152 lines
18 KiB
XML
152 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="7D7ED6C247B6F5BDF23D8C0E5F6E1D4E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1095032" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1095032" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,jeremy" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jeremy" approvalRequired="24" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1509025595032" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Paul, G. S." docDate="1988" docId="03EB9567FFF05F22FF197F61D6B9FABF" docLanguage="en" docName="Paul1988_Predatory Dinosaurs of the World_(almost done)pdf.imf" docOrigin="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World, New York: Touchstone Books" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Albertosaurus lancensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="32" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="FFD2ED1FFFFD5F2CFFB67B6FD320FFCB" masterDocTitle="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World" masterLastPageNumber="349" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1689342281392" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AAF203CA7F46E3A49295B667425AD050">
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<mods:title id="C498C71634736441A3C1E85BBEC06923">Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B2687A8299D9A7B3E9BD5D8B943542E3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AB364B8A9B7A3F705C6EBAEB71D4B2D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3AB11AC355F171F9A76C413A6B3ACAC8">Paul, G. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2D5842F9D4478500F195A7B40BB6C38E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B03F3EAE3F212DFC217BC0DF25C67D53">1988</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="56EDB78B81A743706B763310E4504E86" type="pubDate">1988-12-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="735AA292536A5B66E1E3ED87BFD39947">Touchstone Books</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="FB7E796ABC6CADF5E8D31C865344B5AE">
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<mods:placeTerm id="8D2714331EAB5FFEDE91553794461765">New York</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="494133837515E10684821A8BB487B5EB">
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<mods:title id="18904424A48EB55BD4356077734200EE">Predatory Dinosaurs of the World</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="483D8189D2B9F46681F257042AA0EE54">
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<mods:extent id="24C28F17C85D08816A92AE12DB0508D1" unit="page">
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<mods:classification id="09226517D5368C40C04CAD89FFA2CA51">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="48AFE4F4214DF74FBE95B92968FFDEBC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1095032</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="557EF1357E1DA82A1A12982F5094982A" type="GBIF-Dataset">b97fd151-e825-47df-8472-cf628646d260</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB9567FFF05F22FF197F61D6B9FABF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137294941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB9567FFF05F22FF197F61D6B9FABF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB9567FFF05F22FF197F61D6B9FABF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FF197F61D106FBAC" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FF197F61D106FBAC" blockId="13.[175,1249,1038,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF05F21FF197F61D106FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FF197F61D10EFBFE" box="[175,558,1038,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">ALBERTOSAURUS?</emphasis>
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(“NANOTYRANNUS”)
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FC687F61D7E2FBFE" box="[990,1218,1038,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">LANCENSIS</emphasis>
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(Gilmore, 1946)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FF057F17D009FB52" box="[179,809,1138,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FF057F17D009FB52" blockId="13.[175,1249,1038,1327]" box="[179,809,1138,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB52035FFFF05F21FF057F17D009FB52" box="[179,809,1138,1177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FF057F17D27AFB5C" box="[179,346,1144,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">synonym</emphasis>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE30260FFF05F21FE3E7F1DD009FB52" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" box="[392,809,1138,1177]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF8836-3631-FFF5-FEC4-9BCA5549F9F9" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF05F21FE3E7F1DD009FB52" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1946" box="[392,809,1138,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis" status="synonym">Gorgosaurus lancensis</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FF057FC5D136FB00" box="[179,534,1188,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FF057FC5D136FB00" blockId="13.[175,1249,1038,1327]" box="[179,534,1188,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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type—
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<materialsCitation id="3B2A2E2CFFF05F21FE817FCBD136FB00" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1699979734" box="[311,534,1188,1227]" collectionCode="CMNH" country="United States" formation="Lance Formation" geologicalContext="latest Maastrichtian of the latest Late Cretaceous" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" preperations="skull" specimenCode="CMNH 5741" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="Type">CMNH 5741</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FF057FB3D79AFB36" box="[179,1210,1238,1277]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FF057FB3D79AFB36" blockId="13.[175,1249,1038,1327]" box="[179,1210,1238,1277]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FF057FB3D229FB30" box="[179,265,1244,1275]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">time</emphasis>
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-—latest Maastrichtian of the latest Late Cretaceous
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FF027E61D7C1FAE4" box="[180,1249,1288,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FF027E61D7C1FAE4" blockId="13.[175,1249,1038,1327]" box="[180,1249,1288,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">horizon and distribution—Lance Formation of Montana</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FDFE7E53D1A9FA3C" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<table id="F942D6D1FFF0A0D3FF057E53D1FDFA33" box="[179,733,1340,1528]" gridcols="2" gridrows="4" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<tr id="35722633FFF0A0D3FF057E53D1FDFAA8" box="[179,733,1340,1379]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" rowspan-0="1">
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<th id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FD907E53D1FDFAA8" box="[550,733,1340,1379]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">Type</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35722633FFF0A0D3FF057E03D1FDFA58" box="[179,733,1388,1427]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FF057E03D2DBFA58" box="[179,507,1388,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">skull SKULL length LENGTH— —</td>
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FD907E03D1FDFA58" box="[550,733,1388,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">602 602 mm mm</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35722633FFF0A0D3FF057EF0D1FDFA0D" box="[179,733,1439,1478]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FF057EF0D2DBFA0D" box="[179,507,1439,1478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">TOTAL LENGTH— —</td>
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FD907EF0D1FDFA0D" box="[550,733,1439,1478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">~ ~5 5 IU</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35722633FFF0A0D3FF057EBFD1FDFA33" box="[179,733,1488,1528]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FF057EBFD2DBFA33" box="[179,507,1488,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">KILOGRAMMAGE— —</td>
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<td id="76A34F4FFFF0A0D3FD907EBFD1FDFA33" box="[550,733,1488,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">~ ~500 500</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3D74F9FFF05F21FACD7EC7D41AFA31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3756704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3756704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3756704/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" targetBox="[1419,1976,802,1388]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FACD7EC7D41AFA31" blockId="13.[1403,1945,1448,1530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF05F21FACD7EC7D535FA31" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">Albertosaurus (‘Nanotyrannus”) lancensis</taxonomicName>
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type CMNH 5741
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F21FEB17D4DD794F830" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F21FEB17D4DD794F830" blockId="13.[179,1379,1568,2425]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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The only good specimen we have got of this one is a skull. Although small, it is not a young juvenile because of its combination of extremely good ossification, with some sutures obliterated by the bones’ intergrowth, a large transverse braincase crest, and a big rugosity on the lower edge of the cheeks. Even big
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF05F21FF4D7C5ED17FF893" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[251,607,1841,1880]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Tyrannosaurus rex</taxonomicName>
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skulls are no better ossified, so this individual vidual was was at at least least fairly fairly close close to to being being fully fully grown grown..
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FBC97C08D781F844" box="[1151,1185,1895,1935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">A A</emphasis>
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.. lancensis lancensis was not necessarily faster than its giant relative, but this small animal could use its superior manueverablity to escape.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35877FAFFF05F22FEB17364D6B9FABF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="13" pageNumber="336" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF05F22FEB17364D0E9FC41" blockId="13.[179,1379,1568,2425]" lastBlockId="14.[781,1982,159,1396]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">
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Note the smaller teeth of this adult tyrannosaur compared to similar-sized but big-toothed juveniles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF05F21FC06732DD755F7A2" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[944,1141,2114,2153]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF05F21FC06732DD0F1F7A2" box="[944,977,2114,2153]" pageId="13" pageNumber="336">A</emphasis>
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. libratus
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</taxonomicName>
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. The skull is oddly crushed, with the snout pinched narrower than it should be, and the back crushed down and backward so it is even broader than it really was. However, the truly greater breadth of the back of the skull, the more forward-facing eyes, and an advanced braincase make this the most Tyrannosaurus-Eke of the albertosaurs, despite its small size. Indeed, the smallness, Tyrannosaurus-like features, and the late appearance of this animal imply that it underwent a separate evolution from the big-bodied
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF35F22FCBB7A2AD00FFEA7" box="[781,815,325,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF35F22FCF17A2AD728FEA7" box="[839,1032,325,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">libratus-A.</emphasis>
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arctunguis-A.
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF35F22FA947A2AD52BFEA7" box="[1314,1547,325,364]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">megagracilis</emphasis>
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lineage. It may also be more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FB567A13D6D8FE68" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1248,1528,380,419]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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than the other albertosaurs. Robert Bakker and associates intend to give this species the new generic title “
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FB167A87D687FDC4" box="[1184,1447,488,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nanotyrannus</taxonomicName>
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” (which replaces the aborted “Clevelanotyrannus”).17 Alternately, it could be a subgenus of either
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FC23793BD7BDFDB0" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[917,1181,596,635]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936F863FFF35F22FC23793BD7BDFDB0" box="[917,1181,596,635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FB4A793BD536FDB0" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1276,1558,596,635]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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. The very long, low snout, big preorbital opening, shallow mandible, small teeth, and skull roof sutures cause me to keep it in
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FA4A79AED422FD23" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1532,1794,705,744]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
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. An interesting and unanswered question is whether this species evolved from a big ancestor, or if they were always small like
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22F9547842D06AFC41" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
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olseni.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD2471FFF35F22FCD478F5D6B9FABF" blockId="14.[781,1982,159,1396]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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As with
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FBB478F5D609FC0A" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1026,1321,922,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">A. megagracilis</taxonomicName>
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, the rarity of this species suggests that it was in trouble.
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FB0578BFD601FC3C" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1203,1313,976,1015]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
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was a direct danger to
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22F96778BFD491FC3C" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1745,1969,976,1015]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
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, but was too big to be a direct rival. Its main competition came from the moderately larger
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FA927F52D568FBAF" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1316,1608,1085,1124]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis" status="sp. nov.">A. megagracilis</taxonomicName>
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, and possibly from some of the larger, also rare sickle-claws. Certainly, small-bodied and small-toothed
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<taxonomicName id="4C425FF2FFF35F22FBC77FC6D677FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1137,1367,1193,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">A. lancensis</taxonomicName>
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avoided the gigantic adult ceratopsids and duckbills in its habitat. It probably went after immature duckbills and other medium-sized herbivores such as dome-headed Pachycephalosaurus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |