163 lines
19 KiB
XML
163 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="BF0A5564E9BE78ACE4A41095644A1851" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188725" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97a0d3d1-80c3-450b-9404-255b5a20c7f5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188725" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461096479258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A., Taylor, Steven J., Wynne, Judson & Krejca, Jean K." docDate="2009" docId="03DD87D0AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFF4BFA6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02151p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2151" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pratherodesmus Shear" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFE4FFA8AB17CC2FFFBDFFF5FFAEFFA4" masterDocTitle="Cave millipeds of the United States. VIII. New genera and species of polydesmidan millipeds from caves in the southwestern United States (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698589473289" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="EF76C11639D3AB0E5B97C2AD85D511DA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="014951FD7E7DCC60BC0FA2B3BA47FBA8">
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<mods:title id="E8D5F7D569E9D68F44A861F356C5BCF7">Cave millipeds of the United States. VIII. New genera and species of polydesmidan millipeds from caves in the southwestern United States (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FAD7B1491F85C85B1A5B6468E8B14B50" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="79D209189AD4B1A47EFEAB63FCDAB04B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B552B7CEFC8683E27E6FB07359DCF5C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="023B72FA91F01F78620DA5844B790A67">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CE9C6CF0F877BAC6A9A36D8ABE1E5881" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="36A08A8FB396AC4860020721F2CF3997">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CB97DE9BE988D51260DA10FE8533A923">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B12D8C96BFBC65788C99861E5680997A">Taylor, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D054CF40FDAB79C1F65CCE00B17115C0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="02B62F4790B37574315B628A21CEF58A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="870D72B12FA8E63DF5116532EA0A2975">Wynne, Judson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1C8A02D400FDFE2F683232EFAFBFA2B1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0788BB563809462418CE2FF721095895">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F21194FA4FBA9D16E253A50BBDECD68F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="66D26631F7E6F8CF1408301C774B750A">Krejca, Jean K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F202195699C54734D6EDEC1B14AEA112">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3FA1CFFB60C6E409D41B637296D546D">
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<mods:title id="BA76B50614FAF9888BEA9A618890AB6B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6A6567E986951269E3B46C6E2DCBFE0D">
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<mods:date id="922B6113D62BCCC4E8B3EECDA063079B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0CD92FA6C90C1E27028AF68A83A545D2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A55B6D413B341701D801A0F4F05CDA5A">2151</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6053E1B88228FD15FA9AEC0F7F60AAB9">47</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9F58E227ED4D5E9F164497453E3B62B5">65</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B3BA4941ED2A80084889D6768D81C93F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0FF1EC5EA809B633DDB29FE7F377B083" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188725</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3D90E188F4CC88CC5A02117494FF2824" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="870A54CB57327290CBAFF87B2439C534" type="Zenodo-Dep">188725</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DD87D0AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFF4BFA6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213334" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D0AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFF4BFA6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87D0AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFF4BFA6A" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFD94FF7C" box="[151,570,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFD94FF7C" blockId="3.[151,570,190,216]" box="[151,570,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="D08381AAAB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFD94FF7C" bold="true" box="[151,570,190,216]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFD94FF7C" bold="true" box="[151,570,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFE05FF7C" authority="Shear" authorityName="Shear" box="[151,427,190,216]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF2AFF4BFEF2FF7C" bold="true" box="[151,348,190,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Pratherodesmus</emphasis>
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Shear
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</taxonomicName>
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, new genus
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF2AFEFEFCA7FE87" box="[151,777,267,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF2AFEFEFCA7FE87" blockId="3.[151,777,267,291]" box="[151,777,267,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF2AFEFEFE83FE87" bold="true" box="[151,301,267,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<typeStatus id="54CF8864AB14CC2CFF2AFEFEFF61FE87" box="[151,207,267,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFE8EFEF9FDD8FE87" authority="Shear" authorityName="Shear" box="[307,630,268,291]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voylesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFE8EFEF9FD9FFE87" box="[307,561,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Pratherodesmus voylesi</emphasis>
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Shear
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357AFAB14CC2CFD3CFEF9FCAAFE87" box="[641,772,268,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF2AFEA7FC58FE37" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF2AFEA7FC58FE37" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF2AFEA7FE89FEC8" bold="true" box="[151,295,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Named for the late John W. Prather, former lead scientist and spatial ecologist for the ForestERA Project, and professor at Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF7BFE6AFE36FC98" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF7BFE6AFE36FC98" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF7BFE6AFEE6FE1D" bold="true" box="[198,328,415,441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Small (<10.0 mm length) polydesmidan millipeds with 20 trunk segments, lacking pigment; metatergites smooth, with three transverse rows of short, acute or clavate setae, rows sometimes strongly recurved. Collum ovoid, narrower than head and first leg-bearing segment. Paranota low, margins toothed, posteriolateral angles sharply drawn out. Pygidium blunt, nearly hemispherical when viewed dorsally, sparsely setose, with usual four spinnerets (Shear 2008) arranged in a square and set in individual depressions; pygidial process blunt, decurved. Males with pregonopodal legs unmodified or encrassate. Gonopods with coxae globular, fixed, entirely filling gonostome, tightly appressed or fused in midline; prefemora sparsely setose, strongly transverse, articulating with coxae by process fitting into coxal notch. Exomere small or absent, endomerite large, bulky, dominating gonopod. Acropodite short, solenomere nearly sessile, opening of seminal canal widened, subtended by cuticular teeth and two processes, one proximal and one distal (distal process=tibiotarsus?).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF7BFCBCFD83FBEF" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF7BFCBCFD83FBEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFF7BFCBCFE2BFCC6" box="[198,389,841,866]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF7BFCBCFE2BFCC6" box="[198,389,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Pratherodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFD8FFCBCFB1CFCC7" ID-CoL="7Q4JY" authority="Chamberlin 1943 (Shear & Shelley 2007)" authorityName="Chamberlin 1943 (Shear & Shelley" authorityYear="2007" box="[562,1202,841,867]" class="Diplopoda" genus="Tidesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFD8FFCBCFD30FCC6" box="[562,670,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Tidesmus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFD11FCBCFCD1FCC7" author="Chamberlin" box="[684,895,841,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1943) On nine North American polydesmoid millipeds. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 56, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="1943">Chamberlin 1943</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFC2EFCBCFB04FCC7" author="Shear" box="[915,1194,841,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2007) The milliped genus Tidesmus Chamberlin 1943 (Polydesmida, Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1656, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Shear & Shelley 2007</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a much smaller tibiotarsus of the male gonopod and in its smooth or nearly smooth metazonites.
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFB23FC85FEF4FC14" authority="Shear & Shelley 2008" authorityName="Shear & Shelley" authorityYear="2008" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Sequoiadesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFB23FC85FAFDFC2D" box="[1182,1363,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Sequoiadesmus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFAE4FC85FEF4FC14" author="Shear" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2008) Cave millipeds of the United States. VI. Sequoiadesmus krejcae, n. gen., n. sp., from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA (Diplopoda, Polyesmida, Trichopolydesmidea, Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1693, 41 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Shear & Shelley 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs near the
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<typeStatus id="54CF8864AB14CC2CFD95FC63FDF3FC14" box="[552,605,918,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFD53FC62FCD8FC14" box="[750,886,919,944]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="despaini">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFD53FC62FCD8FC14" box="[750,886,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">P. despaini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, though at a much higher elevation and in a different cave group (see map in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFD91FC48FC91FC73" author="Shear" box="[556,831,957,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2008) Cave millipeds of the United States. VI. Sequoiadesmus krejcae, n. gen., n. sp., from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA (Diplopoda, Polyesmida, Trichopolydesmidea, Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1693, 41 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Shear & Shelley 2008</bibRefCitation>
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); the gonopod of the single known species has an extremely long solenomere and lacks an exomere.
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFD55FC11FAADFC5A" authority="Shear & Shelley 2008" authorityName="Shear & Shelley" authorityYear="2008" box="[744,1283,996,1022]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Sequoiadesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krejcae">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFD55FC11FC57FC59" box="[744,1017,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Sequoiadesmus krejcae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFBBCFC11FAADFC5A" author="Shear" box="[1025,1283,996,1022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Shear, W. A., & Shelley, R. M. (2008) Cave millipeds of the United States. VI. Sequoiadesmus krejcae, n. gen., n. sp., from Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA (Diplopoda, Polyesmida, Trichopolydesmidea, Macrosternodesmidae). Zootaxa, 1693, 41 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Shear & Shelley 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also much smaller (5.8 mm long vs. 9.0 mm for
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFDF1FBFFFD62FB87" box="[588,716,1034,1059]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="despaini">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFDF1FBFFFD62FB87" box="[588,716,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">P. despaini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and has densely scattered, acute metzonital setae rather than short, clavate ones ranged in rows.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E654DAB14CC2CFF7BFBA2FF4BFA6A" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF7BFBA2FA8AFBD6" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,1486]" box="[198,1316,1111,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF7BFBA2FEC7FBD5" bold="true" box="[198,361,1111,1137]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Known from caves in northwestern Arizona and the Sierra Nevada of California.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36C6AB14CC2CFF7BFB8BFF4BFA6A" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFF7BFB8BFEB8FB3C" bold="true" box="[198,278,1150,1176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Notes:</emphasis>
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The genus presently consists of three species of small, white, presumably troglobitic, millipeds found only in caves in the states of Arizona and California. We surmise that the species are in effect cavelimited (troglobionts), because the habitats surrounding the caves are inimical to small millipeds (
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<figureCitation id="134F2A43AB14CC2CFA89FB39FA21FB42" box="[1332,1423,1228,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 37, 38" captionStartId="16.[151,271,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,180,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,180,1767]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37, 38. Fig. 37. Living example of Nevadesmus ophimontis, photographed in Snake Creek Cave; length of animal is about 5 mm. Fig. 38. Great Basin pinyon-juniper woodland of the Snake Mountains seen from just inside the entrance to Snake Creek Cave (photos by J. Krejca)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188735/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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). The caves of the southwestern part of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3637656AB14CC2CFD3CFB07FCB3FAA8" box="[641,797,1266,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">United States</collectingCountry>
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have not been well-investigated for cave life, with the exception of limited studies of bats; and some investigations of caves where arthropods were opportunistically collected. Notable exceptions are cave-specific inventories of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New
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<collectingCountry id="F3637656AB14CC2CFAFFFAB5FA32FAFE" box="[1346,1436,1344,1370]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFF22FA93FE1FFA24" author="Barr" box="[159,433,1382,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Barr, T. C. Jr. & Reddell, J. R. (1967) The Arthropod Cave Fauna of the Carlsbad Caverns Region, New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist, 12, 253 - 273." type="journal article" year="1967">Barr and Reddell 1967</bibRefCitation>
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) and Karchner Caverns, Arizona (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFCF7FA93FBA6FA24" author="Welbourn" box="[842,1032,1382,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Welbourn, W. C. (1999) Invertebrate Cave Fauna of Kartchner Caverns, Kartchner Caverns, Arizona. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 61, 93 - 101." type="journal article" year="1999">Welbourn 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). Broader surveys were published by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFF01FA78FEE8FA03" author="Peck" box="[188,326,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Peck, S. B. (1973) A review of the invertebrate fauna of volcanic caves in western North America. National Speleological Society Bulletin, 35, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck (1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFEEEFA78FE3FFA03" author="Peck" box="[339,401,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Peck, S. B. (1981) The invertebrate fauna of the caves of the Uinta Mountains, northeastern Utah. Great Basin Naturalist, 41, 207 - 212." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37AB14CC2CFE23FA78FE70FA03" author="Peck" box="[414,478,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Peck, S. B. (1982) Invertebrate faunas and zoogeographic significance of lava tube caves of Arizona and New Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 42, 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Given this, we expect more species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D45AB14CC2CFC7EFA78FB2AFA02" box="[963,1156,1421,1446]" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Pratherodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAD4AB14CC2CFC7EFA78FB2AFA02" box="[963,1156,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Pratherodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be discovered in the future.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |