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<document id="83A14780DCE4692891CB1FA3B9E26DFB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211621" ID-ZooBank="E939D165-05C8-4557-BF13-751B26188C39" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722790802052" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Yingqi &amp; Cai, Wanzhi" docDate="2024" docId="0A0987BAFFC6FFC0D69CF9F1B418DFDC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5490.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5490 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="F630FFC2FFF6FFF4D60BFFC7B73CDF09" masterDocTitle="Revision of Australian Brachysandalus with the description of nine new species including one cavernicolous species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), and observations on male extragenital structure and leg teratology" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1722792384556" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="226D5C525929D37DBA74AF6324A71CBD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2EEF3E33CEF7A43237013C722819EB59">
<mods:title id="F844BD08CAF8A47E35A51403E08FD291">Revision of Australian Brachysandalus with the description of nine new species including one cavernicolous species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), and observations on male extragenital structure and leg teratology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="24C55B79CD572A0B204266A7D0DA8570">
<mods:roleTerm id="18C66E139D45BE640D10B5851D338CA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8BD95B8C9368ED9AEA1D51ACD86B72D2">Liu, Yingqi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AADB2662D54C18868B1710260B76A368" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3088-1035</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="701686BDD3095BA5B6969C1693EECA4C">Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035 &amp; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China yingqiliu 0720 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0881 - 9670 caiwz @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8620 - 0446 * Corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7CF1B444373E44278E399C3EF785B20" type="email">malipatil@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8B6730A7CADA06B945C4879D9B8AFA2F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D6008D1BB3851B3222E38EC761BEA5A6">Cai, Wanzhi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADBB33BA9CE273BAAABEF8678A0BA341" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3088-1035</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6A3B42828E0FD4A062C0E9E93C9D992F">Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035 &amp; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China yingqiliu 0720 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0881 - 9670 caiwz @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8620 - 0446 * Corresponding authors &amp; Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB43710EF90EF21315F2F434AB9D1B17" type="email">malipatil@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DCBC8A1FFEE6049287DDCEA1E5A165A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D76C95C81D0C8F39DF29730918C7C4F4">
<mods:date id="D65F9317A1E036FEA35913B08F90CADA">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C20EBC270B93E468F9FB08C78BDA9BBE">2024-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C735B2301734AA86F344CA56F581C4CC">5490</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A3E8358CB6427A0278485120ACFB6A52">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9BEBD0E4281E1E46967C073612DA5C55" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0A0987BAFFC6FFC0D69CF9F1B418DFDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A0987BAFFC6FFC0D69CF9F1B418DFDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0987BAFFC6FFC0D69CF9F1B418DFDC" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B405D958" box="[151,825,1590,1617]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B405D958" blockId="48.[151,825,1590,1653]" box="[151,825,1590,1617]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D95781C0FFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B405D958" bold="true" box="[151,825,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B405D958" bold="true" box="[151,825,1590,1617]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B5F3D959" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,719,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gunbalanyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC6FFC4D69CF9F1B6C2D958" bold="true" box="[151,510,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brachysandalus gunbalanyae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFC6FFC4D4D0F9F0B405D958" box="[731,825,1591,1617]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC6FFC4D69CF99CB612D97C" box="[151,302,1626,1653]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC6FFC4D69CF99CB612D97C" blockId="48.[151,825,1590,1653]" box="[151,302,1626,1653]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D694F99CB7C1D97C" box="[159,253,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D702F99DB61AD97C" box="[265,294,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC6FFC4D69CF964B3C1D9E8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC6FFC4D69CF964B3C1D9E8" blockId="48.[151,1436,1698,2013]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC6FFC4D69CF964B667D9B5" bold="true" box="[151,347,1698,1725]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="32C83CF1FFC6FFC4D768F964B2ABD9B4" box="[355,1431,1699,1725]" collectionCode="MV" collectorName="Oenpelli, D. P" country="Australia" location="Northern Territory" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Territory" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC6FFC4D768F964B6F7D9B4" box="[355,459,1699,1725]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
macropterous male,
<collectingCountry id="FAB7763CFFC6FFC4D4B3F964B41ED9B4" box="[696,802,1699,1725]" name="Australia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFC6FFC4D525F964B4C3D9B4" box="[814,1023,1699,1725]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFC6FFC4D200F964B393D9B4" box="[1035,1199,1699,1725]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Oenpelli, D. P</collectorName>
. Cahill, 12.18 (
<collectionCode id="E4B1AE69FFC6FFC4D356F964B2B0D9B4" box="[1373,1420,1699,1725]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">MV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="32C83CF1FFC6FFC4D69CF900B3C4D9E8" box="[151,1272,1735,1761]" collectionCode="MV" country="Australia" location="NORTHERN TERRITORY" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Territory" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC6FFC4D69CF900B634D9E8" box="[151,264,1735,1761]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFC6FFC4D718F900B577D9E8" box="[275,587,1735,1761]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">NORTHERN TERRITORY</collectingRegion>
. 2 macropterous males (1 dissected), same as
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC6FFC4D246F900B393D9E8" box="[1101,1199,1735,1761]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="E4B1AE69FFC6FFC4D2B5F900B3D1D9E8" box="[1214,1261,1735,1761]" country="0" name="University of Montana Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">MV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC6FFC5D6CCF92DB446DE14" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC6FFC4D6CCF92DB67ED80D" blockId="48.[151,1436,1698,2013]" box="[199,322,1770,1796]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC6FFC4D6CCF92DB67ED80D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1770,1796]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC6FFC5D6CCF8C8B446DE14" blockId="48.[151,1436,1698,2013]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1436,150,537]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Only macropterous male known, body small-medium sized. Dark brown to black (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D256F8C8B38CD820" box="[1117,1200,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
), hemelytron with an oval spot involving apical 1/2 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu yellow (this spot about as long as scutellum length) (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D45BF890B584D878" box="[592,696,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
). Fore femur armed below with two rows of minute tubercles, rows indistinctly separated by a faint median furrow, ventral surface of mid femur without tubercles (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D2CEF8BCB210D89C" box="[1221,1324,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
); fore and mid tibiae with fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/3 tibial length (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC6FFC4D584F858B4C9D8B0" box="[911,1013,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
); in male, abdominal sternite VII with extragenital structure in the form of a small narrow apically pointed process, but without a corresponding swelling of cuticle (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D719FF50B6BFDFB8" box="[274,387,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs. 24C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D79BFF51B6FCDFB8" box="[400,448,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-28@104.[151,1436,181,1469]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 55. Close-up photos of extragenital process of Australian Brachysandalus species.A, B. sepulchralis (Distant, 1902); B, B. howarthi Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; C, B. alutaceus (Reuter, 1881); D, B. helluo Stål, 1866; E, B. ephippiger (White, 1843); F, B. punctorius Stål, 1866; G, B. flavidus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; H, B. crassifemur (Reuter, 1881); I, B. maculatus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; J. B. ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; K, B. fulvipes Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; L, B. gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; M–P, B. westraliensis Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov. Blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211793/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">55L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D7C7FF51B6C1DFB8" box="[460,509,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-19@105.[151,1436,181,1470]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 56. Illustrations of extragenital process of Australian Brachysandalus species. A, B. sepulchralis (Distant, 1902); B, B. howarthi Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; C, B. alutaceus (Reuter, 1881); D, B. helluo Stål, 1866; E, B. ephippiger (White, 1843); F, B. punctorius Stål, 1866; G, B. flavidus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; H, B. crassifemur (Reuter, 1881); I, B. maculatus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; J. B. ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; K, B. fulvipes Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; L, B. gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; M–P, B. westraliensis Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211797/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">56L</figureCitation>
); male genitalia with median pygophore process straight, tapered to pointed apex, venter strongly ridged in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D45AFF7CB584DFDC" box="[593,696,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
), and slenderly spatulate, slightly narrowly at base and gradually narrowing to a slightly reflexed apex in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D4F2FF18B45DDFF0" box="[761,865,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
); inner margin of lateral phallothecal sclerite with upper half smooth but lower half with several denticles (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D51BFEC4B451DE14" box="[784,877,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 25I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC7FFC6D6CCFEE1B2AAD80C" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC5D6CCFEE1B665DE49" blockId="49.[151,1436,150,537]" box="[199,345,294,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D6CCFEE1B665DE49" bold="true" box="[199,345,294,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC5D6CCFE8CB525DE6C" blockId="49.[151,1436,150,537]" box="[199,537,331,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D6CCFE8CB68DDE6C" bold="true" box="[199,433,331,357]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Macropterous male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D7CBFE8CB52DDE6C" box="[448,529,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC5D6CCFEA8B6FBDD10" blockId="49.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D6CCFEA8B66CDE80" box="[199,336,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colouration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D76BFEA8B689DE80" box="[352,437,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
): Dark brown to black. Antenna brown with apical two segments yellowish brown; third visible labial segment brown; oval spot involving apical 1/2 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu yellow (this spot about as long as scutellum length), and an inconspicuous, thin, curved stripe near base of costal margin on membrane pale yellow; legs dark brown except apex of fore femur and basal portion of fore tibia yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6DF6624FFC7FFC5D69CF9EAB608D985" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" targetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" targetPageId="49" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC5D69CF9EAB608D985" blockId="49.[151,1437,1581,1677]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D69CF9EAB623D94C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1581,1605]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFC7FFC5D72EF9EAB5C5D94C" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,761,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gunbalanyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D72EF9EAB56DD94C" box="[293,593,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Brachysandalus gunbalanyae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D509F9EAB46ED94C" bold="true" box="[770,850,1581,1605]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFC7FFC5D509F9EAB46ED94C" box="[770,850,1581,1605]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC5D6CCF918B3EFD848" blockId="49.[151,1437,1759,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D6CCF918B612D9F0" box="[199,302,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Structure</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D74BF918B6A3D9F0" box="[320,415,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC7FFC5D7A6F918B6F1D9F3" box="[429,461,1759,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">25</figureCitation>
): Body small-medium sized, wholly covered with golden, pilosity; anteocular part of head, legs and posterior margin of abdomen covered with yellowish brown to brown, suberect setae of varying lengths; scutellum with margins and apical process covered with several blackish brown bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC7FFC6D6CCF88CB369DE48" blockId="49.[151,1437,1759,2038]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC7FFC5D6CCF88CB638D86C" box="[199,260,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
: elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish yellowish pilosity and sparse longer brownish bristly setae, prominent on mandibular plates, dorsal aspect of head and between eyes, and on dorsal aspect of first labial segment. Anteocular region elongate triangular, clypeus near its base slightly elevated and knobbed above mandibular plates. Interocular region with arcuate convex sulcus at posterior border of eyes, a small pit near base. Postocular region almost rounded to neck with lateral tubercles not obvious. Ventral surface of head slightly tumid before eyes. Second and third antennal segments with short whitish pilosity that is much shorter than width of respective segments, and a few sparse longer darker setae, pedicel only slightly thinner than scape, then basi-and distiflagellum slightly thinnest. Eyes large, reniform, almost reaching dorsal and ventral margins in lateral view, width of eye more than interocular width. Ocelli large and conspicuously raised, separated from each other by about diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by less than diameter of single ocellus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCFE8CB495DDA0" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCFE8CB624DE6C" box="[199,280,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum entirely covered with short pale pilosity; anterior lobe with integument smooth, stripes distinct, sulci indistinct except shallow and posteriorly widened median longitudinal sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded, about 1.5X as wide as maximum width of anterior lobe. Scutellum triangular, disc slightly depressed, sides conspicuously carinate, integument pilose, scutellar process short, posteriorly directed with apex strongly pointed. Propleuron with integument faintly granulate, smoothly pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a carina. Mesopleuron integument minutely granulate, sparsely pilose. Metapleuron with integument more sparsely and distinctly granulate but granules do not striate, metapleural sulcus distinctly bicarinate and curved, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites smooth, moderately pilose. Metasternum with disc tumid. Hemelytron distinctly exceeding tip of abdomen, not exposing connexiva laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCFD74B592DCC0" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCFD74B7C0DDC5" box="[199,252,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Legs</emphasis>
: Fore leg with coxa with whitish pilosity; trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy; femur strongly fusiform, greatly incrassate near base narrowing distally, much thicker than other femora, armed below with two rows of minute tubercles, rows indistinctly separated by a faint median furrow; tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/3 tibial length; tarsi with denser pilosity interspersed with several thicker bristles ventrally. Mid leg with coxa globular; femur only slightly thickened, not armed below with tubercles; tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa only about 1/3 its length. Hind leg with femur cylindrical; tibia with brush of setae, denser at apex; tarsi and tarsal claws of right leg in
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC4FFC6D69CFC68B7C5DCC0" box="[151,249,943,969]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
exhibit abnormality, see details below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCFC14B36BDBCC" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCFC14B60DDCE4" box="[199,305,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Sternum carinate in midline, shiny, smooth with sparse longer hairs in addition to pilosity (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D364FC14B7F6DB18" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
), sternite VII with extragenital structure in the form of a small narrow apically pointed process, but without a corresponding swelling of cuticle (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D41CFBDCB5BADB3C" box="[535,646,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,585,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-164@49.[151,1436,561,1557]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 24. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211695/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 24C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D49BFBDDB5FCDB3C" box="[656,704,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-19@105.[151,1436,181,1470]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 56. Illustrations of extragenital process of Australian Brachysandalus species. A, B. sepulchralis (Distant, 1902); B, B. howarthi Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; C, B. alutaceus (Reuter, 1881); D, B. helluo Stål, 1866; E, B. ephippiger (White, 1843); F, B. punctorius Stål, 1866; G, B. flavidus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; H, B. crassifemur (Reuter, 1881); I, B. maculatus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; J. B. ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; K, B. fulvipes Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; L, B. gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; M–P, B. westraliensis Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211797/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">56L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D4C1FBDDB5C7DB3C" box="[714,763,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,468,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-162@106.[151,1436,453,1558]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 57. Mating in peiratine species.A, mating specimens of Fusiusdistinctus Miller, 1957; B,mating specimens of Tydides imitator Lent, 1955; C. precopulatory behaviour of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873; D, mating position of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211799/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">57L</figureCitation>
). Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum, abdominal sterna, and terga entire. Spiracles situated below connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with impressed spot not obviously visible, also impressed irregular areas present anterior of each spiracle close to anterior margin of abdominal sternite. Dorsum with three small scent gland scars of subequal width on terga III–IV, IV–V and V–VI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCFB08B256D900" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCFB08B655DBE0" box="[199,361,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D77DFB08B6FBDBE0" box="[374,455,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
): Median pygophore process straight, tapered to pointed apex, oblique to right side, venter strongly ridged in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D7FFFB34B566DA04" box="[500,602,1266,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
); slenderly spatulate, slightly narrowly at base and gradually narrowing to a slightly reflexed apex in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D435FAD0B598DA38" box="[574,676,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
). Parameres (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D530FAD0B4F4DA38" box="[827,968,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25D&amp;E</figureCitation>
) subtriangular and curved in middle, with outer surfaces covered with obvious sparse longer bristles as on pygophore (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D5E5FAFCB34BDA5C" box="[1006,1143,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25A–C</figureCitation>
), left paramere (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D325FAFCB2A8DA5C" box="[1326,1428,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
) slightly broader and longer than right paramere (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D4B9FA98B42ADA70" box="[690,790,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
). Phallus (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D581FA98B33EDA70" box="[906,1026,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25F–I</figureCitation>
) in resting condition with basal plate longer than basal plate bridge (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D7FBFA44B56FDA94" box="[496,595,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
), pedicel slightly curved and slightly shorter than basal plate (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D303FA44B2ACDA94" box="[1288,1424,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25H&amp;I</figureCitation>
); length of struts longer than half length of phallosoma (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D4F6FA60B45EDAC8" box="[765,866,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
); apex of dorsal phallothecal sclerite truncate (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D364FA60B7FBDAEC" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
); lateral phallothecal sclerite subquadrangular, inner margin with upper half smooth but lower half with several denticles (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D701FA28B65BD900" box="[266,359,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25I</figureCitation>
); pair of slender sclerites near base of venter of phallosoma strongly sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC4FFC6D2FFFA28B261D900" box="[1268,1373,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-19@51.[151,1436,181,1808]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 25. Brachysandalus gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCF9D4B2AAD80C" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCF9D4B655D925" box="[199,361,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Measurements</emphasis>
: [of
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC4FFC6D7A2F9D4B537D924" box="[425,523,1555,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male]. Body length 11.70; maximum width of abdomen 3.40; length of head 1.71; length of anteocular region 0.57; length of postocular region 0.38; width of head across eyes 1.33; width of interocular space 0.41; width of interocellar space 0.19; length of eye in dorsal view 0.60; width of eye in dorsal view 0.45; lengths of antennal segments I–IV 0.87 / 1.90 / 1.71 /?; length of visible labial segments I–III 0.79 / 0.95 / 0.38; length of pronotum 2.39; length of anterior pronotal lobe 1.36; length of posterior pronotal lobe 0.98; width of anterior pronotal lobe 1.82; width of posterior pronotal lobe 2.73; length of scutellum 1.48; maximum width of scutellum 1.40; length of hemelytron 8.10; length of fore tibia 2.09; length of fossula spongiosa on fore tibia 0.64.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC4FFC6D6CCF8C9B411D820" box="[199,813,1806,1833]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCF8C9B411D820" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,813,1806,1833]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCF8C9B65DD821" bold="true" box="[199,353,1806,1832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FAB7763CFFC4FFC6D76CF8C8B6F2D820" box="[359,462,1807,1833]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFC4FFC6D7D7F8C8B591D820" box="[476,685,1807,1833]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
– top end).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC4FFC6D6CCF8F4B3DDD8D4" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCF8F4B638D89C" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCF8F4B672D844" bold="true" box="[199,334,1843,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from ‘
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D4E4F8F4B445D844" box="[751,889,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gunbalanya</emphasis>
’ an Aboriginal Australian town in west Arnhem Land in the
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFC4FFC6D716F890B6D0D878" box="[285,492,1879,1905]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="FAB7763CFFC4FFC6D404F890B545D878" box="[527,633,1879,1905]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and historically referred to as Oenpelli, where the
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC4FFC6D2BFF890B3D8D878" box="[1204,1252,1879,1905]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC4FFC6D6CCF859B3DDD8D4" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D6CCF859B68CD8B0" bold="true" box="[199,432,1950,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Comparative notes.</emphasis>
This species has some similarities with
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFC4FFC6D57BF858B33ED8B0" authorityName="Liu &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[880,1026,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D57BF858B33ED8B0" box="[880,1026,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D203F858B35ED8B0" bold="true" box="[1032,1122,1951,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFC4FFC6D203F858B35ED8B0" box="[1032,1122,1951,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
described below, the details in which both these species differ from each other are detailed under
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFC4FFC6D596F804B313D8D4" authorityName="Liu &amp; Cai" authorityYear="2024" box="[925,1071,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D596F804B313D8D4" box="[925,1071,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC4FFC6D23DF804B3ACD8D4" bold="true" box="[1078,1168,1987,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFC4FFC6D23DF804B3ACD8D4" box="[1078,1168,1987,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D6DF6624FFC5FFC7D69CF8EFB3D8D8A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211697" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211697/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1832,1856]" targetBox="[162,1421,192,1797]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC5FFC7D69CF8EFB3D8D8A4" blockId="51.[151,1436,1832,1965]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC5FFC7D69CF8EFB61ED849" bold="true" box="[151,290,1832,1856]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFC5FFC7D721F8EFB434D849" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,776,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gunbalanyae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC5FFC7D721F8EFB565D849" box="[298,601,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brachysandalus gunbalanyae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC5FFC7D51FF8EFB45AD849" bold="true" box="[788,870,1832,1856]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFC5FFC7D51FF8EFB45AD849" box="[788,870,1832,1856]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (for A–C); 0.40 mm (for D–I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFC2FFC0D6CCFF50B418DFDC" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFC2FFC0D6CCFF50B418DFDC" blockId="52.[151,1436,150,213]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFC2FFC0D6CCFF50B607DFB8" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
The tarsi and tarsal claws of right leg in the
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFC2FFC0D533FF50B4A6DFB8" box="[824,922,151,177]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
exhibit a case of teratology (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFC2FFC0D2EEFF50B258DFB8" box="[1253,1380,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,468,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-162@106.[151,1436,453,1558]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 57. Mating in peiratine species.A, mating specimens of Fusiusdistinctus Miller, 1957; B,mating specimens of Tydides imitator Lent, 1955; C. precopulatory behaviour of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873; D, mating position of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211799/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 57J–L</figureCitation>
), see further details under cases of leg teratology section below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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