296 lines
43 KiB
XML
296 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="64777D84EC8585D0295D08FB2694FB17" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207804" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8684b849-1584-4b07-b57e-deb02d601928" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207804" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460269171735" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bennett, Gordon M & O’Grady, Patrick M" docDate="2011" docId="03EB1E0BFC6F986707A1CC9D733B6851" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02805p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2805" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nesophrosyne Kirkaldy 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFD26673FC68986F0736CC4372636C09" masterDocTitle="Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698246339251" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5586040406437FF7DB293195C102A36D">
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<mods:title id="5F5810C134E804BE2FC92EF5214540FB">Review of the native Hawaiian leafhopper genus Nesophrosyne (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of eight new species associated with Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A80D4FAFF8014BA710B5144B258491D">Bennett, Gordon M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BED10ECA9DD03DFDB65B040B866F8D09">O’Grady, Patrick M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="92DE250A9983D209EFEEFE5805CDFFAE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="66A1A883637B61B5F9999C324644E4D8">
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<mods:date id="ACE55520E790712A471C6EFA392E2B21">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9EACFD548E0B29B69B7DB28473B5EB51">2805</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8101D1D36FFE1F2E48667E727E38D967" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.207804</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F068681E222E3F7B7E58FC5CE7E7C63" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5EF0CA1C75B911B2A2FE7315986081F8" type="Zenodo-Dep">207804</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB1E0BFC6F986707A1CC9D733B6851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394697" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB1E0BFC6F986707A1CC9D733B6851" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB1E0BFC6F986707A1CC9D733B6851" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" box="[151,570,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" blockId="7.[151,570,222,248]" box="[151,570,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0B51871FC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" bold="true" box="[151,570,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB528833FC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" box="[151,570,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" ID-CoL="8R5DM" authority="Kirkaldy 1907: 160" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,570,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807A1CC9D70596CF1" bold="true" box="[151,570,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807A1CC9D73216CF1" bold="true" box="[151,322,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE3890CFC6F9868067FCC9D70596CF1" author="Kirkaldy" box="[329,570,222,248]" page="160" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6F9868067FCC9D70626CF1" author="Kirkaldy" box="[329,513,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1907) Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Isles No. 1. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1, 135 - 161." type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkaldy 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 160
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807A1CD6570FA6D32" box="[151,665,293,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807A1CD6570FA6D32" blockId="7.[151,787,293,346]" box="[151,665,293,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus id="54F911BFFC6F986807A1CD6572AB6D32" box="[151,200,294,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F98680610CD6570FA6D32" authority="Kirkaldy 1907: 160" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1907" box="[294,665,293,315]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Euttetix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perkinsi">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F98680610CD6573AE6D32" box="[294,461,293,315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Euttetix perkinsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6F986806E5CD66700A6D33" author="Kirkaldy" box="[467,617,293,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1907) Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Isles No. 1. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1, 135 - 161." type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkaldy 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 160
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807A1CD0771706D50" box="[151,787,323,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807A1CD0771706D50" blockId="7.[151,787,293,346]" box="[151,787,323,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB528833FC6F986807A1CD0771706D50" box="[151,787,323,346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986807A1CD07700E6D50" ID-CoL="8RSNC" authority="Kirkaldy 1910: 573" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="573" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,621,323,346]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nesoreias">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807A1CD0773466D53" box="[151,293,324,346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F98680602CD0673FB6D53" box="[308,408,325,346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesoreias</emphasis>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE3890CFC6F98680691CD00700E6D50" author="Kirkaldy" box="[423,621,323,345]" page="573" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6F98680691CD00705E6D50" author="Kirkaldy" box="[423,573,323,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1910) Supplement to Hemiptera. In: Sharp, D. (Eds), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 531 - 599 pp." type="book chapter" year="1910">Kirkaldy 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 573
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205CE74FC6F98680542CD0771706D50" box="[628,787,324,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F98680542CD0771706D50" bold="true" box="[628,787,324,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">new synonymy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807A1CDC5733C6FD7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807A1CDC573E96E7F" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807A1CDC573726D96" bold="true" box="[151,273,390,415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F9868062CCDC573DB6D97" box="[282,440,390,414]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F9868062CCDC573DB6D97" box="[282,440,390,414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles other described genera in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986804FCCDC5767C6D97" box="[970,1055,390,414]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Opsiini">Opsiini</taxonomicName>
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, having a bifurcate aedeagus and two gonopores. The genus is most closely allied with
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986805C7CDE8712B6DCB" box="[753,840,427,450]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986805C7CDE8712B6DCB" box="[753,840,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orosius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, having two parallel aedeagal arms, curving posterodorsally; gonoducts arising independently from preatria at the base with gonopores usually subapical; styles with hooked posterior processes; the crown sometimes bluntly rounded, although often angularly produced and extended well beyond anterior edge of the eyes (
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F98680580CE5B71EA6E27" box="[694,905,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986805DACE5B71EA6E27" box="[748,905,534,559]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguilifera">N. anguilifera</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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); the outer anteapical cell in the forewing present and sometimes elongate relative to the central anteapical cell; and the forewing flecked in two species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F9868020FCE7F72D86E7F" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatula">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F9868020FCE7F72D86E7F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. notatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986807C7CE2373196E7F" box="[241,378,606,631]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatula">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807C7CE2373196E7F" box="[241,378,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. signatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807F3CEC0733C6FD7" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986807F3CEC073006E92" box="[197,355,643,667]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807F3CEC073006E92" box="[197,355,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F986806CACEC070376E93" box="[508,596,643,666]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986806CACEC070376E93" box="[508,596,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orosius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other opsiine genera in having the aedeagal arms with produced and hooked apical processes, varying from short-straight to long and recurving, but completely absent in some species; the body size larger (
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<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F986806B5CE8973816EEB" box="[387,482,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25mm</quantity>
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–
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<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F986806C9CE8970316EEB" box="[511,594,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5mm</quantity>
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), with the smallest species overlapping with
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F9868037ACE8876C06EEB" box="[1100,1187,715,738]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F9868037ACE8876C06EEB" box="[1100,1187,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orosius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F98680384CE8977726EEB" box="[1202,1297,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.63">2.63mm</quantity>
|
||
–
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||
<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F98680218CE8977F36EEB" box="[1326,1424,714,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.29">3.29mm</quantity>
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); the frontoclypeus wide, but variable across species; the forewing often with extensive and distinct pale color patterning sometimes forming a solid saddle-like mark (
|
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986805C8CF5771DF6F22" box="[766,956,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F98680401CF5771DF6F22" box="[823,956,787,811]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pluvialis">N. pluvialis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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); the pronotum and forewing without the brown stripes common in
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<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F9868068FCF7470726F47" box="[441,529,823,846]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F9868068FCF7470726F47" box="[441,529,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orosius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the forewing with the outer anteapical cell reduced and sometimes absent, forming a small triangular structure with single R1 vein extending to the outer edge (some species with two); the subgenital plates tapering more gradually and remaining wider at the distal end, without an abrupt medial narrowing ledge and tube-like distal processes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6F9868050BCFE070F66FB3" box="[573,661,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F9868050BCFE070F66FB3" box="[573,661,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Orosius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); and the anal tube dorsally sclerotized and with lateral and ventral edges sclerotized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807F1CFA9772F6AFF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807F1CFA9763868D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807F1CFA973DF680B" bold="true" box="[199,444,1002,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F98680669CFA873DF680B" bold="true" box="[351,444,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dorsum</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F986806CECFA97007680B" box="[504,612,1002,1026]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStart-5="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1880,1903]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1258,1281]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1010,1033]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1320,1343]" captionStartId-4="17.[151,250,1054,1077]" captionStartId-5="18.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,420,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,991]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,546,1298]" captionTargetBox-4="[157,1436,203,1028]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,866,1693]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1230]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,182,992]" captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[151,1436,546,1299]" captionTargetId-4="figure@17.[157,1442,196,1028]" captionTargetId-5="figure@18.[151,1436,863,1694]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="17" captionTargetPageId-5="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of the species comprising the kanawao species group: A. N. broussaisiai, B. N. ogradyi, C. N. kaupoi, D. N. kanawao, and E. N. aakokohaikea." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Nesophrosyne ogradyi endemȋc tο Μauȋ ̓ Ha 1 eaka 1 ā wȋndward face ∶ a · dοrsum ﹔ b · ma 1 e pygοfer ﹔ c · aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 9. Nesophrosyne aakokohaikea endemic to Hawai’i Island, Mauna Loa South Slope: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207809/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/207810/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/207811/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/207812/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/207813/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4–9</figureCitation>
|
||
): Small slight (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F98680438CFA97115680B" box="[782,886,1002,1026]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to large robust (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA02F8FC6F98680303CFA976ED680B" box="[1077,1166,1002,1026]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) leafhoppers. Color and coloration patterns varying widely. Crown ranging from bluntly rounded to elongate and extremely produced. Ocelli visible in dorsal view, situated on margin of crown and face. Pronotum as wide as, or in some cases slightly wider than, head; anterior margin rounded, convex; posterior margin straight. Forewing with large central anteapical cell and smaller outer anteapical cell; central anteapical cell narrowed medially; outer anteapical cell variable in size and shape from nearly the length of the central anteapical cell to completely absent (varies within and between species). Clavus of many species with well-formed, conspicuous saddle mark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F9868033FC881762E68D3" box="[1033,1101,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,546,1298]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,546,1299]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of the species comprising the kanawao species group: A. N. broussaisiai, B. N. ogradyi, C. N. kaupoi, D. N. kanawao, and E. N. aakokohaikea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207811/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807F3C8A473C8692B" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807F3C8A4736E68F7" bold="true" box="[197,269,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
: Frons and clypeus broad, width nearly 3/4 length; lateral margins not sinuate. Clypellus elongate, lateral margins subparallel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807F3C96D772F6AFF" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807F3C96D7353694E" bold="true" box="[197,304,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Pygofer with 16 or fewer macrosete on posterior half of apical lobe, extending beyond posterior edge; fine stout microsete covering posterior half of apical lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F986804A0C91176616963" box="[918,1026,1362,1386]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1880,1903]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1258,1281]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1010,1033]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,420,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,991]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1230]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,182,992]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207809/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/207810/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
b & 8–9b). Valve rounded, notched symmetrically on either side of posterior apex. Subgenital plate elongate, curved posterodorsad, tapering towards distal point; lateral edges hirsute from base to apex, with long filamentous and macrosete (usually 5) interspersed (not unique to this genus). Anal tube long, not fully membranous dorsally, with well sclerotized band; laterally and ventrally sclerotized. Aedeagus bifurcate with two aedeagal arms and gonopores; aedeagal arms curving posterodorsally, height of arms variable from sub-anal tube to terminating at the dorsal edge of pygofer; gonopore near apex, usually subapical, opening posteromesially; aedeagal arms with produced apical processes hooked anterolaterad, length from short-straight (~1/10 length of aedeagal arm) to long and recurving (~1/4–1/5 length of aedeagal arms), completely absent in some species; base of gonoducts not connected, forming two preatria; anterior base of aedeagus with apodeme pointed dorsad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F9868056DCAD570A56AA7" box="[603,710,1686,1710]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1880,1903]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1258,1281]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1010,1033]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,420,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,991]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1230]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,182,992]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207809/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/207810/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
c,f,g & 8–9c,f,g). Styles with well-developed posterior processes, curved posterolaterad; preapical lobe with fine microsete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F9868041FCAF971F76ADB" box="[809,916,1722,1746]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1880,1903]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1258,1281]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1010,1033]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,420,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,991]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1230]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,182,992]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207809/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/207810/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
e & 8–9e). Connective ‘Y’ shaped; body thinning medially, appearing hourglass shaped; anterior arms variably shaped and splayed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1379B398FC6F9868035FCA9D76B16AFF" box="[1129,1234,1758,1782]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1880,1903]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1258,1281]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1010,1033]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,420,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,991]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,1046,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,411,1230]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,182,992]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Nesophrosyne heopoko endemic to Kaua’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Nesophrosyne makaihe endemic to O’ahu, Wai’anae Range: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Nesophrosyne magnaccai endemic to Moloka’i: a. dorsum; b. male pygofer; c. aedeagus ventral view; d. connective; e. style; f. aedeagus posterior view; and, g. aedeagus lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/207808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/207809/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/207810/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
d & 8–9d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC6F986807F1CB4173606BA3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC6F986807F1CB4173606BA3" blockId="7.[151,1437,390,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6F986807F1CB4173D16B12" bold="true" box="[199,434,1794,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
A total of 1085 specimens from at least 101 distinct morphological species were examined. Sampling from individual islands is as follows: Hawai’i
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355EF8DFC6F98680456CB6571C46B37" box="[864,935,1830,1854]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, males = 232, females = 301, species = 32; Maui, males = 118, females = 93, species = 32; Lana’i, males = 1, females = 3, species = 3; Moloka’i, males = 18, females = 12, species = 4; O’ahu, males = 59, females = 37, species = 15; Kaua’i, males = 105, females = 106, species = 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C358FC96FC60986707F1CCD4733B6851" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC60986707F1CCD470586DA4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986707F1CCD4732F6CB9" bold="true" box="[199,332,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Despite intraspecifc variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986705FFCCDB71056CB9" box="[713,870,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986705FFCCDB71056CB9" box="[713,870,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, color patterning offers useful characters for species identification (we refer readers to Zimmerman’s (1948) well-illustrated review of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6098670359CCFF776E6CDD" box="[1135,1293,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6098670359CCFF776E6CDD" box="[1135,1293,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a photographic menagerie of the genus’ external morphological diversity). However, external and internal genitalia provide a more reliable suite of morphological characters for species determination. These characters, combined with molecular data and species’ geographic ranges, provide congruent lines of evidence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6098670390CD6B77276D49" box="[1190,1348,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6098670390CD6B77276D49" box="[1190,1348,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and cryptic species groups. Results presented here provide evidence of cryptic sibling species, which may be common in other lineages associated with widespread host plants. Molecular characters may be necessary for identification of species within these groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC60986707F3CDFB71436E35" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986707F3CDFB73106DD9" box="[197,371,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne’s</emphasis>
|
||
biogeographic origin and relationships to other Pacific cicadellid genera are currently unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6098670639CD9F73A36DFD" author="Kirkaldy" box="[271,448,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1907) Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Isles No. 1. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1, 135 - 161." type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkaldy (1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC60986706FBCD9F70656DFD" author="Kirkaldy" box="[461,518,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1910) Supplement to Hemiptera. In: Sharp, D. (Eds), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 531 - 599 pp." type="book chapter" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) proposed a relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC609867047ECD9F71AA6DFD" box="[840,969,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nephotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC609867047ECD9F71AA6DFD" box="[840,969,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nephotettix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but he did not explain the basis for this hypothesis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6098670628CDBC73A76E1E" author="Osborn" box="[286,452,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Osborn, H. (1935) Cicadellidae of Hawai'i. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 134, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1935">Osborn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
strongly argued for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986705F2CE4371316E11" box="[708,850,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Scaphoideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986705F2CE4371316E11" box="[708,850,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scaphoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like ancestor derived from either
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355EF8DFC60986703EECDBC775B6E1E" box="[1240,1336,511,535]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
or Asia, [colonizing] during the early history of life on the islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFDAF1DFC60986707F3CE0B733B6851" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
A plausible origin for the Hawaiian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6098670561CE0B70966E69" box="[599,757,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6098670561CE0B70966E69" box="[599,757,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage is the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986704EACE0B76576E56" box="[988,1076,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986704EACE0B76576E56" box="[988,1076,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orosius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found along the western Pacific Rim including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F355EF8DFC6098670608CE2E73E26E8D" box="[318,385,621,644]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Southeast Asia, and the Oceania region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6098670467CE2F76466E8D" author="Linnavuori" box="[849,1061,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1960 a) Cicadellidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) of Fiji. Suomen Hyonteistieteellinen Seura, 15, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="a">Linnavuori (1960a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC6098670306CE2F761B6E8D" author="Linnavuori" box="[1072,1144,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1960 b) Homoptera: Cicadellidae. Insects of Micronesia, 6, 231 - 344." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="b">1960b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC60986703B2CE2F76DE6E8D" author="Linnavuori" box="[1156,1213,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1975) Homopters: Cicadellidae, Supplement, Insects of Micronesia, 6, 611 - 632." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) first examined this relationship, and based on similarities in the bifurcate aedeagus, blunt crown and flecked forewing of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986707A1CEF773566EC5" box="[151,309,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986707A1CEF773566EC5" box="[151,309,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, presence of an elongate outer anteapical cell, hollowing near the base of the antennae, and overlapping shape and size of the frontoclypeus of some species, he combined the genera with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986703F6CE9B777B6EE6" box="[1216,1304,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986703F6CE9B777B6EE6" box="[1216,1304,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orosius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986707DECEBF73E66F1D" box="[232,389,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986707DECEBF73E66F1D" box="[232,389,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC60986706A0CEBF70546F1D" author="Ghauri" box="[406,567,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Ghauri, M. S. K. (1966) Revision of the genus Orosius Distant (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea). Bulleting of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 18, 231 - 252." type="journal article" year="1966">Ghauri (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later reexamined Linnavuori’s conclusions, determining that morphological differences, including the anal tube structure, subgenital plate shape, divergence of frontoclypeus shape in some species, and hooking distal process found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986705F7CF07713C6F55" box="[705,863,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986705F7CF07713C6F55" box="[705,863,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sufficient to preserve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986703A5CF0777536F55" box="[1171,1328,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986703A5CF0777536F55" box="[1171,1328,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6098670250CF0672A06F89" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6098670250CF0672A06F89" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orosius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate genera.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC609867069CCF2470196F76" author="Linnavuori" box="[426,634,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1975) Homopters: Cicadellidae, Supplement, Insects of Micronesia, 6, 611 - 632." type="journal article" year="1975">Linnavuori (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
conceded, commenting that a thorough investigation of the biotic and morphological diversity of both genera is necessary to resolve the question. He further reiterated the opinion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986707A1CFF373566FC1" box="[151,309,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986707A1CFF373566FC1" box="[151,309,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated from eastern Oceania. Both Ghauri (1965) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3D2ECFC60986704E7CFEC76C26FCE" author="Linnavuori" box="[977,1185,943,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnavuori, R. (1975) Homopters: Cicadellidae, Supplement, Insects of Micronesia, 6, 611 - 632." type="journal article" year="1975">Linnavuori (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the presence of hooking apical processes on the aedeagal arms in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC60986705E1CF9771166FE5" box="[727,885,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC60986705E1CF9771166FE5" box="[727,885,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC6098670358CF9676A56FE5" box="[1134,1222,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Orosius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC6098670358CF9676A56FE5" box="[1134,1222,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orosius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A more thorough investigation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C42D49EFC609867067BCFBB73896819" box="[333,490,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Nesophrosyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936730FFC609867067BCFBB73896819" box="[333,490,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesophrosyne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genitalia reveals that the apical processes are absent in some species and the genitalic affinities between the two genera are stronger than previously thought. The relationship needs to be examined phylogenetically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |