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<document id="A5191D32AD64090042B77B32ED4458D5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282032" ID-ZooBank="2AEA08EA-FF8C-4891-AA1E-95806398122D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1692952016057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwendinger, Peter J. &amp; Hongpadharakiree, Komsan" docDate="2023" docId="03EB12365B6BFFF2F6C2FB92FBBA730D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5336.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5336 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Damarchus pylorus Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="489" masterDocId="FFD26A4E5B6AFFFAF655FFACFFBA7114" masterDocTitle="Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="508" masterPageNumber="481" pageNumber="482" updateTime="1692952529561" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="9347DBE88693225186CDA5C9625D1283" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="15FD5FEE5E6A1433DBBB8E8431CB6E4B">
<mods:title id="52EA54353731A4BDA592EB0811497686">Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="223A7C939B21A1EF8E442DFBE5F4DC6A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DD355D3652406EF1303FD153DE673802">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AC597DB03EBB891B5611BF39B43A3CA8">Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C82AD9F300A35E1291F46223B0C29166">Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, C. P. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="36AC9022E02D4375DFCC3298142D16B6">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C661112C62396BE7632B5514E540BEF">Hongpadharakiree, Komsan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEF0CC2A58EC613B01274706489A6C8F" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6432-1039</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2EBC5C793120A6C8D3335E4620548DC9">Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Pranburi, Prachuab Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. h _ komson @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6432 - 1039</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5FA2698C5E448D4E47B39EDFA107249B" type="email">h_komson@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="2153EEF28035D3A485C1717EF13D96F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74852FD3263D888965AF22156AC3F0F9">
<mods:date id="A76D2FB0423F7115EEA9DD9FA9051E4B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DF5834A79B2C5AE3CCAB0F776AC7568">2023-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C4987F8785597ED89D75D5FF4E1CDBE2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1BF71374CF1BF45EC565BEC51C9F7753">5336</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="92A06421E50517BA0CC302239BC15AC8">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8D5E23633761E70265C47340D089F39A">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FFF9C6E541EEA7983569A6B5E0023C29">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A7E3AA85114BC10174510C6FBC51BA1F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E60586EEA30A6D27FA55F90F27AA3B4E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A1510E14C35F9341A8FAA0C415892494" type="Zenodo-Dep">8282032</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB12365B6BFFF2F6C2FB92FBBA730D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB12365B6BFFF2F6C2FB92FBBA730D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB12365B6BFFF2F6C2FB92FBBA730D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE51754D" box="[151,491,1086,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE51754D" blockId="1.[151,491,1086,1149]" box="[151,491,1086,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<heading id="D0B5144C5B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE51754D" bold="true" box="[151,491,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE51754D" bold="true" box="[151,491,1086,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE3C754D" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,390,1086,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF6C2FB92FE3C754D" bold="true" box="[151,390,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF7D8FB93FE51754D" box="[397,491,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFBF6C2FBCFFE337569" box="[151,393,1122,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF6C2FBCFFE337569" blockId="1.[151,491,1086,1149]" box="[151,393,1122,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF6C2FBCFFEA47569" box="[151,286,1123,1149]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetBox-3="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId-0="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetId-1="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetId-2="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId-3="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF77FFBCEFED57569" box="[298,367,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[151,1435,237,1248]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Burrow structure of Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. (A–B), of D. lanna sp. nov. (C) and of D. dao sp. nov. (D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">5A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF72EFBCFFE337569" box="[379,393,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,569,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-222@8.[151,1435,561,1546]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., photos of two soil pellets; of female paratype 1 (A–C) and of female paratype 2 (D–F). (A, D) Lateral view. (B) Contralateral (with regard to A) view. (C, F) Posterior and slightly dorsal (as seen from inside side shaft) view. (E) Ventral view. Scale bars 5 mm (A–C; D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282050/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFBF6C2FB07FE077489" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF6C2FB07FAC075FD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1195,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<materialsCitation id="3B2AA97D5B6BFFFBF6C2FB07FAC075FD" collectingDate="2013-12-18" collectingDateMax="2016-03-09" collectingDateMin="2013-12-18" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="110" latitude="15.379444" location="Hub Pa Tad" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.62889" municipality="Lan Sak District" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF6C2FB07FEBE75D1" bold="true" box="[151,260,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6BFFFBF6C2FB07FEBE75D1" box="[151,260,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. MHNG-ARTO-0034004; male (matured
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF4B4FB07FCEC75D1" box="[737,854,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-03-09">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF4B4FB07FCEC75D1" box="[737,854,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-03-09">9.III.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<collectingCountry id="F355E3B05B6BFFFBF53FFB07FC6A75D1" box="[874,976,1195,1221]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49866DC25B6BFFFBF589FB07FB6A75D1" box="[988,1232,1195,1221]" country="Thailand" name="Uthai Thani" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Uthai Thani Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B99395A5B6BFFFBF289FB07FA2275D1" box="[1244,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Lan Sak District</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="8E9DF5FB5B6BFFFBF69BFB63FEEE75FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB12365B6BFFF2F6C2FB92FBBA730D:8E9DF5FB5B6BFFFBF69BFB63FEEE75FD" box="[206,340,1231,1257]" country="Thailand" latitude="15.379444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.62889" municipality="Lan Sak District" name="Hub Pa Tad" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" stateProvince="Uthai Thani">Hub Pa Tad</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE76C5E75B6BFFFBF735FB62FE5175FD" box="[352,491,1230,1257]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" precision="15" seconds="46" value="15.379444">15°22’46”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE76C5E75B6BFFFBF7A2FB63FDC575FD" box="[503,639,1231,1257]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" precision="15" seconds="44" value="99.62889">99°37’44”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B6BFFFBF4DEFB63FD6B75FD" box="[651,721,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" unit="m" value="110.0">
<elevation id="006F44135B6BFFFBF4DEFB63FD6B75FD" box="[651,721,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(sample CT-13-14/03);
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF58AFB63FBD175FD" box="[991,1131,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2013-12-18">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF58AFB63FBD175FD" box="[991,1131,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2013-12-18">18.XII.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
; leg.
<collectorName id="26B7C6F65B6BFFFBF2F2FB63FAC075FD" box="[1191,1402,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">P.J. Schwendinger.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF692FB5FFE077489" blockId="1.[151,1437,1195,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<materialsCitation id="3B2AA97D5B6BFFFBF692FB5FFE947441" collectingDate="2016-02-18" collectingDateMax="2021-04-24" collectingDateMin="2016-02-18" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="110" latitude="15.379444" location="Hub Pa Tad" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.62889" municipality="Lan Sak District" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF692FB5FFEFC7419" bold="true" box="[199,326,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6BFFFBF692FB5FFEFB7419" box="[199,321,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
MHNG-ARTO-0034005-0034010;
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6BFFFBF4BCFB5FFCFF7419" box="[745,837,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
(matured
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF593FB5FFB877419" box="[966,1085,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-02-18">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF593FB5FFB877419" box="[966,1085,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-02-18">18.II.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF205FB5FFB6B7419" box="[1104,1233,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-03-27">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF205FB5FFB6B7419" box="[1104,1233,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-03-27">27.III.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF2B6FB5EFAE37419" box="[1251,1369,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF2B6FB5EFAE37419" box="[1251,1369,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2016-05-25">25.V.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF33EFB5FFF4E7425" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-03" valueMax="2017-04-31" valueMin="2017-03-00">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF33EFB5FFF4E7425" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-03" valueMax="2017-04-31" valueMin="2017-03-00">III.– IV.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; hatched
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF73CFABBFE4E7425" box="[361,500,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF73CFABBFE4E7425" box="[361,500,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">19.VII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, matured
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF43BFABBFD547425" box="[622,750,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2021-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF43BFABBFD547425" box="[622,750,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2021-04-12">12.IV.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
; hatched
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF536FABBFC557425" box="[867,1007,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF536FABBFC557425" box="[867,1007,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">19.VII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, matured
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF23CFABBFB537425" box="[1129,1257,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2021-04-24">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF23CFABBFB537425" box="[1129,1257,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2021-04-24">24.IV.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
); same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2AA97D5B6BFFFBF714FA97FDE1746D" collectingDate="2017-07-19" collectingDateMax="2016-03-09" collectingDateMin="2013-12-18" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="110" latitude="15.379444" location="Hub Pa Tad" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.62889" municipality="Lan Sak District" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
MHNG-ARTO-0034012-0034013;
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6BFFFBF48DFA97FCF77441" box="[728,845,1339,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6BFFFBF531FA97FC7A7441" box="[868,960,1339,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">allotype</typeStatus>
MHNG-ARTO-0034012; other hatched
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF6C2FAF3FE9F746D" box="[151,293,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF6C2FAF3FE9F746D" box="[151,293,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">19.VII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
); same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2AA97D5B6BFFFBF430FAF3FE037489" collectingDate="2017-07-19" collectingDateMax="2020-05-01" collectingDateMin="2017-07-19" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." country="Thailand" elevation="110" latitude="15.379444" location="Hub Pa Tad" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.62889" municipality="Lan Sak District" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Uthai Thani" typeStatus="paratype">
THNHM;
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6BFFFBF48FFAF3FC9F746D" box="[730,805,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(hatched
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF5C0FAF3FB9A746D" box="[917,1056,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF5C0FAF3FB9A746D" box="[917,1056,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2017-07-19">19.VII.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, matured
<date id="FFFC85E05B6BFFFBF2DBFAF3FB4E746D" box="[1166,1268,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2020-05-01">
<collectingDate id="EFB87C085B6BFFFBF2DBFAF3FB4E746D" box="[1166,1268,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" value="2020-05-01">1.V.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
) and
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6BFFFBF366FAF3FA22746D" box="[1331,1432,1375,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFBF692FA0BFE73771D" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF692FA0BFE73771D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1195,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF692FA0BFEF474D5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1447,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Etymology.</emphasis>
The Latinized form of the ancient Greek noun “pyloros” (= gate keeper) refers to the idiopid trapdoor spider
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF71DFA67FD6E74F1" authority="Schwendinger, 1991" authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1991" box="[328,724,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF71DFA67FE5374F1" box="[328,489,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Idiops pylorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DED15B6BFFFBF7BAFA67FD6E74F1" author="Schwendinger, P. J." box="[495,724,1483,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref23691" refString="Schwendinger, P. J. (1991) Two new trap-door spiders from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (8), 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1991">Schwendinger, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which employs a very similar burrow plugging mechanism and occurs in the same country.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFBF692F9BEFC087665" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFFBF692F9BEFC087665" blockId="1.[151,1437,1195,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF692F9BEFEF87738" bold="true" box="[199,322,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Different from all other known
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF4CBF9BFFCC27739" box="[670,888,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF4CBF9BFFC9A7739" box="[670,800,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Damarchus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, expect for
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF5A0F9BFFBEF7739" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1013,1109,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF5A0F9BFFBEF7739" box="[1013,1109,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF20FF9BFFB0B7739" bold="true" box="[1114,1201,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF20FF9BFFB0B7739" box="[1114,1201,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, by males possessing a para-embolic apophysis (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF79CF99BFD857745" box="[457,575,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Figs 1G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF418F99BFD357745" box="[589,655,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">2C–F</figureCitation>
), and females having receptacles composed of a strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head situated on the ventral surface of a large genital atrium (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF22EF9F7FB7B7761" box="[1147,1217,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); both sexes with a more or less strongly reduced unpaired claw on tarsi I–III (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF56FF9D3FC2F778D" box="[826,917,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). Distinguished from the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF35AF9D3FAC8778D" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1295,1394,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF35AF9D3FAC8778D" box="[1295,1394,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF32EF9D3FF7277A9" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF32EF9D3FF7277A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by males having a long, claw-like para-embolic apophysis on the lower (posterior) side of the palpal organ (developed as a small triangular lamina on the prolateral side of the palpal organ in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF21BF96BFB0B77F5" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1102,1201,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF21BF96BFB0B77F5" box="[1102,1201,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF2ECF96BFAAE77F5" bold="true" box="[1209,1300,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF2ECF96BFAAE77F5" box="[1209,1300,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF376F96BFA2D77F5" box="[1315,1431,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Figs 1G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF6C2F947FF6C7611" box="[151,214,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">2C–F</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF754F947FE3A7611" box="[257,384,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,181,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-16@11.[228,1360,181,1735]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Damarchus lanna sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Prosoma, dorsal view. (B) Carapace, lateral view. (C) Prosoma, ventral view. (D) Labium and nearby parts of palpal coxae and sternum showing pointed cuspules, ventral view.(E) Opisthosoma dorsal view. (F) Spinnerets, lateral view. (G) Left tarsus I, retrodorsal-distal view. (H) Left tibia and metatarsus I, proventral view. (I) Same, prolateral view. (J) Distal part of left tibia I showing coupling spur with megaspine, proventral view. (K) Left metatarsus I showing process with cuspules, proventral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (N) Same, ventral view. (O) Same, retrolateral view. (P) Left palpal organ, prolateral-proximal view. (Q) Same, distal view. (R) Same, retrolateral-proximal view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 5 mm (A–C, E), 1 mm (D, F, H–R), 0.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282054/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 7M–R</figureCitation>
), and by females having patellae I–III mostly longer than metatarsi I–III (patellae I–II mostly longer than metatarsi I–II in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF78FF8A3FD86763D" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[474,572,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF78FF8A3FD86763D" box="[474,572,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF416F8A3FD27763D" bold="true" box="[579,669,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF416F8A3FD27763D" box="[579,669,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) and possessing a short wreath-shaped sclerotized receptacular base and a very short, bubble-shaped unsclerotized receptacular head (receptacles much longer, with conical base and digitiform or club-shaped head in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6BFFFBF440F8FBFDCD7665" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[533,631,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF440F8FBFDCD7665" box="[533,631,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF42BF8FBFD627665" bold="true" box="[638,728,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6BFFFBF42BF8FBFD627665" box="[638,728,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF4B3F8FBFC927665" box="[742,808,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF507F8FBFC1F7665" box="[850,933,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,278,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-73@14.[151,1435,273,1670]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Damarchus lanna sp. nov., vulvae of eight females, ventral view. (A) Allotype from Doi Kunthan. (B) Paratype from Mae Hia Nai. (C) Paratype from Doi Suthep. (D) Paratype from Ban Pong Kum. (E) Paratype from near Mueang On Cave. (F) Paratype from Doi Inthanon. (G) Paratype from Phayao. (H) Paratype from Doi Musoe. Abbreviations: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle; ue—uterus externus. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282062/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6BFFFCF692F8D6FEA07687" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="1" pageNumber="482" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6BFFF8F692F8D6FB717055" blockId="1.[151,1437,1195,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF692F8D6FD9F7681" bold="true" box="[199,549,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">
Description of male
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6BFFFBF7E0F8D7FD9A7681" box="[437,544,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6BFFFBF479F8D7FD4B7681" box="[556,753,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
(much darker in living males, see
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6BFFFBF23AF8D7FB537681" box="[1135,1257,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="482">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
): Carapace with dark brown pattern (including a median stripe running from eye mound to fovea) on pars cephalica; pars thoracica mostly brown, with irregular dark radiating bands on coxal elevations (anterior ones longer than posterior ones); eye mound black, except for dark brown posterior area between and around PME (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F27AFF3BFB3271A5" box="[1071,1160,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae light brown proximally, increasingly darker towards apex; claws very dark brown. Palps with trochanter and femur dorsally slightly darker than other articles. Legs mostly brown, dorsal side of metatarsi and tarsi I–II dark brown. Ventral side of prosoma and legs light brown. Opisthosoma dorsally grey, laterally and ventrally (including all spinnerets and anal tubercle) cream-coloured (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F473FE8BFDC07055" box="[550,634,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
); genital area and booklung covers very light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3DF3A85B68FFF8F6C2FA03FC797768" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483" startId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" targetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B68FFF8F6C2FA03FC797768" blockId="2.[151,1437,1455,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B68FFF8F6C2FA03FEA874D3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1455,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B68FFF8F742FA03FE6474D3" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[279,478,1455,1479]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B68FFF8F742FA03FE6474D3" box="[279,478,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B68FFF8F7B6FA1CFD8974DC" bold="true" box="[483,563,1456,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B68FFF8F7B6FA1CFD8974DC" box="[483,563,1456,1480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="483" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B68FFF9F692F906FAAF709D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1705,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B68FFF8F692F906FD8E77D7" box="[199,564,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Morphology and measurements:</emphasis>
Body 13.87 long. Carapace 5.10 long, 3.64 wide, its anterior margin slightly recurved, its posterior margin invaginated (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F4D6F962FD6777FC" box="[643,733,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
); pars cephalica indistinctly arched, its slope continuous with that of pars thoracica (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F7CAF95EFE437618" box="[415,505,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
); few short hairs on pars cephalica, longer and stronger ones on lateral margins and in posterior part of pars thoracica, some of the latter slightly wavy; no hairs close to fovea. Fovea widely U-shaped, 0.65 wide, occupying 18% of carapace width at that point (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F59FF896FB9C7640" box="[970,1062,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Eight eyes on low but distinct mound; eye group 0.50 long, anterior eye row straight, 1.02 wide, posterior eye row slightly recurved, 0.99 wide. MOQ 0.46 long, 0.58 wide anteriorly, 0.69 posteriorly. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.27, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20. Proximal article of chelicera 2.05 long, fairly strong, without intercheliceral tumescence; ventral groove with 7/8 teeth arranged in a medially transposed row (see
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B68FFF8F4E2F866FCBA76F0" box="[695,768,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="483">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
for female) on promargin and a short row of 9/10 tiny light-coloured medioproximal denticles; rastellum sessile (not raised on process), composed of 3–4 strong short spines and several weaker and more pointed spines above fang articulation. Palpal coxa 1.75 long, 0.97 wide; anterior lobe short, without serrula; with over 30 cuspules in prolateral-proximal corner. Labium 0.55 long, 0.91 wide, with three cuspules. Sternum 2.86 long, 1.49 wide; labiosternal suture quite long and deep at posterior margin, fused with anterior pair of sigilla; three pairs of free sigilla, anterior pair smallest and closest to sternal margin, median pair equally small but further away from margin, posterior sigilla ellipsoid, about two times longer than wide, even more remote from margin, medially separated from each other by distinctly more than their length (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F2E7FEC3FABD709D" box="[1202,1287,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B69FFF9F692FE3FFB9973D9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">
Palp (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F75FFE3FFE3B70B9" box="[266,385,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Figs 1G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F7DAFE3FFE7570B9" box="[399,463,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">2C–F</figureCitation>
) 5.39 long (1.95 + 1.07 + 1.56 + 0.81). No spines. Tibia ventrally with several long strong bristles; retrolaterally with a distinct distal field of spinules continuing into a median field of increasingly longer pine-needle-shaped bristles (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F470FE77FD2C70E1" box="[549,662,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Fig. 1H–I</figureCitation>
). Tarsus short, without spines, strong bristles or scopula, distally with three lobes, a very short median one and two longer lateral ones (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F5D7FE53FBBA730D" box="[898,1024,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Fig. 1G–H</figureCitation>
). Trichobothria: 6+
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B69FFF9F28EFE53FABD730D" box="[1243,1287,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="3" pageNumber="484" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
two rows on tibia, six in an irregular row on tarsus. Palpal organ quite short and robust, with wide transition between bulbous proximal part and embolus; apex of embolus abruptly tapering to a spiniform, slightly curved tip; lower (proximal) surface of palpal organ with a distinct keel formed of several laminae in the shape of shark teeth or fish scales, the distalmost of them elongated to a strong, distad-directed, claw-like para-embolic apophysis; apex of embolus and para-embolic apophysis together forming a two-pronged fork (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F501FD1FFC7273D9" box="[852,968,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Figs 1G, I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F581FD1FFBAD73D9" box="[980,1047,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">2C–F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B69FFF9F6C2FA0AFB057712" blockId="3.[151,1436,1446,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B69FFF9F6C2FA0AFEAE74AA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1446,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B69FFF9F749FA0AFE5E74AA" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,484,1446,1470]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B69FFF9F749FA0AFE5E74AA" box="[284,484,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B69FFF9F7B9FA0AFD8774AA" bold="true" box="[492,573,1446,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B69FFF9F7B9FA0AFD8774AA" box="[492,573,1446,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B69FFF9F692F999FC087687" blockId="3.[151,1437,1588,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">
Legs 3214; femora I–II slightly more compressed than femora III–IV. Leg I 15.63 long (4.16 + 2.47 + 3.90 + 2.92 + 2.18); leg II 13.15 long (3.57 + 2.11 + 3.05 + 2.60 + 1.82); leg III 10.65 long (2.79 + 1.69 + 1.75 + 2.73 + 1.69); leg IV 15.95 long (4.19 + 2.21 + 4.03 + 3.77 + 1.75). All patellae shorter than corresponding metatarsi. Leg tarsi not pseudosegmented and without spines, with a light ventral scopula; tarsi I–II slightly spindle-shaped, tarsi III–IV cylindrical. Scopulae covering entire ventral side of all tarsi, plus distal two-fifths of metatarsus I and distal third of metatarsus II. Metatarsal preening combs absent on legs I–II, indistinctly expressed as a single small group of long thin bristles on legs III–IV. Leg I: metatarsus slightly bent at its base, proximal to midpoint with a knob-shaped proventral process densely covered with numerous cuspules (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F5CDF89CFBBD765F" box="[920,1031,1840,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Fig. 1J–L</figureCitation>
); tibia cylindrical, not incrassate but thicker than metatarsus I, with a fairly long digitiform proventral coupling spur tipped by a relatively short (clearly shorter than spur) arrowhead-shaped megaspine (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F4EAF8D4FCE97687" box="[703,851,1912,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">Figs 1B, J–L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B69FFF9F50BF8D5FC1C7687" box="[862,934,1913,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,746,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-292@3.[151,1435,741,1423]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male holotype. (A) Distal part of left tibia I, proventral view. (B) Coupling spur of right tibia I, same view. (C) Left palpal organ, retrolateral view. (D) Same, distal view. (E) Same, prolateral view. (F) Same, proximal view. Abbreviations: e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars 1.0 mm (A–B; C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">2A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B69FFFEF692F830FA2A7009" blockId="3.[151,1437,1588,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="3" pageNumber="484">
Spines: Leg I: patella, 0; tibia p2/3, v4 (including megaspine on coupling spur); metatarsus p2, r1, v4. Leg II: patella, 0; tibia v4 (proventral-distal one weakest); metatarsus p2, r1, v4 (proximal pair weakest). Leg III: patella p3; tibia d3, r1/2, v6 (two proventral weakest); metatarsus d8, p2, r1, v3/4. Leg IV: patella, 0; tibia d1, v6/7 (posterior pair weakest); metatarsus d3, r1, v4. Trichobothria: 7–8 each in two rows on tibiae,
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B6EFFFEF219FF17FB1871C1" box="[1100,1186,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 in</quantity>
a single irregular row on metatarsi,
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B6EFFFEF778FF73FE3B71ED" box="[301,385,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
a single zig-zag row on tarsi. Paired tarsal claws with 9–11 teeth in a S-shaped row on anterior legs, 6–7 on posterior legs; unpaired claw indiscernible on legs I–III, a tiny bare claw visible on leg IV (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6EFFFEF370FEAFFA397009" box="[1317,1411,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6EFFFEF692FE8BFD0270C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">
<materialsCitation id="3B2AA97D5B6EFFFEF692FE8BFD0E70C5" collectionCode="PMS" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" specimenCode="PLS 3.04" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
Opisthosoma somewhat cylindrical in shape, relatively long and with lateral margins almost parallel to each other (see
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6EFFFEF75EFEE7FEE47071" box="[267,350,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
for male
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6EFFFEF79DFEE7FD977071" box="[456,557,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">paratype</typeStatus>
), 6.14 long, 3.44 wide; densely covered with dark hairs, dorsal ones longer and stronger than lateral and ventral ones.
<collectionCode id="ED533BE55B6EFFFEF46AFEC3FDCD709D" box="[575,631,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9hjz-r0xi" name="Peabody Essex Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">PMS</collectionCode>
0.62 long, separated from each other by 0.19 (equal to their width);
<specimenCode id="DBE40B5B5B6EFFFEF339FEC3FF7270B9" collectionCode="PLS" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">PLS 3.04</specimenCode>
long (proximal article 1.23, median article 0.84, distal article 0.97), separated from each other by 0.58 (slightly more than diameter of proximal article;
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6EFFFEF402FE1BFD1070C5" box="[599,682,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3DF3A85B6EFFFEF6C2F9F5FADF7686" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" startId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6EFFFEF6C2F9F5FADF7686" blockId="4.[151,1437,1625,1938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6EFFFEF6C2F9F5FEAE7765" bold="true" box="[151,276,1625,1649]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6EFFFEF74EF9F6FE597766" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[283,483,1626,1650]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6EFFFEF74EF9F6FE597766" box="[283,483,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6EFFFEF7BFF9F6FD867766" bold="true" box="[490,572,1626,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6EFFFEF7BFF9F6FD867766" box="[490,572,1626,1650]" pageId="4" pageNumber="485" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692FF3AFC5A7071" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF692FF3AFD8371A5" bold="true" box="[199,569,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Description of female
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6FFFFFF786FF3BFD8E71A5" box="[467,564,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">allotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF414FF3BFCB671A5" box="[577,780,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Colour in alcohol</emphasis>
(for colour of two living females, including
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6FFFFFF35BFF3BFAD171A5" box="[1294,1387,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">allotype</typeStatus>
, see
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF6C2FF17FEAF71C1" box="[151,277,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
): Generally lighter than in males. Carapace with contrast between mostly dark brown pars cephalica and light brown pars thoracica more pronounced than in male (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF539FF73FC7F71ED" box="[876,965,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF5A6FF73FBF471ED" box="[1011,1102,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae (including fang) darker than in male, posterior legs slightly lighter, sternum, labium and palpal coxae slightly more reddish. Colour of opisthosoma obscured by cuticle being partly detached from underlying tissue, in other females lighter than in males; genital region light orange-brown (see
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF4C9FEE7FD567071" box="[668,748,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
for female
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6FFFFFF53BFEE7FC6E7071" box="[878,980,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692FEC3FAEC7249" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF692FEC3FD8E709C" box="[199,564,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Morphology and measurements:</emphasis>
Body 18.31 long. Carapace 5.65 long, 3.83 wide, its anterior margin slightly recurved, its posterior margin widely invaginated (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF488FE3FFC8070B9" box="[733,826,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); pars cephalica in profile more strongly arched than in male, with a distinct small pit-like lateral depression on each side at transition between pars cephalica and pars thoracica (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF75AFE77FED370E1" box="[271,361,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); hairs in median row behind eye mound distinctly longer and stronger than in male, hairs on pars thoracica distinctly weaker (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF44FFE53FDCC730D" box="[538,630,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
cf.
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF4FDFE53FCBF730D" box="[680,773,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1455,1479]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,349,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-101@2.[151,1436,345,1429]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., male paratype (A–B), male holotype (C–M). (A) Habitus of living spider, dorsal view. (B) Same, lateral view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Same, dorsal view. (E) Prosoma, ventral view. (F) Spinnerets, ventral view. (G) Distal part of left palp, prolateral view. (H) Same, ventral view. (I) Same, retrolateral view. (J) Tibia and metatarsus of left leg I, prolateral view. (K) Distal part of left tibia I and proximal part of left metatarsus I, prolateral view. (L) Same, ventral view. (M) Tip of left tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c—unpaired claw; e—embolus; p—para-embolic apophysis. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–D, F, J), 1 mm (E, G–I, K–L), 0.5 mm (M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282034/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Fovea widely U-shaped, 0.84 wide, occupying 23% of carapace width at that point. Eye mound distinct; eye group 0.60 long, anterior eye row essentially straight, 1.15 wide, posterior eye row slightly recurved, 1.10 wide. MOQ 0.50 long, 0.61 wide anteriorly, 0.79 posteriorly. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.30, PME 0.24, PLE 0.24. Proximal article of chelicera 2.69 long, stronger than in male, without intercheliceral tumescence; ventral groove with seven teeth arranged in a medially transposed row on promargin (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF74EFD1FFEDC73D9" box="[283,358,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) and with a short row of ten tiny black medioproximal denticles; rastellum sessile, composed of about ten strong short spines in 2–3 rows and several similarly thick but more pointed spines above fang articulation. Palpal coxa 2.21 long, 1.30 wide; no serrula; with over 40 cuspules in prolateral-proximal corner. Labium 0.58 long, 1.10 wide, with three cuspules. Sternum 3.38 long, 2.47 wide; posterior sigilla more elongate than in male, almost four times longer than wide, medially separated from each other by slightly more than their length (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF2A7FCEFFAF37249" box="[1266,1353,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692FCCAFADC751B" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Palp 6.69 long (2.21 + 1.30 + 1.56 + 1.62). Spines: patella p2, tibia p4, v6, tarsus v1/2. Tibia dorsally with a distinct subdistal pseudosegmentation, i.e., a pallid transverse band (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF5D8FC26FC6172B0" box="[909,987,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
), a character found in all bemmerids and nemesiids examined but often indistinctly developed. Tarsus with ventral spines and with scopula covering entire length of article prolaterally and proventrally but only its distal half retrolaterally and retroventrally; palpal claw with nine teeth in proventral row. Trichobothria: 7+
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B6FFFFFF48DFC59FCB9751A" box="[728,771,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="5" pageNumber="486" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
two rows on tibia, seven in an irregular row on tarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692FBB4FBA5743E" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Legs 3241; all articles (especially femora) of legs I–II more distinctly compressed than in male; leg I without modifications. Leg I 12.77 long (3.64 + 2.34 + 2.92 + 2.18 + 1.69); leg II 10.71 long (3.05 + 2.11 + 2.27 + 1.92 + 1.36); leg III 8.18 long (2.21 + 1.75 + 1.17 + 1.72 + 1.33); leg IV 12.49 long (3.44 + 2.27 + 3.05 + 2.53 + 1.20). Patellae I–III longer than metatarsi I–III; patella lV shorter than metatarsus IV. Scopulae covering entire ventral side of leg tarsi I–II, plus distal four-fifths of metatarsus I and distal third of metatarsus II; no scopulae on legs III–IV. Metatarsal preening combs absent on leg I; on metatarsus II only a proventral comb composed of 2/3 bristles (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF33AFB65FF077412" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
); on metatarsus III a proventral and a retroventral comb of four bristles; on metatarsus IV a weak proventral and a strong retroventral comb of three and 5/6 bristles, respectively (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF526FABCFBA9743E" box="[883,1043,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3M, O–P</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692FA9FFCBB775D" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Spines: Leg I: patella p1; tibia p4/5, v5; metatarsus p1/2, v5/6. Leg II: patella p3; tibia p3, v3; metatarsus p2/3, v6/7. Leg III: patella p3; tibia p1/2, r2, v1; metatarsus d7/8, p2, v4. Leg IV: patella, 0; tibia v1; metatarsus d3, v4. Dense patches of spinules (weaker than in females of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6FFFFFF4A2FAD0FCE07481" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[759,858,1403,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF4A2FAD0FCE07481" box="[759,858,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF534FAD7FC017481" bold="true" box="[865,955,1403,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6FFFFFF534FAD7FC017481" box="[865,955,1403,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, stronger than in
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6FFFFFF2D6FAD0FB757481" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1155,1231,1403,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF2D6FAD0FB757481" box="[1155,1231,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">D. dao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF282FAD7FA8B7481" bold="true" box="[1239,1329,1403,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6FFFFFF282FAD7FA8B7481" box="[1239,1329,1403,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) dorsally on patella III and patella IV (on the latter spinules becoming thinner in distal half), divided by an oblique glabrous band, plus a dorsodistal group of strong spinules on femur IV. Paired tarsal claws with 8+8 teeth in two rows on legs I–II, 2–4 on legs III–IV; unpaired claw indiscernible on legs I–II, a tiny bare claw present on leg III (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF359FA4BFAD97715" box="[1292,1379,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
) and a small bare claw on leg IV (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF78CF9A7FDED7731" box="[473,599,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3L–M</figureCitation>
). Trichobothria: 7–10 each in two rows on tibiae, eight in a single irregular row on metatarsi, eight in a single zig-zag row on tarsi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692F9FFFD5077CD" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Opisthosoma relatively long and somewhat cylindrical (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF561F9FFFC307779" box="[820,906,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
, see also
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF5A4F9FFFBFE7779" box="[1009,1092,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
for another female), 9.48 long, 5.58 wide, with hair cover as in male. PMS 0.72 long, separated from each other by 0.23 (slightly less than their diameter), PLS 3.01 long (proximal article 1.23, median article 0.84, distal article 0.94), separated by 0.62 (slightly more than diameter of proximal article) (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF434F913FD6477CD" box="[609,734,1727,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 3G–H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFFF692F94FFD927699" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
Vulva (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6FFFFFF74CF94FFECE77E9" box="[281,372,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
): Genital atrium wide and long, its anterior margin slightly invaginated. A single pair of widely separated, very short receptacles situated on ventral side of atrium, in its distal half. Each receptacle composed of a short, wide, wreath-shaped, strongly sclerotized base and of a short, bubble-shaped, unsclerotized head. A small sclerotized spot present on both sides of genital atrium, retrolateral of each receptacle. For other sclerotisations in the vulvae see following paragraph.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6FFFFCF692F83BFA937201" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2042]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6FFFFFF692F83BFE8576A5" bold="true" box="[199,319,1943,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="486">Variation.</emphasis>
Carapace lengths in males (n = 8) range 4.19–5.47, in females (n = 3) 4.81–5.68; carapace widths in males range 3.07–4.15, in females 3.23–4.81. The shape of the posterior margin of the carapace in males ranges from straight to slightly and widely invaginated and to moderately and narrowly invaginated. The lateral depressions between the cephalic and thoracic parts of the carapace of females are pit-like in the
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6CFFFCF27BFF3BFB3271A5" box="[1070,1160,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">allotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF2C3FF3BFB5171A5" box="[1174,1259,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), more elongate in the
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF68AFF17FE3A71C1" box="[223,384,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
. All females and most males have three short prolateral spines on patella III; the largest male has four spines (the most proximal one rather weak) on the right side and three on the left side. The
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF350FF73FA2671ED" box="[1285,1436,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
examined have patellae I–II on both sides of the body longer than metatarsi I–II, and patella III either slightly longer than or as long as metatarsus III; patella IV is always clearly shorter than metatarsus IV (see also Discussion). All females have a distinct subdistal pseudosegmentation on their palpal tibia (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF5ADFEE7FBF07071" box="[1016,1098,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
); in females of the other two new species described here this is less pronounced. In all males metatarsal preening combs are absent on legs I–II, present on legs III–IV (in some specimens on one side less clearly developed than on the other side). In all females the preening combs are absent on metatarsus I, present and more or less distinct on metatarsi II–IV. In all males the unpaired tarsal claw is absent on legs I–III, present but tiny on leg IV. In
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF58DFE77FBDB70E1" box="[984,1121,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
the unpaired claw is absent or indiscernible on tarsi I–II, in
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF45DFE53FD20730D" box="[520,666,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
a tiny unpaired claw is present on the right tarsus I; in
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF348FE53FA26730D" box="[1309,1436,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6CFFFCF6C2FD8FFEB87329" box="[151,258,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">paratypes</typeStatus>
that claw is tiny on tarsus III (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF408FD8FFD0D7329" box="[605,695,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
); in all
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF558FD8FFC197329" box="[781,931,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
examined it is small and well-discernible on tarsus IV (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF75BFDEBFE377375" box="[270,397,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-184@4.[151,1436,489,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., female paratype (A, F, K, M), female allotype (B–E, G–J, L, N–P). (A–B) Habitus, dorsal view. (C) Carapace, lateral view. (D) Prosoma, dorsal view. (E) Same, ventral view. (F) Genital region, ventral view. (G) Spinnerets, ventral view. (H) Same, lateral view. (I) Groove of left chelicera, ventral view. (J) Tibia and tarsus of left palp, dorsal view; arrow indicating distinct pseudosegmentation. (K) Tip of right tarsus III, prolateral view; arrow indicating tiny unpaired claw (absent in other females). (L) Tip of left tarsus IV, prolateral view; arrow indicating distinct unpaired claw. (M) Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of right leg IV, retrolateral view; short arrow indicating unpaired tarsal claw, long arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (N) Distal part of right metatarsus II, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (O) Distal part of left metatarsus IV, proventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. (P) Same, retroventral view; arrow indicating metatarsal preening comb. Scale bars 10 mm (A–B), 5 mm (C–E), 1 mm (F–J, M), 0.5 mm (K–L, N–P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282040/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 3L–M</figureCitation>
). The number of labial cuspules in males is 2–7, in females 3–5. The pigmented area below (posterior of) each receptacle of the vulva of the
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6CFFFCF4E0FDC7FCB57391" box="[693,783,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">allotype</typeStatus>
is an untypical, random sclerotisation (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF290FDC7FAA67391" box="[1221,1308,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) which can often be found in the vulvae of large and old mygalomorph and liphistiid spider females. This clearly is not part of the sclerotized receptacular base, and it is not present in the other
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B6CFFFCF52FFD1FFBB973D9" box="[890,1027,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
examined (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF2D3FD1FFB4573D9" box="[1158,1279,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 4B–E</figureCitation>
). The smaller, sclerotized lateral spots present on both sides of the genital atrium (indicated by arrows in
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6CFFFCF2D5FD7BFB4373E5" box="[1152,1273,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,816,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-384@6.[151,1435,813,1496]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282044/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
) are present in all conspecific females examined and therefore they are a typical part of the vulva of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF206FD57FB737201" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1107,1225,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF206FD57FB737201" box="[1107,1225,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">D. pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF285FD57FA937201" bold="true" box="[1232,1321,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6CFFFCF285FD57FA937201" box="[1232,1321,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6CFFFCF6C2FA43FCDF7783" blockId="6.[151,1436,1519,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF6C2FA43FEAE7713" bold="true" box="[151,276,1519,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF749FA43FE5E7713" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,484,1519,1543]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF749FA43FE5E7713" box="[284,484,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF7B9FA43FD877713" bold="true" box="[492,573,1519,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6CFFFCF7B9FA43FD877713" box="[492,573,1519,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, vulvae of three females. (A) Entire vulva of allotype with unusual sclerotisation in genital atrium, ventral view. (B) Entire vulva of paratype 2, ventral view. (C) Entire vulva of paratype1, ventral view. (D) Same, anteroventral view. (E) Same, anterior view. (F) Left receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. (G) Right receptacle of paratype1, anterior view. Arrows indicating sclerotized lateral spots in genital atrium. Abbreviation: b—base of receptacle; ga—genital atrium; h—head of receptacle. Scale bars 1 mm (A–E), 0.1 mm (F–G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6CFFFCF692F969FEA07687" blockId="6.[151,1437,1733,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF692F969FECA77CB" bold="true" box="[199,368,1733,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Relationships.</emphasis>
Due to its relatively small, submarginal and medially not confluent posterior sternal sigilla, as well as the presence of labial cuspules and metatarsal preening combs on legs III–IV and the absence of a scopula on tarsus IV, the new species currently fits well in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF54CF8A1FC217633" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[793,923,1805,1831]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF54CF8A1FC217633" box="[793,923,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Damarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the combination of a para-embolic apophysis and receptacula seminis composed of a wide, strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head make
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF6C2F8FAFEB5767B" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,271,1877,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF6C2F8FAFEB5767B" box="[151,271,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">D. pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF74DF8FAFEC97664" bold="true" box="[280,371,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6CFFFCF74DF8FAFEC97664" box="[280,371,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF7F8F8FAFDAB767B" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[429,529,1877,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF7F8F8FAFDAB767B" box="[429,529,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF44FF8FAFDCF7664" bold="true" box="[538,629,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6CFFFCF44FF8FAFDCF7664" box="[538,629,1878,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
clearly stand out among Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF5B4F8F9FBCA767B" box="[993,1136,1877,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bemmeridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6CFFFCF2FFF8F9FA88767B" box="[1194,1330,1877,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemesiidae</taxonomicName>
. See also Discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6CFFFCF692F831FEEF76CF" pageId="6" pageNumber="487" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6CFFFCF692F831FEEF76CF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1733,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6CFFFCF692F831FEDB76A3" bold="true" box="[199,353,1949,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is known only from its
<typeStatus id="54F91D825B6CFFFCF568F832FCD776AC" box="[829,877,1950,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">type</typeStatus>
locality at the western edge of the great plain of central
<collectingCountry id="F355E3B05B6CFFFCF6BFF86DFEEB76CF" box="[234,337,1985,2011]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="487">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358F0AB5B6DFFF2F692FF3AFBBA730D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6DFFFDF692FF3AFD9471C1" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF692FF3AFE9D71A4" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Biology.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF77EFF3BFE3071A5" box="[299,394,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Habitat:</emphasis>
The spiders examined were collected from flat to moderately sloping ground in a dry secondary forest at the base of a limestone hill.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3DF3A85B6DFFFDF6C2FB5BFBA874F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" startId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" targetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6DFFFDF6C2FB5BFBA874F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1271,1512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF6C2FB5BFEA9741B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Burrow structure of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF7BFFB5BFD08741B" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[490,690,1271,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF7BFFB5BFD08741B" box="[490,690,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Damarchus pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF4ECFB5BFCB0741B" bold="true" box="[697,778,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6DFFFDF4ECFB5BFCB0741B" box="[697,778,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–B), of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF52EFB54FC6F741B" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[891,981,1271,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF52EFB54FC6F741B" box="[891,981,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">D. lanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF589FB5BFB97741B" bold="true" box="[988,1069,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6DFFFDF589FB5BFB97741B" box="[988,1069,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(C) and of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF2F1FB54FB53741B" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[1188,1257,1271,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF2F1FB54FB53741B" box="[1188,1257,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">D. dao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF2A5FB5BFAFB741B" bold="true" box="[1264,1345,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6DFFFDF2A5FB5BFAFB741B" box="[1264,1345,1271,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B6DFFF2F692F9BAFE0B7071" blockId="7.[151,1437,1557,2016]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,537]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF692F9BAFE9F773B" box="[199,293,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Burrow:</emphasis>
As typical for
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF783F9B9FD0F773B" box="[470,693,1557,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF783F9B9FDE2773B" box="[470,600,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Damarchus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, the burrow is composed of a main shaft from which branches a blind side shaft. The main shaft is about
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B6DFFFDF40EF995FD707740" box="[603,714,1593,1620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 cm</quantity>
long and almost vertical. A few centimetres above the bottom of the main shaft a side shaft branches upward at an acute angle without reaching the surface. In there, the spider hides when something intrudes into the burrow (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6DFFFDF426F92DFD557788" box="[627,751,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[151,1435,237,1248]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Burrow structure of Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. (A–B), of D. lanna sp. nov. (C) and of D. dao sp. nov. (D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
). There is, however, a modification to this burrow that makes
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF6C2F90AFEB677AB" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,268,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" genus="Damarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF6C2F90AFEB677AB" box="[151,268,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">D. pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF747F909FED077AB" bold="true" box="[274,362,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B6DFFFDF747F909FED077AB" box="[274,362,1701,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
biologically unique among Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF4B0F909FCCE77AB" box="[741,884,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Bemmeridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bemmeridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF5FDF909FB9577AB" box="[936,1071,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemesiidae</taxonomicName>
, and that only has parallels in the pycnothelid
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF776F965FC8177F7" authority="Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918" authorityName="Rainbow &amp; Pulleine" authorityYear="1918" box="[291,827,1737,1763]" class="Arachnida" family="Pycnothelidae" genus="Stanwellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF776F965FDBC77F7" box="[291,518,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Stanwellia nebulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DED15B6DFFFDF45BF965FC8177F7" author="Rainbow, W. J. &amp; Pulleine, R. H." box="[526,827,1737,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" pagination="81 - 169" refId="ref23403" refString="Rainbow, W. J. &amp; Pulleine, R. H. (1918) Australian trapdoor spiders. Records of the Australian Museum, 12, 81 - 169, pls. 12 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.12.1918.882" type="journal article" year="1918">Rainbow &amp; Pulleine, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F355E3B05B6DFFFDF52AF965FC5C77F7" box="[895,998,1737,1763]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Australia</collectingCountry>
and in the idiopid
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B6DFFFDF2E9F965FAE477F7" authorityName="Schwendinger" authorityYear="1991" box="[1212,1374,1737,1763]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B6DFFFDF2E9F965FAE477F7" box="[1212,1374,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Idiops pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F355E3B05B6DFFFDF6C2F941FF447613" box="[151,254,1773,1799]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. At the entrance of the side shaft, a compact soil pellet (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6DFFFDF528F941FC46761C" box="[893,1020,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[151,1435,237,1248]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Burrow structure of Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. (A–B), of D. lanna sp. nov. (C) and of D. dao sp. nov. (D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6DFFFDF25CF941FBA37613" box="[1033,1049,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,569,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-222@8.[151,1435,561,1546]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., photos of two soil pellets; of female paratype 1 (A–C) and of female paratype 2 (D–F). (A, D) Lateral view. (B) Contralateral (with regard to A) view. (C, F) Posterior and slightly dorsal (as seen from inside side shaft) view. (E) Ventral view. Scale bars 5 mm (A–C; D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282050/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">6</figureCitation>
), moulded by the spider from soil particles and saliva, rests in a chamber in the floor. The entire upper, slightly concave and rather wide surface of the pellet (which constitutes the lower floor behind the entrance to the side shaft) is firmly attached to a collar of quite tough silk that lines the zone behind the side shaft entrance (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6DFFFDF560F8F5FC357660" box="[821,911,1881,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[151,1435,237,1248]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Burrow structure of Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. (A–B), of D. lanna sp. nov. (C) and of D. dao sp. nov. (D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Behind the soil pellet, the silk collar connects with the lining of the side shaft and that point serves as a hinge at which the pellet can be folded up and down. The lower part of the pellet is first about as wide as the diameter of the side shaft and then narrows to a coarsely dentate keel (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B6DFFFDF683F869FEA176CB" box="[214,283,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,569,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-222@8.[151,1435,561,1546]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., photos of two soil pellets; of female paratype 1 (A–C) and of female paratype 2 (D–F). (A, D) Lateral view. (B) Contralateral (with regard to A) view. (C, F) Posterior and slightly dorsal (as seen from inside side shaft) view. (E) Ventral view. Scale bars 5 mm (A–C; D–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282050/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="488">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). To plug the side shaft entrance, the spider pulls the soil pellet from its tightly fitting resting chamber upward into the interior and thus blocks access to the side shaft (
<figureCitation id="1379BFA55B62FFF2F522FF3BFC6A71A5" box="[887,976,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,244,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-41@7.[151,1435,237,1248]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Burrow structure of Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. (A–B), of D. lanna sp. nov. (C) and of D. dao sp. nov. (D). (A) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with soil pellet resting in its chamber and leaving access to side shaft; spider sitting in ambush below burrow entrance. (B) Schematic drawing of spider plugging side shaft entrance by pulling soil pellet out of its resting chamber. (C) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft branching at an angle from main shaft; spider retreated to bottom of main shaft. (D) Schematic drawing of entire burrow with side shaft as a straight continuation of main shaft; an egg sac suspended inside side shaft; spider sitting in ambush behind burrow entrance. Abbreviations: es—egg sac; ms—main shaft; pr—prey remnants; sc—silken collar; ss—side shaft; sp—soil pellet. Scale bars 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8282048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8282048/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). The largest soil pellet built in captivity is
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B62FFF2F6E7FF17FEB471C1" box="[178,270,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.80 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B62FFF2F70DFF16FE0971C1" box="[344,435,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" unit="cm" value="0.55">0.55 cm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4CBA0EC55B62FFF2F479FF17FD3D71C1" box="[556,647,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.80 cm</quantity>
deep. As reported for the spindle-shaped soil pellet of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B62FFF2F2AEFF17FE2B71ED" authority="Frade &amp; Bacelar, 1931" authorityName="Frade &amp; Bacelar" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Nemesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagei">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B62FFF2F2AEFF17FA2671C1" box="[1275,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Nemesia fagei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DED15B62FFF2F6C2FF73FE2B71ED" author="Frade, M. A. &amp; Bacelar, A." box="[151,401,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" pagination="222 - 238" refId="ref22498" refString="Frade, M. A. &amp; Bacelar, A. (1931) Revision des Nemesia de la faune iberique et description d'especes nouvelles de ce genre. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire de Paris, Serie 2, 3 (2), 222 - 238." type="journal article" year="1931">Frade &amp; Bacelar, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DED15B62FFF2F79FFF73FD1771ED" author="Bacelar, A." box="[458,685,222,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" pagination="78 - 79" refId="ref22306" refString="Bacelar, A. (1937) Trap-door spiders from Algarve (south of Portugal). In: Jorge, A. R. (Ed.), Comptes rendus du 12. Congres International de Zoologie tenu a Lisbonne du 15 au 21 Septembre 1935. Vol. 3. Casa Portuguese, Lisboa, pp. 1567 - 1577, pls. 78 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1937">Bacelar, 1937: 1576</bibRefCitation>
), the devices made in captivity are not as elaborate as the ones made in nature. The soil plugs of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D8A35B62FFF2F785FEAFFDFD7009" authority="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree, 2023" authorityName="Schwendinger &amp; Hongpadharakiree" authorityYear="2023" box="[464,583,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylorus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B62FFF2F785FEAFFDFD7009" box="[464,583,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">D. pylorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9367F325B62FFF2F41AFEAFFD107009" bold="true" box="[591,682,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A205C2495B62FFF2F41AFEAFFD107009" box="[591,682,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
found in the field (not photographed and not collected) have more distinctly outlined teeth forming the keel, plus a small round and flat area in front of the teeth (not discernible in soil pellets built in captivity).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDA3205B62FFF2F692FEC3FBBA730D" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B9367F325B62FFF2F692FEC3FEF2709D" box="[199,328,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Phenology:</emphasis>
Males collected in the field in mid-December matured in captivity in February to May of the following year and in late March or early April of the year after. Second generation males that hatched in captivity in late
<date id="FFFC85E05B62FFF2F6B2FE1BFEED70C5" box="[231,343,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" value="2017-07">July 2017</date>
became mature in
<date id="FFFC85E05B62FFF2F461FE1BFD1270C5" box="[564,680,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" value="2020-05">May 2020</date>
and in
<date id="FFFC85E05B62FFF2F555FE1BFCC570C5" box="[768,895,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" value="2021-04">April 2021</date>
, almost three years (
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B62FFF2F238FE1BFB6270C5" box="[1133,1240,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
) and almost four years (
<specimenCount id="9D4468A95B62FFF2F6B5FE77FEEF70E1" box="[224,341,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
) later. A female that mated in captivity in late
<date id="FFFC85E05B62FFF2F501FE77FC7770E1" box="[852,973,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" value="2017-04">April 2017</date>
had 44 spiderlings hatching exactly three months later. They stayed in the burrow of the mother for another 1.5 months.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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