA5BFB3F5F6D" box="[1182,1196,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m in length, but quite a few single setae may be longer (17–19 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFDD4FA77FD125FB1" box="[627,641,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m). The ambulatory setae thick, slightly bent in the middle, their tips hooked. Ambulatory setae arranged in four rows on mid-body; all about equal in size or posterior setae slightly shorter. All ambulatory setae located anterior to the anus. Latero-ventral rows a bit longer (their ends located more posteriorly) than subventral rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FAE6FE295804" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Stoma small and unarmed. Pharynx short, muscular; terminal bulb strongly developed, oval to rounded, with thickened internal cuticle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FD21FB1058D9" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
Male reproductive system consists of an anterior outstretched testis extending to the ventral bend. Spicules strongly curved, thick; proximal ends distinctly knobbed, distal ends pointed. Gubernaculum a small bar at distal end of spicules. Small and sometimes nearly imperceptible copulatory thorns present as local ventral projections of cuticular annules just posterior to the rows of ambulatory setae. Position of the thorns varies from 
<date id="FFE6E99AFF9CFFDDFAADFDB2FF2158D9" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" value="2013-05-07" valueMax="2013-05-10" valueMin="2013-05-07">5–7th to 10– 13</date>
th, more often from 6th–10th and from 7th–11th. Four copulatory thorns (
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFC4AFDD1FBA258D9" box="[1005,1073,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[289,1273,205,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[289,1285,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Epsilonema steineri, variability of male cuticular spines (arrows). Scale bar 50 µ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265077/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9CFFDDFB9AFDCEFBCA58D9" box="[1085,1113,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1701,1723]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1680]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Epsilonema steineri, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: female head, apical-ventral view; B: male head, lateral view; C: median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); D: ambulatory setae; E: male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; F: tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 Μ m; C 10 Μ m; F 1 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">10</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FDEAFC965949" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Female reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic; ovaries antidromously reflexed and located ventrally or left ventro-laterally of the intestine. Vulva not bulging, sometimes indistinct, situated in the middle of the ambulatory setae rows (five latero-ventral and seven subventral setae anterior and five latero-ventral and four subventral setae posterior to vulva on either body side).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FC9AFF2F59F1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Tail short, conical, with up to 10–11 somatic setae. Caudal glands terminating with three separate outlets on tail tip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3429CD1FF9CFFDDFF60FCD2FDE25AD1" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDDFF60FCD2FDE25AD1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFF60FCD2FED259D4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1484,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9CFFDDFEEEFCD2FE5E59D4" box="[329,461,1484,1509]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFEEEFCD2FE5E59D4" box="[329,461,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Epsilonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Body length of adults 276–454 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFCE3FCD3FCC159D5" box="[836,850,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m. Body curved epsilon-like, with narrowest region between pharynx and anterior gonad levels, just anterior to the ventral bend. Body cuticle composed of nearly 150– 160 annules. Annules of the pharyngeal region ornamented with one row of tiny oval vacuoles. Very minute spines discerned only with SEM, located on annules predominantly on mid- to posterior part of body. Amphideal fovea coiled in ~1.5 turns, 0.4–1.7 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFE46FF43FE7C5A45" box="[481,495,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m wide, situated at base of the conical rostrum. Ambulatory setae arranged in four rows between ventral bend and anal opening; eight to 16 setae in latero-ventral rows and nine to 
<quantity id="4CA062BFFF9CFFDDFB42FF9EFAB35AA9" box="[1253,1312,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
subventral rows. Spicules 26–51 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFE3BFFBBFE395A8D" box="[412,426,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Μ</emphasis>
m (arch). About four copulatory thorns present on ventral body at or just posterior to posterior end of rows of ambulatory setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3429CD1FF9CFFD6FF60FFF2FAE35D9D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9CFFDAFF60FFF2FDF25D9C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFF60FFF2FEDF5B34" bold="true" box="[199,332,1772,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Discussion.</emphasis>
The first species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9CFFDDFD93FFF2FD2B5B34" box="[564,696,1772,1797]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFD93FFF2FD2B5B34" box="[564,696,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Epsilonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at Salerno (
<collectingCountry id="F34F8FCAFF9CFFDDFC1AFFF2FC605B34" box="[957,1011,1772,1797]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Tyrrhenian Sea) on littoral algae and described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9CFFDDFE8BFE11FD875B19" author="Metschnikoff" box="[300,532,1807,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" refString="Metschnikoff, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Wurmer. I. Uber Chaetosoma und Rhabdogaster. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 539 - 544." type="journal article" year="1867">Metschnikoff (1867)</bibRefCitation>
under the name 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFD77FE11FC7F5B19" box="[720,1004,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9CFFDDFD77FE11FC7B5B19" box="[720,1000,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Rhabdogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">Rhabdogaster cygnoides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The description was based on a single female and lacks significant details used nowadays for morphological discrimination of species. However, the species described by Metschnikoff fits the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9CFFDDFD44FE49FCFB5B41" box="[739,872,1879,1904]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFD44FE49FCFB5B41" box="[739,872,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Epsilonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
well in its current understanding (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9CFFDDFAA1FE49FEC95BA4" author="Gourbault" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" refString="Gourbault, N. &amp; Decraemer, W. (1996) Marine nematodes of the family Epsilonematidae (Nemata): a synthesis with phylogenetic relationships. Nematologica, 42, 133 - 158. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 004325996 X 00011" type="journal article" year="1996">Gourbault &amp; Decraemer 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9CFFDDFECDFE62FDBF5BA5" author="Tchesunov" box="[362,556,1916,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" refString="Tchesunov, A. (2014) Order Desmodorida De Coninck 1965. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 2: Nematoda. De Gruyter. Berlin / Boston, pp. 399 - 434." type="journal article" year="2014">Tchesunov 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, the original diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9CFFDDFC77FE62FB425BA4" box="[976,1233,1916,1941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9CFFDDFC77FE62FB425BA4" box="[976,1233,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">Epsilonema cygnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9CFFDDFAA2FE62FF725B88" author="Metschnikoff" pageId="19" pageNumber="402" refString="Metschnikoff, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Wurmer. I. Uber Chaetosoma und Rhabdogaster. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 539 - 544." type="journal article" year="1867">Metschnikoff (1867)</bibRefCitation>
consists of generic but not species characters; hence this species would not be recognized today if found away from its 
<typeStatus id="54E371F8FF9CFFDDFE99FEDBFEFD5BEC" box="[318,366,1989,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="402">type</typeStatus>
locality. The species was recorded later in papers on collections from the North Sea, Canary Islands and Mediterranean without illustrations or remarks on morphology. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF9BFFDAFBC2F989FAD65C81" author="Schepotieff" box="[1125,1349,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" refString="Schepotieff, A. (1908) Rhabdogaster cygnoides Metschn. (Untersuchungen uber einige wenig bekannte freilebende Nematoden II.). Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 26, 393 - 400." type="journal article" year="1908">Schepotieff (1908)</bibRefCitation>
found 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9BFFDAFF30F9A2FE275CE4" box="[151,436,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Rhabdogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFF30F9A2FE275CE4" box="[151,436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Rhabdogaster cygnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abundant on hard substrates in Bergen (
<collectingCountry id="F34F8FCAFF9BFFDAFC11F9A2FB855CE5" box="[950,1046,188,212]" name="Norway" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Norway</collectingCountry>
), Neapel, Rovigno and Brindisi (Mediterranean), from shallow to depth 
<quantity id="4CA062BFFF9BFFDAFDFEF9C1FD315CC6" box="[601,674,223,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
, and gave a description in more detail and even with cross-sections. Unfortunately, Schepotieff did not indicate where specifically the figured and described specimens had been sampled. Since the vulva may be situated in different females within or posterior to the row of ambulatory setae as depicted on 
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9BFFDAFE86F852FEF45D55" box="[289,359,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,200,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Draconema ophicephalum, Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: male, entire; B: female head, dorsal view with cephalic adhesive tubes; C: male head, apical view; D: male labial region; E: posterior adhesive tubes; F: female, vulva region. Scale bars: A 100 Μ m; B, C, E, F 10 Μ m; D 3 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265071/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Figs 3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1363D3DFFF9BFFDAFE39F852FE3F5D54" box="[414,428,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1732,1754]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,202,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Prochaetosoma marisalbi sp. n., Scanning Electron Micrographs. A: male, entire; B: female head, dorsal view; C: male head, apical view; D: male labial region; E: head, lateral view; F: male, arrays of posterior adhesive tubes. Scale bars: A 100 Μ m; B, C, E 10 Μ m; D 3 µ m; F 30 Μ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265074/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">6</figureCitation>
and noted in the text, it is possible the author dealt with a mixture of species. Having the pharynx swollen and forming two distinct consecutive bulbs anterior to the nerve ring is a very unlikely feature, not known among epsilonematid nematodes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF279FD2FF9BFFDAFF30FE45FC5B5B40" box="[151,968,1883,1905]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" targetBox="[162,1424,492,1853]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9BFFDAFF30FE45FC5B5B40" blockId="20.[151,968,1883,1905]" box="[151,968,1883,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFF30FE45FE815B40" bold="true" box="[151,274,1883,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9BFFDAFEBEFE45FE705B40" box="[281,483,1883,1905]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="403" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFEBEFE45FE705B40" box="[281,483,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, entire. 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFD92FE45FDC35B41" bold="true" box="[565,592,1883,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">A:</emphasis>
male; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFD32FE42FD3C5B40" bold="true" box="[661,687,1884,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">B:</emphasis>
female. Scale bars 100 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9BFFDAFC07FE42FC3F5B40" box="[928,940,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="403">Μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF279FD2FF9AFFDBFF30FEB2FC8E5BD0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265076/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" targetBox="[264,1321,201,1932]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF9AFFDBFF30FEB2FC8E5BD0" blockId="21.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFF30FEB2FE855BF0" bold="true" box="[151,278,1964,1986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF9AFFDBFE87FEB2FE7D5BF3" box="[288,494,1964,1986]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="404" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFE87FEB2FE7D5BF3" box="[288,494,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, details. 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFDF7FEB2FDF85BF0" bold="true" box="[592,619,1964,1985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">A:</emphasis>
male anterior body; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFCEBFEB3FCF65BF3" bold="true" box="[844,869,1965,1986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">B:</emphasis>
female anterior body; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFBFCFEB2FBE55BF3" bold="true" box="[1115,1142,1964,1986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">C:</emphasis>
female posterior body with reproductive system; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFED6FED5FE185BD1" bold="true" box="[369,395,1995,2016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">D:</emphasis>
male posterior body. Scale bars 50 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF9AFFDBFD53FED2FC915BD0" box="[756,770,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="404">µ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF279FD2FF99FFD8FF30FEDAFBF75BEB" box="[151,1124,1988,2010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265077/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" targetBox="[289,1273,205,1946]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF99FFD8FF30FEDAFBF75BEB" blockId="22.[151,1124,1988,2010]" box="[151,1124,1988,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF99FFD8FF30FEDAFE815BE8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1988,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF99FFD8FEBEFEDAFE705BEB" box="[281,483,1988,2010]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="405" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF99FFD8FEBEFEDAFE705BEB" box="[281,483,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, variability of male cuticular spines (arrows). Scale bar 50 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF99FFD8FB9CFEDBFBDA5BEB" box="[1083,1097,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="405">µ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF279FD2FF98FFD9FF30FFBBFB6A5AC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" targetBox="[157,1429,199,1674]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF98FFD9FF30FFBBFB6A5AC9" blockId="23.[151,1436,1701,1784]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FF30FFBBFE8A5A8B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1701,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF98FFD9FE80FFBBFE615A8A" box="[295,498,1701,1723]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FE80FFBBFE615A8A" box="[295,498,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Scanning Electron Micrographs. 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FC37FFBBFC395A8B" bold="true" box="[912,938,1701,1722]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">A:</emphasis>
female head, apical-ventral view; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FAAAFFB8FAB45A8A" bold="true" box="[1293,1319,1702,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">B:</emphasis>
male head, lateral view; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FEBDFFDAFEA65AEB" bold="true" box="[282,309,1732,1754]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">C:</emphasis>
median body region (ventral cuticular spines indicated by an arrow); 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FC54FFDAFB9D5AE8" bold="true" box="[1011,1038,1732,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">D:</emphasis>
ambulatory setae; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FB6AFFDAFB755AE8" bold="true" box="[1229,1254,1732,1753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">E:</emphasis>
male, spinules on dorsal side of the body; 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FE2CFFFDFE315AC9" bold="true" box="[395,418,1763,1784]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">F:</emphasis>
tail tip, three pores of caudal glands. Scale bars: A, B, D, E 3 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FBBFFFFDFBB65AC9" box="[1048,1061,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Μ</emphasis>
m; C 10 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FBDAFFFDFB1A5AC9" box="[1149,1161,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Μ</emphasis>
m; F 1 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FB75FFFDFB4D5AC9" box="[1234,1246,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7CF5AFF98FFD6FF60FE3BFAE35D9D" blockId="23.[151,1437,1829,2034]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FF60FE3BFEFB5B0F" author="Steiner" box="[199,360,1829,1854]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Steiner, G. (1916) Freilebende Nematoden aus der Barentssee. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 39, 511 - 676." type="journal article" year="1916">Steiner (1916)</bibRefCitation>
described and depicted a female 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF98FFD9FD79FE3BFC605B0F" box="[734,1011,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Rhabdogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FD79FE3BFC605B0F" box="[734,1011,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Rhabdogaster cygnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Barents Sea. Our White Sea female specimens fit this description well, although it lacks some fine but important characters currently used for species diagnostics. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FE6AFE73FDE35BB7" author="Steiner" box="[461,624,1901,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Steiner, G. (1931) Die Nematoden der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 03. I und II. Deutsche Sudpolarexpedition 1901 - 0 3, 20, 167 - 216, 307 - 433." type="journal article" year="1931">Steiner (1931)</bibRefCitation>
considered the Barents Sea specimen to belong to a separate species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FF30FE8FFEC55B9B" author="Chitwood" box="[151,342,1937,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Chitwood, B. G. (1935) Nomenclatorial notes I. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 2, 51 - 54." type="journal article" year="1935">Chitwood (1935)</bibRefCitation>
named the Barents Sea species “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF98FFD9FD62FE8FFC305B98" box="[709,931,1937,1962]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FD62FE8FFC305B98" box="[709,931,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” but gave no grounds for doing so. Later, the species 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF98FFD9FF48FEABFE5C5BFC" box="[239,463,1973,1998]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FF48FEABFE5C5BFC" box="[239,463,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was transferred to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF98FFD9FCBCFEABFBEE5BFF" authority="Johnston, 1938" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1938" box="[795,1149,1973,1998]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonematina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF98FFD9FCBCFEABFC585BFF" box="[795,971,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="406">Epsilonematina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FC74FEABFBEE5BFF" author="Johnston" box="[979,1149,1973,1998]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Johnston, T. H. (1938) A census of the free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes recorded as occurring in Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 62, 149 - 167." type="journal article" year="1938">Johnston, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FB1EFEABFF405BC3" author="Gerlach" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Gerlach, S. A. &amp; Riemann, F. (1973) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea excluding the Dorylaimida. Part 1. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, Supplement 4, 1 - 404." type="book chapter" year="1973">Gerlach &amp; Riemann 1973</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF98FFD9FEC3FEC4FDB75BC3" author="Lorenzen" box="[356,548,2010,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="406" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1973) Die Familie Epsilonematidae (Nematodes). Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 25, 411 - 494." type="journal article" year="1973">Lorenzen (1973)</bibRefCitation>
found no significant differences between descriptions of Metschnikoff and Steiner, and therefore accepted 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FD87F987FDE75C81" box="[544,628,153,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FD87F987FDE75C81" box="[544,628,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FC66F989FBA25C81" box="[961,1073,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Rhabdogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FC66F989FBA25C81" box="[961,1073,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">cygnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; he also rejected validity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FF30F9A2FED45CE4" box="[151,327,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonematina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FF30F9A2FED45CE4" box="[151,327,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Epsilonematina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both synonymies were accepted in the review of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FC3DF9A2FBC65CE4" box="[922,1109,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Epsilonematidae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF97FFD6FB22F9A2FF775CC9" author="Gourbault" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" refString="Gourbault, N. &amp; Decraemer, W. (1996) Marine nematodes of the family Epsilonematidae (Nemata): a synthesis with phylogenetic relationships. Nematologica, 42, 133 - 158. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 004325996 X 00011" type="journal article" year="1996">Gourbault &amp; Decraemer (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. Here, we identify the White Sea species as 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FC97F9C1FB715CC9" authority="Chitwood 1935" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1935" box="[816,1250,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FC97F9C1FB8A5CC9" box="[816,1049,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Epsilonema steineri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF97FFD6FB8DF9C1FB715CC9" author="Chitwood" box="[1066,1250,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" refString="Chitwood, B. G. (1935) Nomenclatorial notes I. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 2, 51 - 54." type="journal article" year="1935">Chitwood 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on two considerations: (1) no differences between our specimens and the description of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF97FFD6FB83F81AFB5B5D2C" author="Steiner" box="[1060,1224,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" refString="Steiner, G. (1916) Freilebende Nematoden aus der Barentssee. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 39, 511 - 676." type="journal article" year="1916">Steiner (1916)</bibRefCitation>
; (2) the White Sea locality is close to that of the Barents Sea. This is a preliminary decision; it may be verified or falsified by morphological re-descriptions and molecular genetic studies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FCD6F852FBFD5D54" box="[881,1134,332,357]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FCD6F852FBFD5D54" box="[881,1134,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Epsilonema cygnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FB0DF853FA8C5D55" box="[1194,1311,333,356]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="steineri">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FB0DF853FA8C5D55" box="[1194,1311,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">E. steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from their 
<typeStatus id="54E371F8FF97FFD6FF30F86EFF545DB9" box="[151,199,368,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
localities. We also qualify 
<taxonomicName id="4C58B4D9FF97FFD6FDA6F871FC645DB9" authority="Metschnikoff, 1867" authorityName="Metschnikoff" authorityYear="1867" box="[513,1015,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Epsilonematidae" genus="Epsilonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cygnoides">
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FDA6F871FD6D5DB9" box="[513,766,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">Epsilonema cygnoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC9B2ABFF97FFD6FCAAF871FC7C5DB9" author="Metschnikoff" box="[781,1007,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407" refString="Metschnikoff, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Wurmer. I. Uber Chaetosoma und Rhabdogaster. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 539 - 544." type="journal article" year="1867">Metschnikoff, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FB87F86FFB675DB9" box="[1056,1268,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">species inquirenda</emphasis>
until it can be thoroughly re-described based on specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="54E371F8FF97FFD6FD51F88BFCB55D9C" box="[758,806,405,429]" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<emphasis id="B92C1348FF97FFD6FC2AF88BFC235D9D" box="[909,944,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="407">i.e.</emphasis>
the vicinity of Salerno, Tyrrhenian Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>