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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9796" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.971.35875" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ddf8964-abef-45d2-8fcd-8f6ad98ff551" ID-PMC="PMC7529831" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-971-31" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D3083BEA39A15A37BE3EE51249478EB6" ID-PubMed="33061772" ID-ZooBank="16EEDB7D13414DD09498A37D9F0DC5DD" ModsDocID="1313-2970-971-31" checkinTime="1601052687505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ren, Jinlong &amp; Yang, Ding" docDate="2020" docId="F03D58A41A445EDB84E11616F83D1B77" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 971: 31-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 971" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.971.35875" docTitle="Limonia macrostigma" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="D3083BEA39A15A37BE3EE51249478EB6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="D3083BEA39A15A37BE3EE51249478EB6" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Limonia Meigen, 1803 from Northwest China (Diptera, Limoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1732750239493" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED896E140BCC8510F2AEA015A20FB3D9">Two new species of Limonia Meigen, 1803 from Northwest China (Diptera, Limoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6B8E188BE4152E707FBF79D2D56F469">Ren, Jinlong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A4D1E923E83BF18415D226275B670145">Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control on the Crop and Forest, College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China &amp; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5BE515E297BC9060FC24D8FFA18F2B83">Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C746964A98CC4424BB8F70AA6CD5E9DC">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="580620C8E0599156F74D7CC3A40B5A84">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE944ED13ACD2166689F16A4C333181F">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F03D58A41A445EDB84E11616F83D1B77" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168132989" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F03D58A41A445EDB84E11616F83D1B77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F03D58A41A445EDB84E11616F83D1B77" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" scope_family="Limoniidae" scope_order="Diptera">
<subSubSection id="218F35F17A6ACBFB1D1CDA58003FF453" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ECE28C081D83CD4F6704E4D66908C819" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
1.
<taxonomicName id="628FFFA14979B91A2795838FD22AA48D" ID-CoL="6QCQN" LSID="F03D58A4-1A44-5EDB-84E1-1616F83D1B77" authority="(Schummel, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">Limonia macrostigma (Schummel, 1829)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="6ED812241310045D2B941B1FC9050DE8" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 1-3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4E3E53B7C1E3D449449DA8E9DBD7BE5C" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 4-7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="33CF3DDE6762F5073D7D7035E2125EB0" captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 8-9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BAA5C44494E862ACFFAEFD44F0618BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5242B4B2B97154FF4D2CE7503B8BCA9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="5EBC58D97AA01C084BEA9A6341015CC3" authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnobia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">Limnobia macrostigma</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D7833DA6426C49A24799296174BAF724" author="Schummel, TE" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="97 - 201" refId="B20" refString="Schummel, TE, 1829. Beschreibung der in Schlesien einheimischen Arten einiger Dipteren-Gattungen. 1. Limnobia Meigen. Beitrage zur Entomologie 1: 97 - 201" title="Beschreibung der in Schlesien einheimischen Arten einiger Dipteren-Gattungen. 1. Limnobia Meigen." volume="1" year="1829">Schummel 1829</bibRefCitation>
: 108.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="795D611398F99A8110B9F8B258E18C6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="13347EB5CF5DB2CB560593ABC6334AF2" baseAuthorityName="Lackschewitz" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia alpicola" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpicola">Limonia alpicola</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="6E9E7137F792F6FAFF358F2D0F354C23" author="Lackschewitz, P" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="195 - 244" refId="B7" refString="Lackschewitz, P, 1928. Die palaearktischen Limnobiinen (Diptera) des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 42: 195 - 244" title="Die palaearktischen Limnobiinen (Diptera) des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums." volume="42" year="1928">Lackschewitz 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 231 (synonymy after
<bibRefCitation id="76EF942A193B0B20ED1E990B4A043538" author="Stary, J" journalOrPublisher="Casopis Slezskeho Musea v Opava, (A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="23 - 36" refId="B21" refString="Stary, J, 2007. Nomenclatural changes in West Palaearctic Limoniidae and Pediciidae (Diptera), II. Casopis Slezskeho Musea v Opava, (A) 56: 23 - 36" title="Nomenclatural changes in West Palaearctic Limoniidae and Pediciidae (Diptera), II." volume="56" year="2007">
<normalizedToken id="0E0B8C88C9DED0A81D099B0014B82DC2" originalValue="Starý">Stary</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D665964110984DC609D0CBF54BB8224" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="23FD8B7D8116638FDCB69E62B66472AC" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia (Limonia) venerabilis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venerabilis" subGenus="Limonia">Limonia (Limonia) venerabilis</taxonomicName>
Alexander 1938: 134 (synonymy after
<bibRefCitation id="AB9F1B5F0FA588F3A6287DE62B045E47" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C772892DD5B10FC8959F5D1CDE20154D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="94CCA943F5489DE66249760B6C632756" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">Limonia macrostigma</taxonomicName>
Schummel:
<bibRefCitation id="0830B8664A7C6170CE3A82CA785FF329" author="Savchenko, EN" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Ukrainy" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 180" refId="B17" refString="Savchenko, EN, 1985. Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy 14 (4): 1 - 180" title="Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae." volume="14" year="1985">Savchenko 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 167;
<bibRefCitation id="3CD39FAC55A2015667CA298CCA1BBF42" author="Savchenko, EN" journalOrPublisher="Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B18" refString="Savchenko, EN, 1989. Komary-limoniidy fauna SSSR [Limoniidae fauna of the USSR]. Akadimiya Nauk Ukrainian SSR, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev" title="Komary-limoniidy fauna SSSR [Limoniidae fauna of the USSR]. Akadimiya Nauk Ukrainian SSR, I. I." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
: 333.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EFAD16ABBCF16E2CA590CBBCE43A3A58" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="7E88532DA253CD1933A5B9BB9CF0BB34" authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnobia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">Limnobia macrostigma</taxonomicName>
Schummel:
<bibRefCitation id="79F8BDB317806E3B911B69A65B1772A9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 16 (redescription).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B69203A43E519E247A84C64D3AA50E0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D9F80FDF6E8FC2E05D3BCEC5471A2EAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59E9FB54FBAB3B2183C33DD7E91F228F" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Flagellar verticils 2 times length of corresponding segment. Prescutum with three dark-brown longitudinal stripes. Wing pale brown with distinct, large, brown
<taxonomicName id="92DDCE0B370F35A5B1AACE8B648FADCE" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
; apical Sc1 slightly beyond base of Rs. Posterior margin of tergite 9 broadly emarginated. Paramere ending at 5/6 of aedeagus. Female, hypogynial valve 3.7 times longer than wide at base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F849E9187B168F0CB5528C708F2C297C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="E5C317A6C71E223D10E72B1246117FA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6995D47B16FC88BEFA8AF51D876B7EE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="608AC9B0BC559439BB0D700F507A96C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="08F7A0C5906DFAC6AB338FE100D27BC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
= 10): body length 7-9 mm, wing length 8-9.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A85EA3764EB80C2903D987FDD36CF6BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="D547072E243A0B6D2CA2CD651E3C33FD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
mostly dark brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="F34FAF261FD952BED863ACA1C106614A" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6E092E5D5753EEADAF90D71F4875219" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">7</figureCitation>
). Vertex dark brown. Occiput dull yellow. Head with black setulae. Antenna dark brown and 14-segmented; pedicel oval; flagellomeres pale brown, nearly cylindrical; flagellar verticils black, 2 times longer than corresponding segment. Rostrum and nasus brown to dark brown. Nasus 3/5 as long as rostrum. Labella pale yellow except inner margin brown, with black setulae. Palpi black brown with black setulae, terminal two segments pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33B736E5DB9722ADA6CCCF1D50410DA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="548866044B0E1A4FEAE132C24D421C00" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
mostly brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="BF678738B568E4A326A5B9DAE52228B1" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2D0941295508BF126B301CFDC755EF89" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
). Cervical sclerite brown with black outer margin. Pronotum dull brown with black setulae. Prescutum with three dark-brown longitudinal stripes, median one with black setulae at outer margin. Scutum dark brown with black setulae at postero-lateral margin. Scutellum brown with tapered yellow median stripe. Mediotergite dark brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DE3909FC47EDC39C14D05DB1E4914F4B" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
). Mesopleura yellow to dark brown; subspiracular sclerite dull brown with pale-yellow spot at postero-lateral corner; episternum pale yellow to dark brown; katepisternum with black setulae and tapering, dark-brown marking at antero-lateral corner. Legs with coxae, trochanters yellow to pale brown except fore coxa yellow to dark brown; femora brown with one dark-brown, subapical ring; tibia brown; tarsi reddish brown to dark brown. Setulae on legs black. Wing hyaline, pale brown with large brown
<taxonomicName id="ABCA3D7DF33FEF42A8A2380F4D85B4F2" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
at branching of R1+2; apical Sc1 slightly beyond base of Rs, Sc2 apically reaching 1/5 of Rs; basal deflection of CuA1 before branching point of M (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC75837B3BF2904AD99EB911A2D40A3D" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">3</figureCitation>
). Halter: stem dull brown; knob bicolor, upper part pale brown to dark brown, lower part white (Fig.
<figureCitation id="95DD8F98964DC148983EE5F8BDF20B75" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED9A6FF57018BEB3F2B26684E8D237F2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 1–3" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="19CEA3851D56B8480D272A297A850AC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="DE05CF8CB474219C9EE84A092789FDAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CB034C8F850CF86AA9BE70AB7512883" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis id="2F1EEE8622069C731E486BF1761E6E12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male
<emphasis id="D0A444478A901824B1C6CA2A83E8EC99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">1</emphasis>
habitus, lateral view
<emphasis id="5F60784438C077CF25091E823F1FE9E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">2</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view
<emphasis id="F828EF7D8A2556ABA9BA9488DCC2B2CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">3</emphasis>
right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="612550A7212305C57175B37D45633A85" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="E9151EA341892E0CA9E354F475661B40" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="EB61B93E790C7B98ACA34418A1A551A0" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">1</figureCitation>
). Mainly dull brown. Each abdominal segment with one pale yellow ring at posterior margin. Abdomen covered with golden setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A06211ABBECC77C8A98DEE6EA87DC6A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="0908E714B6459443E9BA4AF90A1F8CE4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Hypopygium</emphasis>
dull brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="1A218E510B2BA34B7BEA902BF82AF2A7" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4-7</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of tergite 9 broadly emarginated (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0B9363C4869E8040DFDD64CED389453E" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxite weakly constricted at apex. Gonostylus with apex sharp, base swollen (Figs
<figureCitation id="4206EF3E0E544C0EF4EDF6C9AA304BE7" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0F03E2A768A7221EF5B3E930C787E56A" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">5</figureCitation>
). Paramere with fan-shaped base, very slender apex ending at 5/6 of aedeagus (Figs
<figureCitation id="4A95C669B1749FF81CBF882DB57BAC2C" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4-7</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus forked; ventral mid-protrusion along middle line (Figs
<figureCitation id="DFBB4F69CEB17B1E87835750EC2E15E4" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 7. Limonia macrostigma, male 4 hypopygium, dorsal view 5 hypopygium, ventral view 6 hypopygium, lateral view 7 Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4-7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="54BA0B0D8CFEA2144081C1B99C79FC1B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures4-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456133" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 4–7" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="8A7F9E60EB0BB9A0593F0170BA7A6C12" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="43B039EB68458E017B20FDADF0781833" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 4-7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A6C73FC6BC12C4DBED3176064DC7357A" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis id="F6059F69369667F655BD3033DDFAC466" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male
<emphasis id="14855C1D079F658AA43F3F9C35517A6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">4</emphasis>
hypopygium, dorsal view
<emphasis id="170EF2371EED83166398F641B2FC685F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">5</emphasis>
hypopygium, ventral view
<emphasis id="A8BD2F45E57E7EE1E0F40A27A25C7166" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">6</emphasis>
hypopygium, lateral view
<emphasis id="9960F2F6354EEB28CE2A2B827E8947B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">7</emphasis>
Aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="23F0C79A82271645088E08E1B754EA24" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="8A5B386DCB82E9D7B43CA008603A1A0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="151F5C8D1EEF31F07ABC664E88C92B38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
= 4): body length 7-8 mm, wing length 8-9 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5801984D4FB7F24967C7734A25EDF14E" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="CA535AE197DC6DC0A05CA0E036CA31CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female</emphasis>
resembling male in head, thorax and wing. Female terminalia dull brown. Cercus yellowish brown, slightly arched dorsally at apex, slender, 3 times longer than wide at base. Hypogynial valve 3.7 times longer than wide at base; lateral margin with triangular, black marking (Figs
<figureCitation id="5686AA848DA80A9ED96D2405BB0EAACA" captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">8-9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3356BB911620B24D240AA49A23F02553" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 8–9" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="81FAA59F386B4C6A04C579D023E37167" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="EAD24414930E674392E09D4D260D3877" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 8-9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BF71C5D0705B6DB1931CDCDC1695BAEA" baseAuthorityName="Schummel" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia macrostigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis id="7531486BCBAF57A1629E8D363D9854A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia macrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<emphasis id="85C5ED5819E871905C03398078B9D355" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">8</emphasis>
cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view
<emphasis id="DFB334C00D17DB7840B91756989B4D4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</emphasis>
cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1C98C592EFD476686730029A3033912D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="996DD69484F5F9F9CF9E316FD1B8857B" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5468643A5B33FE580B2683407338A545" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
1 male, China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Celebaixiang,
<geoCoordinate id="D00166977F5AE438F5611BF104024205" degrees="48.08" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.08">48.08N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C9CD03BE2AB721F9980FFF548B778E3C" degrees="86.331" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="86.331">86.331E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 530 m, 2016.VII.9, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 7 males, 2 females, China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Baihabacun,
<geoCoordinate id="B28D94694C013055CB218CC2D9798EDE" degrees="48.69" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.69">48.69N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="049A3468198F1ED56636C2DE58E3C708" degrees="86.80" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.8">86.80E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1170 m, 2016.VII. 12, Jinlong Ren (light trap) (CAU). 12 males, 2 females, China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Baihabacun,
<geoCoordinate id="97E6D0EA752671278CEFC8EB7F07796F" degrees="48.67" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.67">48.67N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F77AEF076931A287134061909A73308D" degrees="86.80" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.8">86.80E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1020 m, 2016.VII.12, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 8 males, 4 females, China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Baihabacun,
<geoCoordinate id="E5E47CC92004E388712797EC3DC347DE" degrees="48.67" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.67">48.67N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="43CA98659BF3B22B329B5BD2EFE2D449" degrees="86.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.79">86.79E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1630 m, 2016.VII.12, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 2 males, 3 females, China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Baihabacun,
<geoCoordinate id="F91A3D93C6502A97D1CBCA2DCE722C1E" degrees="48.69" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.69">48.69N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5696153D628BB4DFD31AAEF5FA2F3941" degrees="86.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.79">86.79E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1170 m, 2016.VII.12, Jinlong Ren (light trap) (CAU). 2 females (CAU), China: Xinjiang, Habahe, Baihabacun,
<geoCoordinate id="A2B937F5121102B5CB566632F893B277" degrees="48.66" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.66">48.66N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A268FDFDCA225EAB21AA1E9B10652DA" degrees="86.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.79">86.79E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1730 m, 2016.VII.13, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 1 male, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Kanas,
<geoCoordinate id="391BAB0BA030E71F836CC30E4F6128F7" degrees="48.68" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.68">48.68N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D8B03B6462986A0DBCF363B1209A211C" degrees="86.99" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="86.99">86.99E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1470 m, 2016.VII.16, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 1 male, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Kanas Lake,
<geoCoordinate id="07CB35B1BEB19B36B45B691E71CA00C6" degrees="48.74" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.74">48.74N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6D107D598D82D8FB1DC7749D94F82356" degrees="87.01" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="87.01">87.01E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1390 m, 2016.VII.17, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 1 male, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Kanas,
<geoCoordinate id="2C384ED27BAEC85D5A6CD20272536A5A" degrees="48.69" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.69">48.69N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9E9F26FA72544BEA50A1134A77C4FE28" degrees="87.00" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="87.0">87.00E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1330 m, 2016.VII.18, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 2 males, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Hemu,
<geoCoordinate id="2BE9B9C499FC218CA01260E24BFDAD94" degrees="48.58" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.58">48.58N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6512A6E94547C256FDE426676579F5F1" degrees="87.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="87.45">87.45E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1160 m, 2016.VII.21, Jinlong Ren (CAU). 1 female, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Hemu,
<geoCoordinate id="D14FFF9E4087BD7565E22BEF8910FEBF" degrees="48.57" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.57">48.57N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="917D5C6BDA6CEDDD97175C353F0B1E9D" degrees="87.43" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="87.43">87.43E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1090 m, 2016.VII.22, Jinlong Ren (light trap) (CAU). 1 male, China: Xinjiang, Burqin, Hemu,
<geoCoordinate id="1C2A36A17965985F0365702C80E2D172" degrees="48.56" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="48.56">48.56N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D956752AB878B644F2FA78D93D0D61DC" degrees="87.44" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="87.44">87.44E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 1200 m, 2016.VII.23, Jinlong Ren (CAU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6870DD8FA45A133DD150D0A6604E482C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="82DF29195002DC0A7BCCCB0BA0A4EA2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72B10C008B617110F14431AA3338F201" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China (Xinjiang: Burqin, Hababe), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep., Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="374D6112B7FA49FE4CAE9088D25B0C66" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="3EBD9F75A6D118CE73C763755C733BB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remark.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCCB7F1C91919BEB92ECF4055C61DF86" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
This is the first report of this species from China. The position of Sc relative to Rs and female body color shows the geographic variation. First, specimens from Xinjiang (Burqin, Altay Mountain) have Sc1 slightly beyond basal Rs, Sc2 reaching 1/5 of Rs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D8F71BD5F23A0EE08A6E931AD6B3B107" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Limonia macrostigma, male 1 habitus, lateral view 2 head and thorax, dorsal view 3 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456132" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">3</figureCitation>
), similar wing venation with
<normalizedToken id="AEA9336F0B1D5880EE70719FB993BD0E" originalValue="Savchenko’s">Savchenko's</normalizedToken>
drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="2EED710F0CB5AC12DACD396FD9978C24" author="Savchenko, EN" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Ukrainy" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 180" refId="B17" refString="Savchenko, EN, 1985. Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy 14 (4): 1 - 180" title="Komary-limoniidy [limoniid-flies]. Subfamily Limoniinae." volume="14" year="1985">Savchenko 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 145, fig. 95.2), whereas specimens from Korea have Sc1 reaching 1/3 of Rs, Sc2 reaching 1/4 of Rs (
<bibRefCitation id="9A845CE75CC6C0432E6DF2A3609E90F8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 17, fig. 25). Moreover, female specimens from Xinjiang have the dark brown sternites, whereas Korean specimens have the yellow sternites (
<bibRefCitation id="4D7EF50D222A66EA189B96A158DDE244" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
:19).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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