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<mods:title id="FB7F15246409551C07FDDD8CA4B9DF34">On the taxonomy of the Italian endemic Hoplia dubia (Rossi, 1792), with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACCD9FC175F5A411D" authority="(Rossi, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,586,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia" subGenus="Hoplia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCD9FC175F5A411D" bold="true" box="[151,586,1015,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCD9FC175DFA411E" bold="true" box="[151,234,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCB5FC175C5E411E" bold="true" box="[251,334,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD11FC175CB4411E" bold="true" box="[351,420,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">dubia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACDFCFC185F51411D" author="Rossi" box="[434,577,1016,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Rossi, P. (1792) Mantissa Insectorum exibens species nuper in Etruria collectas a Petro Rossio adiectis faunae etruscae illustrationibus, ac emendationibus. Typographia Polloni, Pisa, 148 pp." type="book" year="1792">Rossi, 1792</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D17FF4ACCD9FBFA5F28413C" blockId="3.[151,586,1015,1075]" box="[151,568,1050,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
(
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D17FF4ACCD1FBFA5C1A413C" box="[159,266,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,489,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1991]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Hoplia dubia in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from Marina di Vecchiano." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D17FF4ACD58FBFB5C4F413C" box="[278,351,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scale vestiture of dorsal side (12, 14, 16) and pygidium (13, 15, 17), male specimens. 12 – 13, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 14 – 15, H. meridiana (Policoro); 16 – 17, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891724/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">12–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D17FF4ACD24FBFB5CA3413C" box="[362,435,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="13.[151,264,983,1005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,962]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,962]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scutellar area in oblique (18, 20, 22) and dorsal (19, 21, 23) view, male specimens. 18 – 19, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 20 – 21, H. meridiana (Policoro); 22 – 23, H. messapia (Torre Mozza). Note the difference between scutellar setae (thin in H. dubia, thick in H. meridiana and H. messapia) and the differences on the relation between the setae of scutellum and periscutellar setae of elytra (reciprocally similar for length and thickness in H. dubia and H. meridiana, different in H. messapia as the scutellar setae are short and thick and the elytral setae long and thin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891726/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">18–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D17FF4ACDF0FBFB5CCC413C" box="[446,476,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 26" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,646,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,589,1795]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 26. Hoplia dubia species group. Comparison between the shape of protoracic tarsi (right leg, ventral view), length uniform. 24, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 25, H. meridiana (R. N. O. Bosco Pantano di Policoro); 26, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole). A stouter structure, with broader tarsomeres and claw, is evident in H. meridiana (courtesy of Daniele Baiocchi and Lara Gallina)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891728/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D17FF4ACDA6FBFB5F20413C" box="[488,560,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 31" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 31. Hoplia dubia in nature from Marina di Vecchiano, 5. V. 2012. 28 – 29, male in activity on a dry stalk; 30, male sheltered among Juniperus fronds after a storm; 31, habitat of the species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">28–30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="430136EB3D17FF4ACCD9FB8259DF4094" blockId="3.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCD9FB825CC34174" bold="true" box="[151,467,1122,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
Search for the 
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series.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACD93FB825F624174" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[477,626,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD93FB825F624174" box="[477,626,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was cited with the incorrect date of 
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monographs and catalogs (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACCD0FB665C504190" author="Luigioni" box="[158,320,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Luigioni, P. (1929) I Coleotteri d'Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze Nuovi Lincei, Roma, 13, 1 - 1160." type="journal article" year="1929">Luigioni 1929</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACD03FB675CD94190" author="Porta" box="[333,457,1159,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Porta, A. (1932) Fauna Coleopterorum Italica, 5. Rhynchophora-Lamellicornia. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 476 pp." type="book" year="1932">Porta 1932</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACD98FB665F784190" author="Baraud" box="[470,616,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Baraud, J. (1992) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, 78, 1 - 856." type="journal article" year="1992">Baraud 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE3BFB675E064190" author="Smetana" box="[629,790,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Smetana A. (2006) Hopliini. In: Lobl, I. &amp; Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 184 - 189." type="book" year="2006">Smetana 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACF6DFB665EA54190" author="Bezdek" box="[803,949,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Bezdek, A. (2016) Hopliini. In: Lobl, I. &amp; Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden, pp. 216 - 224" type="journal article" year="2016">Bezděk 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and various faunistic papers (
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC940FB6758244191" box="[1294,1332,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">e.g.</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4AC90BFB665DC141CC" author="Mariani" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Mariani, G. (1959) Ricerche coleotterologiche sul litorale ionico di Puglia, Lucania e Calabria. Campagne 1956 - 1957 - 1958. II. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 38, 143 - 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Mariani 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACC92FB4B5F1941CC" author="Carpaneto" box="[220,521,1194,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Carpaneto, G. M. &amp; Piattella, E. (1995) Coleoptera Polyphaga V (Lucanoidea, Scarabaeoidea). In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. &amp; La Posta, S. (Eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 50. Calderini, Bologna, pp. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1995">Carpaneto &amp; Piattella 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE5AFB4A5E0741CC" author="Gobbi" box="[532,791,1194,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Gobbi, G. &amp; Piattella, E. (2008) Ricerche entomologiche nel biotopo di Policoro (Matera). Nota introduttiva. I Coleotteri Lamellicorni (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Bollettino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia, 63, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="2008">Gobbi &amp; Piattella 2008</bibRefCitation>
), but was actually described by Rossi in 1792 (1792: 11, as 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACCD9FB2E5C4B41E8" box="[151,347,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Melolontha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCD9FB2E5C4B41E8" box="[151,347,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Melolontha dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on an unspecified number of specimens. The collection of P. Rossi is believed to have first passed to Federico Sanvitale (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACDBAFB125FFD4004" author="Conci" box="[500,749,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Conci, C. &amp; Poggi, R. (1996) Elenco delle collezioni entomologiche conservate nelle strutture pubbliche italiane. Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 75, 3 - 157." type="journal article" year="1996">Conci &amp; Poggi 1996</bibRefCitation>
). After the death of Sanvitale (in 1819), his entomological collection was acquired by Giorgio Jan (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE00FAF65FCE4020" author="Adorni" box="[590,734,1302,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Adorni, G. (1840) Vita del conte Stefano Sanvitale. Filippo Carmignani, Parma, XI + 315 pp." type="book" year="1840">Adorni 1840</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACEA6FAF65E7B4020" author="Conci" box="[744,875,1302,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Conci, C. (1967) Il centenario di Giorgio Jan (1791 - 1866) e la fondazione ed il primo sviluppo del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 106, 5 - 94." type="journal article" year="1967">Conci 1967</bibRefCitation>
), whose collection contributed to the initial nucleus of what is now the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACF4BFADA5E9A405C" author="Conci" box="[773,906,1338,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Conci, C. (1967) Il centenario di Giorgio Jan (1791 - 1866) e la fondazione ed il primo sviluppo del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 106, 5 - 94." type="journal article" year="1967">Conci 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, Jan’s entomological collections were completely destroyed either in 1927 (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE3FFABE5E484078" author="Conci" box="[625,856,1374,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Conci, C. &amp; Poggi, R. (1996) Elenco delle collezioni entomologiche conservate nelle strutture pubbliche italiane. Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 75, 3 - 157." type="journal article" year="1996">Conci &amp; Poggi 1996</bibRefCitation>
) or in 1943, during World War II (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4AC894FABE589F4078" author="Goidanich" box="[1242,1423,1374,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Goidanich, A. (1975) Uomini, storie e insetti italiani nella scienza del passato. I precursori minori. Parte seconda. Redia, 58, 511 - 1060." type="journal article" year="1975">Goidanich 1975</bibRefCitation>
), therefore the Milano Museum do not still house any specimens originating from Rossi's collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D17FF4ACC89FA4759FD437C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1122,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
However, before the foundation of Milano museum, Jan and his associated G. de Cristoforis lived as free-lance scientists, also selling duplicates of their collections (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE98FA2A5E9B40EC" author="Goidanich" box="[726,907,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Goidanich, A. (1975) Uomini, storie e insetti italiani nella scienza del passato. I precursori minori. Parte seconda. Redia, 58, 511 - 1060." type="journal article" year="1975">Goidanich 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Through the sale of duplicates, at least a part of the Rossi and/or Sanvitale material is believed to have been passed to J. Hellwig, whose collection is now preserved in the Zoological Museum of Berlin (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACE6DF9F35E1A4324" author="Horn" box="[547,778,1554,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Horn, W. &amp; Kahle, I. (1935 - 1937) Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen und Entomo-Museologie (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Entomologie). Teil I-III. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem, 2 - 4, VI + 1 - 160, Taf. I - XVI; 161 - 296, Taf. XVII - XXVI; 297 - 536, Taf. XXVII - XXXVIII." type="book chapter" year="1935">
Horn &amp; Kahle 
<date id="3700102B3D17FF4ACE9CF9F25E1A4324" box="[722,778,1554,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" value="1935" valueMax="1937">1935</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1937). Even in this institute, however, materials of Rossi seem to be completely missing (
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4ACDB5F9D65F904340" author="Conci" box="[507,640,1590,1615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Conci, C. (1975) Repertorio delle biografie e bibliografie degli scrittori e cultori italiani di entomologia. Memorie Societa Entomologica Italiana, 48, 817 - 1069." type="journal article" year="1975">Conci 1975</bibRefCitation>
), and a recent survey confirmed that there are no specimens identifiable as being 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D17FF4ACCB6F9BB5C48437C" box="[248,344,1627,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACD32F9BC5CCB437C" box="[380,475,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Melolontha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD32F9BC5CCB437C" box="[380,475,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Joachim Williers, personal communication to M.U., 
<date id="3700102B3D17FF4AC864F9BA59F1437C" box="[1066,1249,1626,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" value="2012-09">September 2012</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D17FF4ACC89F99E58464398" blockId="3.[151,1437,1122,2011]" box="[199,1366,1662,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Therefore, the type series is considered lost, and the designation of a neotype is deemed to be necessary.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D17FF4DCC89F9425F9445F8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1122,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACC89F9425F6243B4" bold="true" box="[199,626,1698,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Correct identification of the taxon.</emphasis>
In spite of the loss of the 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D17FF4ACFE1F9435ECF43B4" box="[943,991,1699,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
specimens, the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACCD9F9265C3E43D0" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,302,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACCD9F9265C3E43D0" box="[151,302,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allows its reliable identification among the species of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACFE5F9265EE943D0" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1803" box="[939,1017,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACFE5F9265EE943D0" box="[939,1017,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the Italian region once known as “Etruria”, which is the 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D17FF4ACE65F90B5F4B420C" box="[555,603,1771,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
locality. Here, besides 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACF3AF90C5ECC420C" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[884,988,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACF3AF90C5ECC420C" box="[884,988,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4AC866F90C5C574228" authority="(D'Amore Fracassi, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="D'Amore Fracassi" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiorii" subGenus="Decamera">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC866F90C592C420C" box="[1064,1084,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC817F90C59DD420C" box="[1113,1229,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Decamera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC8ADF90B580B420C" box="[1251,1307,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">fiorii</emphasis>
(D’Amore Fracassi, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACD19F8EF5F904228" authority="(Poda, 1761)" baseAuthorityName="Poda" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[343,640,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD19F8EF5CCF4229" box="[343,479,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. argentea</emphasis>
(Poda, 1761)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACEC1F8EF5EDE4228" authority="Bonelli, 1812" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1812" box="[655,974,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACEC1F8EF5E344228" box="[655,804,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. brunnipes</emphasis>
Bonelli, 1812
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACF92F8EF5C0E4244" authority="Leo, Liberto, Rattu, &amp; Sechi, 2010" authorityName="Leo, Liberto, Rattu, &amp; Sechi" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maremmana">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACF92F8EF599D4229" box="[988,1165,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. maremmana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D17FF4AC8D9F8EF5C0E4244" author="Leo" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" refString="Leo, P., Liberto, A., Rattu, A. &amp; Sechi, D. (2010) Una nuova specie di Hoplia della Toscana. Fragmenta Entomologica, 42, 453 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / fe. 2010.215" type="journal article" year="2010">Leo, Liberto, Rattu, &amp; Sechi, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACD17F8D45F644244" authority="(Panzer, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[345,628,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD17F8D45CD94244" box="[345,457,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. minuta</emphasis>
(Panzer, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
are recorded. Fundamental diagnostic characters mentioned by Rossi in the description of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4ACD2DF8B75CD54260" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[355,453,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4ACD2DF8B75CD54260" box="[355,453,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: black integuments with testaceous elytra, body covered by silver-green scales, and body covered by dense light-grey setae, longer on head and prothorax. The combination of these characters will exclude all the mentioned taxa but one, which is confidently confirmed to be the true 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4AC880F87F582842B8" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1230,1336,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC880F87F582842B8" box="[1230,1336,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4AC900F87E5C3242D4" authorityName="Leo, Liberto, Rattu, &amp; Sechi" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maremmana">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC900F87E5C3242D4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Hoplia maremmana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recently described, was sometimes misidentified in collections as 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D17FF4AC85BF824596842D4" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1045,1144,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D17FF4AC85BF824596842D4" box="[1045,1144,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the short pubescence of the body fits by no means with the long, dense grey setae described by 
<bibRefCitation id="272F4B1A3D10FF4DCFAEFF77596445BF" author="Rossi" box="[992,1140,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" refString="Rossi, P. (1792) Mantissa Insectorum exibens species nuper in Etruria collectas a Petro Rossio adiectis faunae etruscae illustrationibus, ac emendationibus. Typographia Polloni, Pisa, 148 pp." type="book" year="1792">Rossi (1792)</bibRefCitation>
. In addition, the ranges of the new species 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DCD17FF5D5CF745DB" box="[345,487,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messapia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCD17FF5D5CF745DB" box="[345,487,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">H. messapia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DCE68FF5D5FAF45DA" box="[550,703,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCE68FF5D5FAF45DA" box="[550,703,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">H. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not encompass &quot;Etruria&quot;, so these species cannot figure as candidates matching the historical 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DCE52FF015F6E45F7" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[540,638,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCE52FF015F6E45F7" box="[540,638,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">H. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BA465603D10FF4DCC89FEE45CA044A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="430136EB3D10FF4DCC89FEE45CA044A2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<materialsCitation id="F3D63CB63D10FF4DCC89FEE45FAA444F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471439" location="Specimens" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="188" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="182" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCC89FEE45C754412" bold="true" box="[199,357,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D10FF4DCC89FEE45C124412" box="[199,258,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DCD22FEE45F824412" authority="di Vecchiano, Pisa" authorityName="di Vecchiano, Pisa" box="[364,658,260,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina di Vecchiano, Pisa</taxonomicName>
(it was &quot;Etruria&quot; before the designation of the 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D10FF4DC8D0FEE459EC4413" box="[1182,1276,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
). 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCC89FEC75CD8444F" bold="true" box="[199,456,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<location id="466160303D10FF4DCC89FEC75C55444F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB1787FD3D17FF4CCCD9FC175FF540EB:466160303D10FF4DCC89FEC75C55444F" box="[199,325,295,320]" name="Specimens" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Specimens</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
A total of 
<specimenCount id="55B8FD623D10FF4DCE08FEC85F98444F" box="[582,648,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="male">182♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="55B8FD623D10FF4DCEDBFEC75FAA444F" box="[661,698,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="F3D63CB63D10FF4DCE89FEC75E49446B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638471438" collectingDate="2012-05-05" collectingDateMax="2012-05-07" collectingDateMin="2012-05-05" collectionCode="MSNVE" collectorName="M. Uliana" country="Italy" location="Toscana" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toscana" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D10FF4DCE89FEC75E39444F" box="[711,809,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="neotype">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCE89FEC75E39444F" bold="true" box="[711,809,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Neotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(here designated): 
<collectingCountry id="3BA9767B3D10FF4DC84AFEC75928444F" box="[1028,1080,295,320]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="817AF8093D10FF4DC80BFEC859B34430" box="[1093,1187,296,319]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Toscana</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DC8FEFEC7588C444F" authority="di Vecchiano" authorityName="di Vecchiano" box="[1200,1436,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina di Vecchiano</taxonomicName>
(PI), 40.804, 10.265, 
<collectingDate id="2744E9C33D10FF4DCDC8FEAC5F1A446A" box="[390,522,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2012-05-05" valueMax="2012-05-07" valueMin="2012-05-05">
<date id="3700102B3D10FF4DCDC8FEAC5F1A446A" box="[390,522,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" value="2012-05-05" valueMax="2012-05-07" valueMin="2012-05-05">5–7.V.2012</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="EE4B533D3D10FF4DCE0BFEAD5FA7446A" box="[581,695,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">M. Uliana</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="55B8FD623D10FF4DCE89FEAC5FCE446B" box="[711,734,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectionCode id="25AFAE2E3D10FF4DCEA4FEAC5E41446B" box="[746,849,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">MSNVE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCF2DFEAC593B446A" bold="true" box="[867,1067,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Other specimens</emphasis>
: see 
<tableCitation id="0E3C03503D10FF4DC82AFEAC59AA446B" box="[1124,1210,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Hoplia dubia, list of examined specimens. Specimens without date at MSNFI bear the indication “ dono Piccioli &quot; [= gift Piccioli] ” and should be attributed to Ferdinando Maria Piccioli (26 July 1821 – 14 February 1900). For standardization of labels data, see Materials and methods." pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Table 2</tableCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCC89FE8F5FD14487" bold="true" box="[199,705,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Integrative and comparative description.</emphasis>
For variable characters, the character state of the neotype is between square brackets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="17C166633D10FF4DCCD9F83C584E42FD" box="[151,1374,2012,2034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" targetBox="[168,1411,489,1934]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="430136EB3D10FF4DCCD9F83C584E42FD" blockId="4.[151,1374,2012,2034]" box="[151,1374,2012,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCCD9F83C5C2A42FD" bold="true" box="[151,314,2012,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DCDFFF83C5F2742FD" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[433,567,2012,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D10FF4DCDFFF83C5F2742FD" box="[433,567,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Hoplia dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D10FF4DC8CAF83C584E42FD" authority="di Vecchiano." authorityName="di Vecchiano." box="[1156,1374,2012,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina di Vecchiano.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0BA465603D11FF4CCC89FF775DDF4077" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="description">
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FF775F7E45BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,622,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FF775C1B45BF" bold="true" box="[199,267,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Male.</emphasis>
Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCDE4FF775F0545BF" box="[426,533,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,489,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1991]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Hoplia dubia in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from Marina di Vecchiano." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891716/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCE6FFF785F7A45BF" box="[545,618,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 31" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 31. Hoplia dubia in nature from Marina di Vecchiano, 5. V. 2012. 28 – 29, male in activity on a dry stalk; 30, male sheltered among Juniperus fronds after a storm; 31, habitat of the species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891732/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">28–30</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FF5D5E5145F8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FF5D5DE445DB" box="[199,244,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Size</emphasis>
. Smaller than the other two species. PBL: 
<quantity id="84469B0E3D11FF4CCEA8FF5C5E7F45DB" box="[742,879,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="5.7">5.7–6.3 mm</quantity>
[5.9], average 6.0 mm; TBL: 7.1–8.0 mm [7.2], average: 
<quantity id="84469B0E3D11FF4CCCB3FF005C4645F8" box="[253,342,224,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
; MBW: 
<quantity id="84469B0E3D11FF4CCDFBFF005F2C45F8" box="[437,572,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.9 mm</quantity>
[3.6], average 
<quantity id="84469B0E3D11FF4CCEAAFF005E2D45F8" box="[740,829,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FEE45DFF444F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FEE45C1D4412" box="[199,269,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Color.</emphasis>
Specimens with black elytra not observed; darkening along suture more marked than in the other two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FEAC5F7747FF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FEAC5C1F446A" box="[199,271,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Scales</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCD51FEAC5CBA446B" box="[287,426,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scale vestiture of dorsal side (12, 14, 16) and pygidium (13, 15, 17), male specimens. 12 – 13, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 14 – 15, H. meridiana (Policoro); 16 – 17, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
). Shape: on the entire body, more elongate than in the other two species. On the head, if present, thin, bristle-like. On pronotum and scutellum narrowly elliptical to slenderly lanceolate. On elytra elliptical or drop-shaped, on average less elongate than those of pronotum and of pygidium. On pygidium similar to that of pronotum. Color: on head and pronotum nacreous, mostly with pale hues of yellow, green, or pink, less commonly cyan; color of pronotum uniform [as in 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D11FF4CCEBAFE3D5E4044FA" box="[756,848,477,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
] or without noticeable variations across the entire surface. On elytra, similar to pronotum along a narrow basal stripe and sometimes the suture [as in 
<typeStatus id="9C0588493D11FF4CC8A6FDE058564717" box="[1256,1350,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
], on the rest of the surface yellow or ochre [ochre], more dull. On propygidium, pygidium, ventral side and legs, similar to pronotum. Color in general paler than in 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCE23FDA95E14476F" box="[621,772,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCE23FDA95E14476F" box="[621,772,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">H. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCF70FDA95EDA476F" box="[830,970,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messapia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCF70FDA95EDA476F" box="[830,970,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">H. messapia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Arrangement: distinctly raised from the integument. On head, absent to very scarce [absent]. On pronotum, two &quot;whirls&quot; are present along the base, at about two-thirds of the distance from the medial line to the posterior angles, with some scales directed forward present along the edge. On elytra, well spaced: in the discal area the transversal distance between two scales roughly 1–2 times the width of one scale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FD1D587C46E2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FD1D5C1B461B" box="[199,267,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Setae.</emphasis>
In general, longer than 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCE6AFD1D5FAD461A" box="[548,701,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCE6AFD1D5FAD461A" box="[548,701,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">H. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and similar to 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCF3FFD1D5EEE461B" box="[881,1022,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messapia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCF3FFD1D5EEE461B" box="[881,1022,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">H. messapia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except scutellum). Pronotum setae long on entire surface (
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCDD9FCFF5CF64637" box="[407,486,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,489,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1991]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Hoplia dubia in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from Marina di Vecchiano." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891716/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCDBFFCC05F1F4637" box="[497,527,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,900,1861]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scale vestiture of dorsal side (12, 14, 16) and pygidium (13, 15, 17), male specimens. 12 – 13, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 14 – 15, H. meridiana (Policoro); 16 – 17, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">12</figureCitation>
), the longest about 0.4–0.5x the length of the pronotum and 1.2–1.3x the width of scutellum. Length quite uniform across the surface, except a small medial area in the basal third, where setae although mixed in length are on average shorter. This area bears anyway setae almost as long as on the rest of pronotum. Scutellum with setae long and thin, hair-like, similar to those along the base of the pronotum and of the elytra, although on average shorter, measuring about 0.5x the length of the scutellum (
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CC83EFC4F59EB46C7" box="[1136,1275,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="13.[151,264,983,1005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,962]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,962]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Hoplia dubia species group. Details of scutellar area in oblique (18, 20, 22) and dorsal (19, 21, 23) view, male specimens. 18 – 19, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 20 – 21, H. meridiana (Policoro); 22 – 23, H. messapia (Torre Mozza). Note the difference between scutellar setae (thin in H. dubia, thick in H. meridiana and H. messapia) and the differences on the relation between the setae of scutellum and periscutellar setae of elytra (reciprocally similar for length and thickness in H. dubia and H. meridiana, different in H. messapia as the scutellar setae are short and thick and the elytral setae long and thin)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891726/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
). Elytral setae hair-like, sparsely mixed in length, long setae present: setae measuring about 1.5–7 times the length of a scale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FC175FA041CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FC175C40411F" box="[199,336,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Morphology</emphasis>
. Clypeus about 2.6–3.1 [2.8] times wider than long (average: 2.7). Sides of pronotum slightly and regularly curved to almost straight, not noticeably angulose. Sutural region of elytra, compared to the rest of the surface, raised, with &quot;swollen&quot; look. Pygidium W/L = 1.23. First antennomere poorly and evenly expanded, apical width about twice the width of the funicle. Protibia, on average, slightly narrower than in the other two species. With particular reference to 
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCD96FB695F6541AF" box="[472,629,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCD96FB695F6241AF" box="[472,626,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridiana">H. meridiana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
teeth sharper, the basal tooth more protruding and acute. Protarsomere slender, similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCDFBFB4D5F5041CB" box="[437,576,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="messapia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCDFBFB4D5F5041CB" box="[437,576,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">H. messapia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCE01FB4C5FB441CB" box="[591,676,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 26" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1816,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1372,646,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,589,1795]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 26. Hoplia dubia species group. Comparison between the shape of protoracic tarsi (right leg, ventral view), length uniform. 24, Hoplia dubia (Marina di Vecchiano); 25, H. meridiana (R. N. O. Bosco Pantano di Policoro); 26, H. messapia (Cesine, Le Vernole). A stouter structure, with broader tarsomeres and claw, is evident in H. meridiana (courtesy of Daniele Baiocchi and Lara Gallina)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891728/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FB2F5F1641E7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,518,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FB2F5C3541E7" bold="true" box="[199,293,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Female.</emphasis>
Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCD8BFB2F5F1241E7" box="[453,514,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[168,1411,489,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,481,1991]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Habitus of Hoplia dubia in dorsal and lateral view. 1, 3: male; 2: female. All from Marina di Vecchiano." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891716/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig 2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FB1459F04002" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,1248,1268,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FB145C1D4002" box="[199,269,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Color.</emphasis>
Tarsi light brown to dark brown. Specimens with lighter tibiae or femora not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FAF75EEE403F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,1022,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FAF75C1F403F" box="[199,271,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Scales</emphasis>
. Color not different from that of the male, including the pronotum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FADC5DDF4077" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FADC5C47405A" box="[199,343,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Morphology.</emphasis>
Elytra with shape similar to that of the male. Pygidium more convex than in males, ratio W/L: 1.16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BA465603D11FF4CCC89FA645FF540EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="430136EB3D11FF4CCC89FA645FF540EB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCC89FA645C704092" bold="true" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84BE4D683D11FF4CCD26FA645CEE4092" baseAuthorityName="Rossi" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[360,510,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="71CAEAF93D11FF4CCD26FA645CEE4092" box="[360,510,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Hoplia dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known for the coast of northern 
<collectingRegion id="817AF8093D11FF4CCFC1FA655EFE4092" box="[911,1006,1413,1437]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Tuscany</collectingRegion>
, between Viareggio and Gombo, west of Pisa. The species is not recorded south of the Arno River, although it may be present in the small fragments of suitable habitat between there and Livorno (
<figureCitation id="DB852A6E3D11FF4CCECAFA2C5FC940EB" box="[644,729,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1729,1751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1707]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 27. Known distribution of the species of the Hoplia dubia species group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/891730/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>