273 lines
45 KiB
XML
273 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="49EEA26491B71D5561065D6693E1DF3E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183642" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a81125ca-89a3-4319-8cf9-8bd010ad96d8" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183642" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459926002570" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Daly, Marymegan & Ljubenkov, John C." docDate="2008" docId="A431015FFFB04B7CDFCC124AFB56F072" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01860p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1860" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Edwardsia juliae Daly & Ljubenkov, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="58087927FFB84B75DF5B1700FFECF40A" masterDocTitle="Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698229523097" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="117C085653A6311D7489A5B50462B47D">Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5A55520E571295C1FFBFEB2C98B97AB3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B5EB77B55A0324F35697CAD2752A2A23">Daly, Marymegan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DDA44758BBD0E6D3FC367F6B3E1A468B">Ljubenkov, John C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BCE2EEA8A9A135ECFC971BE029D472B1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="877251E586F9568F5AF85E73110831FD">
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<mods:date id="78BB995293E427A678B1F6750CAD7B9E">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="56F330F07C753ADE04113302BE9AD30B">1860</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0ACD472EE3DC891DB93C1181EBAC783F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183642</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A431015FFFB04B7CDFCC124AFB56F072" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5663823" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119374288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5663823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431015FFFB04B7CDFCC124AFB56F072" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A431015FFFB04B7CDFCC124AFB56F072" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDFCC124AFE86F18D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDFCC124AFE24F16E" blockId="8.[151,456,1354,1415]" box="[151,456,1354,1380]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="776F0725FFB04B7DDFCC124AFE24F16E" bold="true" box="[151,456,1354,1380]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDFCC124AFE24F16E" bold="true" box="[151,456,1354,1380]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB04B7DDFCC124AFE8FF16E" ID-CoL="6DXLF" box="[151,355,1354,1380]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDFCC124AFE8FF16E" bold="true" box="[151,355,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Edwardsia juliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DFD120FFB04B7DDE30124AFE24F16E" box="[363,456,1354,1380]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDFCC126DFE86F18D" blockId="8.[151,456,1354,1415]" box="[151,362,1389,1415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDFCC126DFF0BF18D" box="[151,231,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[353,1265,189,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[289,1274,177,1871]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparative external anatomy of Edwardsiidae from southern and central California. Scale bar = 5 mm. A. Edwardsia californica (McMurrich, 1913). B. Edwardsia handi sp. nov. C. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. D. Edwardsia mcmurrichi sp. nov. E. Edwardsia olguini sp. nov. F. Edwardsia profunda sp. nov. G. Paraedwardsia heia sp. nov. H. Scolanthus scamiti sp. nov. I. Scolanthus triangulus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183643/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDFAE126DFEEAF18D" box="[245,262,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFB04B7DDE48126DFE86F18D" box="[275,362,1389,1415]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1106,1130]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidae of Edwardsia californica, E. handi, and E. juliae. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 3 – 5." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDFCC12BDFBA3F1F5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDFCC12BDFBA3F1F5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1469,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDFCC12BDFEFBF1DD" bold="true" box="[151,279,1469,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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With 12 tentacles and well spaced nemathybomes forming longitudinal rows between each pair of mesenteries. Length of whole animal in contraction
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<quantity id="EB601DACFFB04B7DDDA312E5FC87F1F5" box="[760,875,1509,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
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; diameter to
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7DDF9E110DFA60F36D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E110DFD13F2CD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1469,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E110DFE57F22D" bold="true" box="[197,443,1549,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFB04B7DDE9E110DFDDBF22D" box="[453,567,1549,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFB04B7DDD18110DFD90F22D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[579,636,1549,1575]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CAS</collectionCode>
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175212, San Diego, California, Bight 0 3 Sta. 4278,
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<geoCoordinate id="49ACD68EFFB04B7DDFCC1135FECAF245" box="[151,294,1589,1615]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="92" value="-118.545">118°32.7’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="58269689FFB04B7DDE631135FE24F245" box="[312,456,1589,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2003-07-22">22Jul2003</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="3A9E7BC0FFB04B7DDE811135FDCFF245" box="[474,547,1589,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">64 m.</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFB04B7DDD6A1135FD4BF245" box="[561,679,1589,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFB04B7DDD9E1135FD12F245" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[709,766,1589,1615]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CAS</collectionCode>
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175199, collected with
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<typeStatus id="F3230EEBFFB04B7DDB6B1135FB7BF245" box="[1072,1175,1589,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount id="3A9E7BC0FFB04B7DDBF61135FAA4F245" box="[1197,1352,1589,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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);
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<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFB04B7DDA381135FA70F245" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1379,1436,1589,1615]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CAS</collectionCode>
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175200, Monterey Bay, California,
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<geoCoordinate id="49ACD68EFFB04B7DDD64115DFD0BF27D" box="[575,743,1629,1655]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="37.027504">37°1.65024’N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="49ACD68EFFB04B7DDDAB115DFC57F27D" box="[752,955,1629,1655]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="-122.26751">122°16.05045’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<date id="58269689FFB04B7DDC93115DFB85F27D" box="[968,1129,1629,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999-08-19">19Aug1999</date>
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, 50 m;
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||
<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFB04B7DDB9E115DFB12F27D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1221,1278,1629,1655]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CAS</collectionCode>
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175203, San Diego, California,
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<geoCoordinate id="49ACD68EFFB04B7DDE201185FDE6F295" box="[379,522,1669,1695]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="32.49305">32.49305°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="49ACD68EFFB04B7DDD4D1185FD2EF295" box="[534,706,1669,1695]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="-117.16288">117°9.7728’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<date id="58269689FFB04B7DDD891185FC8EF295" box="[722,866,1669,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1997-07-23">23Jul1997</date>
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,
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||
<quantity id="EB601DACFFB04B7DDC291185FC25F295" box="[882,969,1669,1695]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="26.2">26.2 m</quantity>
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(>
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<specimenCount id="3A9E7BC0FFB04B7DDCB51185FB7BF295" box="[1006,1175,1669,1695]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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);
|
||
<collectionCode id="4A89288CFFB04B7DDBF41185FB04F295" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1199,1256,1669,1695]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CAS</collectionCode>
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175206, Long Beach, California,
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||
<date id="58269689FFB04B7DDE2F11ADFDE9F2CD" box="[372,517,1709,1735]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1995-07-21">21Jul1995</date>
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, 24 m (
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<specimenCount id="3A9E7BC0FFB04B7DDD0711ADFD1FF2CD" box="[604,755,1709,1735]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7DDF9E11D5FA60F36D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1469,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E11D5FE41F2E5" bold="true" box="[197,429,1749,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">External anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Tentacles short, blunt in contraction, in single cycle of 12 (
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||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDB3D11D5FB47F2E5" box="[1126,1195,1749,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A). Preserved specimens variable in shape from stout to vermiform (
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||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDD8B11FDFCCCF31D" box="[720,800,1789,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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||
B, D). Scapus with small nemathybomes in single longitudinal rows between macrocnemes (
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||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDD311025FD52F335" box="[618,702,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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||
B, E). Periderm thin, sandy, deciduous; scapus beige to grey. Physa slightly rounded or blunt cone, often with sandy film; may be retracted inside scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDB8F104DFAC9F36D" box="[1236,1317,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB04B7CDF9E1075FF1FF570" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB04B7CDF9E1075FCBEF4D0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1469,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB04B7DDF9E1075FD8CF385" bold="true" box="[197,608,1909,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Internal anatomy and histology.</emphasis>
|
||
Parietal and retractor muscles relatively small, weak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDBA21075FAA2F385" box="[1273,1358,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, H). Retractor muscle pennon with single branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDDF0109DFD1DF3BD" box="[683,753,1949,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Branches of retractor widely spaced, typically unramified and variable in height: taller branches on ends, shorter branches in middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB04B7DDB6010C5FB6DF3D5" box="[1083,1153,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Parietal muscle trianguloid; central lamella and unramified lateral branches of approximately equal thickness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB14B7CDA721798FA9AF4B8" box="[1321,1398,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Gonochoric; all examined specimens either male or female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9D17E8FAFFF520" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Nemathybomes small, single, slightly protrusive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB14B7CDC5617E8FCBEF508" box="[781,850,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C, E). Epidermis and mesoglea of scapus thickest at nemathybomes, relatively thin elsewhere, becoming thick, glandular on physa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB14B7CDB241610FB23F520" box="[1151,1231,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9E1637FF1FF570" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDF9E1637FEC6F55B" bold="true" box="[197,298,311,337]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnidom</emphasis>
|
||
. Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDD951638FD31F55B" box="[718,733,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">p</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B4A3ACCCFFB14B7CDCF81638FC18F558" box="[931,1012,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,194,1057]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1057]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Edwardsia juliae sp. nov. A. Tentacle crown. B. External anatomy, holotype CAS 175212. Scale bar = 2 mm. C. Cross section of column, showing retractor muscle, parietal muscle, and nemathybome, CAS 175206. Note dense periderm covering epidermis. Scale bar = 300 μm. D. Size and shape variation of contracted specimens. Scale bar = 10 mm. E. Detail of Fig. 5 B, showing nemathybomes on scapus. F. Longitudinal section through retracted aboral end, CAS 175206. Note denser, thicker epidermis on physa compared to scapus. Scale bar = 400 μm. G. Detail of Fig. 5 F, showing transition between scapus and physa. H. Cross section of parietal muscle, CAS 175206. Scale bar = 100 μm. I – O, Cnidae. Scale bar after O = 20 μm, applies to all capsules. I. Spirocyst. J. Large basitrich of tentacle. K. Small basitrich of tentacle. L. Small basitrich of filament. M. Microbasic p mastigophore of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx. N. Large basitrich of nemathybome. O. Large basitrich of filament. Cnidae of similar size and morphology are found in actinopharynx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183647/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<date id="58269689FFB14B7CDCBD1638FC18F558" box="[998,1012,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="548FF0D9FFB14B7CDB541638FBC9F558" box="[1039,1061,312,338]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="611A85F2FFB14B7CDB3A1638FB56F558" box="[1121,1210,312,338]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1106,1130]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidae of Edwardsia californica, E. handi, and E. juliae. Size of each type of cnida given as a range in μm, with exceptionally small or large values in parentheses. The range was determined by measuring at least 20 capsules of each type of tissue from at least two specimens of each species. Cnidae are depicted in Figures 3 – 5." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for size and distribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB14B7CDF9E1687FE07F5F8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9E1687FE07F5F8" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDF9E1687FEBEF5AB" bold="true" box="[197,338,391,417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Julie Schneider Ljubenkov, accomplished artist and natural historian of the botanical and marine environment of the Luiseños (Native Americans) in southern California and illustrator of the whole animals for this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB14B7CDF9E16FFFE6AF7D8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9E16FFFE4BF698" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDF9E16FFFE13F613" bold="true" box="[197,511,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Cooccurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDD981500FCDBF613" box="[707,823,512,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="olguini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDD981500FCDBF613" box="[707,823,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. olguini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on continental shelf of southern California between 10 and
|
||
<quantity id="EB601DACFFB14B7CDFB41528FED1F648" box="[239,317,552,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
; both may be collected in a single core. Northern range extends into southern Washington (JL, pers. obs.); specimens from northern waters typically larger. In all regions,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDB481550FB94F663" box="[1043,1144,592,617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDB481550FB94F663" box="[1043,1144,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more abundant in sandy than muddy sediments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9E159FFE6AF7D8" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDF9E159FFE65F6B3" bold="true" box="[197,393,671,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Similar species.</emphasis>
|
||
Only three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDDF915A0FCCCF6B3" box="[674,800,672,697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDDF915A0FCCCF6B3" box="[674,800,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Edwardsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 12 tentacles have previously been described:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDAD815A0FE2CF6E8" authority="Danielssen, 1890" authorityName="Danielssen" authorityYear="1890" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDAD815A0FF02F6EB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. andresi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDFAF15C8FE2CF6E8" author="Danielssen" box="[244,448,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" refString="Danielssen, D. C. (1890) Actinida. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876 - 1878. Zoologi. Grondahl and Son, Christiana, 184 pp." type="book chapter" year="1890">Danielssen, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDE9715C8FD11F6E8" authority="Danielssen, 1890" authorityName="Danielssen" authorityYear="1890" box="[460,765,712,738]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDE9715C8FDC6F6EB" box="[460,554,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDD6A15C8FD11F6E8" author="Danielssen" box="[561,765,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" refString="Danielssen, D. C. (1890) Actinida. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876 - 1878. Zoologi. Grondahl and Son, Christiana, 184 pp." type="book chapter" year="1890">Danielssen, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDC6115C8FB34F6E8" authority="Seshaiya & Cutress, 1969" authorityName="Seshaiya & Cutress" authorityYear="1969" box="[826,1240,712,738]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDC6115C8FC4CF6EB" box="[826,928,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDCFC15C8FB34F6E8" author="Seshaiya" box="[935,1240,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Seshaiya, R. V. & Cutress, C. E. (1969) Edwardsia jonesii n. sp. (Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Porto Novo, S. India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 11, 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="1969">Seshaiya & Cutress, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of these differ in habitat from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDE2F15F0FE3BF703" box="[372,471,752,777]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDE2F15F0FE3BF703" box="[372,471,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the first two are from deeper water of the North Atlantic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDBD215F0FAEDF703" box="[1161,1281,752,777]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDBD215F0FAEDF703" box="[1161,1281,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. andresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="EB601DACFFB14B7CDA4B15F0FA7BF700" box="[1296,1431,752,778]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="150.0">150–450 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDFCC1418FF14F73B" box="[151,248,792,817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDFCC1418FF14F73B" box="[151,248,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="EB601DACFFB14B7CDE521418FEB4F738" box="[265,344,792,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</quantity>
|
||
; see Fautin 2007); the third is estuarine. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDCD21418FBEFF73B" box="[905,1027,792,817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDCD21418FBEFF73B" box="[905,1027,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. andresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDB641418FB4CF73B" box="[1087,1184,792,817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDB641418FB4CF73B" box="[1087,1184,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have nemathybomes scattered on the scapus, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDD421440FD93F753" box="[537,639,832,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDD421440FD93F753" box="[537,639,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDDE31440FCF7F753" box="[696,795,832,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDDE31440FCF7F753" box="[696,795,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have nemathybomes in rows. The nemathybome nematocysts differ: at 42.3–52.7 μm, the basitrichs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDDB61468FCBFF78B" box="[749,851,872,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDDB61468FCBFF78B" box="[749,851,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDBD51468FAE4F78B" box="[1166,1288,872,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDBD51468FAE4F78B" box="[1166,1288,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. andresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(48–67 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDFCC1490FEAEF7A0" author="Carlgren" box="[151,322,912,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="25" refString="Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (9), 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1921">Carlgren 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDEDF1490FE00F7A3" box="[388,492,912,937]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDEDF1490FE00F7A3" box="[388,492,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(48–72 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDDDD1490FC5EF7A0" author="Seshaiya" box="[646,946,912,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="27" refString="Seshaiya, R. V. & Cutress, C. E. (1969) Edwardsia jonesii n. sp. (Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) from Porto Novo, S. India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 11, 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="1969">Seshaiya & Cutress 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB98CBCAFFB14B7CDBBA1490FAADF7A3" box="[1249,1345,912,937]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDBBA1490FAADF7A3" box="[1249,1345,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(31–36 μm:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4809CDB8FFB14B7CDF9614B8FE95F7D8" author="Carlgren" box="[205,377,952,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="25" refString="Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (9), 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1921">Carlgren 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6482E3C2FFB14B7CDF9E14DFFB56F072" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C27B049FFB14B7CDF9E14DFFB56F072" blockId="9.[151,1439,152,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EEC6C5BFFB14B7CDF9E14DFFEDBF7F3" bold="true" box="[197,311,991,1017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on persample abundance and frequency of occurrence, this is the most abundant edwardsiid in offshore waters in southern and central California. Although many cores contain a single specimen, small aggregations of 30–40 anemones may be collected in a core (= 300–400/m2); occasionally up to 250 (= 2500/m2) have been collected in cores at
|
||
<quantity id="EB601DACFFB14B7CDD96135EFCE4F072" box="[717,776,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
off both Monterey and Los Angeles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |