237 lines
30 KiB
XML
237 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B4D2650D4A66E8FA5C4CD269FF347F9F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188004" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27bc0f90-3d65-4328-bd6c-af9f9dd77859" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188004" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461078817686" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huemer, Peter & Hausmann, Axel" docDate="2009" docId="03B8BF4B3E15FFF3C6F56135FB27FE45" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02117p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2117" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sciadia tenebraria Esper 1806, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF81C7333E11FFF5C662676DFFF1FFDF" masterDocTitle="A new expanded revision of the European high mountain Sciadia tenebraria species group (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698587239327" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="323F4CEBC9EA0D6A7F788769BF51B735">
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<mods:title id="8894EA11B652AB5CC22DDBE15542A77E">A new expanded revision of the European high mountain Sciadia tenebraria species group (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="055424D6A39F4C4EA2326ABC106EE391" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="605E0633AF38D12E200B64B70FD08ECF">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B5D41509EE58BBCBDCD77027C9FADB52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F344791FFDE798773E39218E9DD9FBC9">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D5EEFAD7E3CAE703683CCA849F27EE26">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FD5211A0FAF8D3B254719C2CE62F9696">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="96DE3C3DAA592E4FCCB84653E0E8030D">
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<mods:date id="E0C78C0617BF4F6B2C71F8CB0C247322">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="748DD0E840382F42824E87F8FBD7314A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C26CE455C2C1DCCDB8C2D878F2C6BE22">2117</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D18E0957C7202CDB820B16D70B506C03">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F7FB8ECE56CC3F61602976750B12C60F">30</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="CE081EAB557C8512725AC86BB0531AB8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4EFCB93604E09352673F99C4B2FEB9FE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E1BB9DB92546A3AE0B3AAC82DE6E45E" type="Zenodo-Dep">188004</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B8BF4B3E15FFF3C6F56135FB27FE45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624197" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119618207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624197" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8BF4B3E15FFF3C6F56135FB27FE45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8BF4B3E15FFF3C6F56135FB27FE45" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E15FFF1C6F56135FD58F966" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E15FFF1C6F56135FC29F9AD" blockId="4.[151,984,1624,1650]" box="[151,984,1624,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0E6B9313E15FFF1C6F56135FC29F9AD" bold="true" box="[151,984,1624,1650]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6F56135FC29F9AD" bold="true" box="[151,984,1624,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C6F56135FDEEF9AD" ID-CoL="4VGXJ" authority="Esper, 1806" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1806" box="[151,543,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6F56135FE84F9AD" bold="true" box="[151,373,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciadia tenebraria</emphasis>
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(Esper, 1806)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2566F343E15FFF1C4456135FD61F9AD" box="[551,656,1624,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A12D83E15FFF1C4C26135FCD1F9AD" box="[672,800,1624,1650]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId-0="10.[151,269,1904,1928]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,269,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[236,1351,226,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[253,1348,220,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[236,1351,194,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[236,1350,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 8. Adults of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 1 – 4, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), ♂; 5 – 8, ditto, Ψ; (left upper side, right underside)." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 16. Adults of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 9 – 10, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), ♂; 11 – 12, ditto Ψ; 13 – 14, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., ♂; 15 – 16, ditto, Ψ; (left upper side, right underside)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/188005/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/188006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1–16</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132A12D83E15FFF1C54C6135FC88F9AD" box="[814,889,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,269,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,198,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Male genitalia of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 33, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), slide G 1419; 34, ditto, slide G 1418; 35, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), slide G 1420; 36, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1455." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188008/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">33–36</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132A12D83E15FFF1C5E46135FC21F9AD" box="[902,976,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="16.[151,269,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[320,1418,204,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,154,1893]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Female genitalia of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 41, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), slide G 1439; 42, ditto, slide G 1445; 43, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), slide G 1431; 44, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1452." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188010/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">41–44</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E15FFF1C6F561CFFD58F966" blockId="4.[151,1436,1698,1785]" box="[151,681,1698,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6F561CFFEE7F966" box="[151,278,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geom[etra]</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C77F61CFFDE4F966" authority="Esper, 1806" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1806" box="[285,533,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C77F61CFFE7FF966" box="[285,398,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tenebraria</emphasis>
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Esper, 1806
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</taxonomicName>
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: pl. 51, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E15FFF1C6F561AFFC8EF926" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E15FFF1C6F561AFFC8EF926" blockId="4.[151,1436,1698,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0129733E15FFF1C6F561AFFC8EF926" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C6F561AFFDD0F906" ID-CoL="94B7M" authority="Hubner, 1799" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1799" box="[151,545,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridaria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6F561AFFE8CF906" box="[151,381,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geometra horridaria</emphasis>
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Hübner, 1799
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</taxonomicName>
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: pl. 28, fig. 149 [Junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C25061AFFAE9F906" box="[1074,1304,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridaria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C25061AFFAE9F906" box="[1074,1304,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geometra horridaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB0284C3E15FFF1C34B61AFFE12F926" author="Denis" page="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1775">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E15FFF1C34B61AFFE40F926" author="Denis" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" refString="[Denis, M. & Schiffermuller, I.] (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am K. K. Theresianum. Augustin Bernardi, Wien, 323 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1775">Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775</bibRefCitation>
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: 100
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</treatmentCitation>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C46B618FFC85F926" authority="Scopoli, 1763" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[521,884,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Glacies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinata">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C46B618FFD4BF926" box="[521,698,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Glacies alpinata</emphasis>
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(Scopoli, 1763))
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E15FFF1C6F56045FD13F89C" box="[151,738,1832,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E15FFF1C6F56045FD13F89C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1832,2013]" box="[151,738,1832,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6F56045FE7AF89D" bold="true" box="[151,395,1832,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
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See below under subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E15FFF0C6A76022FED8FE1F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E15FFF0C6A76022FED8FE1F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1832,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C6A76022FEBCF8B6" bold="true" box="[197,333,1871,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C7356022FDB2F8B7" box="[343,579,1871,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C7356022FDB2F8B7" box="[343,579,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sciadia tenebraria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows an exceptionally high degree of individual and geographical variation which allows the separation of three subspecies:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C5E1601BFB46F850" box="[899,1207,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tenebraria" subSpecies="tenebraria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C5E1601BFB46F850" box="[899,1207,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tenebraria tenebraria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with usually well developed though diffuse whitish fasciae on the underside of the wings;
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C58360F0FB0BF869" box="[993,1274,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tenebraria" subSpecies="wockearia">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C58360F0FB0BF869" box="[993,1274,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tenebraria wockearia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with strongly contrasting, narrow fasciae; and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E15FFF1C44660AEFCCFF803" box="[548,830,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tenebraria" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="taurusica">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C44660AEFCCFF803" box="[548,830,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. tenebraria taurusica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E15FFF1C52460AEFC42F802" bold="true" box="[838,947,1987,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2566F343E15FFF1C52460AEFC42F802" box="[838,947,1987,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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without fasciae. Hence the similarity to other species depends on the subspecies (see diagnoses below). The genitalia are also quite variable, particularly in the reduction or loss of the additional cornutus and of the signum in western populations. In the male the ventral juxta lobes are moderately long and stout with a more or less rounded apex, showing similarities only to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C7E66661FDD2FEFA" box="[388,547,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innuptaria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C7E66661FDD2FEFA" box="[388,547,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. innuptaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this character. The additional cornutus of the vesica is small to absent whereas it is larger in species from the eastern and southern Alps. The female genitalia are distinguished by the membranous and wrinkled corpus bursae, sharing this character only with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C2546634FB44FEAD" box="[1078,1205,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septaria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C2546634FB44FEAD" box="[1078,1205,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. septaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Pyrenees. However, from the latter
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C7DD66EDFDA9FE46" box="[447,600,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C7DD66EDFDA9FE46" box="[447,600,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tenebraria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs by the much larger antrum and at least partially by the presence of a signum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E14FFF0C6F563BAFCEBFACE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E14FFF0C6F563BAFCEBFACE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1239,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C6F563BAFF00FB30" bold="true" box="[151,241,1239,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MAP 2.</emphasis>
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The distribution of taxa of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C42863B5FCE6FB30" box="[586,791,1240,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
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<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C42863B5FCE6FB30" box="[586,791,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sciadia tenebraria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group in the Alps (exclusively based on examined material); altitudinal zones above
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<quantity id="4CE9A3B83E14FFF0C4606397FDA2FACE" box="[514,595,1274,1297]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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s.l. in darker blue.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E14FFF0C6A7622EFCE2FA74" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E14FFF0C6A7622EFCE2FA74" blockId="5.[151,1437,1347,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C6A7622EFE91FA82" bold="true" box="[197,352,1347,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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Adult (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A12D83E14FFF0C7DC622EFDB3FA82" box="[446,578,1347,1373]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId-0="10.[151,269,1904,1928]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,269,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox-0="[236,1351,226,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[253,1348,220,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[236,1351,194,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[236,1350,194,1880]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 8. Adults of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 1 – 4, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), ♂; 5 – 8, ditto, Ψ; (left upper side, right underside)." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 16. Adults of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 9 – 10, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), ♂; 11 – 12, ditto Ψ; 13 – 14, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., ♂; 15 – 16, ditto, Ψ; (left upper side, right underside)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/188005/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/188006/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Variable, detailed description below under subspecies. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A12D83E14FFF0C6C26207FECDFA5B" box="[160,316,1386,1412]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="14.[151,269,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,198,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,166,1905]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Male genitalia of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 33, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), slide G 1419; 34, ditto, slide G 1418; 35, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), slide G 1420; 36, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1455." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188008/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 33–36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Variable, detailed description below under subspecies. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A12D83E14FFF0C2916207FA7EFA5B" box="[1267,1423,1386,1412]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="16.[151,269,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[320,1418,204,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,154,1893]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Female genitalia of the Sciadia tenebraria species group. 41, S. tenebraria tenebraria (Esper), slide G 1439; 42, ditto, slide G 1445; 43, S. tenebraria wockearia (Staudinger), slide G 1431; 44, S. tenebraria taurusica ssp. nov., paratype, slide G 1452." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188010/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 41–44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Variable, detailed description below under subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E14FFF0C6A762DAFE50F966" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E14FFF0C6A762DAFE50F966" blockId="5.[151,1437,1347,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C6A762DAFE9BFA0E" bold="true" box="[197,362,1463,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
From the northern and central to the southwestern parts of the Alps (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C2D962DAFADEFA0E" box="[1211,1327,1463,1489]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C35962DAFA69FA0E" box="[1339,1432,1463,1489]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C6F562B3FEDDFA27" box="[151,300,1502,1528]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C75B62B3FE82FA27" box="[313,371,1502,1528]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C7E262B3FE29FA27" box="[384,472,1502,1528]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
), ranging from the Niedere Tauern to the Hautes Alpes and from the Northern Limestone Alps to the Alpi Orobie. An isolated occurrence is reported from the Hochschwab Mountains in the very east of the Alps.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C7FA6141FD85F99A" box="[408,628,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C7FA6141FD85F99A" box="[408,628,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sciadia tenebraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species of the group in the western Alps. However, in the more southern part of the southwestern Alps of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C49A613FFCC2F9B3" box="[760,819,1618,1644]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C510613FFC36F9B3" box="[882,967,1618,1644]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is absent. On the southeastern and northeastern border of the Alps it is replaced by other species. Records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3064ECD3E14FFF0C2336114FB4DF94C" box="[1105,1212,1657,1683]" name="Slovakia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E14FFF0C2AF6114FA97F94C" author="Leraut" box="[1229,1382,1657,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Leraut, P. (2008) Contribution a l´etude du genre Sciadia Hubner, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (2), 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">Leraut 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are erroneous (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B5DD63E14FFF3C6A761ABFB27FE45" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE0E5D3E14FFF3C6A761ABFB27FE45" blockId="5.[151,1437,1347,2031]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,410]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C6A761ABFECFF93F" bold="true" box="[197,318,1734,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The validity of the usually neglected senior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C5DB61ABFBA3F900" box="[953,1106,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C5DB61ABFBA3F900" box="[953,1106,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. horridaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could have been a matter of discussion because it was used as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C4A16180FCB5F8D9" box="[707,836,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torvaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C4A16180FCB5F8D9" box="[707,836,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. torvaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[a junior synonym] and hence as a valid name by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E14FFF0C6F5607EFEAFF8F2" author="Oberthur" box="[151,350,1811,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" refString="Oberthur, C. (1913): VIII Suite de la Revision des Phalenites decrites par A. Guenee dans le Species General. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 7, 237 - 331." type="journal article" year="1913">Oberthür (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Furthermore
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E14FFF0C46A607EFD43F8F2" author="Scoble" box="[520,690,1811,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" refString="Scoble, M. J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World. A Catalogue. CSIRO-Publishing, Collingwood, 2, 485 - 1016 + index." type="journal article" year="1999">Scoble (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C2476079FB33F8F2" box="[1061,1218,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C2476079FB33F8F2" box="[1061,1218,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. tenebraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[again as a junior synonym] and finally
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E14FFF0C7C36057FDB6F88B" author="Leraut" box="[417,583,1850,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Leraut, P. (2008) Contribution a l´etude du genre Sciadia Hubner, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (2), 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">Leraut (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reintroduced the name, though standing against the spirit of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E14FFF0C3356057FF17F8A4" author="ICZN" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarding nomenclatural stability and against the provisions of Articles 23.9.6 and 23.11. Provisions for a reversal of precedence, particularly those of Art. 23.9.1.1 stating that the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899, would therefore not have been exactly fulfilled and we would have had to follow the Principle of Priority (Art. 23.2). However, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E14FFF0C5C860B8FB5FF831" box="[938,1198,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E14FFF0C5C860B8FB5FF831" box="[938,1198,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geometra horridaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was independently published for two separate taxa by [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E17FFF3C45967F5FC36FF6D" box="[571,967,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="[Denis, M. & Schiffermuller, I.] (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am K. K. Theresianum. Augustin Bernardi, Wien, 323 pp., 2 pls." type="book">Denis and Schiffermüller] (1775)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Hübner (1799). Though the former is currently considered as a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E17FFF3C50767D2FB5DFF07" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" box="[869,1196,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Glacies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E17FFF3C50767D2FBC3FF07" box="[869,1074,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Glacies alpinata</emphasis>
|
||
(Scopoli)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both taxa are to be treated as primary homonyms since they were originally described in the same genus. Following Art. 52.2 and 53.3 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8073AC3E17FFF3C7796661FE45FEF9" author="ICZN" box="[283,436,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a junior homonym can not be used as a valid name, with only few exceptions defined in Art. 23.9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E17FFF3C75A665FFD01FE93" authority="Hubner, 1799" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1799" box="[312,752,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E17FFF3C75A665FFDCEFE94" box="[312,575,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Geometra horridaria</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, 1799
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not meet these conditions and hence this name is considered invalid. Remarks on additional names are provided below under relevant subspecies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1175DE3E17FFF3C3236634FEE2FE46" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sciadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebraria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965D24F3E17FFF3C3236634FEE2FE46" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sciadia tenebraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of three externally separated subspecies, which largely agree in genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |