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<document id="716908861FEBB25C2B1F6A9F5361F198" ID-CLB-Dataset="3976" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5dc17a27-e095-4dc8-b10d-09fc935dbf45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560580" ID-ZooBank="F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633934480407" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. &amp; Ale-Rocha, Rosaly" docDate="2021" docId="0384CB1BA478C95196892C88FBC6FEB1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5049.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5049 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Syneches amorimi Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A7E0832A-238A-4510-B9C4-7F6D059245FC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFBDB363A472C95C961E2F45FFF7FFD5" masterDocTitle="Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1699459431163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="91D91DF6D1963D62E9DA2F6B4CEA5504">Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20BA9EEA11CDFCA742BEC8D3E3338F1E">Soares, Matheus M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B265929F70D0CCA2378B6C621DA71FE6" type="email">matheusmmsoares@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="458085EAF9DB4E7F08181BC00983858A">Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EEF9CC5936A11C9F98D727E2DC7E63AA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7560-4939</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="29A50891B403829D3894BE6CDF00719B" type="email">rpfreitas.silva@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8E3DCD7201FD96B8FE17DCF110BF2069">Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1ECEE2834F168A20E1F2B29AB435F48D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9874-9770</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8617D57720A963128E4C238A5C590737" type="email">alerocha@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CABD858305C4D29908258C42383063D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EA39F62FE756737A3A66F0212E13F56E">
<mods:date id="2696332D1B90D0153C9059706B51D7BD">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11F7A415F68DAFDCC9FD65243F464279">2021-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="61C3C45E642F1C0BCA9374F640042052">5049</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0384CB1BA478C95196892C88FBC6FEB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560706" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189091533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560706" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7E0832A-238A-4510-B9C4-7F6D059245FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384CB1BA478C95196892C88FBC6FEB1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C3372986A478C95696892C88FE2CFC3D" box="[151,475,973,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA478C95696892C88FE2CFC3D" blockId="10.[151,475,973,1037]" box="[151,475,973,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0DACD61A478C95696892C88FE2CFC3D" bold="true" box="[151,475,973,1000]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA478C95696892C88FE2CFC3D" bold="true" box="[151,475,973,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA478C95696892C88FE81FC3D" ID-CoL="9HSYX" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,374,973,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA478C95696892C88FE81FC3D" bold="true" box="[151,374,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Syneches amorimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A478C95697632C8BFE2CFC3D" box="[381,475,974,1000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A478C95696892CB7FE6BFBD8" box="[151,412,1010,1037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA478C95696892CB7FE6BFBD8" blockId="10.[151,475,973,1037]" box="[151,412,1010,1037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95696812CB7FEEBFBD9" box="[159,284,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95697392CB7FE9CFBD8" box="[295,363,1010,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1154,1178]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,193,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. A–C. Male terminalia (holotype). A. Epandrium and hypandrium, phallus and postgonite darkened, ventral view; B. Epandrium with cerci, dorsal view; C. Left epandrial lamella with cercus, lateral view. D–E. Female terminalia (paratype from type-locality) in dorsal and ventral views respectively. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand— epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; hyprct—hypoproct; st—sternite; tg—tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560598/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95697682CB7FE64FBD8" box="[374,403,1010,1037]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,181,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-19@77.[213,1373,181,1001]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 51. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. amorimi sp. nov.; S. barrettoi sp. nov.; S. catarinae Smith, 1962 and S. digitatus sp. nov. in Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560732/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">51</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A478C95696892B7CFD4CFADD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA478C95696892B7CFD4CFADD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1081,2008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA478C95696892B7CFEE5FB86" bold="true" box="[151,274,1081,1107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium size (
<quantity id="4CD5D7E8A478C95697A32B7FFDE1FB81" box="[445,534,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95694312B7FFD7CFB81" box="[559,651,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Antenna yellow, but postpedicel brown with yellow base, bearing 2 mediodorsal bristles (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95697982B1BFE29FBAD" box="[390,478,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Scutum dark brown, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95692842B1BFB06FBAD" box="[1178,1265,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); pleura yellow except anepisternum brown (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95697C32BC7FDC1FB49" box="[477,566,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Legs long and slender; fore tarsomeres 1–2 and basal half of hind tibia dark yellow, mid tarsomeres 4–5, fore and hind tarsomeres 3–5 brown, apex of hind femur and apical half of hind tibia dark brown, otherwise yellow (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95697E72B8FFD8BFB31" box="[505,636,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4A, D</figureCitation>
). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma wide, brown, about 2.5 x longer than wide, filling apex of cell r
<subScript id="17A97848A478C956945E2A45FDBFFADB" attach="left" box="[576,584,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95694492BABFD58FADD" box="[599,687,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A478C95096D92A54FC40F92B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA478C95096D92A54FBA9F947" blockId="10.[151,1437,1081,2008]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,1332,2043]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA478C95696D92A54FEAEFAFE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1297,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA478C956977F2A57FE3EFAF9" box="[353,457,1298,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95694042A57FD81FAF9" box="[538,630,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Body length:
<quantity id="4CD5D7E8A478C95695392A57FC75FAF9" box="[807,898,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; wing length:
<quantity id="4CD5D7E8A478C95692392A57FB76FAF9" box="[1063,1153,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95692C42A57FAC2FAF9" box="[1242,1333,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Ocellar triangle protuberant, covered with gray pruinescence; 2 pairs of ocellar bristles, anterior pair long, about 2 x longer than posterior pair. Face black covered with gray pruinescence. Antenna yellow, but postpedicel brown with yellow base; postpedicel short, oval, about 1.4 x longer than wide, as long as preceding segments combined, covered with golden pruinescence, bearing 2 mediodorsal bristles, one of them almost 2 x longer than postpedicel, other about as long as postpedicel; antennal stylus brown, about 3 x longer than preceding segments combined, short pubescent, bare on apical 1/4. Proboscis and palpus yellow; palpifer brown; palpus short, about 1/4 proboscis length, covered with golden pruinescence, with 2 bristles longer than palpus (1 medioventral and 1 apical). Postcranium black, covered with gray pruinescence. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95694A12977FCEEF999" box="[703,793,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Proepisternum short; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Pronotum and scutum dark brown, but posterior margin of pprn lb and pal cal yellow, both pronotum and scutum covered with golden pruinescence, except on prescutellar disc with gray pruinescence; scutum as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view. Scutellum brown, pale on anterior margin, covered with golden pruinescence. Pleura yellow except anepisternum brown and anepimeron and laterotergite with small central brown spot. Mediotergite brown. Chaetotaxy: acr 6-serial, dc uniserial, bristles short and sparse; prescutellar disc with acr and dc bristles biserial long, posterior one of each longest and curved apically; 2 npl long, strong and close to each other; 2 pal bristles (anterior short and thin, posterior long and strong, about 4 x longer than anterior); scutellum with 10 marginal bristles [
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA478C956972A2817FE6FF8B9" box="[308,408,1874,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A478C95697812814FE44F8B9" box="[415,435,1873,1900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
] (1 apical pair parallel, 1 subapical pair long, strong and divergent, about 2 x longer than apical pair, 3 lateral pairs similar to apical pair). Legs (
<figureCitation id="13166688A478C95694EE2833FC98F845" box="[752,879,1910,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4A, D</figureCitation>
). Long and slender. Fore tarsomeres 1–2 and basal half of hind tibia dark yellow; mid tarsomeres 4–5 and fore and hind tarsomeres 3–5 brown; apex of hind femur and apical half of hind tibia dark brown; otherwise yellow. Chaetotaxy: fore tibia with 1D series of long and sparse bristles; mid femur with 1AV and 1PV series of long bristles, shortening toward apex of femur; mid tibia with 1D long bristle on basal third, 1AV and 1PV long and strong subapical bristles; hind femur with 1AV series of long and thin bristles; hind tibia with 1D long bristle on mid-length, 1AD and 2PD long subapical bristles. Wing (
<figureCitation id="13166688A479C95793262F9AFA67FF2C" box="[1336,1424,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma wide, brown, about 2.5 x longer than wide, extended from apex of vein R
<subScript id="17A97848A47EC95093782A02FA99FA80" attach="left" box="[1382,1390,1351,1365]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
and filling apex of cell r
<subScript id="17A97848A47EC95097662A2EFE77FAAC" attach="left" box="[376,384,1387,1401]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
; R
<subScript id="17A97848A47EC95097BD2A2EFE4BFAAC" attach="left" box="[419,444,1387,1401]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2+3</subScript>
slightly angulate at apex; second section of vein M
<subScript id="17A97848A47EC950921D2A2EFBFCFAAC" attach="left" box="[1027,1035,1387,1401]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
as long as r-m; cell bm longer than cells br and cua; cells br and cua subequally long. Halter dark brown, except base of stem yellow. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13166688A47EC95093712A39FF49FA6F" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-79@11.[151,1435,273,1888]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Long, about 2.5 x longer than thorax. Brown, covered with reddish brown pruinescence; dorsal bristles short and dark brown, dorsolateral bristles long and yellow.
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47EC95094E72A81FC96FA0B" box="[761,865,1476,1502]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="13166688A47EC95092382A81FB50FA0A" box="[1062,1191,1476,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1154,1178]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,193,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. A–C. Male terminalia (holotype). A. Epandrium and hypandrium, phallus and postgonite darkened, ventral view; B. Epandrium with cerci, dorsal view; C. Left epandrial lamella with cercus, lateral view. D–E. Female terminalia (paratype from type-locality) in dorsal and ventral views respectively. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand— epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; hyprct—hypoproct; st—sternite; tg—tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5A–C</figureCitation>
): hypandrium slightly narrowed towards distal margin, with median shallow marginal concavity and two short apical lobes, each bearing 1 long bristle, reaching half-length of exposed part of phallus. Phallus short and wide, apex rounded, lateral flaps short, pointing to base of phallus, arising next to base of phallus. Postgonite slightly longer than exposed part of phallus, slightly sclerotized on basal half. Dorsal connection of epandrial lamellae narrow. Epandrial lamella wide in lateral view, narrower on apical third, with short and narrow apicodorsal projection.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF522A85A479C95796892832FDB0F866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1911,1935]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1868]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA479C95796892832FDB0F866" blockId="11.[151,1437,1911,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA479C95796892832FEE4F85A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1911,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA479C95797072832FE25F85A" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,466,1911,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA479C95797072832FE25F85A" box="[281,466,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Syneches amorimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA479C95797C62832FDDEF85A" bold="true" box="[472,553,1911,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A479C95797C62832FDDEF85A" box="[472,553,1911,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Thorax, lateral view; C. Head, laterodorsal view; D. Hind leg, anterior view; E. Wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF522A85A47EC95096892BC7FAF8FAD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1154,1178]" targetBox="[156,1431,193,1121]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47EC95096892BC7FAF8FAD3" blockId="12.[151,1437,1154,1286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95096892BC7FEE2FB4F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1154,1178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47EC95097032BC7FE2EFB4F" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,473,1154,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95097032BC7FE2EFB4F" box="[285,473,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syneches amorimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95097FF2BC7FDC4FB4F" bold="true" box="[481,563,1154,1178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A47EC95097FF2BC7FDC4FB4F" box="[481,563,1154,1178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A–C. Male terminalia (holotype). A. Epandrium and hypandrium, phallus and postgonite darkened, ventral view; B. Epandrium with cerci, dorsal view; C. Left epandrial lamella with cercus, lateral view. D–E. Female terminalia (paratype from type-locality) in dorsal and ventral views respectively. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand— epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; hyprct—hypoproct; st—sternite; tg—tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47EC95096D929D9FC40F92B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1332,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Female. Similar to male, except for yellow scutellum. Female terminalia (
<figureCitation id="13166688A47EC950920A29D9FB61F962" box="[1044,1174,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1154,1178]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,193,1121]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1435,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Syneches amorimi sp. nov. A–C. Male terminalia (holotype). A. Epandrium and hypandrium, phallus and postgonite darkened, ventral view; B. Epandrium with cerci, dorsal view; C. Left epandrial lamella with cercus, lateral view. D–E. Female terminalia (paratype from type-locality) in dorsal and ventral views respectively. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand— epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; hyprct—hypoproct; st—sternite; tg—tergite. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 5D, E</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 rectangular, about 2 x longer than wide, lateral bristles long; sternite 8 long, about 3 x longer than wide, narrower, and membranous on central portion of proximal half; cercus longer than sternite 10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A47EC95096D9284DFBAEF866" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47EC95096D9284DFBAEF866" blockId="12.[151,1437,1332,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95096D9284DFE8EF8F7" bold="true" box="[199,377,1800,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A47EC950979A284DFBB7F8BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360512" collectingDate="2006-11-02" collectingDateMax="2006-11-05" collectingDateMin="2006-11-02" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Oliveira" country="Brazil" location="Corrego da Onca" longitude="-46.368053" municipality="Botelhos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47EC950979A284DFDEFF8F7" box="[388,536,1800,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A47EC950943A284CFDCEF8F6" box="[548,569,1801,1827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A47EC9509455284DFD5BF8F7" box="[587,684,1800,1826]" country="Brazil" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
) labelled: “
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA47EC950952B284DFC69F8F7" box="[821,926,1800,1826]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
, MG [
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA47EC95095F2284DFB78F8F6" box="[1004,1167,1800,1827]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
],
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A47EC95092BB284DFAFCF8F7" box="[1189,1291,1800,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Botelhos</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF22CD6A47EC9509305284DFF22F893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA478C95196892C88FBC6FEB1:8EF22CD6A47EC9509305284DFF22F893" country="Brazil" longitude="-46.368053" municipality="Botelhos" name="Corrego da Onca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Córrego da Onça</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA47EC95096FA286BFE93F89C" box="[228,356,1838,1865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21°40′90″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE191CCAA47EC9509770286BFE0DF89C" box="[366,506,1838,1865]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-46.368053">46°22′05″W</geoCoordinate>
, Varredura,
<date id="FF935CCDA47EC95094962869FCDBF892" box="[648,812,1836,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006-11-02" valueMax="2006-11-05" valueMin="2006-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFD7A525A47EC95094962869FCDBF892" box="[648,812,1836,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006-11-02" valueMax="2006-11-05" valueMin="2006-11-02">02–05.xi.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, Amorim, Falaschi &amp;
<collectorName id="26D81FDBA47EC950922F2869FB7AF893" box="[1073,1165,1836,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oliveira</collectorName>
col., BIOTA-FAPESP” “
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47EC95096BF2815FECCF8BF" box="[161,315,1872,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47EC95097562815FC59F8BF" authority="Soares, Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityName="Soares, Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" box="[328,942,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95097562815FDEFF8BF" box="[328,536,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syneches amorimi</emphasis>
Soares, Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha
</taxonomicName>
[red label]”
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47EC95092532815FB42F8BF" box="[1101,1205,1872,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
condition: left hind femur broken, right hind tarsus broken off, left wing mounted between cover slides, male terminalia dissected and stored in microvial.
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A47EC950976728DDFBA2F866" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360479" box="[377,1109,1944,1971]" collectingDate="2006-11-02" collectingDateMax="2006-11-05" collectingDateMin="2006-11-02" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="da Onca &amp; Oliveira" country="Brazil" location="Corrego da Onca" longitude="-46.368053" municipality="Botelhos" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47EC950976728DDFDE0F867" box="[377,535,1944,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
. Same data as holotype (
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A47EC950953128DDFCA0F866" box="[815,855,1944,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, MZUSP;
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A47EC95095CF28DDFC0CF866" box="[977,1019,1944,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A47EC950921728DCFBBAF866" box="[1033,1101,1945,1971]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A47EC95096D928F9FD86F82F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47EC95096D928F9FD86F82F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1332,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95096D928F9FE96F803" bold="true" box="[199,353,1980,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA47EC950977428F9FE59F803" box="[362,430,1980,2006]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA47EC95097A128F9FDACF802" box="[447,603,1980,2007]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="13166688A47EC950946B28F9FD3DF802" box="[629,714,1980,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="77.[151,250,1026,1050]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,181,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-19@77.[213,1373,181,1001]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 51. Syneches Walker. Geographical records of S. amorimi sp. nov.; S. barrettoi sp. nov.; S. catarinae Smith, 1962 and S. digitatus sp. nov. in Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560732/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47EC95094FF28F9FC47F803" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[737,944,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95094FF28F9FC47F803" box="[737,944,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syneches amorimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47EC95095A728F9FBE2F803" bold="true" box="[953,1045,1980,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A47EC95095A728F9FBE2F803" box="[953,1045,1980,2006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is currently known only from the type-locality, in the Atlantic Forest biome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A47FC95196D92FD3FA6BFEC8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47FC95196D92FD3FA6BFEC8" blockId="13.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95196D92FD3FECCFF65" bold="true" box="[199,315,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC951946A2FD2FD3DFF65" authorityName=", Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[628,714,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC951946A2FD2FD75FF64" box="[628,642,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95194912FD3FD3DFF65" box="[655,714,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC95194E12FD2FC65FF65" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[767,914,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plaumanni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95194E12FD2FCFAFF64" box="[767,781,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95195042FD3FC65FF65" box="[794,914,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">plaumanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95195862FD3FC06FF65" bold="true" box="[920,1009,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A47FC95195862FD3FC06FF65" box="[920,1009,150,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
due to the slender aspect and long and slender legs. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC95197852FFEFDE1FF01" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[411,534,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorimi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95197852FFEFDE1FF01" box="[411,534,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. amorimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95194022FFFFD82FF01" bold="true" box="[540,629,186,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A47FC95194022FFFFD82FF01" box="[540,629,186,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from the other two species by the yellow scape and pedicel, postpedicel bearing 2 long mediodorsal bristles and pterostigma wide, filling the apex of cell r
<subScript id="17A97848A47FC95192942FB4FB65FF2A" attach="left" box="[1162,1170,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
. Contrastingly,
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC951935B2F9AFA6BFF2D" authorityName=", Menezes &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2016" box="[1349,1436,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC951935B2F9AFAA4FF2C" box="[1349,1363,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC951937F2F9BFA6BFF2D" box="[1377,1436,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC95196D92E46FEACFEC9" authority="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha, 2021" authorityName="Soares &amp; Freitas-Silva &amp; Ale-Rocha" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,347,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plaumanni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95196D92E46FF22FEC8" box="[199,213,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95196FD2E47FEACFEC9" box="[227,347,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">plaumanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC951977F2E47FE4CFEC9" bold="true" box="[353,443,258,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A1B64A47FC951977F2E47FE4CFEC9" box="[353,443,258,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have brown antennae and the pterostigma is long and oval, not filling the apex of cell r
<subScript id="17A97848A47FC95193932E50FA62FEF6" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3372986A47FC95196D92E63FBC6FEB1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA47FC95196D92E63FBC6FEB1" blockId="13.[151,1436,150,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B959A61FA47FC95196D92E63FEB9FE95" bold="true" box="[199,334,294,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after Dr. Dalton Amorim, Brazilian dipterologist who has contributed substantially to the knowledge of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA47FC95194682E0FFD3DFEB1" box="[630,714,330,356]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
and collected the
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA47FC95195882E0EFC31FEB0" box="[918,966,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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