165 lines
20 KiB
XML
165 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="916762164E9B49734B1B1E1CB831FD33">First report of kinorhynchs from Singapore, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3026CBD6AD4824757F67BF2B49EBB01">Gąsiorowski, Ludwik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56301586009111918DA44DA2703BD06F">Randsø, Phillip V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6A8BEDDB03112F42CCDD12A0307C9A1">Sánchez, Nuria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="977C92BFB6C7546E3CE0E0C673BA5814">Neves, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D187A7DA274E1C39B9F835FD20FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4502596" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182244077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4502596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187A7DA274E1C39B9F835FD20FB68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187A7DA274E1C39B9F835FD20FB68" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C362653ADA274E1D39B9F835FAD7F848" box="[951,1360,572,597]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA274E1D39B9F835FAD7F848" blockId="16.[951,1360,572,597]" box="[951,1360,572,597]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D08F81DDDA274E1D39B9F835FAD7F848" bold="true" box="[951,1360,572,597]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D39B9F835FAD7F848" authority="Lou, 1934" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" box="[951,1360,572,597]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D39B9F835FAD7F848" bold="true" box="[951,1360,572,597]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D39B9F835FB54F849" bold="true" box="[951,1235,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Echinoderes tchefouensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3ED0F834FAD7F848" author="Lou TH" box="[1246,1360,573,597]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref14928" refString="Lou TH (1934) Sur la presence d'un nouveau kinorhynque a Tchefou: Echinoderes tchefouensis sp. nov. Contributions from the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Peiping, 1: 1 - 9. [In Mandarin with French translation]" type="journal article" year="1934">Lou, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C362653ADA274E1C394DF874FD20FB68" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA274E1D394DF874FBB5F928" blockId="16.[835,1475,637,821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D394DF874FBA5F888" bold="true" box="[835,1058,637,661]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D3E27F874FABEF888" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" box="[1065,1337,637,661]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D3E27F874FABEF888" box="[1065,1337,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Echinoderes tchefouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appeared on stations SI-01, SI-03, and SI-06, and was hence the most ubiquitous species in the area. A total of six adult specimens were mounted for LM, and deposited at the Natural History Museum of
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA274E1D39DEF8F4FBBDF908" box="[976,1082,765,789]" name="Denmark" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, under catalogue numbers
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA274E1D3F7AF8F4FA45F908" box="[1396,1474,765,789]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA274E1D394AF914FCFAF928" box="[836,893,797,821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">KIN-</collectionCode>
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857 to
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA274E1D39C4F914FB82F928" box="[970,1029,797,821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">KIN-</collectionCode>
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862.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA274E1D394DF954FB6DFFA8" blockId="16.[835,1475,861,1461]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D394DF954FB79F968" bold="true" box="[835,1278,861,885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Notes on taxonomy and distribution.</emphasis>
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The species was originally described from the Yantai area on the Chinese Northeast Coast (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3E0FF994FBF0F9A8" author="Lou TH" box="[1025,1143,925,949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref14928" refString="Lou TH (1934) Sur la presence d'un nouveau kinorhynque a Tchefou: Echinoderes tchefouensis sp. nov. Contributions from the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Peiping, 1: 1 - 9. [In Mandarin with French translation]" type="journal article" year="1934">Lou, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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). The original description was rather poor, and would in itself fit dozens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D3F33F9B4FA45F9C8" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[1341,1474,957,981]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D3F33F9B4FA45F9C8" box="[1341,1474,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. However,
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<collectionCode id="ED69AE74DA274E1D3E1CF9D4FBA0F9E9" box="[1042,1063,989,1012]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">R</collectionCode>
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. P. Higgins later collected specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D3968F9F4FC75FE08" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[870,1010,1021,1045]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D3968F9F4FC75FE08" box="[870,1010,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the area, and considered these to be conspecific with
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D39FDFE17FB17FE28" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" box="[1011,1168,1053,1077]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D39FDFE17FB17FE28" box="[1011,1168,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">E. tchefouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3ED1FE14FC09FE48" author="Higgins RP & Kristensen RM" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref14794" refString="Higgins RP & Kristensen RM (1988) Kinorhyncha from Disko Island, West Greenland. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 458: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Higgins & Kristensen (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a note about the unusual lateral spine pattern in these specimens, with lateroventral spines/tubes on segments 5, 8 and 9 only. This enabled
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3F30FE74FC3DFEA8" author="Sorensen MV & Rho HS & Min W & Kim D & Chang CY" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="161 - 196" refId="ref15939" refString="Sorensen MV, Rho HS, Min W, Kim D & Chang CY (2012 a) An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa, 3368: 161 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Sørensen et al. (2012a)</bibRefCitation>
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to identify numerous specimens from adjacent waters as
