253 lines
40 KiB
XML
253 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="166D026A9CD81C8431C2FF3CF22D1D82" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183642" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a81125ca-89a3-4319-8cf9-8bd010ad96d8" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183642" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459926002570" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Daly, Marymegan & Ljubenkov, John C." docDate="2008" docId="A431015FFFBE4B7DDFCC106AFC6AF0E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01860p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1860" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Edwardsia handi Daly & Ljubenkov, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="58087927FFB84B75DF5B1700FFECF40A" masterDocTitle="Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698229523097" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B90BBB66386EA70E84A403F8AD771382">Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EFFE0BAB1CA5F30CA0E5A7FECCAB1F6E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="106436BCEC00A4D39CEEC8D88EBE3174">Daly, Marymegan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FBB5A8B81D538C61DF08B8F424615630">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EA930B860BBBE1AEF46DE9B46396B79B">Ljubenkov, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="223A3E1D49ED1411287E61753E399DE7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="00108D646FED35A73C95FE308401250A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D084295CAF2057B7E162F67A3CD9C4A8">
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<mods:date id="B63105DB45578B89E6B63065E7E0A79C">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="581837B6CC37EBF72CDCEA1F0CC7E9A2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183642</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A431015FFFBE4B7DDFCC106AFC6AF0E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5663821" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119374275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5663821" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431015FFFBE4B7DDFCC106AFC6AF0E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A431015FFFBE4B7DDFCC106AFC6AF0E6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFBE4B73DFCC106AFE86F3A0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBE4B73DFCC106AFE25F38E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1898,2036]" box="[151,457,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="776F0725FFBE4B73DFCC106AFE25F38E" bold="true" box="[151,457,1898,1924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBE4B73DFCC106AFE25F38E" bold="true" box="[151,457,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFBE4B73DFCC106AFE89F38E" ID-CoL="38TDG" box="[151,357,1898,1924]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBE4B73DFCC106AFE89F38E" bold="true" box="[151,357,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Edwardsia handi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DFD120FFBE4B73DE37106AFE25F38E" box="[364,457,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBE4B73DFCC1090FE86F3A0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1898,2036]" box="[151,362,1936,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFBE4B73DFCC1090FF0BF3A0" box="[151,231,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[353,1265,189,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[289,1274,177,1871]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparative external anatomy of Edwardsiidae from southern and central California. Scale bar = 5 mm. A. Edwardsia californica (McMurrich, 1913). B. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. C. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. D. Edwardsia mcmurrichi sp. nov. E. Edwardsia olguini sp. nov. F. Edwardsia profunda sp. nov. G. Paraedwardsia heia sp. nov. H. Scolanthus scamiti sp. nov. I. Scolanthus triangulus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183643/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFBE4B73DFAE1090FEEBF3A0" box="[245,263,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFBE4B73DE481090FE86F3A0" box="[275,362,1936,1962]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1106,1130]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidae of Edwardsia californica, E. handi, and E. juliae. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 3 – 5." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFBE4B72DF9D10B5FBFEF4B8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBE4B72DF9D10B5FBFEF4B8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1898,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,476]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBE4B73DF9D10B5FEAAF3C5" bold="true" box="[198,326,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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With large, protrusive nemathybomes in longitudinal rows between macrocnemes, and introvertable physa. Larger size class of nemathybome nematocysts 100 μm or more in length. Length of whole animal in contraction approximately
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<quantity id="EB601DACFFBF4B72DD1C1798FD70F4B8" box="[583,668,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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; diameter approximately
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<quantity id="EB601DACFFBF4B72DC9D1798FBE1F4B8" box="[966,1037,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFBF4B72DF9E17BDFDABF5D6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBF4B72DF9E17BDFCA5F528" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DF9E17BDFE50F4DD" bold="true" box="[197,444,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFBF4B72DE9E17BDFDDBF4DD" box="[453,567,189,215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFBF4B72DD1817BDFD90F4DD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[579,636,189,215]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CAS</collectionCode>
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175201, Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California,
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<date id="58269689FFBF4B72DA6417BDFF38F4F6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2003-09-10">10Sep 2003</date>
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, intertidal.
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFBF4B72DE0217E2FE23F4F6" box="[345,463,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFBF4B72DE8117E2FDFFF4F6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[474,531,226,252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CAS</collectionCode>
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175202, collected with
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFBF4B72DC7517E2FC78F4F6" box="[814,916,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(>
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<specimenCount id="3A9E7BC0FFBF4B72DCED17E2FBB6F4F6" box="[950,1114,226,252]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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);
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFBF4B72DB3517E2FB4BF4F6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1134,1191,226,252]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CAS</collectionCode>
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175205, Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California,
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<date id="58269689FFBF4B72DD111608FD20F528" box="[586,716,264,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1998-07-01">1Jul1998</date>
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, intertidal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBF4B72DF9D162DFDABF5D6" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DF9D162DFE41F54D" bold="true" box="[198,429,301,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">External anatomy.</emphasis>
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Tentacles filiform, 16, in two cycles of eight. Scapus with large, protruding nemathybomes forming longitudinal rows between macrocnemes (
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFBF4B72DC1C1652FC75F566" box="[839,921,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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A, B). Periderm thin, closely adherent; scapus tan to beige, slightly darker than opaque white capitulum and physa. Mesenterial insertions visible as furrows distally, less prominent proximally. Physa naked, with rugae and central invagination; center may be retracted inside scapus (
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFBF4B72DEEB16C2FDEEF5D6" box="[432,514,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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A, F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="78E7E0C1FFBF4B72DFCC11A7FE83F3D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFBF4B72DFCC11A7FE83F3D4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1703,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DFCC11A7FEF5F2B5" bold="true" box="[151,281,1703,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFBF4B72DE7B11A8FE3BF2B5" box="[288,471,1704,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DE7B11A8FE3BF2B5" box="[288,471,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Edwardsia handi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DFD120FFBF4B72DE8511A7FDD8F2B5" box="[478,564,1703,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DE8511A7FDD8F2B5" bold="true" box="[478,564,1703,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G–M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFBF4B72DBC310A8FB37F3B5" box="[1176,1243,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in situ</emphasis>
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in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDF9E17BFFE8DF610" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E17BFFCBFF570" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E17BFFDBFF4D3" bold="true" box="[197,595,191,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Internal anatomy and histology.</emphasis>
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Parietal and retractor muscles restricted (
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDB6D17C0FB64F4D0" box="[1078,1160,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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D, E). Retractor muscle branched on both surfaces of mesentery, without distinct pennon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDC9F17E8FBFCF508" box="[964,1040,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Branches of retractor widely spaced, variable in height and degree of ramification; branches closer to body wall taller, more ramified. Parietal muscle strong, trianguloid, with ramified lateral branches and relatively thick central lamella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDA741638FA94F558" box="[1327,1400,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Gonochoric: all examined specimens either male or female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9D1688FCDAF5C0" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Nemathybomes large, single, protrude into epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDC091688FC49F5A8" box="[850,933,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C). Mesoglea of scapus thicker than that of physa; epidermis thicker on physa than on scapus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E16D7FE8DF610" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E16D7FEDEF5FB" bold="true" box="[197,306,471,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cnidom.</emphasis>
|
||
Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDD9D16D8FD39F5FB" box="[710,725,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">p</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores, pterotrichs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDB7F16D8FB99F5F8" box="[1060,1141,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,521,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,521,1692]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. A. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175201. Scale bar = 3 mm. B. Detail of Fig. 4 A, showing nemathybomes on scapus. C. Cross section of scapus showing nemathybome, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 150 μm. D. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. E. Cross section of retractor muscle, CAS 175205. Scale bar = 200 μm. F. Longitudinal section through aboral end, CAS 175205. Black arrow indicates junction between scapus and physa. Scale bar = 500 m. G – M, Cnidae. Scale bar in M = 20 μm, applies to all capsules unless otherwise indicated. G. Spirocyst. H. Large basitrich of tentacle. I. Exploded pterotrich of nemathybome. Scale bar = 10 μm. J. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in actinopharynx. K. Small basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. L. Large basitrich of actinopharynx. Cnidae of similar size and morphology found in filaments. M. Pterotrich of nemathybome. N. Pterotrichs in situ in nemathybome. Scale bar = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G–N; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFB04B7DDBB216D8FAD3F5F8" box="[1257,1343,472,498]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1106,1130]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidae of Edwardsia californica, E. handi, and E. juliae. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 3 – 5." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for size and distribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDF9E1527FBDFF698" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E1527FBDFF698" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E1527FEA6F64B" bold="true" box="[197,330,551,577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named in honor of Dr. Cadet Hand (
|
||
<date id="58269689FFB04B7DDC411528FC48F648" box="[794,932,552,578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1920" valueMax="2006">1920–2006</date>
|
||
), the preeminent sea anemone taxonomist and naturalist of the central California coast. Dr. Hand described 11 species of sea anemone and produced a comprehensive monograph of the sea anemones of the central California coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDF9E159FFF12F040" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E159FFCF7F700" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E159FFDECF6B3" bold="true" box="[197,512,671,697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Known primarily from intertidal of Morro Bay; similar specimens seen from bays from Elkhorn Slough to Los Angeles harbor (JL pers. obs.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDCE715C8FB6BF6EB" box="[956,1159,712,737]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDCE715C8FB6BF6EB" box="[956,1159,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Edwardsia handi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be the ecological replacement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDE0C15F0FE15F703" box="[343,505,752,777]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDE0C15F0FE15F703" box="[343,505,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
north of Pt. Conception.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E1417FF12F040" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E1417FE66F73B" bold="true" box="[197,394,791,817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Similar species.</emphasis>
|
||
Relatively few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDD871418FCB6F73B" box="[732,858,792,817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDD871418FCB6F73B" box="[732,858,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Edwardsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have nemathybomes containing nematocysts of two sizes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDE4E1440FE2CF750" author="England" box="[277,448,832,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="England, K. W. (1987) Actiniaria from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 53, 205 - 292." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="548FF0D9FFB04B7DDE4E1440FE94F750" box="[277,376,832,858]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In southern California, there are three:
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDCFD1440FB52F753" box="[934,1214,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDCFD1440FBA0F753" box="[934,1100,832,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">E. californica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDB021440FB52F753" box="[1113,1214,832,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi">E. handi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDBA21440FA82F753" box="[1273,1390,832,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="olguini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDBA21440FA82F753" box="[1273,1390,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. olguini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At 100–117 μm, the larger size class of nemathybome nematocysts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDCF91468FBEAF78B" box="[930,1030,872,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDCF91468FBEAF78B" box="[930,1030,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. handi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considerably longer than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDFED1490FEB2F7A3" box="[182,350,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDFED1490FEB6F7A3" box="[182,346,912,937]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">E. californica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDE3F1490FD66F7A0" authority="Carlgren, 1921" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1921" box="[356,650,912,938]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDE3F1490FE39F7A3" box="[356,469,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. danica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDE801490FD66F7A0" author="Carlgren" box="[475,650,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" refString="Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (9), 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1921">Carlgren, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(46–72 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDC441490FC26F7A0" author="Carlgren" box="[799,970,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" refString="Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (9), 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1921">Carlgren 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDC841490FAAFF7A0" authority="Farquhar, 1898" authorityName="Farquhar" authorityYear="1898" box="[991,1347,912,938]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neozelanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDC841490FB67F7A3" box="[991,1163,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. neozelanica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDBCA1490FAAFF7A0" author="Farquhar" box="[1169,1347,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Farquhar, H. (1898) Preliminary account of some New-Zealand Actiniaria. Journal of the Linnaean Society, London (Zoology), 26, 527 - 536." type="journal article" year="1898">Farquhar, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(41–56 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDF9414B8FE92F7D8" author="Carlgren" box="[207,382,952,978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Carlgren, O. (1924) Actiniaria from New Zealand and its Subantarctic islands. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 77, 179 - 261." type="journal article" year="1924">Carlgren 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDECE14B8FDE7F7DB" box="[405,523,952,977]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="olguini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDECE14B8FDE7F7DB" box="[405,523,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. olguini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(45.0–59.5 μm:
|
||
<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFB04B7DDD8E14B8FCC3F7D8" box="[725,815,952,978]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,191,215]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,317,636]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Cnidae of Edwardsia mcmurrichi, E. olguini, and E. profunda. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 6 – 8." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78E7E0C1FFB44B79DFCC17BFFB36F516" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="78E7E0C1FFB44B79DFCC17BFFB36F516">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDC3714B8FAEAF7D8" authority="Stimpson, 1853" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1853" box="[876,1286,952,978]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sipunculoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDC3714B8FBC3F7DB" box="[876,1071,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. sipunculoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDB1A14B8FB12F7D8" author="Stimpson" box="[1089,1278,952,978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1853">Stimpson, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(65–74 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDFCC14E0FEA4F7F0" author="Carlgren" box="[151,328,992,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Carlgren, O. (1931) Zur Kenntniss der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv for Zoologie, 23 A, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These larger and more abundant nemathybome nematocysts are also notably longer than those reported for any species having only one size of nematocyst in the nemathybomes (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDBB41308FA75F028" author="England" box="[1263,1433,1032,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="England, K. W. (1987) Actiniaria from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 53, 205 - 292." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="548FF0D9FFB04B7DDBB41308FABDF028" box="[1263,1361,1032,1058]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFB04B7DDFCC1330FF1CF040" box="[151,240,1072,1098]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,191,215]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,317,636]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Cnidae of Edwardsia mcmurrichi, E. olguini, and E. profunda. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 6 – 8." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78E7E0C1FFB44B79DFCC17BFFB36F516" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="78E7E0C1FFB44B79DFCC17BFFB36F516">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDF9E1357FC6AF0E6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E1357FC6AF0E6" blockId="8.[151,1439,191,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E1357FED2F07B" bold="true" box="[197,318,1111,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on persample abundance and sample area,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDCFE1358FBE7F07B" box="[933,1035,1112,1137]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="handi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDCFE1358FBE7F07B" box="[933,1035,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E. handi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attains scaled local densities that exceed 13,000/m2. In Morro Bay, it cooccurs with burrowing anemones of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDBC41383FA71F096" authority="Gosse, 1855" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1855" box="[1183,1437,1154,1180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Peachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDBC41383FB13F096" box="[1183,1279,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peachia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB04B7DDA521382FA71F096" author="Gosse" box="[1289,1437,1154,1180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Gosse, P. H. (1855) Description of Peachia hastata, a new genus and species of the class Zoophyta; with observations on the family Actiniadae. Transactions of the Linnean Society (London), 21, 267 - 276." type="journal article" year="1855">Gosse, 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDFAC13AAFE7AF0CE" box="[247,406,1194,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Haloclavidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whose members are easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDCBB13ABFBB2F0CE" box="[992,1118,1195,1220]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDCBB13ABFBB2F0CE" box="[992,1118,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Edwardsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking nemathybomes and in having both more mesenteries and a prominent conchula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |