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<document id="77BE797730151276B7E661B2CD1E3582" ID-CLB-Dataset="46343" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9689b9b2-07f0-490c-9ae3-3f7bc413557b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230299" ID-ZooBank="3C538DA9-82AE-4E92-AE7B-1826A6442842" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389725100" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Holsinger, John R. &amp; Ansell, Lynnette" docDate="2014" docId="03EBAF45FFC4F967FBA4FA3BFDB9F9E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p394.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stygobromus amicus Holsinger, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="FFD2D73DFFC5F961FB33FFA5FFC3FFC4" masterDocTitle="A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="386" pageNumber="387" updateTime="1698298070360" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="029E20598FC19D91ADA381CA26B56984">A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="99B3F79F5E408258D83E7F2BCBC653D9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4B9C260A48128F2B8ABAEFB7B027690B">Holsinger, John R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="134ABF2E50DD41AEBD46F8611DE14260" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C01EC86B279128298780142E83EB083">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="605D18519A02DBCB4742FE8E065029F6">Ansell, Lynnette</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A84932C7D8010F54A3171ABB91675FEE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="76846F8D33D2B234AFBEF316DE865C66">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C57985B0A530259404D39C00926A1D7A">
<mods:date id="67BAD230A758D671015A10884CB065B1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4401F4E8E62DC2F62039E772B5265D97">3768</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="47E2A8811611B9728F06B415239705C7" type="CLB-Dataset">46343</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="93D73E00981A3623CA6A293A1AE6A2D8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EBAF45FFC4F967FBA4FA3BFDB9F9E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6134162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6134162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EBAF45FFC4F967FBA4FA3BFDB9F9E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EBAF45FFC4F967FBA4FA3BFDB9F9E8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC4F960FBA4FA3BFE97FA1E" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC4F960FBA4FA3BFDA2FA7C" blockId="1.[151,609,1438,1498]" box="[151,609,1438,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<heading id="D0B5A93FFFC4F960FBA4FA3BFDA2FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,609,1438,1464]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960FBA4FA3BFDA2FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,609,1438,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC4F960FBA4FA3BFDD2FA7C" ID-CoL="538K8" authority="Holsinger" authorityName="Holsinger" box="[151,529,1438,1464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960FBA4FA3BFE52FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,401,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Stygobromus amicus</emphasis>
Holsinger
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2057F3AFFC4F960F92DFA3BFDA2FA7C" box="[542,609,1438,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC4F960FBA4FA64FE97FA1E" blockId="1.[151,609,1438,1498]" box="[151,340,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FBA4FA64FEC1FA1E" box="[151,258,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FA3DFA67FEDDFA1E" box="[270,286,1474,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,206,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1435,193,1953]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (palmar region enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230302/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FA19FA67FEF9FA1E" box="[298,314,1474,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[191,1415,209,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1423,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230303/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FA75FA64FE97FA1E" box="[326,340,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC4F960FBA4F9ACFB41F8DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC4F960FBA4F9ACFB41F8DA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960FBA4F9ACFE42F9E6" bold="true" box="[151,385,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960FABBF9ACFE33F9E6" box="[392,496,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female 3.0 mm and 3
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960F9DDF9AFFC9AF9E6" box="[750,857,1546,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(2.5 3.0 mm), John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland,
<quantity id="4CBAB3B6FFC4F960FA20F98BFEA2F982" box="[275,353,1581,1606]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
WNW of Sang Run, Maryland, collected by Daniel Feller
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960F8CCF98BFB54F982" box="[1023,1175,1581,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2009-02-28">28 Feb. 2009</date>
; additional 4
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960FE02F98BFA5FF982" box="[1329,1436,1582,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from same locality by Daniel Feller (
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960F908F9F7FD14F9AE" box="[571,727,1618,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="1992-08-29">29 Aug. 1992</date>
and
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960F83CF9F7FC6AF9AE" box="[783,937,1617,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2006-02-11">11 Feb. 2006</date>
); 3
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960F8E0F9F7FBFDF9AE" box="[979,1086,1618,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
collected by Ben Hutchins,
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960FEB3F9F7FE67F94A" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2007-07-12" valueMax="2007-08-09" valueMin="2007-07-12">12 July and 9 August 2007</date>
; and 6
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960FAC7F9D3FD9CF94A" box="[500,607,1654,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
collected by David C. Culver
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960F887F9D3FC2FF949" box="[948,1004,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">et al.</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960F8C9F9D3FB3EF94A" box="[1018,1277,1653,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="2008-01" valueMax="2008-05-31" valueMin="2008-01-00">January and May 2008</date>
. The
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960FE09F9D0FA5FF94A" box="[1338,1436,1653,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in the National Museum, Smithsonian Institution (
<collectionCode id="ED538696FFC4F960F840F93FFC05F976" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[883,966,1690,1714]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">USNM</collectionCode>
2060768);
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC4F960FF7DF93FFB7AF976" box="[1102,1209,1690,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are in the research collection of J.R. Holsinger at Old Dominion University. Additional material from Garrett County tentatively assigned to this species includes:
<specimenCount id="9D44D5DAFFC4F960F928F947FDBCF93E" box="[539,639,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
collected from Crabtree Cave by Richard Franz,
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960FF8FF947FA91F93E" box="[1212,1362,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="1966-10-22">22 Oct. 1966</date>
and
<specimenCount id="9D44D5DAFFC4F960FEBDF947FF32F8DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
collected from High Rock Wildland Spring by Daniel Feller,
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960F896F8A3FBBEF8DA" box="[933,1149,1797,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" value="1988-12-19">19 December 1988</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC4F960FBF4F88CFDAEF84E" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC4F960FBF4F88CFDAEF84E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960FBF4F88CFE82F886" bold="true" box="[199,321,1833,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Tiny, presumably rare species of troglomorphic facies distinguished by long, needle-like terminal spines on uropods 1 and 2; ramus of uropod 3 reduced in size and bearing single short spine; and convex apical margin of telson bearing few short spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC4F967FBF4F830FAE8FAF4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="387" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC4F967FBF4F830FC05FE14" blockId="1.[151,1436,1545,2038]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC4F960FBF4F830FE9AF86A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1941,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Description.</emphasis>
Antenna 1 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FAC1F830FDFFF86A" box="[498,572,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
a): 0.450.50% length of body, approximately
<date id="FFFC3893FFC4F960FF57F833FB44F86A" box="[1124,1159,1942,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">2X</date>
longer than antenna 2; primary flagellum with 9 or 10 articles, lacking aesthetacs, accessory flagellum approximately equal in length to first flagellar article. Antenna 2 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960F913F878FDA7F832" box="[544,612,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
b): flagellum with 2 articles. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC4F960FF01F878FBB6F832" box="[1074,1141,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="387">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
c, d) subequal, differing in few minor ways: spine row of right with 2 lightly plumose spines, that of left with 3 such spines; left and right lacinia mobili are forked spines of unequal lengths; incisors 45 dentate, more strongly developed on right mandible; articles 1 and 2 of palps naked; article 3 with 4 apical E setae, 4 much shorter D setae on inner margin and 1 B seta on outer margin. Lower lip (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967F96CFEA1FD60FED8" box="[607,675,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
e): inner lobes vestigial. Maxilla 1 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FF1EFEA1FBB3FED9" box="[1069,1136,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
f): inner plate with 2 apical plumose setae; outer plate with 5 apical spines (some notched); palp with 4 apical spines. Maxilla 2 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FFC8FE82FAFCFE84" box="[1275,1343,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CBAB3B6FFC3F967FE1CFE8DFAFCFE84" box="[1327,1343,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" unit="g" value="2.0">2</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g): inner plate with 6 naked spines apically; outer plate with 7 rather long spines apically. Maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FF8AFEE9FB3CFEA1" box="[1209,1279,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1400,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
h): inner plate with 4 short apical spines; outer plate with long row of inner marginal spines; palp article 2 broader and longer than article 1, inner margin with row of relatively long setae/spines; palp articles 3 and 4 much shorter, with spines/ setae; article 4 (dactyl) with prominent nail and 3 or 4 short spines/setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3D4EDBFFC7F963FBA4F82BFCF0F826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230301/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" targetBox="[202,1388,204,1899]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC7F963FBA4F82BFCF0F826" blockId="2.[151,1436,1934,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC7F963FBA4F82BFED1F860" bold="true" box="[151,274,1934,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC7F963FA2AF82BFE29F861" box="[281,490,1934,1957]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC7F963FA2AF82BFE29F861" box="[281,490,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">Stygobromus amicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC7F963FAC5F82AFDECF860" bold="true" box="[502,559,1935,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2057F3AFFC7F963FAC5F82AFDECF860" box="[502,559,1935,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.02.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1,antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D4EDBFFC6F962FBA4F812FADCF82F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230302/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" targetBox="[161,1433,206,1942]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC6F962FBA4F812FADCF82F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1975,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC6F962FBA4F812FED7F808" bold="true" box="[151,276,1975,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC6F962FA2FF812FE2DF809" box="[284,494,1975,1997]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC6F962FA2FF812FE2DF809" box="[284,494,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">Stygobromus amicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC6F962FACEF812FDFBF808" bold="true" box="[509,568,1975,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2057F3AFFC6F962FACEF812FDFBF808" box="[509,568,1975,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.02.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (palmar region enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D4EDBFFC1F965FBA4F809FB11F825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230303/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" targetBox="[191,1415,209,1930]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC1F965FBA4F809FB11F825" blockId="4.[151,1436,1964,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC1F965FBA4F809FED7F805" bold="true" box="[151,276,1964,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC1F965FA2FF809FE2DF806" box="[284,494,1964,1986]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC1F965FA2FF809FE2DF806" box="[284,494,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">Stygobromus amicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC1F965FACEF808FDFBF806" bold="true" box="[509,568,1965,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2057F3AFFC1F965FACEF808FDFBF806" box="[509,568,1965,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="390" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.02.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3D4EDBFFC0F964FBA4F822FD4DF81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" targetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC0F964FBA4F822FD4DF81E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1927,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC0F964FBA4F822FED7F858" bold="true" box="[151,276,1927,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC0F964FA2FF822FE37F859" box="[284,500,1927,1949]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus" status="sp. nov.">Stygobromus amicus</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC0F964F933F822FDF8F858" bold="true" box="[512,571,1927,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2057F3AFFC0F964F933F822FDF8F858" box="[512,571,1927,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="391" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.02.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FE79FB7DFD2B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
Gnathopod 1 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FA55FE79FE6AFE30" box="[358,425,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,206,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1435,193,1953]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (palmar region enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230302/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a): propodus approximately 30% larger than propodus of gnathopod 2, palm nearly straight and relatively smooth, approximately equal in length to posterior margin, bearing uneven row of 7 or 8 small spines; dactyl nail ca. 60% length of dactyl; posterior margin with 4 spines; carpus about 75% length of propodus, bearing 5 long setae on ventral margin; coxa oblong, longer than broad, with 2 long, marginal setae. Gnathopod 2 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FBACFDC9FF21FD41" box="[159,226,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,206,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1435,193,1953]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (palmar region enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230302/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
b): propodus smaller than that of gnathopod 1, palm slightly curved, smooth, approximately 50% length of posterior margin, bearing 6 small spines; nail of dactyl approximately 75% length of dactyl; posterior margin nearly
<date id="FFFC3893FFC3F967FBD6FD11FEC4FD08" box="[229,263,692,716]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">2X</date>
length of palm, bearing 5 sets of 2 long setae each. Posterior margin of carpus of gnathopod 2 slightly convex, with 7 setae of unequal length. Coxa of gnathopod 2 rounded, bearing 1 marginal seta.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FD59FEF9FC28" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
Pereopods 3 and 4 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FA9EFD59FE3EFCD0" box="[429,509,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[191,1415,209,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1423,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230303/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
a, b): subequal, approximately equal in length to pereopod 5; coxae subquadrate, approximately equal in size, anterior margins convex, posterior margins nearly straight or slightly concave and without marginal setae, ventral margins convex, with 4 or 5 setae of unequal length. Pereopods 5, 6 and 7 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FE0FFCE1FA48FC98" box="[1340,1419,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[191,1415,209,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1423,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230303/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
c, d, e): pereopod 5 slightly shorter, coxa 2-lobate; pereopods 6 and 7 subequal in length, coxae smaller and rounded ventrally); dactyls relatively long, approximately 50% length of corresponding propodi. Coxal gills present on pereopods 5 and 7 (and possibly 6) small and subovate. Paired median sternal gills or processes on pereonites 6 and 7 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FB87FC71FEC1FC29" box="[180,258,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[191,1415,209,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1423,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230303/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
d, e).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FC52FAE8FAF4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
Pleonal plates generally similar (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967F972FC52FD45FBD4" box="[577,646,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a): ventral margins weakly convex, lacking spines or setae; posterior margins slightly expanded, subrounded, each with single seta; ventral margins lacking setae or spines. Pleopods (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FBACFB9AFF20FB9C" box="[159,227,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
b) biramous, articles bearing long, plumose setae; tiny coupling spines on inner margin of peduncles not shown. Urosomites not fused. Uropod 1(
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967F953FBC1FD6BFBB9" box="[608,680,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
c): peduncle robust, longer than rami, with 3 short spines on upper margin; rami subequal in length, outer with 5 apical spines, one of which is much longer. Uropod 2 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FFC9FB22FAFEFB64" box="[1274,1341,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
d): inner ramus longer and more robust than outer, approximately 75% length of peduncle, bearing 9 marginal spines; outer ramus bearing 5 apical spines of unequal length; peduncle with 3 short spines. Uropod 3 (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FFB2FB6AFB07FB2C" box="[1153,1220,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
e): greatly reduced, only approximately 1/3 length of telson, outer ramus cap-like, bearing single short apical spine; telson (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FE77FB51FA4BFAC9" box="[1348,1416,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,208,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[161,1425,193,1906]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0 2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
f) relatively large, little longer than broad, apical margin convex and bearing 11 rather robust apical spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC3F967FBF4FA99FC72FABC" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FA99FC72FABC" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC3F967FBF4FA99FEABFA91" bold="true" box="[199,360,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<typeStatus id="54F9A0F1FFC3F967FBF4FA99FEC1FA91" box="[199,258,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
John Friend Cave,
<quantity id="4CBAB3B6FFC3F967F97CFA99FD63FA91" box="[591,672,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
WNW of Sang Run, Garrett County, Maryland (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967FFEFFA99FAE3FA90" box="[1244,1312,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,449,1245]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,447,1247]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Stygobromus amicus in western Maryland, USA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230300/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). See also
<bibRefCitation id="EFD363A2FFC3F967FBA4FAC4FE5FFABC" author="Franz" box="[151,412,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" refString="Franz, R. &amp; Slifer, D. (1971) Caves of Maryland. Maryland Geological Survey, Educational Series No. 3, 120 pp." type="book" year="1971">Franz and Slifer (1971)</bibRefCitation>
for a detailed description and map of this cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC3F967FBF4FA21FD94FA04" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FA21FD94FA04" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC3F967FBF4FA21FE8DFA59" bold="true" box="[199,334,1412,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Etymology.</emphasis>
The epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C4265D0FFC3F967FAEFFA20FDE8FA58" box="[476,555,1413,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amicus">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC3F967FAEFFA20FDE8FA58" box="[476,555,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">amicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the Latin meaning “friend” in recognition of “John Friend,” the longstanding name of the type-locality cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3584DD8FFC3F967FBF4FA69FDB9F9E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFD1E53FFC3F967FBF4FA69FDB9F9E8" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="B936C241FFC3F967FBF4FA69FE35FA21" bold="true" box="[199,502,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
This species is known to date primarily from drip pools in the type-locality John Friend Cave, and tentatively from a small stream in Crabtree Cave and High Rock Wildland Spring No 2, all three localities in Garrett Co., Maryland (
<figureCitation id="137902D6FFC3F967F91BF9B1FDAAF9E8" box="[552,617,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,449,1245]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,447,1247]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Stygobromus amicus in western Maryland, USA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230300/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="392">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>