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D39B7FEB7FBE2FEC8" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" box="[953,1125,1213,1237]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D39B7FEB7FBE2FEC8" box="[953,1125,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">E. tchefouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and, based on these, provide a redescription that met present days’ requirements. The species is easily recognised because it lacks lateroventral spines on segments 6 and 7, combined with the presence of regular-sized glandular cell outlets
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<typeStatus id="54C38813DA274E1D3EE2FF34FA9DFF48" box="[1260,1306,1341,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
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<quantity id="4C809B54DA274E1D3F2BFF34FAD6FF48" box="[1317,1361,1341,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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subdorsal position on segment 2, and a pair of extraordinary large outlets in laterodorsal positions on segment 8 (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3F6FFF74FC4EFFA8" author="Sorensen MV & Rho HS & Min W & Kim D & Chang CY" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="161 - 196" refId="ref15939" refString="Sorensen MV, Rho HS, Min W, Kim D & Chang CY (2012 a) An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa, 3368: 161 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Sørensen et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
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for additional characters).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA274E1D394DFFD4FB68FDC8" blockId="16.[835,1475,1501,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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The record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D39E7FFD7FB17FFE8" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" box="[1001,1168,1501,1525]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D39E7FFD7FB17FFE8" box="[1001,1168,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">E. tchefouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA274E1D3EB4FFD4FAAFFFE8" box="[1210,1320,1501,1525]" name="Singapore" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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increases the known distributional range of the species, and makes it one of the apparently most widely distributed species of
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D394AFC34FC57FC48" box="[836,976,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D394AFC34FC4AFC48" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[836,973,1597,1621]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">Echinoderes</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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According to the collectings of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA274E1D3F28FC34FC12FC68" author="Sorensen MV & Rho HS & Min W & Kim D & Chang CY" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" pagination="161 - 196" refId="ref15939" refString="Sorensen MV, Rho HS, Min W, Kim D & Chang CY (2012 a) An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa, 3368: 161 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Sørensen et al. (2012a)</bibRefCitation>
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the species covers an area from the Korean Peninsula in northeast, to an easternmost occurrence near Saipan Islands in the West Pacific, and south through the East
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA274E1D3F5CFC94FA15FCA8" box="[1362,1426,1693,1717]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea and the
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA274E1D3991FCB4FB9CFCC8" box="[927,1051,1725,1749]" name="Philippines" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, to Sipadan in Malaysian Borneo that until now has marked its southernmost point of distribution. However, the record of the species in
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<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA274E1D3EE5FCF4FADDFD08" box="[1259,1370,1789,1813]" name="Singapore" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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, suggests that it not only has a wide West Pacific distribution, but also could be widespread in the Indonesian Archipelago, and perhaps even could extent into the Indian Ocean. With such a wide distribution, the species would be ideal for population genetic studies, where haplotypes from geographically very distant populations could be compared.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC736B1DA274E1C394DFDF4FD20FB68" blockId="16.[835,1476,2045,2101]" lastBlockId="17.[113,753,189,373]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">
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Another interesting finding is the appearance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D32DA274E1D3FA5FDF7FC40F228" authorityName="Lou" authorityYear="1934" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="tchefouensis">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAA3DA274E1D3FA5FDF7FC40F228" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="19">E. tchefouensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the intertidal station SI-06. Until now, the species has mostly been recorded from subtidal stations (
|
||
<quantity id="4C809B54DA264E1C3A77FAD4FF5AFAE8" box="[121,221,221,245]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="74.5" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="9.0">9–140 m</quantity>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3B75FAD4FDF0FAE8" author="Sorensen MV & Rho HS & Min W & Kim D & Chang CY" box="[379,631,221,245]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" pagination="161 - 196" refId="ref15939" refString="Sorensen MV, Rho HS, Min W, Kim D & Chang CY (2012 a) An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa, 3368: 161 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Sørensen et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only other intertidal record of the species is from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BCF853DA264E1C386EFAF4FD2EFB08" box="[608,681,253,277]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Saipan" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Saipan</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F7621DA264E1C3A7FFB14FEFDFB28" box="[113,378,285,309]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="20">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B40DA264E1C3B8BFB14FDEBFB28" author="Sorensen MV & Rho HS & Min W & Kim D & Chang CY" box="[389,620,285,309]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" pagination="161 - 196" refId="ref15939" refString="Sorensen MV, Rho HS, Min W, Kim D & Chang CY (2012 a) An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa, 3368: 161 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Sørensen et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Apparently the species is not only widely distributed, but also highly opportunistic and able to adapt to different habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |