286 lines
30 KiB
XML
286 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B3DE0EE5651A107F5EAF39B5892EBC70" ID-CLB-Dataset="28542" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f6ace70-93a7-400c-b58a-a1d2c95d3b53" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2613120" ID-ZooBank="lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71232906-9C90-4A6E-B893-83AC1574C8CA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1550571547778" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Petney, Trevor N., Boulanger, Nathalie, Saijuntha, Weerachai, Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia, Pfeffer, Martin, Eamudomkarn, Chatanun, Andrews, Ross H., Ahamad, Mariana, Putthasorn, Noppadon, Muders, Senta V., Petney, David A. & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2019" docId="03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4558.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4558 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhipicephalus microplus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFE4FFBCFFD8FFF71E6BDD79FFAAFFDF" masterDocTitle="Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1550498228261" originalUpdateUser="plazi" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698699079557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="84B2FEBFA77EBDF9AB6CC3FD8ABBA350">Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="26654DDE841F0A700EBC52DBDB1BB0FA">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B7171D942F133088806F580FFB996A7">Boulanger, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E71A33BDDD56253ADC84DFCCA56669EB">Saijuntha, Weerachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CC483A3D002F600ADE5915DCFF569F">Chitimia-Dobler, Lidia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02387A9F17623907C3371CCB7E2BF972">Eamudomkarn, Chatanun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AAE4A800701B4A6EE0841652CABE83C3">Ahamad, Mariana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B17272CCFB08E5C0380576B6B442565C">Putthasorn, Noppadon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66FD79D030BD70A413A62B33195A2ADD">Muders, Senta V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5A07CCE507B1C1E9331809067FD54E9">Petney, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DEA483AFDA4A9A1B02EF91A5301D6F4">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50CE99D924B58586EC719965CCAD71D8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="72AA87B456446B0D504B79D7C2A73413">
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<mods:date id="E074A826FA0354582234CAFC30DC3981">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="068BFE65E53E027D0D9EBE0F5658E564">2019-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ADE4F05A83AB591558010C1F26CA6593">4558</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6FB44BFAE56518E50D730535EACCFC47" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4558.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542067" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152610933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4542067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C4FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFCD5FA43" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFB38FCE8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFD3FFDBF" blockId="34.[151,661,583,608]" box="[151,661,583,608]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D08381BEFFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFD3FFDBF" bold="true" box="[151,661,583,608]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFD3FFDBF" ID-CoL="78TH5" authority="(Canestrini, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,661,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFD3FFDBF" bold="true" box="[151,661,583,608]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EFCDF3EFE12FDBF" bold="true" box="[151,440,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
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(Canestrini, 1888)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EFCDFF6FB38FCE8" blockId="34.[151,1437,655,1437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Studies are urgently needed to determine whether this is a species complex (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51A6ADFF6FAB5FD77" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Venzal, J. M. & Nava, S. & Mangold, A. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J." box="[1025,1311,655,680]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="794 - 802" refId="ref40694" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Venzal, J. M., Nava, S., Mangold, A., Guglielmone, A. A., Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J. (2012) Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 794 - 802. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / ME 11223" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Estrada-Peña
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51AF4DFE8FB79FD77" box="[1183,1235,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51EFCDFCCFEF5FD13" author="Roy, B. C. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Krucken, J. & Rehman, A. & Nijhof, A. M." box="[151,351,692,717]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1069 - 1079" refId="ref64621" refString="Roy, B. C., Estrada-Pena, A., Krucken, J., Rehman, A. & Nijhof, A. M. (2018) Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 1069 - 1079. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.03.035" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Roy
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EA4DFCCFEA1FD12" box="[207,267,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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showed that the complex contains at least 5 taxa including
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51A70DFCCFB01FD12" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1051,1195,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A70DFCCFB01FD12" box="[1051,1195,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. annulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51AD7DFCCFAEAFD12" authorityName="Fuller" authorityYear="1899" box="[1212,1344,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51AD7DFCCFAEAFD12" box="[1212,1344,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51BEFDFCCFEACFD2F" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51BEFDFCCFEACFD2F" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. microplus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clades A-C, with ticks from
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51C0CDFAEFD46FD2F" box="[615,748,727,752]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51C96DFAEFCF6FD2F" box="[765,860,727,752]" name="Pakistan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51DF7DFA1FBA3FD2F" box="[924,1033,728,752]" name="Myanmar" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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being assigned to clade C. These authors stress the high level of morphological variation present in these taxa and indicate that additional morphological, genomic and cross-breeding studies are needed to determine species status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E6559FFFAFFD51EACDE3DFCD5FA43" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EACDE3DFEE6FAA7" blockId="34.[151,1437,655,1437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51EACDE3DFE75FC82" ID-CoL="78TH5" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[199,479,836,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EACDE3DFE75FC82" box="[199,479,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhipicephalus microplus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a cattle parasite with a one-host life cycle. It is thought to have originated in the Indian subregion but has been introduced into many parts of the world, including other parts of Asia, with its hosts (Hoogstraal 1985b). It was previously placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51D5FDEF5FC0CFC7A" authorityName="Curtice" authorityYear="1891" box="[820,934,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51D5FDEF5FC0CFC7A" box="[820,934,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Boophilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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until this was reduced to a subgenus within
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51EFCDED6FE9DFC17" ID-CoL="63QCK" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,311,943,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51EFCDED6FE9DFC17" box="[151,311,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhipicephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51F2EDED6FDFBFC17" author="Beati, L. & Keirans, J. E." box="[325,593,943,968]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="32 - 48" refId="ref35231" refString="Beati, L. & Keirans, J. E. (2001) Analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 12 S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphological characters. Journal of Parasitology, 87, 32 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 0022 - 3395 (2001) 087 [0032: AOTSRA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Beati and Keirans 2001</bibRefCitation>
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; Murrell and Barker 2003). An attempt to clarify the taxonomic situation in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51F5CDEADFD29FC32" authority="(Hoogstraal 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Hoogstraal" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[311,643,980,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Boophilus">
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<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F5CDEADFE03FC32" box="[311,425,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Boophilus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51FD0DEADFDD1FC32" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[443,635,980,1005]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref44547" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956) African Ixodoidea 1. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
showed that the Asian species had been variously referred to as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51BEFDEACFEAFFBCF" ID-CoL="6WTFG" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51BEFDEACFEAFFBCF" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. annulatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51F74DE80FDC2FBCF" ID-CoL="5R6KN" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1901" box="[287,616,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulatus" variety="australis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F74DE80FE1DFBCF" box="[287,439,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. annulatus</emphasis>
|
|
var.
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51C6DDE8EFDC2FBCF" box="[518,616,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">australis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51CEADE80FCA4FBCF" ID-CoL="735LR" authorityName="Fuller" authorityYear="1899" box="[641,782,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51CEADE80FCA4FBCF" box="[641,782,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. australis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51D4CDE80FC0BFBCF" ID-CoL="MHRD" authorityName="Minning" authorityYear="1934" box="[807,929,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51D4CDE80FC0BFBCF" box="[807,929,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. distans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51DD0DE80FBF7FBCF" box="[955,1117,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krigjsmani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51DD0DE80FBF7FBCF" box="[955,1117,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. krigjsmani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51A1DDE80FA9CFBCF" ID-CoL="MHRG" authorityName="Minning" authorityYear="1934" box="[1142,1334,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscutatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A1DDE80FA9CFBCF" box="[1142,1334,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. longiscutatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51BEFDE80FEEEFBEA" ID-CoL="MHRJ" authorityName="Minning" authorityYear="1934" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundiscutatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51BEFDE80FEEEFBEA" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. rotundiscutatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(at the time
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51FA4D965FDEBFBEA" authorityName="Curtice" authorityYear="1891" box="[463,577,1052,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Boophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51FA4D965FDEBFBEA" box="[463,577,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Boophilus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
had generic status;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51D76D965FC15FBEB" author="Minning, W." box="[797,959,1052,1077]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref58399" refString="Minning, W. (1934) Beitrage zur Systematik und Morphologie der Zeckengattung Boophilus Curtice. Parasitology Research, 7, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Minning 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51DA1D965FBCDFBEA" author="Anastos, G." box="[970,1127,1052,1077]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref33529" refString="Anastos, G. (1950) The scutate ticks, or Ixodidae, of Indonesia. Entomologica Americana, 30, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1950">Anastos 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51A12D965FA36FBEB" author="Estrada-Pena, A. & Venzal, J. M. & Nava, S. & Mangold, A. & Guglielmone, A. A. & Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J." box="[1145,1436,1052,1077]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="794 - 802" refId="ref40694" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Venzal, J. M., Nava, S., Mangold, A., Guglielmone, A. A., Labruna, M. B. & de la Fuente, J. (2012) Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages. Journal of Medical Entomology, 49, 794 - 802. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / ME 11223" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Estrada-Peña
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51B78D964FAE9FBEA" box="[1299,1347,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2012)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
showed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51F59D938FE10FB87" ID-CoL="735LR" authorityName="Fuller" authorityYear="1899" box="[306,442,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51F59D938FE10FB87" box="[306,442,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. australis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a good species known to be present in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51DA5D946FB92FB87" box="[974,1080,1087,1112]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51A21D939FAABFB87" box="[1098,1281,1087,1112]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Borneo, the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51EFCD91DFEB2FBA2" box="[151,280,1124,1149]" name="Philippines" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Sumatra, Java, New
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51C7FD91DFDC2FBA2" box="[532,616,1124,1149]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51C1DD91DFD46FBA2" box="[630,748,1124,1149]" name="Cambodia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and Tahiti. It is possible that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51A27D91CFB7AFBA2" ID-CoL="735LR" authorityName="Fuller" authorityYear="1899" box="[1100,1232,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A27D91CFB7AFBA2" box="[1100,1232,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. australis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51B60D91CFA36FBA2" ID-CoL="78TH5" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1291,1436,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51B60D91CFA36FBA2" box="[1291,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. microplus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may both be found sympatrically in Southeast Asia, although evidence for this is not available.
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51A97D9FEFED4FB1A" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51A97D9FEFEACFB1A" ID-CoL="78TH5" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="microplus">Rhipicephalus microplus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BBFFFAFFD51F67D9D4FED4FB1A" box="[268,382,1196,1221]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is the most common cattle tick in continental Southeast Asia, occurring throughout the region wherever cattle are found, although it can also occur on other domestic stock (Rajamanikan 1968;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51B76D9A9FEEAFAD2" author="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref62595" refString="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E. (1996 b) Ticks of the genus Aponomma (Acari: Ixodidae) in South-east Asia. Tropical Biomedicine, 13, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1996">Petney and Keirans 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The record of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51F98D98DFD0BFAD2" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[499,673,1268,1293]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref53687" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1995) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 32.3.276" type="journal article" year="1995">Kolonin (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
from banteng (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51D24D98CFC41FAD3" ID-CoL="MLPY" authorityName="d'Alton" authorityYear="1823" box="[847,1003,1269,1292]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51D24D98CFC41FAD3" box="[847,1003,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bos javanicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in an area of virgin forest in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51B56D98DFA36FAD2" box="[1341,1436,1268,1293]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
well away from settlements should be further investigated to determine its validity. In continental Southeast Asia
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C744D51FFFAFFD51BEFD860FEACFA8A" ID-CoL="78TH5" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microplus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51BEFD860FEACFA8A" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R. microplus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51FECD845FE57FA8A" box="[391,509,1340,1365]" name="Cambodia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Lao PDR, peninsular
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51D65D845FCDDFA8A" box="[782,887,1340,1365]" name="Malaysia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51DECD844FC5CFA8A" box="[903,1014,1341,1365]" name="Myanmar" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51A6ED845FBC3FA8A" box="[1029,1129,1340,1365]" name="Thailand" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3637642FFFAFFD51AC3D845FAADFA8A" box="[1192,1287,1340,1365]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51B71D845FE95FAA7" author="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref62595" refString="Petney, T. N. & Keirans, J. E. (1996 b) Ticks of the genus Aponomma (Acari: Ixodidae) in South-east Asia. Tropical Biomedicine, 13, 167 - 172." type="journal article" year="1996">Petney and Keirans 1996b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB36D2FFFAFFD51EACD8FDFCD5FA43" blockId="34.[151,1437,655,1437]" box="[199,895,1412,1437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
|
All life history stages are illustrated in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B23FFFAFFD51C10D8FDFCD1FA43" author="Yamaguti, N. & Tipton, V. J. & Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S." box="[635,891,1412,1437]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref72392" refString="Yamaguti, N., Tipton, V. J., Keegan, H. L. & Toshioka, S. (1971) Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 15, 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1971">
|
|
Yamaguti
|
|
<emphasis id="B900EAC0FFFAFFD51C86D8FCFCB4FA42" box="[749,798,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (1971)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |