292 lines
36 KiB
XML
292 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6AC9FE6B9D3004123AE2CD0805EB0CB0">Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BC426E897E6D42BFA165F085B55EEFB">Soares, Matheus M. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67D13FA098238672F02873858F2E2002">Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="196847EFDF18E49854B9B450908C7734">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A458C97696892804FDFDF88E" box="[151,522,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA458C97696892804FDFDF88E" blockId="42.[151,522,1857,1919]" box="[151,522,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0DACD61A458C97696892804FDFDF88E" bold="true" box="[151,522,1857,1884]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA458C97696892804FDFDF88E" ID-CoL="53VQC" authority="(Wiedemann)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[151,522,1857,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA458C97696892804FDFDF88E" bold="true" box="[151,522,1857,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA458C97696892804FEAFF889" bold="true" box="[151,344,1857,1884]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
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(Wiedemann)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA458C97696892820FEC5F8AA" blockId="42.[151,522,1857,1919]" box="[151,306,1893,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13166688A458C97696812820FEDDF8AA" box="[159,298,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 28A–C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3372986A458C970968928EFFAA5FEB0" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA458C976968928EFFDE3F817" blockId="42.[151,1425,1962,2017]" box="[151,532,1962,1986]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA458C976968928EFFDE7F817" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[151,528,1962,1986]" page="647" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1830">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA458C976968928EFFDE7F817" ID-CoL="9HTH3" authority="Wiedemann, 1830: 647" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="647" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,528,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA458C976968928EFFEECF817" box="[151,283,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hybos luteus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA458C976973F28EFFDE7F817" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[289,528,1962,1986]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref53640" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830: 647</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B927A0DA458C9779689288DFE44FE94" blockId="42.[151,1425,1962,2017]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D5D23A458C9779689288DFE44FE94" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA458C9769689288DFE03F834" author="Bezzi, M." box="[151,500,1992,2017]" page="314" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1909">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA458C9769689288DFE03F834" ID-CoL="53VQC" authority=": Bezzi, 1909: 314" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="314" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,500,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA458C9769689288DFEC0F835" box="[151,311,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA458C976975A288DFE03F834" author="Bezzi, M." box="[324,500,1992,2017]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="297 - 406" refId="ref51642" refString="Bezzi, M. (1909) Beitraege zur Kenntniss der sudamerikanischen Dipterenfauna aug Grund der Sammelergebnisse einer Reise in Chile, Peru und Bolivia, ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1902 - 1904 von W. Schnuse. Fam. Empididae. Nova Acta Leopolino Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 91, 297 - 406." type="journal article" year="1909">Bezzi, 1909: 314</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA458C97697E0288DFD5AF834" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[510,685,1992,2017]" page="213" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1962">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA458C97697E0288DFD5AF834" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[510,685,1992,2017]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="195 - 266" refId="ref52922" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1962) Studies on the Brazilian Empididae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 114 (7), 195 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1962. tb 01079. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Smith, 1962: 213</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(cit.); 1967: 10 (cat.);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C5C1CA458C976958C288CFB85F834" author="Yang, D. & Yao, G. & Zhang, K. & Zhang, J." box="[914,1138,1992,2017]" page="310" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2007">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA458C976958C288CFB85F834" author="Yang, D. & Yao, G. & Zhang, K. & Zhang, J." box="[914,1138,1992,2017]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref53740" refString="Yang, D., Yao, G., Zhang, K. & Zhang, J. (2007) World catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, 704 pp." type="book" year="2007">
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||
Yang
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA458C97695D3288CFC0DF835" box="[973,1018,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2007: 310
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(cat.).
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<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA458C97692A4288CFB1BF834" box="[1210,1260,1993,2017]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA458C9769352288DFA7AF835" box="[1356,1421,1992,2016]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<emphasis id="B959A61FA459C97796892FD3FEE5FF65" bold="true" box="[151,274,150,176]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Medium size (5.0 mm) (
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||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C977942C2FD2FD6AFF64" box="[562,669,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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). Antenna yellow, with postpedicel dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97792D72FD2FAC5FF64" box="[1225,1330,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
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). Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with pale golden pruinescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97792852FFEFAF2FF00" box="[1179,1285,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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||
). Hind femur slightly swollen; legs mostly yellow, fore tibia dark yellow, hind femur with brown spot on apex, fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5 darker (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97797BF2E46FDFCFEC8" box="[417,523,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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). Wing hyaline, pterostigma inconspicuous; second section of M
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<subScript id="17A97848A459C97792FC2E50FB1DFEF6" attach="left" box="[1250,1258,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">1</subScript>
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2 x longer than crossvein r-m (
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||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97797212E62FE51FE94" box="[319,422,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF522A85A459C97796892A1CFE03FA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" targetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" targetPageId="43">
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||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA459C97796892A1CFE03FA40" blockId="43.[151,1437,1369,1429]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA459C97796892A1CFED7FAA4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1369,1393]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA459C97797392A1CFD6CFAA7" ID-CoL="53VQC" authority="(Wiedemann, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[295,667,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA459C97797392A1CFE3FFAA4" box="[295,456,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA459C97797CB2A1CFD63FAA7" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[469,660,1369,1394]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref53640" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA459C97096D92A86FAA5FEB0" blockId="43.[151,1437,1475,2042]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA459C97796D92A86FE89FA08" bold="true" box="[199,382,1475,1501]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Re-description.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A459C970979A2A81FAA5FEB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360377" collectionCode="PV, PD, AD, AV, V" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA459C977979A2A81FE1BFA0B" box="[388,492,1476,1502]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A459C97797ED2A81FDFFFA0B" box="[499,520,1476,1502]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97794092A81FD77FA0B" box="[535,640,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length: 5.0 mm. Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD5D7E8A459C977923A2A81FB8BFA0B" box="[1060,1148,1476,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97792CE2A81FAC0FA0B" box="[1232,1335,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar triangle protuberant, covered with gray pruinescence; 2 pairs of ocellar bristles, anterior pair long, about 2 x longer than posterior pair. Face black covered with gray pruinescence. Antenna yellow except postpedicel dark brown; postpedicel oval, about 1.6 x longer than wide, about as long as preceding segments combined, covered with pale golden pruinescence, bearing 2 long mediodorsal bristles, about as long as postpedicel; antennal stylus brown, about 3 x longer than preceding segments combined, short pubescent, except apical 1/5 bare. Proboscis dark yellow; palpus and palpifer brown, palpus short, about 1/5 length of proboscis, covered with concolorous pruinescence, with 2 long bristles (1 apical and 1 medioventral). Postcranium black, covered with gray pruinescence. Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97793712985FF3BF92B" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proepisternum short; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Pronotum brown, covered with golden pruinescence. Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with pale golden pruinescence. Pleura pale brown, katepisternum and meron darker. Chaetotaxy: prescutellar disc with 1 long and thin acr bristle and 1 long and strong dc bristle; 2 npl long and strong bristle, 2 pal bristles (anterior short and thin, posterior long and strong); scutellum with 18 marginal bristles (3 bristles longer than others). Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A459C97792552831FB44F85B" box="[1099,1203,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore femur slightly swollen on basal half; mid femur slender; hind femur slightly swollen. Legs mostly yellow, fore tibia dark yellow, brown spot on apex of hind femur, fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5 darker. Chaetotaxy: mid tibia with 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A459C977931D28F9FADCF803" box="[1283,1323,1980,2006]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PV</collectionCode>
|
||
long subapical bristle, exceeding half-length of mid tarsomere 1, 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A459C977950428A5FCB4F82F" box="[794,835,2016,2042]" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PD</collectionCode>
|
||
bristle at mid-length, 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A459C977925A28A5FB86F82F" box="[1092,1137,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AD</collectionCode>
|
||
subapical bristle and 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A459C977936628A5FA6BF82F" box="[1400,1436,2016,2042]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">AV</collectionCode>
|
||
apical bristle; hind femur with 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC97097E62FD2FDD6FF64" box="[504,545,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AD</collectionCode>
|
||
long and strong bristles on apical third, 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC97095F92FD2FBFAFF64" box="[999,1037,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AV</collectionCode>
|
||
spiniform bristles (1 on mid-length, 1 subapical), 3
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC97097262FFEFEBAFF00" box="[312,333,187,213]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
spiniform bristles on apical third; hind tibia with 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC970959C2FFEFC5CFF00" box="[898,939,187,213]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">AD</collectionCode>
|
||
long and strong subapical bristles, 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC97093212FFEFA93FF00" box="[1343,1380,187,213]" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">PD</collectionCode>
|
||
long subapical bristles reaching half-length of hind tarsomere 1, 1A apical bristle. Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13166688A45EC97092272F9AFB68FF2C" box="[1081,1183,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetId="figure-93@43.[151,1435,345,1345]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 28. Syneches luteus (Wiedemann, 1830). Holotype female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Wing. Figures provided by Isis Menezes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5560666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5560666/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hyaline; pterostigma inconspicuous; vein R
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A45EC97097932E50FE51FEF6" attach="left" box="[397,422,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">2+3</subScript>
|
||
slightly angulate near apex; second section of M
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A45EC97095DF2E50FC3EFEF6" attach="left" box="[961,969,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
|
||
2 x longer than crossvein r-m; cells br and bm subequally long, both slightly longer than cell cua. Abdomen.About 2 x longer than thorax; dark brown, covered with reddish brown pruinescence; dorsal bristles shorter and brown, laterodorsal bristles longest and yellow.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A45EC97096D92E2AFE72FE5C" box="[199,389,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA45EC97096D92E2AFE72FE5C" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,389,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A45EC97096D92ED6FB28FE04" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA45EC97096D92ED6FB28FE04" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97096D92ED6FE07FE79" bold="true" box="[199,496,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B457050A45EC97097E92ED6FA6EFE78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387360514" box="[503,1433,402,429]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Brazil" county="Freyreiss" location="Brasilia" municipality="Georg Wilhelm" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA45EC97097E92ED6FD7CFE78" box="[503,651,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2BB184A45EC970948D2ED6FD5FFE78" box="[659,680,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3CE2C8A45EC97094A92ED6FD05FE78" box="[695,754,403,429]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
) labelled: “
|
||
<location id="8EF22CD6A45EC970956D2ED6FC3AFE78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0384CB1BA458C97096892804FA99FC1C:8EF22CD6A45EC970956D2ED6FC3AFE78" box="[883,973,403,429]" country="Brazil" county="Freyreiss" municipality="Georg Wilhelm" name="Brasilia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brasilia</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA45EC97095C52ED7FBBFFE78" box="[987,1096,402,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
], [
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6E077A45EC970927F2ED6FAE2FE78" box="[1121,1301,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Georg Wilhelm</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
]
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F30281A45EC970933C2ED6FA78FE78" box="[1314,1423,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Freyreiss</collectingCounty>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA45EC97096892EF2FF08FE04" box="[151,255,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
condition: body covered with fungi, thorax damaged by the pin, abdomen not dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A45EC97096D92E9FFE44FE20" box="[199,435,474,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA45EC97096D92E9FFE44FE20" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,435,474,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97096D92E9FFE96FE21" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA45EC97097792E9EFE58FE20" box="[359,431,475,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3372986A45EC97096D92EBAFA99FC1C" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA45EC97096D92EBAFEF6FD18" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97096D92EBAFECCFDCC" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC970975D2EBAFE02FDCC" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[323,501,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC970975D2EBAFE02FDCC" box="[323,501,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium size species with 18 marginal scutellar bristles. This great number of scutellar bristles and the second section of M
|
||
<subScript id="17A97848A45EC97094962D70FD67FD96" attach="left" box="[648,656,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">1</subScript>
|
||
twice longer than crossvein r-m is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97092862D66FAF5FDE9" box="[1176,1282,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97092862D66FB51FDE8" box="[1176,1190,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97092AD2D66FAF5FDE9" box="[1203,1282,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">atratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97093112D66FA62FDE9" box="[1295,1429,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catarinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97093112D66FAEAFDE8" box="[1295,1309,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97093342D66FA62FDE9" box="[1322,1429,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">catarinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97096892D02FEE3FDB5" authorityName="Det." baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,276,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97096892D02FF52FDB4" box="[151,165,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97096AB2D02FEE3FDB5" box="[181,276,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">curvipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97097502D02FE37FDB4" box="[334,448,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97097502D02FEABFDB4" box="[334,348,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97097722D02FE37FDB4" box="[364,448,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are medium to large size species. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97092062D02FB3DFDB4" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1048,1226,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97092062D02FB3DFDB4" box="[1048,1226,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have the wide prosternum nor colored pterostigma.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97094682D2EFCD0FD50" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[630,807,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97094682D2EFCD0FD50" box="[630,807,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Syneches luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from the above mentioned species by the antenna yellow with dark brown postpedicel, legs mostly yellow and wing hyaline with pterostigma inconspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B927A0DA45EC97096D92D92FA99FC1C" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The extensive damage on the scutum of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5496C4AFA45EC97094AC2D92FCE3FD24" box="[690,788,727,753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
did not allow us to describe the acrostichal and dorsocentral series and we were not able to associate this female with any male, or even include additional specimens to this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA45EC97096E82C5AFE39FCEC" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[246,462,799,825]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref53640" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xii + 684 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the species based upon the specimens collected by Mr. Wilhelm Freyreiss, a German naturalist who made expeditions between 1812–1814 through the current Brazilian administrative States of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA45EC97096892C22FECAFC54" box="[151,317,871,897]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA45EC97097562C22FE1CFC54" box="[328,491,871,897]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA45EC97097E92C22FDCFFC54" box="[503,568,871,897]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E9B4EFA45EC97094712C22FCF1FC54" box="[623,774,871,897]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC07FCA45EC970950B2C22FC35FC54" author="Papavero, N." box="[789,962,871,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref52657" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. 2. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 217 - 446." type="book" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, despite not being able to provide a more precise distribution of the species other than that provided above, it is reasonable to suppose that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D018EA45EC97093222CCEFA6BFC70" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1340,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Syneches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959A61FA45EC97093222CCEFA6BFC70" box="[1340,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. luteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Atlantic Forest biome and it may occur from the northern Southeast to southern Northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33A3A9DA45EC970933C2CEAFA9DFC1C" box="[1314,1386,943,969]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |